1323:(under article 73(e) of the Charter of the United Nations). The resolution passed, garnering a favorable vote from some 40% of the General Assembly, with over 60% abstaining or voting against it (20 to 16, plus 18 abstentions). Today, however, the UN "still debates whether Puerto Rico is a colony" or not. The United States has been "unwilling to play in public the imperial role...apparently it has no appetite for acknowledging in a public way the contradictions implicit in frankly colonial rule. Something in our own history makes the idea of our ruling other people very difficult to deal with. Puerto Rico's political status certainly has evolved in its century inside the North American 'family.' But the permanent interim political status of which Tomas Blanco wrote still has not ended." The island has been called a colony by many, including US Federal judges, US Congresspeople, the Chief Justice of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court, and numerous scholars. For additional references to Puerto Rico's current (2021) colonial status under U.S. rule, see Nicole Narea, Amy Goodman and Ana Irma Rivera Lassén, David S. Cohen and Sidney W. Mintz.
46:
1139:
7480:
666:. 97% of votes cast favored statehood. The November 2020 referendum was the first to ask voters a simple yes-or-no question: "Should Puerto Rico be admitted immediately into the Union as a State?". There were 655,505 votes in favor of statehood (52.52%) and 592,671 votes opposed (47.48%), with a turnout of 1,248,476 voters out of the total population stated by census Population Estimates of 3,221,789 as of July 1, 2022. The 55% turnout rate equaled that for the simultaneous
7468:
7492:
533:
956:, but died in Committee. A corresponding bill in the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico that would implement the vote, known in English as the Law for the Final Definition of the Political Status of Puerto Rico (P.S. 1467), was approved by both houses on March 31, 2020, and sent to the Governor for signature. The single question was "Should Puerto Rico be immediately admitted into the Union as a state?", with only two options: "yes" or "no".
7504:
1027:. In April 2023, Puerto Rico's Status Act, which seeks to resolve its territorial status and relationship with the United States through a binding plebiscite at the federal level, was reintroduced in the House by Democrats. This legislation, however, has been viewed as biased in favor of incorporating Puerto Rico as a state due to its introducers being pro-State for Puerto Rico.
1314:. In 1952, after the US Congress approved Puerto Rico's constitution, its formal name became "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico", but its new name "did not change Puerto Rico's political, social, and economic relationship to the United States." That year, the United States advised the United Nations (UN) that the island was a self-governing territory. During its 8th session, the
886:. Voters who chose "No" to the first question numbered 970,910 (54.0%), expressing themselves against continuing the current political status, while those who voted "Yes" numbered 828,077 (46.0%), indicating their desire to continue the current political status relationship. Of those who answered the second question, 834,191 (61.2%) chose statehood, 454,768 (33.3%) chose
809:, which established a civil government and free trade between Puerto Rico and the USA. Puerto Ricans, although incapable of electing members of the territory's executive branch, were now able to elect their local representatives and a resident commissioner to the US Congress, who had a voice but no vote. In 1917, the enactment of the
933:
which included $ 2.5M in funding for a future referendum, intended to help educate the population on any future plebiscite. The fifth referendum was held on June 11, 2017, and offered voters three options: "Statehood", "Free
Association/Independence" and "Current Territorial Status". The turnout was
804:
Since the transfer of sovereignty of Puerto Rico from Spain to the United States, the relationship between Puerto Rico and the US has been debated by many. On April 11, 1899, the peace treaty between Spain and the USA (the 1898 Treaty of Paris) became effective, and established a military government
650:
described them as "marred, with ballot language phrased to favor the party in office". For example, the fourth referendum, held in
November 2012, asked voters (1) whether they wanted to maintain the current political status of Puerto Rico and, if not, (2) which alternative status they prefer. Of the
1309:
Puerto Rico was a colony of Spain from 1493 to 1898, when it passed to be a colonial possession of the United States, classified by the United States as "an unincorporated territory". In 1914, the Puerto Rican House of
Delegates voted unanimously in favor of independence from the United States, but
1045:
In July 2024, Governor Pedro
Pierluisi called a plebiscite on the status of Puerto Rico in November 2024, for the first time the island's current status as a U.S. territory will not be an option during the non-binding plebiscite. The executive order follows the U.S. House of Representatives' 2022
974:
announced that a referendum on Puerto Rico's statehood would be held in
November of that year. For the first time in the territory's history, only one direct question was asked: "Should Puerto Rico be admitted immediately into the Union as a State?" Previous referendums presented multiple options
1034:
introduced legislation under the same title which, if passed, would schedule a first vote for August 4, 2024, where Puerto Ricans would have the choice between four alternatives: annexation to the United States, independence, sovereignty in free association, and a free state associated with the
763:
Benefits of statehood include an additional $ 10 billion per year in federal funds, the right to vote in presidential elections, higher Social
Security and Medicare benefits, increased minimum wage, and a right for its government agencies and municipalities to file for bankruptcy. The latter is
715:
is responsible for policy relations between the United States and Puerto Rico, although according to the
Territorial Clause of Constitution of the United States of America "The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other
3023:"For Puerto Rico, True Decolonization Must Mean Independence: The Puerto Rico Status Act nominally presents a choice on the archipelago's political future, but U.S. impositions will never offer a path to liberation. With a people's education campaign, new autonomous directions are possible"
1046:
approval of a bill to help Puerto Rico move toward a change in territorial status. Voters are given the choice of statehood, independence, or independence with free association, the terms of which would be negotiated regarding foreign affairs, U.S. citizenship, and use of the U.S. dollar.
890:, and 74,895 (5.5%) chose independence. The preferred status consultation did not include Puerto Rico's current status as a territory (Estado Libre Asociado as defined by the 1952 Constitution) as a choice, but instead an alternative named "E.L.A. Soberano" On December 11, 2012, the
857:
A referendum in
December 1998 offered voters four political status options: statehood, independence, free association, and territorial commonwealth, plus "none of the above." The latter option won 50.5% of the vote, followed by statehood, with 46.6%. Turnout was 71%.
1018:
On
December 15, 2022, H.R. 8393 passed the House of Representatives in a 233–191 vote with 11 absences. It would have instituted a binding referendum that would allow Puerto Ricans to vote on the future status of the island, that Congress would have to obey. Every
2166:
842:
on July 23, 1967. Voters were given the choice between being a
Commonwealth, statehood or independence. The majority of voters voted for Commonwealth status while around 40% showed support for joining as a state, with a voter turnout of 65.9%.
975:
such as independence or maintaining the current territorial status. The announcement came amid growing disillusionment with Puerto Rico's territorial status due to the lack of access to federal funds for recent natural disasters, such as
906:
to respond diligently and effectively on the demand of the people of Puerto Rico to end its current political status and to begin the transition of Puerto Rico to become a state of the union. This was followed by a hearing at the Senate
1318:
recognized Puerto Rico's self-government on November 27, 1953, with Resolution 748 (VIII). UN Resolution "748 (VIII)" was adopted on November 27, 1953, during its 459th Plenary Meeting. This removed Puerto Rico's classification as a
2803:
1002:, a bill to provide for the admission of the State of Puerto Rico into the Union was introduced. These bills, H.R. 1522 and S. 780, were supported by 50 Puerto Rican pro-statehood organizations, who " on the
696:, organized territory of the US through a series of judicial decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States, collectively known as "The Insular Cases" and the enactment of several statutes by Congress.
2537:
2176:
2649:
2559:
655:, and 5.55% chose independence. Opponents of statehood argued that these results did not show that a majority of Puerto Rican voters support statehood. The June 2017 referendum was, according to
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609:, making it "the oldest colony in the modern world". As of 2023, the population of Puerto Rico is 3.2 million, around half the average state population and higher than that of 19 U.S. states.
303:
285:
1855:
5704:
3889:
3884:
1910:
767:
The primary debate over Puerto Rican statehood is about representation. Some proposals seek to give it representation without statehood, giving it its apportioned representatives in the
6196:
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party, citing its support for the status quo. Of the voters who "participated", 97.18% chose statehood, 1.50% favored independence and 1.32% chose to maintain the commonwealth status.
728:. This new title of "commonwealth" did not change how Puerto Rico was related to the United States, allowing Congress to continue holding power over it as an unincorporated territory.
267:
745:
1884:
1633:
6069:
1940:
1007:
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1830:
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only 23% because statehood opponents boycotted it, arguing that the ballot language was biased towards pro-statehood. Some would later try to attribute the boycott to the
294:
276:
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2026:"The Insular Cases and the Doctrine of the Unincorporated Territory and its Effects on the Civil Rights of the Residents of Puerto Rico | U.S. Commission on Civil Rights"
820:, which included questions on statehood. Puerto Ricans chose not to alter the status quo in referendums until 2012. The 2012 referendum produced a more equivocal result.
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5791:
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Because there were almost 500,000 blank ballots in the 2012 referendum, creating confusion as to the voters' true desire, Congress ignored the results, but passed a
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5587:
238:
212:
125:
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The referendum was held on November 3, 2020. There were 655,505 votes in favor of statehood (52.52%) and 592,671 against (47.48%). After the results, the
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mandates the House be capped at 435 members, Puerto Rico would end up with Representatives that would otherwise have been apportioned to other states.
194:
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564:
93:
17:
3180:
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2911:"51 Organizations Sign Letter Supporting Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act & Opposing Velázquez/AOC/Menendez/Sanders Puerto Rico Status Bill"
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in which more than 130 private citizens from different advocacy groups in Puerto Rico started a campaign in which they visited every member of the
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A bill (H.R. 4901) for Puerto Ricans to vote "yes" or "no" on statehood was introduced on October 29, 2019, by Puerto Rico Resident Commissioner
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915:(H.R. 2000; S. 2020) to hold a yes-or-no referendum among the residents of Puerto Rico on statehood. Both resolutions died in committee.
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130:
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The Political Travesty of Puerto Rico: Like all U.S. territories, Puerto Rico has no real representation in its own national government.
1772:
707:, establishing a civil government in the territory and then in 1917, Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship, by the enactment of the
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affirmed that he would only support Puerto Rican statehood if the population of the island began to use English as its main language.
724:
after increased pressure locally along with internationally to decolonize the island; this led to the territory being designated as a
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3106:
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990:, which at the time had a pro-statehood majority, passed the "Puerto Rico Congressional Act" calling a special election to elect two
875:
779:
614:
489:
140:
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1948:
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3298:
1123:
883:
799:
626:
354:
171:
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1820:
874:(1) whether they agreed to continue with Puerto Rico's territorial status and (2) to indicate the political status they preferred
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1344:
817:
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386:
249:
2090:
2003:
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1179:
999:
935:
908:
768:
434:
364:
185:
120:
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6857:
6766:
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5059:
5054:
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4883:
3894:
3789:
3720:
2752:
2332:
1498:
1446:
Pedro Caban. SUNY-Albany. Latin American, Caribbean, and US Latino Studies Faculty. 2015. p. 516. Accessed 13 September 2021.
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167:
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70:
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484:
477:
369:
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752:). Puerto Rico residents do not participate in the Presidential elections because Puerto Rico does not have any
644:
Although the previous two referendums (November 2012 and June 2017) also had ostensibly pro-statehood outcomes,
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fifty-four percent (54.0%) who voted "No" on maintaining the status quo, 61.11% chose statehood, 33.34% chose
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903:
525:
411:
399:
374:
280:
3652:
1758:
1543:"Let Puerto Rico Decide How to end its Colony Status: True Nationhood Stands on the Pillar of Independence."
7431:
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7357:
7220:
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7015:
6869:
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6703:
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1549:. Republished by The Puerto Rico Herald. July 21, 2002. San Juan, Puerto Rico. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
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1760:
Puerto Ricans Vote to Narrowly Approve Controversial Statehood Referendum & Elect 4 LGBTQ Candidates.
1269:
787:
717:
494:
75:
59:
760:. If Puerto Rico were to become a state, they would gain the ability to vote in Presidential elections.
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4514:
3541:
3482:
3428:
2429:
1214:
810:
708:
180:
110:
3411:
911:
on Puerto Rico's status on August 1, 2013, and (in 2014) resolutions introduced in both houses of the
813:
the territory of Puerto Rico was organized and statutory US citizenship was granted to its residents.
6835:
6141:
5946:
5941:
5503:
4957:
4413:
4159:
3022:
1340:
1103:
147:
2804:"Puerto Rico: Governor Vázquez informs that funds should be sought for the plebiscite for statehood"
1606:
1042:
introduced another act by the same name which, if passed, would also schedule a binding referendum.
805:
in Puerto Rico. This was short lived, since the following year (April 2, 1900) Congress enacted the
6948:
6328:
6298:
6293:
6283:
6049:
6005:
5846:
5607:
5393:
5257:
5071:
5011:
4603:
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4303:
4240:
4154:
4090:
3863:
3573:
1763:
Amy Goodman and Ana Irma Rivera Lassén. Democracy Now! 6 November 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
1368:
1244:
685:
606:
349:
324:
4235:
4208:
2052:"Jones Act - The World of 1898: The Spanish–American War (Hispanic Division, Library of Congress)"
207:
45:
6442:
6178:
5936:
4903:
4686:
4588:
4542:
4451:
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4164:
2701:
2676:"Make room for 51st star? Spending bill includes $ 2.5 million for vote on Puerto Rico statehood"
1264:
1190:
1107:
1039:
100:
36:
3736:
3092:
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1384:
1182:
971:
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this was rejected by the U.S. Congress as "unconstitutional" and in violation of the U.S. 1900
1163:
912:
700:
689:
662:, a "flawed election" where the turnout was only 23%, in part because most statehood opponents
630:
610:
289:
2642:
756:, but individual Puerto Ricans do have the right to vote when residing in a U.S. state or the
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5448:
5413:
5408:
5351:
5334:
5064:
4706:
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1887:(in Spanish). Comisión Estatal de Elecciones de Puerto Rico. November 8, 2012. Archived from
1858:(in Spanish). Comisión Estatal de Elecciones de Puerto Rico. November 8, 2012. Archived from
1480:
U.S. Department of the Interior. Office of Insular Affairs. 2021. Accessed 13 September 2021.
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1024:
772:
757:
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Property belonging to the United States...". In 1952, voters in Puerto Rico approved a new
189:
8:
6985:
6901:
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6427:
6112:
5743:
4940:
4681:
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4333:
1996:"Avalon Project - Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898"
1695:
Marty Johnson and Rafael Bernal. The Hill. 24 September 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
105:
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242:
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2826:"Ley Núm. 51 de 2020 -Ley para la Definición Final del Estatus Político de Puerto Rico"
1825:
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646:
80:
63:
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3515:
2873:
1678:
Can't We Just Sell the World's Oldest Colony and Solve Puerto Rico's Political Status?
1676:
307:
6968:
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5476:
4974:
4893:
4878:
3716:
3199:"Obama Labels Filibuster a 'Jim Crow Relic,' Supports D.C. and Puerto Rico Statehood"
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2116:
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1995:
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1709:
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1460:
1055:
379:
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Foreign in a Domestic Sense: Puerto Rico, American Expansion, and the Constitution.
1352:
1174:. They also attempted to persuade the members of Congress to initiate a process to
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995:
887:
652:
582:
3038:
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262:
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6593:
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5339:
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4962:
4908:
4181:
3741:
2473:"The Senate and the House of Representative of Puerto Rico Concurrent Resolution"
2266:
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1194:
976:
753:
688:, Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States in 1898, through the signing of the
537:
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4115:
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3600:
3453:
2505:"Statements from U.S. Senate Hearing on Puerto Rico Political Status Plebiscite"
1511:"7 FAM 1120 Acquisition of U.S. Nationality in U.S. Territories and Possessions"
1475:
7063:
6963:
6346:
5481:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5133:
4996:
4930:
4196:
4186:
4142:
3968:
2528:"Opinion: Puerto Rico Statehood Is A Moral, Democratic And Economic Imperative"
1559:
899:
629:. Puerto Rico has held six referendums on the topic. These are non-binding, as
225:
2779:"P.S.1467 - Law for the Final Solution of the Political Status of Puerto Rico"
2370:
2128:
1749:
Nicole Narea. MSN Microsoft News. 5 November 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
7518:
6044:
5344:
5153:
4788:
3429:
Romney, Santorum argue over English as requirement for Puerto Rican statehood
3299:"Florida Governor Race: Crist promises to champion statehood for Puerto Rico"
3046:
2355:"Making Puerto Rico the 51st State: Prospects under the Biden Administration"
2320:
1667:
Sam Roberts. The New York Times. 28 October 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
1388:
1364:
1143:
1127:
1087:
598:
464:
3107:"Puerto Rico will include status plebiscite in November's general elections"
6351:
6323:
5378:
4351:
4191:
4120:
2204:
1777:
David S. Cohen. RollingStone. 26 September 2017. Accessed 15 December 2020.
1515:
U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 - Consular Affairs
1376:
1348:
1067:
786:
or territory, this will have an impact on the make-up of the House. As the
233:
6628:
6159:
5496:
5398:
5138:
5001:
4757:
3978:
3936:
3469:
1311:
1095:
1083:
1075:
1059:
839:
806:
741:
704:
634:
590:
229:
7491:
3386:
2940:
1418:
New Haven, CT; London, England : Yale University Press, 1999. p. 4.
1023:
voted in favor of the bill, as did 16 Republicans. The bill died in the
532:
5491:
5297:
5123:
5118:
5036:
3905:
3681:"Congresista Serrano recibirá a los boricuas de "La Toma del Congreso""
2910:
2267:"Puerto Rico's Relationship with the United States? - US History Scene"
1392:
1380:
1372:
1336:
1227:
1091:
594:
3498:
3181:"Biden Calls Statehood "Most Effective" Way to Ensure Equal Treatment"
3127:"Remembering George H.W. Bush, Supporter of Statehood for Puerto Rico"
2117:"The politics of evasion: The missing statehood debate in puerto rico"
6980:
6973:
3568:
3510:
2997:"House reintroduces bill to resolve Puerto Rico's territorial status"
1332:
1071:
1063:
1821:"23% of Puerto Ricans Vote in Referendum, 97% of Them for Statehood"
1432:
The Voluntown Peace Trust. 22 July 2021. Accessed 13 September 2021.
740:
in terms of both population and geographical area, being similar to
641:, with a majority (52.52%) of those who voted opting for statehood.
5163:
5113:
4137:
3588:
3387:"At U.S. Senate Hearing, Bryan Advocates Statehood For Puerto Rico"
3275:
3253:"Stephanie Murphy declares support for Puerto Rico to become state"
2564:
2532:
1634:"Why Puerto Rico has debated U.S. statehood since its colonization"
1099:
3963:
3540:(in Spanish). Proyecto Estrella. November 29, 2012. Archived from
3163:"Joe Biden: "If I were in Puerto Rico I would vote for statehood""
2560:"Sen. Martin Heinrich Presents Bill Seeking Puerto Rico Statehood"
1681:
Luis Martínez-Fernández. 16 July 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
3556:
3433:
3271:"Rep. Darren Soto pushes for Puerto Rico statehood with new bill"
2983:...the measure had little chance of being taken up by the Senate.
2236:"Democracy, Not Statehood: The Case for Puerto Rican Congressmen"
663:
1790:
Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2010. p. 134.
1416:
Puerto Rico : the trials of the oldest colony in the world.
1170:—in which a majority of voters expressed themselves against the
3596:"Publican en Washington que la estadidad ganó en el plebiscito"
2620:"Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?"
2115:
Wagner, Kevin M; Gainous, Jason; Velez-Serrano, Mayra (2023).
1664:
Juan Torruella, Groundbreaking U.S. Appeals Judge, Dies at 87.
872:
On November 6, 2012, voters were presented with two questions:
3644:
3021:
Garriga-López, Adriana María; Quiles, Jac (January 2, 2024).
2144:"Smothering a Country: Puerto Rico and the Nationalist Party"
1856:"CEE Event - CONDICIÓN POLÍTICA TERRITORIAL ACTUAL - Resumen"
1726:
Decolonization Models for America's Last Colony: Puerto Rico.
1054:
Support for statehood has been expressed by former President
884:
a sovereign nation in free association with the United States
2650:"U.S. approves funds for referendum on Puerto Rico's status"
2167:"Puerto Rico gov approves referendum in quest for statehood"
3449:"Buscan llamar la atención del Congreso en torno al status"
3217:"Alaska Rep. Don Young advocates for Puerto Rico statehood"
2874:"Puerto Rico to hold statehood referendum amid disillusion"
1517:. U.S. Department of State. January 3, 2013. Archived from
2114:
1798:
1796:
1706:
Puerto Rico: The trials of the oldest colony in the world.
603:
unincorporated territorial possession of the United States
3440:
2148:
Zeitgeist: A Journal of Politics, History, and Philosophy
3885:
Chamber of Marketing, Industry, and Distribution of Food
1788:
Three Ancient Colonies: Caribbean Themes and Variations.
1158:) was an event that started on January 15, 2013, in the
775:
like a state without officially adding it to the union.
3616:
1793:
3673:
2968:"Puerto Rico independence vote bill passes U.S. House"
2584:"Puerto Rico Status Resolution Act (2013 - H.R. 2000)"
2200:"Why Puerto Rican Statehood Matters So Much Right Now"
1601:
Puerto Rico: Commonwealth, Statehood, or Independence?
941:
736:
Puerto Rico is, by a considerable margin, the largest
615:
options for the future political status of Puerto Rico
7456:
2399:
2387:
2261:
2259:
1285:
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
1146:
speaking in support of Puerto Rican statehood in 2019
7535:
Proposed states and territories of the United States
2851:"2020 Puerto Rico Status Referendum Ballot Released"
2325:
Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I
1746:
Live results for Puerto Rico's statehood referendum.
1477:
Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations.
1235:, the last law of admission of a new US state (1959)
3020:
1058:, former Massachusetts Governor (now U.S. Senator)
3771:
3737:S.2020 – Puerto Rico Status Resolution Act of 2014
2297:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
2256:
2158:
1217:, and Young Republican Federation of Puerto Rico.
1086:, former Florida Governor and U.S. Representative
731:
3530:
1885:"CEE Event - OPCIONES NO TERRITORIALES - Resumen"
778:Whether Puerto Rico is given statehood or simply
7516:
6192:Native American recognition in the United States
4619:Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program
3369:"Jeb Bush Still Supports Puerto Rican Statehood"
3145:"Romney would support statehood for Puerto Rico"
2728:"H.R.4901 - Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act"
2439:
1560:"Puerto Rico - The debate over political status"
1008:Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
3572:(in Spanish). November 29, 2012. Archived from
3351:"Rubio Statement on Puerto Rico Statehood Bill"
3514:(in Spanish). January 11, 2013. Archived from
3325:"Rick Scott: Puerto Rico should get statehood"
3235:"Steny Hoyer: Make Puerto Rico the 51st state"
2613:
2611:
2609:
1818:
1049:
6589:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
4773:
3921:
3757:
3478:"Boricuas tomarán el Congreso estadounidense"
3412:"Congress Supports Statehood for Puerto Rico"
2945:Clerk, United States House of Representatives
2753:"Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act of 2019"
2222:Six words: the ability to file for bankruptcy
1090:, former Florida Governor (now U.S. Senator)
558:
3075:"Wicker Reintroduces Puerto Rico Status Act"
2783:Sistema Único de Trámite Legislativo (SUTRA)
1623:Harvard University Press. 2010. pp. 135-136.
1120:2012 Republican Party presidential primaries
254:30th House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
27:Movement to grant Puerto Rico U.S. statehood
3564:"A promover la expresión contra la colonia"
2810:(in Spanish). March 4, 2020. Archived from
2606:
2233:
1166:in order to speak about the results of the
1106:, and American Samoa Delegate to Congress
4787:
4780:
4766:
3928:
3914:
3764:
3750:
3713:Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook
1429:The Recolonization of Puerto Rico, Part 1.
994:senators and four shadow House-members to
565:
551:
6202:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
2965:
2941:"Roll Call 529 | Bill Number: H. R. 8393"
2745:
2525:
2378:
2359:Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2080:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1803:Puerto Rico State Commission on Elections
1692:Hopes for DC, Puerto Rico statehood rise.
1255:Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
1013:
7530:Political advocacy groups in Puerto Rico
3935:
3622:
2352:
1137:
800:Puerto Rico political status plebiscites
172:17th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico
6253:List of counties and county equivalents
3650:
3446:
2994:
2708:from the original on September 29, 2017
1879:
1877:
1850:
1848:
1833:from the original on September 29, 2017
1178:. The campaign was supported by former
1172:current political status of Puerto Rico
1133:
14:
7517:
3710:
3623:Rosselló, Ricardo (January 14, 2013).
3475:
2966:Warburton, Moira (December 16, 2022).
2630:from the original on February 25, 2017
2411:
2405:
2393:
2212:from the original on February 22, 2017
2198:White, Gillian B. (November 9, 2017).
2141:
2062:from the original on November 25, 2011
1807:
909:Energy and Natural Resources Committee
435:United States House of Representatives
7509:Puerto Rico/Did you know-Puerto Rico?
4761:
4624:Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
3909:
3745:
3625:"Time to settle Puerto Rico's status"
3476:Rivera, Ivelisse (January 10, 2013).
2759:from the original on November 1, 2019
2197:
2110:
2108:
1290:Index of Puerto Rico-related articles
1199:Alianza Pro Libre Asociación Soberana
1176:change Puerto Rico's political status
2871:
2682:from the original on January 1, 2017
2617:
2244:(Comes from a law forum discussion.)
2164:
1874:
1845:
1187:Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
1004:House Committee on Natural Resources
637:. The most recent referendum was in
440:Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
2921:from the original on March 18, 2021
2594:from the original on April 19, 2014
2540:from the original on April 19, 2014
2526:Seilhamer, Larry (April 15, 2014).
2485:from the original on March 20, 2013
1280:Special Committee on Decolonization
1168:2012 Puerto Rican status referendum
966:2020 Puerto Rican status referendum
948:Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act
942:Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act
925:2017 Puerto Rican status referendum
892:Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico
868:2012 Puerto Rican status referendum
853:1998 Puerto Rican status referendum
830:1967 Puerto Rican status referendum
587:movimiento estadista de Puerto Rico
24:
4019:Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center
3704:
3651:Delgado, José (January 13, 2013).
3447:Delgado, José (January 15, 2013).
3355:Marco Rubio US Senator for Florida
2995:Acevedo, Nicole (April 20, 2023).
2853:. Puerto Rico Report. June 2, 2020
2702:"PDP to boycott status referendum"
2652:. January 16, 2014. Archived from
2449:. November 7, 2012. Archived from
2353:Chernykh, M. A. (March 29, 2023).
2314:
2234:Coleman Tió, José (May 19, 2007).
2105:
2093:from the original on June 14, 2016
1708:Yale University Press. 1997. p.3.
998:to advocate for statehood. In the
959:
918:
861:
846:
823:
627:becoming a freely associated state
25:
7551:
7525:Statehood movement in Puerto Rico
5598:Director of National Intelligence
3730:
3093:"Puerto Rico Status Act (S.3231)"
3061:"Puerto Rico Status Act (S.2944)"
2419:"Papeleta Modelo Plebiscito 2012"
2277:from the original on June 6, 2016
2165:Coto, Danica (February 3, 2017).
2142:Rangel, Franklin (May 15, 2023).
2087:LII / Legal Information Institute
2006:from the original on May 23, 2015
1728:Syracuse University Press. 2012.
1603:Constitutional Rights Foundation"
1239:Puerto Rico Democracy Act of 2007
744:with respect to population size (
670:and the 2016 gubernatorial race.
18:Statehood movement in Puerto Rico
7502:
7490:
7478:
7466:
5754:Government Accountability Office
3506:"Boricuas 'tomarán' el Congreso"
1819:Frances Robles (June 11, 2017).
1250:Territories of the United States
746:~3.3 million to CT's 3.6 million
531:
44:
4009:1950s Nationalist Party revolts
3653:"Antes de La Toma del Congreso"
3422:
3404:
3379:
3361:
3343:
3317:
3291:
3263:
3245:
3227:
3209:
3191:
3173:
3155:
3137:
3119:
3099:
3085:
3067:
3053:
3014:
2988:
2959:
2933:
2903:
2888:
2865:
2843:
2818:
2796:
2771:
2720:
2694:
2576:
2552:
2519:
2465:
2346:
2337:
2289:
2227:
2191:
2135:
2081:LII Staff (November 12, 2009).
2074:
2044:
2018:
1988:
1963:
1933:
1903:
1780:
1766:
1752:
1738:
1718:
1698:
1684:
1670:
1656:
1640:. July 24, 2020. Archived from
1626:
1613:
1591:
1577:
1326:
1316:United Nations General Assembly
1303:
1275:Political status of Puerto Rico
1102:, U.S. Virgin Islands Governor
750:13,791 square km to CT's 14,357
732:Potential benefits of statehood
680:Political status of Puerto Rico
605:acquired in 1898 following the
370:Puerto Rican Independence Party
7397:Separation of church and state
5613:National Reconnaissance Office
5556:President of the United States
3838:Statehood Students Association
3772:Advocacy groups in Puerto Rico
3689:(in Spanish). January 14, 2013
3604:(in Spanish). January 15, 2013
3538:"Unión por la descolonización"
2618:Wyss, Jim (January 26, 2017).
2208:. The Atlantic Monthly Group.
1552:
1536:
1503:
1493:Penguin Press. 2001. pp.60–63.
1483:
1469:
1449:
1435:
1421:
1408:
1010:to approve that legislation."
619:maintaining its current status
579:Puerto Rico statehood movement
13:
1:
3039:10.1080/10714839.2024.2323395
2915:Puerto Rico Statehood Council
2872:Coto, Dánica (May 16, 2020).
1459:Duke University Press. 2001.
1402:
1126:of that year, former senator
1113:
904:Congress of the United States
673:
526:Politics of the United States
412:Municipalities of Puerto Rico
126:Government-owned corporations
5759:Government Publishing Office
5227:Technological and industrial
3027:NACLA Report on the Americas
1588:Retrieved 13 September 2021.
1321:non-self-governing territory
1260:Voting rights in Puerto Rico
1211:Renacer Ideológico Estadista
816:Since 1967, there have been
631:the power to grant statehood
613:is one of several competing
7:
7231:Women's reproductive health
6197:Federally recognized tribes
6060:Public utilities commission
5964:Public Health Service Corps
5867:Code of Federal Regulations
5749:Congressional Budget Office
5603:Central Intelligence Agency
5509:Water supply and sanitation
4936:Declaration of Independence
4373:Puerto Rican crested anole
3848:Workers' Socialist Movement
3795:Constitution of Puerto Rico
1443:Colonialism in Puerto Rico.
1270:Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)
1220:
1197:. Groups involved included
1050:Support outside Puerto Rico
1000:US House of Representatives
788:Reapportionment Act of 1929
10:
7556:
6409:Red states and blue states
6314:City commission government
6309:Council–manager government
1547:The Allentown Morning Call
1215:Young Democrats of America
1213:(RIE), Proyecto Estrella,
1098:, former Florida Governor
970:On May 16, 2020, Governor
963:
945:
922:
865:
850:
827:
797:
793:
677:
623:becoming fully independent
375:Citizen's Victory Movement
181:26th Senate of Puerto Rico
121:Fiscal agent and financing
71:United States Constitution
7418:
7244:
7117:
7049:
6702:
6698:
6689:
6637:
6502:
6493:
6389:
6360:
6337:
6276:
6243:
6234:
6177:
6165:Comparison of governments
6140:
6103:
6080:
5996:
5976:
5907:
5845:
5767:
5690:
5548:
5539:
5535:
5526:
5248:
5239:
5184:
5144:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
4985:drafting and ratification
4958:Articles of Confederation
4871:
4805:
4796:
4719:
4637:
4584:
4575:
4510:
4501:
4409:
4400:
4324:
4289:
4280:
4267:
4260:
4160:El Yunque National Forest
4098:
4089:
4037:
3956:
3947:
3895:Manufacturers Association
3872:
3856:
3828:Proposed political status
3803:
3777:
2371:10.1134/S1019331622210067
2365:(Suppl 15): S1495–S1501.
2129:10.1177/13540688231215653
782:members of Congress as a
748:) and geographical area (
490:Proposed political status
199:Larry Seilhamer Rodríguez
7184:Prescription drug prices
6304:Mayor–council government
6294:Coterminous municipality
6284:Consolidated city-county
6050:Agriculture commissioner
5700:House of Representatives
5608:National Security Agency
5258:Contiguous United States
4657:Buildings and structures
3864:Center for a New Economy
1296:
1245:Puerto Rican citizenship
1241:(H.R. 900 & S. 1936)
1150:The Taking of Congress (
954:Jenniffer González Colón
876:from three possibilities
692:. Puerto Rico became an
387:Political party strength
365:Popular Democratic Party
281:Gabriel Rodríguez Aguiló
250:House of Representatives
76:Puerto Rico Constitution
7540:Public policy proposals
7269:Criticism of government
6614:Social welfare programs
6207:State-recognized tribes
5192:Outline of U.S. history
4904:Continental Association
4165:Toro Negro State Forest
3790:Civil Rights Commission
2447:"Resultados Plebiscito"
1724:Angel Collado-Schwarz.
1621:Three Ancient Colonies.
1564:Encyclopedia Britannica
1265:Politics of Puerto Rico
1108:Amata Coleman Radewagen
1040:Senator Martin Heinrich
988:Puerto Rico Legislature
764:currently prohibited.
668:2020 gubernatorial race
217:Ángel Chayanne Martínez
186:President of the Senate
37:Politics of Puerto Rico
7331:Environmental movement
7174:Health insurance costs
7069:Educational attainment
6594:Federal Reserve System
6552:Science and technology
6055:Insurance commissioner
5593:Intelligence Community
5288:minor outlying islands
5051:Civil rights movement
2876:. The Associated Press
1585:Resolution 748 (VIII).
1455:C.D. Burnett, et al.,
1207:Igualdad Futuro Seguro
1164:United States Congress
1155:
1147:
1082:, U.S. Representative
1078:, U.S. Representative
1070:, U.S. Representative
1014:Puerto Rico Status Act
913:United States Congress
586:
430:Federal representation
136:Office of the Governor
7157:Immigrant health care
6672:Transportation safety
6667:Transportation policy
6657:Public transportation
5727:President pro tempore
5583:Executive departments
5352:National Park Service
5007:Territorial evolution
4533:Operation "Bootstrap"
4484:Shadow representation
4479:Resident Commissioner
4437:Independence movement
4381:Unexpected snake eel
3994:Migration to New York
3989:Immigration to Hawaii
3823:Independence movement
3187:. September 16, 2020.
3112:Associated Press News
3081:. September 28, 2023.
3079:www.wicker-senate.gov
2572:on February 22, 2014.
1361:Jaime Herrera Beutler
1160:United States Capitol
1141:
1124:presidential election
896:concurrent resolution
720:proposed by Governor
678:Further information:
407:Mayors in Puerto Rico
360:New Progressive Party
208:Carmelo Ríos Santiago
195:President pro tempore
116:Executive departments
7326:Environmental issues
6991:Political ideologies
6890:Indigenous languages
6090:List of legislatures
5887:separation of powers
5588:Independent agencies
5514:World Heritage Sites
5149:September 11 attacks
5072:Spanish–American War
5012:Mexican–American War
4968:Confederation period
4899:Continental Congress
4447:Legislative Assembly
4365:Puerto Rican amazon
3221:Anchorage Daily News
2755:. October 30, 2019.
2678:. January 22, 2014.
2453:on November 10, 2012
2241:The Yale Law Journal
2175:. DC. Archived from
1644:on February 24, 2021
1545:Rosalinda de Jesus.
1524:on December 22, 2015
1385:María Elvira Salazar
1233:Hawaii Admission Act
1183:José Enrique Serrano
1134:Statehood supporters
1074:U.S. Representative
1032:Senator Roger Wicker
972:Wanda Vázquez Garced
836:status of the island
834:A referendum on the
758:District of Columbia
711:. The Office of the
686:Spanish–American War
607:Spanish–American War
601:. Puerto Rico is an
190:Thomas Rivera Schatz
7169:Health care finance
6662:Rail transportation
6428:Imperial presidency
6150:State constitutions
6095:List of legislators
6045:Auditor/Comptroller
6018:Lieutenant governor
5744:Library of Congress
5635:Diplomatic Security
5278:Indian reservations
4941:American Revolution
4334:Elfin woods warbler
3880:Chamber of Commerce
3843:Status quo movement
3576:on December 3, 2012
3518:on January 14, 2013
3239:Washington Examiner
3133:. December 1, 2018.
2947:. December 15, 2022
2656:on January 20, 2014
2179:on February 4, 2017
2032:. February 12, 2024
2000:avalon.law.yale.edu
1891:on November 9, 2012
1862:on November 9, 2012
1180:U.S. representative
1066:, former President
1030:In September 2023,
818:several referendums
538:Politics portal
268:Speaker pro tempore
7279:affirmative action
7252:Capital punishment
7211:Poverty and health
7206:Physician shortage
7179:Health care prices
7109:Standard of living
6792:standard of living
6599:Financial position
6226:Hawaiian home land
6214:Indian reservation
6187:Tribal sovereignty
6030:Secretary of state
5899:United States Code
5815:Territorial courts
5787:Associate Justices
5672:Inspector generals
5159:War in Afghanistan
5022:Reconstruction era
4889:Stamp Act Congress
4548:Telecommunications
4472:Statehood movement
4347:Mona ground iguana
4226:Puerto Rico Trench
4197:Isleta de San Juan
3984:Jones–Shafroth Act
3974:Intentona de Yauco
3873:Trade associations
3833:Statehood movement
3711:Nohlen, D (2005).
3185:PUERTO RICO REPORT
3131:PUERTO RICO REPORT
2917:. March 18, 2021.
2704:. April 20, 2017.
1826:The New York Times
1704:José Trías Monge.
1414:José Trías Monge.
1148:
1038:In December 2023,
811:Jones-Shafroth Act
709:Jones-Shafroth Act
647:The New York Times
445:Jenniffer González
272:José Torres Zamora
141:Transition process
131:Line of succession
7454:
7453:
7414:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7380:National security
7089:Income inequality
6969:Statue of Liberty
6772:income inequality
6685:
6684:
6677:Trucking industry
6489:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6416:Foreign relations
6404:Electoral College
6385:
6384:
6173:
6172:
6125:District attorney
5972:
5971:
5799:Courts of appeals
5522:
5521:
5235:
5234:
5176:COVID-19 pandemic
5129:Feminist Movement
4975:American frontier
4894:Thirteen Colonies
4755:
4754:
4715:
4714:
4571:
4570:
4497:
4496:
4462:Political parties
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4357:Opalescent grunt
4256:
4255:
4236:Grande de Arecibo
4085:
4084:
3903:
3902:
3722:978-0-19-928357-6
3544:on April 15, 2013
3375:. April 28, 2015.
3305:. August 10, 2021
2814:on March 5, 2020.
2333:978-0-19-928357-6
2273:. July 17, 2015.
1951:on August 4, 2013
1921:on August 4, 2013
1786:Sidney W. Mintz.
1619:Sidney W. Mintz.
1609:on June 10, 2009.
1499:978-0-14-311928-9
1491:Harvest of Empire
1345:Brian Fitzpatrick
1156:Toma del Congreso
1056:George H. W. Bush
981:COVID-19 pandemic
575:
574:
424:Federal relations
355:Political Parties
290:Urayoán Hernández
16:(Redirected from
7547:
7507:
7506:
7505:
7495:
7494:
7483:
7482:
7481:
7471:
7470:
7469:
7462:
7434:
7427:
7314:African American
7196:Health insurance
7084:Household income
6954:National symbols
6885:American English
6858:Federal holidays
6767:household income
6700:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6500:
6499:
6438:Anti-Americanism
6362:Special district
6289:Independent city
6258:County executive
6241:
6240:
6035:Attorney general
5994:
5993:
5983:Federal District
5566:Executive Office
5546:
5545:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5293:populated places
5273:federal enclaves
5268:federal district
5246:
5245:
5109:American Century
5092:Great Depression
5087:Roaring Twenties
5047:Women's suffrage
4926:Halifax Resolves
4919:Founding Fathers
4914:military history
4879:Pre-colonial era
4803:
4802:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4735:
4728:
4582:
4581:
4523:
4508:
4507:
4467:Political status
4417:
4407:
4406:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4360:
4342:
4287:
4286:
4265:
4264:
4096:
4095:
4024:Military history
3954:
3953:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3907:
3906:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3726:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3444:
3438:
3437:, March 16, 2012
3426:
3420:
3419:
3418:. March 2, 2022.
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3357:. June 27, 2018.
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3279:. March 28, 2019
3267:
3261:
3260:
3259:. March 2, 2017.
3257:Florida Politics
3249:
3243:
3242:
3241:. June 12, 2017.
3231:
3225:
3224:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3205:. July 30, 2020.
3195:
3189:
3188:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3169:. March 2, 2022.
3159:
3153:
3152:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2830:www.lexjuris.com
2822:
2816:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2626:. Miami Herald.
2615:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2568:. Archived from
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2507:. August 5, 2013
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2435:on May 22, 2014.
2434:
2428:. Archived from
2423:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2271:US History Scene
2263:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1947:. Archived from
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1917:. Archived from
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1816:
1805:
1800:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1770:
1764:
1756:
1750:
1742:
1736:
1722:
1716:
1702:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1674:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1605:. Archived from
1595:
1589:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1556:
1550:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1507:
1501:
1487:
1481:
1473:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1396:
1357:Anthony Gonzalez
1353:Andrew Garbarino
1330:
1324:
1307:
1203:Boricua Ahora Es
1080:Stephanie Murphy
888:free association
722:Luis Muñoz Marin
653:free association
567:
560:
553:
536:
535:
478:Political status
299:Tatito Hernández
243:José Luis Dalmau
48:
32:
31:
21:
7555:
7554:
7550:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7544:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7503:
7501:
7489:
7479:
7477:
7467:
7465:
7457:
7455:
7450:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7406:
7392:Opioid epidemic
7309:Native American
7289:intersex rights
7240:
7236:Life expectancy
7226:Medical deserts
7216:Race and health
7113:
7099:Personal income
7045:
6949:National anthem
6782:personal income
6747:Economic issues
6681:
6633:
6481:
6381:
6370:School district
6356:
6339:Minor divisions
6333:
6272:
6230:
6169:
6155:Statutory codes
6136:
6099:
6076:
5986:
5981:
5968:
5903:
5860:civil liberties
5841:
5832:Other tribunals
5811:District courts
5763:
5722:current members
5705:current members
5686:
5620:Law enforcement
5518:
5231:
5180:
5171:Great Recession
5042:Progressive Era
5032:Native genocide
4963:Perpetual Union
4951:Treaty of Paris
4909:United Colonies
4867:
4792:
4786:
4756:
4751:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4711:
4702:Public holidays
4633:
4567:
4521:
4493:
4415:
4388:
4382:
4374:
4366:
4358:
4340:
4320:
4276:
4252:
4241:Grande de Loiza
4177:Caja de Muertos
4081:
4033:
4029:Women's history
3943:
3934:
3904:
3899:
3868:
3852:
3799:
3778:Civil liberties
3773:
3770:
3733:
3723:
3707:
3705:Further reading
3702:
3692:
3690:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3605:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3445:
3441:
3427:
3423:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3203:National Review
3197:
3196:
3192:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3151:. May 17, 2012.
3143:
3142:
3138:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
3001:www.nbcnews.com
2993:
2989:
2976:
2974:
2964:
2960:
2950:
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2939:
2938:
2934:
2924:
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2893:
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2870:
2866:
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2849:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2616:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2232:
2228:
2215:
2213:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2172:Washington Post
2163:
2159:
2140:
2136:
2113:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1817:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1739:
1723:
1719:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1489:Juan Gonzalez.
1488:
1484:
1474:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1331:
1327:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1223:
1195:Pedro Pierluisi
1136:
1116:
1094:, U.S. Senator
1052:
1035:United States.
1016:
996:Washington D.C.
977:Hurricane Maria
968:
962:
960:2020 referendum
950:
944:
927:
921:
919:2017 referendum
898:requesting the
873:
870:
864:
862:2012 referendum
855:
849:
847:1998 referendum
832:
826:
824:1967 referendum
802:
796:
754:electoral votes
734:
690:Treaty of Paris
682:
676:
589:) aims to make
571:
542:
530:
517:
516:
480:
470:
469:
425:
417:
416:
402:
392:
391:
380:Proyect Dignity
345:
337:
336:
327:
317:
316:
308:Ramón Luis Cruz
295:Minority Leader
277:Majority Leader
222:Minority Leader
204:Majority Leader
163:
153:
152:
96:
86:
85:
81:Puerto Rico law
66:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7553:
7543:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7512:
7511:
7499:
7487:
7475:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7448:
7443:
7436:
7435:
7428:
7420:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7388:
7387:
7377:
7376:
7375:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7348:Mass shootings
7345:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7336:Climate change
7333:
7323:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7274:Discrimination
7271:
7266:
7265:
7264:
7254:
7248:
7246:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7187:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7129:
7123:
7121:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7064:American Dream
7061:
7055:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7031:Transportation
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6964:Mount Rushmore
6961:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6904:
6899:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6850:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6816:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6708:
6706:
6693:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6643:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6584:Federal budget
6581:
6576:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6522:Communications
6519:
6514:
6503:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6443:exceptionalism
6440:
6430:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6421:foreign policy
6413:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6396:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6366:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6343:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6249:
6247:
6238:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6189:
6183:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6146:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6118:Chief justices
6113:Supreme courts
6109:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6086:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6002:
6000:
5991:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5952:National Guard
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5913:
5911:
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5855:Bill of Rights
5851:
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5825:list of judges
5822:
5820:list of courts
5808:
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5804:list of judges
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5739:Capitol Police
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4111:Bahía de Ponce
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3731:External links
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2121:Party Politics
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2017:
1987:
1975:www.census.gov
1962:
1945:64.185.222.182
1932:
1915:64.185.222.182
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684:Following the
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633:lies with the
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5782:Chief Justice
5780:
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5777:Supreme Court
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878:: statehood,
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701:U.S. Congress
699:In 1900, the
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495:Sovereigntism
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465:Insular Cases
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304:Minority Whip
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296:
293:
291:
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286:Majority Whip
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263:Johnny Méndez
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7363:Human rights
7343:Gun politics
7294:Islamophobia
7284:antisemitism
7152:Hospice care
7094:Middle class
7074:Homelessness
7051:Social class
7011:Social class
6875:Human rights
6865:Homelessness
6777:middle class
6742:Demographics
6717:Architecture
6624:Unemployment
6604:Labor unions
6352:Town meeting
6329:City council
6324:City manager
6065:State police
5927:Marine Corps
5917:Armed Forces
5892:civil rights
5872:Constitution
5444:Southwestern
5439:Southeastern
5429:Northwestern
5424:Northeastern
5389:Mid-Atlantic
5379:Great Plains
5097:World War II
4980:Constitution
4884:Colonial era
4863:2008–present
4647:Architecture
4599:Demographics
4471:
4422:Constitution
4416:(government)
4352:Monito gecko
4192:Isla de Mona
4121:San Juan Bay
4116:Mayagüez Bay
4004:World War II
3964:Pre-Columbus
3712:
3691:. Retrieved
3686:El Nuevo Día
3684:
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3661:(in Spanish)
3658:El Nuevo Día
3656:
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3628:
3618:
3606:. Retrieved
3601:El Nuevo Día
3599:
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3574:the original
3567:
3558:
3546:. Retrieved
3542:the original
3532:
3520:. Retrieved
3516:the original
3509:
3500:
3488:. Retrieved
3486:(in Spanish)
3483:Primera Hora
3481:
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3457:(in Spanish)
3454:El Nuevo Día
3452:
3442:
3432:
3424:
3415:
3406:
3396:February 27,
3394:. Retrieved
3390:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3333:. Retrieved
3328:
3319:
3307:. Retrieved
3302:
3293:
3281:. Retrieved
3274:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3166:
3157:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3121:
3115:. July 2024.
3110:
3101:
3087:
3078:
3069:
3055:
3033:(1): 12–19.
3030:
3026:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
3000:
2990:
2982:
2977:December 18,
2975:. Retrieved
2971:
2961:
2951:December 18,
2949:. Retrieved
2944:
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2914:
2905:
2899:Congress.gov
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2845:
2835:February 24,
2833:. Retrieved
2829:
2820:
2812:the original
2807:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2782:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2732:Congress.gov
2731:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2654:the original
2644:
2634:February 24,
2632:. Retrieved
2624:Miami Herald
2623:
2596:. Retrieved
2587:
2578:
2570:the original
2563:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2531:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2499:
2489:December 15,
2487:. Retrieved
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2451:the original
2441:
2430:the original
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2343:Nohlen, p555
2339:
2324:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:
2291:
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1341:Rodney Davis
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1142:Congressman
1117:
1104:Albert Bryan
1068:Barack Obama
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1053:
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5942:Space Force
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5487:Red (South)
5477:Mississippi
5399:New England
5335:Appalachian
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5082:World War I
5077:Imperialism
5027:Indian Wars
5002:War of 1812
4614:LGBT rights
4538:Real estate
4515:Agriculture
4427:Debt crisis
4155:Dry forests
4039:Immigration
4014:Vietnam War
3999:World War I
3979:Foraker Act
3937:Puerto Rico
3857:Think tanks
3693:January 15,
3665:January 15,
3636:January 15,
3608:January 15,
3580:January 15,
3548:January 15,
3522:January 15,
3490:January 15,
3461:January 15,
2763:November 6,
2712:November 5,
2686:January 22,
2660:January 19,
2588:GovTrack.us
2457:November 7,
2406:Nohlen 2005
2394:Nohlen 2005
2306:October 13,
2301:www.cia.gov
2248:October 27,
2056:www.loc.gov
1941:"CEE Event"
1911:"CEE Event"
1895:November 8,
1866:November 8,
1369:David Joyce
1312:Foraker Act
1185:and former
1118:During the
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1084:Darren Soto
1076:Steny Hoyer
1060:Mitt Romney
931:budget bill
840:Puerto Rico
807:Foraker Act
780:apportioned
742:Connecticut
705:Foraker Act
635:US Congress
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230:Juan Dalmau
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7519:Categories
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7191:Disability
7132:Healthcare
7041:Visual art
6986:Philosophy
6932:television
6922:newspapers
6912:journalism
6902:Literature
6814:attainment
6465:Republican
6460:Democratic
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6394:Corruption
5959:NOAA Corps
5882:preemption
5877:federalism
5492:Rio Grande
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5374:West Coast
5369:East Coast
5212:Inventions
5124:Space Race
5119:Korean War
5102:home front
5037:Gilded Age
4687:Literature
4522:(currency)
4294:Amphibians
4133:Crash Boat
3957:Chronology
2857:January 7,
2511:August 16,
1734:0815651082
1403:References
1393:Fred Upton
1381:Bill Posey
1373:John Katko
1337:Liz Cheney
1228:51st state
1114:Opposition
1092:Rick Scott
894:enacted a
798:See also:
674:Background
510:Status quo
148:First Lady
7385:Terrorism
7162:Rationing
7059:Affluence
7006:Sexuality
6974:Uncle Sam
6880:Languages
6809:Education
6752:affluence
6712:Americana
6639:Transport
6537:Insurance
6527:Companies
6507:By sector
6399:Elections
6040:Treasurer
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5937:Air Force
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5732:President
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5320:Mountains
5253:Territory
5241:Geography
5065:1954–1968
5060:1896–1954
5055:1865–1896
5017:Civil War
4858:1991–2008
4853:1980–1991
4848:1964–1980
4843:1945–1964
4838:1917–1945
4833:1865–1917
4828:1849–1865
4823:1815–1849
4818:1789–1815
4813:1776–1789
4806:By period
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4558:Transport
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4091:Geography
3805:Political
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3511:El Vocero
3047:1071-4839
2925:March 29,
2598:April 18,
2544:April 18,
2321:Nohlen, D
2036:April 29,
1333:Don Bacon
1072:Don Young
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344:Elections
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7497:Politics
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6959:Columbia
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6848:Folklore
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5769:Judicial
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5528:Politics
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5434:Southern
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4589:Abortion
4452:Military
4432:Governor
4402:Politics
4367:(parrot)
4316:Reptiles
4219:San Juan
4209:Mayagüez
4182:Desecheo
4143:Flamenco
4138:El Tuque
4057:Corsican
3941:articles
3630:The Hill
3329:The Hill
3283:June 23,
3276:NBC News
3149:MPR News
3006:June 20,
2919:Archived
2897: at
2757:Archived
2706:Archived
2680:Archived
2628:Archived
2592:Archived
2565:Fox News
2538:Archived
2533:Fox News
2480:Archived
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2275:Archived
2210:Archived
2091:Archived
2060:Archived
2004:Archived
1837:June 11,
1831:Archived
1221:See also
1201:(ALAS),
1191:Governor
1122:for the
1100:Jeb Bush
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979:and the
902:and the
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7026:Theater
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6831:Fashion
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6732:Cuisine
6704:Culture
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6579:Exports
6557:Tourism
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4639:Culture
4577:Society
4563:Welfare
4553:Tourism
4520:Dollar
4503:Economy
4326:Endemic
4311:Mammals
4304:Vieques
4261:Ecology
4172:Islands
4150:Forests
4128:Beaches
4103:Barrios
4052:Chinese
4047:African
3949:History
3434:CNN.com
3309:May 26,
2972:Reuters
2880:May 16,
2327:, p552
2323:(2005)
2281:June 9,
2097:June 9,
2066:June 6,
2010:June 6,
1955:June 9,
1925:June 9,
1638:History
1152:Spanish
794:History
664:sat out
597:of the
583:Spanish
259:Speaker
106:Cabinet
7446:Portal
7353:Hunger
7304:racism
7245:Issues
7119:Health
7021:Sports
6981:People
6826:Family
6797:wealth
6722:Cinema
6547:Mining
6532:Energy
6277:Cities
6245:County
6179:Tribal
5717:Senate
5561:powers
5457:rivers
5330:ranges
5298:states
5222:Postal
4747:Portal
4707:Sports
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4383:(fish)
4359:(fish)
4341:(frog)
4231:Rivers
4077:Jewish
4067:German
4062:French
3939:
3719:
3416:PR51st
3335:May 2,
3045:
2788:May 3,
2737:May 3,
2426:CEEPUR
2377:
2331:
1732:
1712:
1497:
1463:
1391:, and
1025:Senate
992:shadow
177:Senate
7432:Index
7257:Crime
7127:Aging
6944:Names
6939:Music
6927:radio
6907:Media
6737:Dance
6727:Crime
6562:Trade
6319:Mayor
6268:Clerk
6236:Local
5978:State
5497:Yukon
5340:Rocky
5325:peaks
4733:Index
4697:Music
4692:Media
4594:Crime
4299:Birds
4282:Fauna
4214:Ponce
4107:Bays
4072:Irish
2808:Nodal
2483:(PDF)
2476:(PDF)
2433:(PDF)
2422:(PDF)
1522:(PDF)
1297:Notes
1189:(now
882:, or
769:House
625:, or
595:state
6996:Race
6841:list
6836:Flag
6375:list
6219:list
6130:list
6070:list
6023:list
6011:list
5987:and
5932:Navy
5922:Army
5792:list
5504:Time
5384:Gulf
4682:Flag
3890:MIDA
3818:FUPI
3717:ISBN
3695:2013
3667:2013
3638:2013
3610:2013
3582:2013
3550:2013
3524:2013
3492:2013
3463:2013
3398:2019
3337:2018
3311:2023
3303:WMNF
3285:2021
3043:ISSN
3008:2023
2979:2022
2953:2022
2927:2021
2882:2020
2859:2020
2837:2021
2790:2020
2765:2019
2739:2020
2714:2017
2688:2014
2662:2014
2636:2017
2600:2014
2546:2014
2513:2013
2491:2012
2459:2012
2329:ISBN
2308:2013
2283:2016
2250:2020
2218:2017
2185:2017
2154:(1).
2152:2023
2099:2016
2068:2016
2038:2024
2012:2016
1982:2023
1957:2016
1927:2016
1897:2012
1868:2012
1839:2017
1730:ISBN
1710:ISBN
1650:2021
1571:2021
1530:2021
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1461:ISBN
577:The
62:and
6895:ASL
6142:Law
5847:Law
5665:TSA
5650:ICE
5645:FBI
5640:DEA
5630:CBP
5625:ATF
4946:War
4652:Art
4543:Tax
4442:Law
3035:doi
2375:PMC
2367:doi
2125:doi
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