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392:
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1443:" . He hurriedly sent Baron Karl von Gravenreuth to Paris with instructions to reject a confederation which he said gave to the Protector a power "more extensive than the Emperor of Germany ever had". Von Gravenreuth was detained long enough at the French border so that when he finally arrived in Paris all the other princes had signed. He therefore found it unadvisable to deliver the King’s views on the matter. In the words of Enno E. Kraehe: "Only by such crude methods was Napoleon able at last to found the Confederation of the Rhine".
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suggested that the rulers of the
Confederation of the Rhine were made revolutionaries by Napoleon himself. Opposition to the emperor would have been possible only by renouncing the power that he had given to them. "He had not made satellites which were politically incapable of action and forced to be
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at that time. They had to pay a very high price for their new status, however. The
Confederation was above all a military alliance; the member states had to maintain substantial armies for mutual defense and supply France with large numbers of military personnel. As events played out, the members
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The formation of the
Confederation of the Rhine was not altogether a voluntary option for its future member states. Negotiations between France and the princes who had been selected by Napoleon to be members of the future alliance had been dragging on for the first six months of 1806 when Napoleon
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After
Prussia lost to France in 1806, Napoleon cajoled most of the secondary states of Germany into the Confederation of the Rhine. Eventually, an additional 23 German states joined the Confederation. It was at its largest in 1808, when it included 36 states—four kingdoms, five grand duchies, 13
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redrew the continent's political map. Napoleonic creations such as the huge
Kingdom of Westphalia, the Grand Duchy of Berg and the Duchy of Würzburg were abolished; suppressed states, including Hanover, the Brunswick duchies, Hesse-Kassel and Oldenburg, were reinstated. On the other hand, most
1717:
A third group formed the states that joined after 1806. These included the numerous smaller northern and central German territories, except for Saxony. In these, the internal changes were minimal. The reforms remained significantly limited in these states. However, there were also considerable
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to sign the treaty of the new alliance, whose terms had been decided between him and
Napoleon. This caused consternation among the envoys given that the terms were far more onerous for the princes than what had been expected. They all protested that they were not empowered to sign before their
1542:
of the confederation found themselves more subordinated to
Napoleon than they had been to the Habsburgs when they were within the Holy Roman Empire. In order to add luster to his newly-founded dynasty, the French Emperor pressed hard to arrange a marriage between his step-son
1685:
until 1813. Because of the collapse of the
Napoleonic supremacy, this position could no longer justify its own existence. These new foundations were intended to serve as a model for the remaining Rhine federal states through their legal and social policies, such as the
2835:
opposing
Napoleon dissolved the Confederation of the Rhine on 4 November 1813. After its demise, the only attempt at political coordination in Germany until the creation on 8 June 1815 of the German Confederation was a body called the Central Administration Council
768:. They were later joined by 19 others, altogether ruling a total of over 15 million people. This granted a significant strategic advantage to the French Empire on its eastern frontier by providing a buffer between France and the two largest German states,
1472:" was a hereditary office of the Emperor of the French, Napoleon. On 1 August, as the treaty compelled them to do, the members of the confederation formally seceded from the Holy Roman Empire, and on 6 August, following an ultimatum by Napoleon,
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and Berg to that of grand duchy. With French encouragement, the vestiges of small
Imperial estates in the region were annexed. This reorganisation of the right bank of the Rhine laid the groundwork for the Confederation of the Rhine.
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255:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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Both French influence and internal autonomy varied greatly throughout the confederations' existence. There was also a great variation between the power and influence of the individual states. There are three basic types:
1439:, who alone among the princes had been sent a copy of the proposed treaty, was aghast. Among other things, Bavaria would lose control of its foreign policy which would now be in the hands of Napoleon, the "
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had been annexed outright by the French Empire. Thus, as either emperor of the French or protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Napoleon was now the overlord of all of Germany except Austria,
871:. He also worked toward establishing an alliance with Baden, Bavaria and Württemberg. Francis II had to assent to the elevation of both Bavaria and Württemberg to the rank of kingdom and Baden,
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members of the Confederation of the Rhine located in central and southern Germany survived with minor border changes. They, along with the reinstated states, Prussia, and Austria, formed the
800:
territories east of the Rhine were absorbed by larger states. Over three million people were affected by this change. All ecclesiastical territories save one were secularized and most
3701:
1709:. These were not dependent areas but in many ways Napoleon's true allies. Although these states took inspiration from the French model, they also went their own way. The historian
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princess in 1804 but it’s only in 1806, following his elevation to the status of king, that Max Joseph gave in to Napoleon’s pressure. Other royal marriages were arranged between
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According to the treaty, the confederation was to be run by common constitutional bodies, but the individual states (in particular the larger ones) wanted unlimited
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17:
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in 1805, Napoleon could significantly reassert his position in the German states. Furthermore, Austria had to concede territory and Napoleon named his brothers
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32:
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decided to rush things. On 12 July, the Paris envoys of the various princes were summoned to the ministry of Foreign Affairs to find themselves instructed by
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designed to be a parliament-like body although it never actually assembled. The President of the Council of the Princes was the Prince of Nassau-Usingen.
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1743:
The following table shows the members of the confederation, with their date of joining, as well as the number of troops provided, listed in parentheses.
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275:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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1730:, on the other hand, Minister Ernst Franz Ludwig Marshal von Bieberstein ensured moderate administrative modernization and the introduction of
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shortly afterward. The Confederation of the Rhine lasted for only seven years, from 1806 to 1813, dissolving after Napoleon's defeat in the
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became kingdoms. Several member states were also enlarged with the absorption of the territories of Imperial counts and knights who were
1469:
1440:
833:
499:
173:
126:
81:
145:
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4142:
3161:
1431:
1409:
405:
152:
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968:
4167:
3799:
1349:
1280:
1213:
3172:
159:
754:
548:
4137:
3934:
1402:
1176:
944:
260:
3570:
3356:
1315:
1109:
964:
283:
141:
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masters authorized them to do so, but Talleyrand compelled them to sign then and there and so they did under duress.
331:
192:
95:
3055:, in The Bee and the Eagle: Napoleonic France at the End of the Holy Roman Empire, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, p. 102.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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In 1810 large parts of what is now northwest Germany were quickly annexed to France in order to better monitor the
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The first group formed the "Model States", which were mostly ruled by relatives of Napoleon. These include the
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obedient through use of force, but real allies who followed in his well-understood policy reasons of state."
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1476:, who had already proclaimed himself Emperor of Austria in 1804, declared the Holy Roman Empire dissolved.
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954:
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The Confederation of the Rhine collapsed in 1813, in the aftermath of Napoleon's failed invasion of the
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1940:
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924:
829:
758:
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3542:
3040:
2083:
1972:
4152:
4147:
4082:
3207:
2785:
998:
994:
929:
844:
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3537:
2051:
1698:
4020:
4013:
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1976:
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291:
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560:
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benefited the most from these changes. The disappearance of ecclesiastical territories meant the
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Union of Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg, both co-founders; annexed by France 13 December 1810 (323)
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3482:
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2761:
2234:
1599:
1139:
1033:
785:
437:
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of the confederation. As such, he was President of the College of Kings and presided over the
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on the one side and France on the other, Bavaria, Baden and Wurttemberg allied with Napoleon.
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Hans A. Schmitt. "Germany Without Prussia: A Closer Look at the Confederation of the Rhine".
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lost important political support. The end of the crippled Holy Roman Empire was foreseeable.
312:
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3909:
3904:
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3492:
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3331:
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2617:
2593:
1820:
1706:
1702:
1551:
1538:
1522:
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Napoleonische Herrschafts- und Gesellschaftspolitik im Königreich Westfalen 1807–1813
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In return for their support of Napoleon, some rulers were given higher statuses:
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occupied by France, a new order of Central European states was established. The
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English translation of the treaty establishing the Confederation of the Rhine
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French version of the treaty establishing the Confederation of the Rhine
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Metternich’s German Policy, Vol. I: The Contest With Napoleon, 1799–1814
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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in 1808, and then by Napoleon himself. The third model state was the
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The founding members of the confederation were German princes of the
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and Austria (which also controlled substantial non-German lands).
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Chart for the structure of the Confederation as projected in 1806
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to this template: there are already 1,898 articles in the
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Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, 12 July, 1806
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Von der französischen Revolution bis zum Wiener Kongress.
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On signing the Treaty of the Confederation of the Rhine (
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Heinrich Friedrich Karl Reichsfreiherr vom und zum Stein
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om Staatenbund zum Nationalstaat: Deutschland 1806–1871
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a machine-translated version of the German article.
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1640:, when it became apparent Napoleon would lose the
828:in 1804 to counter the loss of prestige. When the
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596:• Treaty of the Confederation of the Rhine
3069:. Göttingen/Zürich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
3053:A Matter of Survival: Bavaria Becomes a Kingdom
2850:(1757–1831). It was dissolved on 20 June 1815.
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1991:
1749:Member states of the Confederation of the Rhine
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2221:Co-founder; mediatized 13 December 1810 (379)
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1819:
1636:. Many of its members changed sides after the
1460:of sovereign states (the treaty called it the
290:accompanying your translation by providing an
235:Click for important translation instructions.
222:expand this article with text translated from
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1883:
1410:
3015:, Princeton Legacy Library, 2016 , p. 48-49.
1462:
1278:
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832:broke out in 1805, with Russia, Austria and
365:
351:
1693:The second group were the reform states of
792:led to a radical transformation within the
96:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4158:States and territories established in 1806
3702:
3688:
3195:
3181:
1417:
1403:
404:
3431:Europe at the height of Napoleon's Empire
3002:Oldenbourg: Munich, 2001, pp. 83–84.
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2964:
2962:
2786:Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
2484:Annexed by France 13 December 1810 (800)
332:Learn how and when to remove this message
193:Learn how and when to remove this message
3129:"The First Treaty of Paris, 30 May 1814"
2857:declared the German states independent.
2259:Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
1648:Types of states within the Confederation
1478:
27:Napoleonic union of German client states
18:States of the Confederation of the Rhine
3064:
2889:List of French possessions and colonies
863:, respectively, and his brother-in-law
14:
4130:
3000:Vom Ancien Regime zum Wiener Kongress.
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2762:Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2235:Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
1456:), 16 German states joined in a loose
410:The Confederation of the Rhine in 1812
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1598:. The west bank of the Rhine and the
4163:Client states of the Napoleonic Wars
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755:dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
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131:adding citations to reliable sources
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61:
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1951:Co-founder; in personal union with
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1718:differences among these states. In
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3082:Liberalismus als regierende Partei
25:
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1437:King Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria
753:. Its creation brought about the
77:This article has multiple issues.
4143:1813 disestablishments in Europe
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3024:For the treaty (in French), see
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2738:Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
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348:Confederated States of the Rhine
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2810:Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont
2498:Principality of Reuss-Ebersdorf
1177:German revolutions of 1848–1849
118:needs additional citations for
85:or discuss these issues on the
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3018:
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1913:Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt
1470:Protector of the Confederation
1441:Protector of the Confederation
741:some months after he defeated
300:You may also add the template
13:
1:
4168:1806 establishments in Europe
2989:Munich, 1974, pp. 74–78.
2570:Principality of Reuss-Schleiz
2407:Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2383:Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2359:Principality of Lippe-Detmold
2335:Principality of Liechtenstein
1960:Principality of Aschaffenburg
790:Final Imperial Recess of 1803
775:
737:established at the behest of
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142:"Confederation of the Rhine"
7:
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2522:Principality of Reuss-Greiz
2460:, both co-founders (1,680)
1491:. Instead of a monarchical
302:{{Translated|de|Rheinbund}}
272:will aid in categorization.
10:
4184:
4138:Confederation of the Rhine
3712:Confederation of the Rhine
3463:Confederation of the Rhine
3167:Confederation of the Rhine
1941:Principality of Regensburg
1669:was first administered by
1642:War of the Sixth Coalition
1182:North German Confederation
1152:Confederation of the Rhine
830:War of the Third Coalition
759:War of the Sixth Coalition
723:Confederation of the Rhine
247:Machine translation, like
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2976:6, No. 4 (1983), pp 9–39.
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224:the corresponding article
3065:Berding, Helmut (1973).
2928:États confédérés du Rhin
2924:Rheinische Bundesstaaten
2904:
2283:Principality of Isenburg
2139:Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg
1977:Grand Duchy of Frankfurt
1679:Grand Duchy of Frankfurt
1568:Catharina of Württemberg
1556:Stéphanie de Beauharnais
1497:Karl Theodor von Dalberg
1464:États confédérés du Rhin
367:États confédérés du Rhin
353:Rheinische Bundesstaaten
3518:Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck
3041:Encyclopædia Britannica
2894:List of German monarchs
2690:Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
2084:Grand Duchy of Würzburg
808:. Besides Prussia, the
620:• Dissolved after
311:For more guidance, see
2998:Elisabeth Fehrenbach,
2843:
2187:Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen
2163:Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
2125:Notes and troop count
2052:Kingdom of Württemberg
1807:Notes and troop count
1774:1808 (greatest extent)
1600:Principality of Erfurt
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1453:
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1165:
1034:Linear Pottery culture
786:left bank of the Rhine
721:, simply known as the
366:
352:
3169:on Napoleon Guide.com
3133:www.historyhome.co.uk
2974:German Studies Review
2944:Confédération du Rhin
2846:); its president was
2844:Zentralverwaltungsrat
2307:Principality of Leyen
2099:Grand duke of Tuscany
2025:Kingdom of Westphalia
1895:Co-founder; absorbed
1659:Kingdom of Westphalia
1544:Eugène de Beauharnais
1508:of the Confederation,
1482:
960:Territorial evolution
841:victory at Austerlitz
444:Common languages
313:Knowledge:Translation
284:copyright attribution
3983:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3978:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3208:French Revolutionary
2867:German Confederation
2714:Duchy of Saxe-Weimar
2618:Duchy of Saxe-Coburg
2594:Principality of Salm
2097:creation for former
1964:Prince-Archbishopric
1821:Grand Duchy of Baden
1296:Expulsion of Germans
1262:Contemporary Germany
1160:German Confederation
814:Duchy of Württemberg
802:free imperial cities
751:Battle of Austerlitz
677:German Confederation
127:improve this article
3413:Swiss Confederation
2884:League of the Rhine
2853:On 30 May 1814 the
2642:Duchy of Saxe-Gotha
2317:Co-founder; former
2103:Elector of Salzburg
2062:Co-founder; former
1923:Co-founder; former
1885:Grand Duchy of Berg
1863:Co-founder; former
1831:Co-founder; former
1732:religious tolerance
1667:Grand Duchy of Berg
1110:Early Modern period
1097:Eastward settlement
810:Electorate of Baden
782:Treaty of Lunéville
727:Rhine Confederation
397:Commemorative medal
44: /
3571:Lucca and Piombino
2879:History of Germany
2862:Congress of Vienna
2860:In 1814–1815, the
2474:Duchy of Oldenburg
2112:College of Princes
2038:creation (25,000)
1853:Kingdom of Bavaria
1627:Continental System
1548:Augusta of Bavaria
1485:
1390:History portal
1376:Germany portal
1127:Kingdom of Prussia
1087:Kingdom of Germany
1059:Barbarian kingdoms
869:Grand Duke of Berg
845:Peace of Pressburg
843:and the resultant
826:Emperor of Austria
824:took the title of
292:interlanguage link
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3099:. pp. 23–24.
2910:Explanatory notes
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2321:or graviate (29)
2293:Co-founder (291)
2269:Co-founder (193)
2211:Duchy of Arenberg
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1993:Kingdom of Saxony
1970:; after 1810 the
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1638:Battle of Leipzig
1612:Swedish Pomerania
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514:• 1806–1813
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1564:Jérôme Bonaparte
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220:You can help
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186:
183:November 2023
175:
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144: –
143:
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138:Find sources:
132:
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116:This article
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53:50.117; 8.683
19:
4004:Hohenzollern
3887:Pre-existing
3711:
3462:
3352:Transpadania
3136:. Retrieved
3132:
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2899:West Germany
2859:
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2122:Year joined
1925:landgraviate
1804:Year joined
1742:
1651:
1631:
1616:
1578:, seventeen
1572:
1512:
1504:
1486:
1461:
1445:
1428:
1244:World War II
1234:Nazi Germany
1195:German Reich
1151:
1122:18th century
1117:Sectionalism
1082:East Francia
838:
779:
763:
726:
722:
718:
716:
646:Succeeded by
645:
640:
600:12 July 1806
556:• 1813
487:Confederated
328:
288:edit summary
279:
259:
229:
221:
189:
180:
170:
163:
156:
149:
137:
125:Please help
120:verification
117:
93:
86:
80:
79:Please help
76:
29:
4073:Schwarzburg
4014:Sigmaringen
3749:Württemberg
3714:(1806–1813)
3624:Netherlands
3538:Württemberg
3385:Switzerland
3367:Netherlands
3327:Parthenopea
3214:(1792–1815)
2816:11 Apr 1807
2792:11 Apr 1807
2768:11 Apr 1807
2744:11 Apr 1807
2720:15 Dec 1806
2696:15 Dec 1806
2672:15 Dec 1806
2648:15 Dec 1806
2624:15 Dec 1806
2600:25 Jul 1806
2576:11 Apr 1807
2552:11 Apr 1807
2528:11 Apr 1807
2504:11 Apr 1807
2480:14 Oct 1808
2437:12 Jul 1806
2413:18 Feb 1808
2389:22 Mar 1808
2365:11 Apr 1807
2341:12 Jul 1806
2313:12 Jul 1806
2289:12 Jul 1806
2265:12 Jul 1806
2241:12 Jul 1806
2217:12 Jul 1806
2193:11 Apr 1807
2169:11 Apr 1807
2145:11 Apr 1807
2090:23 Sep 1806
2058:12 Jul 1806
2031:15 Nov 1807
1999:11 Dec 1806
1962:; formerly
1947:12 Jul 1806
1919:12 Jul 1806
1891:12 Jul 1806
1859:12 Jul 1806
1833:margraviate
1827:12 Jul 1806
1720:Mecklenburg
1711:Lothar Gall
1699:Württemberg
1552:Wittelsbach
1531:Württemberg
1489:sovereignty
1214:World War I
1140:Unification
1076:Middle Ages
1011:Württemberg
991:Family tree
899:History of
796:. Some 112
641:Preceded by
571:Legislature
459:Catholicism
51: /
4132:Categories
4118:until 1811
4112:until 1809
4109:until 1810
4078:Rudolstadt
4051:Lobenstein
3874:Regensburg
3822:Westphalia
3586:Pontecorvo
3528:Westphalia
3503:Regensburg
3439:Napoleonic
3342:Subalpinia
3302:Cispadania
3297:Cisalpinia
2942:; French:
2926:; French:
2095:Napoleonic
2068:electorate
2036:Napoleonic
2009:electorate
1968:Electorate
1869:electorate
1837:electorate
1539:mediatized
1474:Francis II
1432:Talleyrand
1354:since 1990
1337:New states
1281:Ostgebiete
1274:Occupation
1167:Zollverein
1015:Mediatised
925:Chronology
839:After the
822:Francis II
804:underwent
780:After the
776:Background
733:of German
610:dissolved
519:Napoleon I
483:Government
474:Demonym(s)
153:newspapers
82:improve it
4115:from 1809
4106:from 1810
4041:Ebersdorf
4009:Hechingen
3988:Oldenburg
3920:Meiningen
3843:Frankfurt
3488:Frankfurt
3442:creations
3347:Tiberinia
3223:republics
3095:Siemann.
2953:Citations
2940:Rheinbund
2839:‹See Tfd›
2827:Aftermath
2442:Union of
2319:countship
2070:(12,000)
2011:(20,000)
1871:(30,000)
1606:, Danish
1586:towns of
1517:, Hesse,
1449:‹See Tfd›
1323:1949–1990
1300:1944–1950
1248:1939–1945
1238:1933–1945
1228:1918–1933
1218:1914–1918
1208:1871–1918
983:Empresses
880:Formation
855:kings of
798:immediate
500:Protector
452:Religion
438:Frankfurt
383:1806–1813
306:talk page
258:Consider
226:in German
88:talk page
4021:Isenburg
3973:Arenberg
3956:Bernburg
3930:Eisenach
3848:Würzburg
3815:Kingdoms
3732:Kingdoms
3724:Napoleon
3543:Würzburg
3403:Rauracia
3393:Helvetia
3332:Piedmont
3256:Connacht
3113:Archived
2938:German:
2922:German:
2873:See also
2842:German:
2652:(1,100)
2393:(1,900)
2105:(2,000)
1927:(4,000)
1839:(8,000)
1608:Holstein
1468:. The "
1452:German:
1316:division
975:Monarchs
935:Military
890:a series
888:Part of
812:and the
739:Napoleon
729:, was a
282:provide
4090:Waldeck
4056:Schleiz
3779:Duchies
3739:Bavaria
3630:Holland
3591:Tuscany
3561:Etruria
3533:Wetzlar
3473:Bavaria
3450:Germany
3398:Lemania
3375:Batavia
3317:Liguria
3292:Brescia
3287:Bologna
3282:Bergamo
3250:Ireland
3232:Germany
3206:of the
3037:Germany
2003:Former
1695:Bavaria
1683:Dalberg
1604:Prussia
1588:Hamburg
1576:duchies
1535:Bavaria
1003:Prussia
999:Bavaria
995:Austria
950:Judaism
940:Economy
901:Germany
861:Holland
818:emperor
770:Prussia
749:at the
743:Austria
710:Austria
702:Germany
606:•
478:Rhenish
434:Capital
426:of the
304:to the
286:in the
228:.
167:scholar
36:50°07′N
3966:Köthen
3961:Dessau
3951:Anhalt
3925:Weimar
3889:states
3786:Nassau
3744:Saxony
3651:Danzig
3646:Warsaw
3638:Poland
3581:Naples
3523:Saxony
3483:Erfurt
3408:Valais
3357:Venice
3277:Ancona
3221:Sister
3138:12 May
3080:Gall.
2833:allies
2820:(400)
2796:(325)
2772:(325)
2748:(150)
2724:(800)
2700:(300)
2676:(200)
2628:(400)
2580:(125)
2556:(108)
2532:(117)
2508:(100)
2417:(400)
2369:(500)
2197:(210)
2173:(350)
2149:(240)
1979:(968)
1897:Cleves
1724:Saxony
1705:, and
1675:Naples
1665:. The
1661:under
1625:, the
1610:, and
1596:Bremen
1594:, and
1592:Lübeck
1529:, and
1521:, and
1519:Cleves
1007:Saxony
979:Queens
919:Topics
892:on the
857:Naples
849:Joseph
747:Russia
534:
504:
490:French
416:Status
374:French
370:
360:German
356:
169:
162:
155:
148:
140:
39:8°41′E
4046:Greiz
4036:Reuss
3869:Leyen
3770:Hesse
3765:Baden
3667:Spain
3661:Spain
3614:Egypt
3609:Malta
3566:Italy
3553:Italy
3498:Leyen
3493:Hesse
3468:Baden
3322:Lucca
3312:Italy
3307:Crema
3264:Italy
3240:Mainz
2905:Notes
2064:duchy
2005:duchy
1865:duchy
1703:Baden
1621:with
1584:Hansa
1515:Baden
955:Women
853:Louis
249:DeepL
174:JSTOR
160:books
4063:Salm
3838:Berg
3508:Salm
3478:Berg
3337:Rome
3272:Alba
3210:and
3140:2021
3026:here
2831:The
2451:and
2101:and
1966:and
1786:1812
1762:1806
1722:and
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1523:Berg
1506:Diet
1344:1990
1313:East
1309:West
987:1918
945:LGBT
859:and
851:and
745:and
717:The
575:Diet
280:must
278:You
242:View
146:news
3722:by
3039:at
725:or
422:of
251:or
129:by
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2961:^
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