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136:. Under Delsarte, MacKaye learned to enhance performance through pose and gesture. He would later teach and utilize this system during his career. On his return to the United States a year later, he lectured on the philosophy of ethics and "natural" acting in New York, Boston and elsewhere. In 1873 he became the first American actor to portray
166:, which was privately printed in New York in 1880. The play, while a smash-hit with audiences, received neutral-to-negative response from theatre critics, who criticized its lack of a primary antagonist. In the mid-1880s he helped establish the first school of acting in the United States, the Lyceum Theatre School, which later became the
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170:(AADA). He was also well known for his theatrical innovations, having invented a variety of devices including flame-proof curtains, folding theater seats and the "Nebulator", a machine for creating clouds onstage. In all, he patented over 100 theatrical inventions.
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MacKaye was the author of thirty plays. As a dramatist, MacKaye is seen as representative of the transition from an older theatrical tradition to a newer one, incorporating realism and naturalistic portrayals. His first play to be published was
88:; Steele's mother died when he was young. He had two sisters, Emily MacKaye von Hesse and Sarah MacKaye Warner, and two half-brothers, William Henry MacKaye and Henry Goodwin MacKaye. While young, Steele attended Roe's Military Academy in
72:, theater manager and inventor. Having acted, written, directed and produced numerous and popular plays and theatrical spectaculars of the day, he became one of the most famous actors and theater producers of his generation.
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Steele MacKaye was widely known for being an innovator in theater technology. He patented and invented more than 100 inventions including the
Folding Theater Chair, the Fire Curtain, and the unique Double-Stage System.
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and the
William Leverett Boarding School in Newport. Under the influence from his father, who was also an art connoisseur, MacKaye initially planned to become an artist. During his teens he studied painting with
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208:. After a brief marriage to Jeannie, which ended in divorce, MacKaye married his second wife, Mary K. Medbery, in 1865. The couple had six children, four of whom attained notability: philosopher
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Steele MacKaye fell ill in
February 1894, and his physicians urged him to move to a warmer climate. He left Chicago on February 22 on a private train headed for San Diego. The train was near
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MacKaye, Percy. Epoch: the Life of Steele MacKaye, Genius of the
Theatre, in Relation to His Times & Contemporaries. Vol. 1-2, New York, Boni & Liveright, 1927.
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on
February 25 when MacKaye's health began to rapidly decline up until his death at 7:45 in the morning. His son, Percy, published his father's biography,
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The Double-Stage System was a large elevator-like structure that was used to load scenery on and off of the stage. It was only ever installed in the
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to an overhead-lit theater. This is the first recorded occurrence of an overhead lighting structure in a North-American theater.
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of 1893, he began to construct a theatre capable of seating 10,000 people—the "Spectatorium"—but the
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before an illness forced his retirement. MacKaye would later model in full uniform for
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A History of the New York Stage From the First
Performance in 1732 to 1901, vol. III
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with his family, where he became the disciple of the renowned French acting teacher
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American
Historical Pageantry: The Uses of Tradition in the Early Twentieth Century
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in Paris. He returned to the U.S. in order to serve for the Union Army during the
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84:. His father, Colonel James M. MacKaye, was a successful attorney and an ardent
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Hewitt, Barnard. Theatre U.S.A.. New York, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, Inc., 1959.
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105:. A member of New York's Seventh Regiment, he eventually rose to the rank of
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477:, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2008, accessed 2 September 2008
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A History of the
Theatre in America from Its Beginnings to the Present Time
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deprived the project of necessary funds. The project was left incomplete.
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The
Cultivation of Body and Mind in Nineteenth-century American Delsartism
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502:". (2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on August 28, 2008.
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American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1869–1914
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173:By 1885, MacKaye had established three theaters in
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385:Guide to the Papers of MacKaye Family, 1751–1990
196:MacKaye married Jeannie Spring, the daughter of
258:MacKaye is also responsible for converting the
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550:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 1976.
16:American playwright and inventor (1842–1894)
64:; June 6, 1842 – February 25, 1894) was an
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525:. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.
582:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company.
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327:(1887), originally called
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572:. Chapel Hill: UNC Press.
251:(not to be confused with
578:Hornblow, Arthur. 1919.
568:Glassberg, David. 1990.
521:Hewitt, Barnard (1959).
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