695:
541:; This scene made him reject the notions that a compromise with the enemies of the Commonwealth was a likely or desired outcome. Podhorodecki however notes that another historian, Wojciech Jacek Długołęcki, questions Czarniecki's presence there, and concludes that we have no conclusive proof whether Czarniecki was present at Batoh, The massacre further escalated the hostilities and the surrounding hatred; illustrating that in a letter Czarniecki wrote soon after the battle, in which he promised that if enough military forces are gathered and given to him, he will leave few
169:
2407:
560:. In May 1655 he was called from Ukraine to Warsaw, as the king John Casimir Vasa, respected his experience and requested his presence at a new war council, convened to discuss the looming thread of the war with Sweden. At that time his reputation was significant; Sejm often passed resolutions applauding him for his efforts to reclaim Ukraine, and he was even held in much consideration by the Ottomans, then temporarily allied with the Commonwealth. On 14 May 1655 he received the office of the
278:, Podhorecki points out that they owned several villages and even a small town, and the family wealth was "not small". However, Stefan had ten siblings (he himself was the sixth out of nine brothers), and divided into that many parts, the family resources would be stretched rather thinly. However, involvement with the queen's court allowed Krzysztof to boost his sons' careers with his court influence, where they were often able to serve as young courtiers themselves.
37:
60:
791:
463:
821:", and notes that he was the longest-serving of the major Polish military commanders of his era, that he participated in 27 large battles, commanding 17 of them. He is seen as instrumental in defeating the Swedes during the Deluge, although he was even more successful in his battles against the Russians. His career, rising from a simple noble family to the rank of a hetman and a wealthy magnate, was unprecedented in the Commonwealth's history.
1818:"W poniedziałek, 30 listopada br., w Gryfinie, z udziaem Biskupa Kopenhagi, miały miejsce uroczyste obchody 350. rocznicy przemarszu wojsk Stefana Czarnieckiego, które 7 października 1659 r., pod Gryfinem, przeprawiły się przez Odrę, powracając z Danii. Zobacz galeria zdjęć | Uroczystości 350. rocznicy przeprawy Hetmana Stefana Czarnieckiego pod Gryfinem | Portal Archidiecezji Szczecińsko-Kamieńskiej"
587:
744:) still during the life of the previous king. His reputation among the unpaid and dissenting military took a dive; and many criticized him for appropriating the entire ransom that the Russians paid for their prisoners from Połonka. During the Sejm of 1662 some military representatives demanded sanctions and punishments to be levied on him.
645:
was fought, and his subsequent strategy neutralized the ill effects of this defeat. Despite support from the king, Czarniecki was seen by many older, established noble family as an arrogant newcomer, and they prevented him from getting the hetman office that year; instead early next year he received
623:
against
Swedish troops of Charles X, a type of a campaign he authored, despite the objections of the hetmans, who by that time returned to serve under John Casmimir Vasa. The mobile Swedish forces, even with their significant firepower, proved to be rather vulnerable to Czarniecki's guerrilla-style
662:
family; Czarniecki commented famously that "Not of salt, or fields, I am, but from what hurts me", alluding to the fact that
Lubormirski family built its fortune on salt trade and agriculture, whereas his smaller one was built through military service – yet it was money and politics, not military
398:
that lasted until 1634. During the
Smolensk War he learned Western tactics used by the foreign mercenary troops. In December 1633 he commanded a raiding unit that successfully raided and pillaged behind the Russian lines, spreading terror, disrupting supply lines, and burning down the town of
375:, where Gustavus Adolphus was nearly killed. During those years, he learned much from observing a master of military arts, hetman Koniecpolski, who often commanded the Polish army in which he served, and from Poland's Swedish opponents, and earlier from the Cossacks and Tatars they fought.
186:, general and military commander. In his career, he rose from a petty nobleman to a magnate holding one of the highest offices in the Commonwealth, something that was unprecedented in the Commonwealth's history. On 22 July 1664 he received the office of the
281:
Nothing is known about Stefan's childhood. His family could not afford to send him to a university abroad (only one of his brothers would do so); therefore he embarked on a military career at an early age. Before that, he attended a
885:
His legend had begun growing even during his lifetime, as he became a hero of poems and songs. Few negative rumors about him, popular in the last few years of his life, survived after his death. During the period of
170:
322:. His years with the brutal Lisowczycy mercenaries would impact his strategy in the latter years, where he would not hesitate to use any means necessary – including mistreatment of civilians – to achieve victory.
636:
and battle of
Kscynia. His defeats, however, were limited, and in most cases he was able to retreat with most of his army in good order. Under his direction the popular rising against the Swedish troops in
986:, and is discussed extensively in Polish historiography, he has never been a subject of much interest to foreign historians, concluding that he was a major persona in Polish, but not European, history.
2579:
2487:
470:
For the next several years he would serve on the hostility-plagued south-eastern border, where he made his home in the city of Illńce. In 1644 under
Koniecpolski he took part in the
608:, which he eventually surrendered on good terms, retreating with his army. He remained loyal to the Polish king, even when much of the army, including most of the senators and the
552:. In 1653 he led a unit to Ukraine, ransacking much of the Cossack-held lands, although the attrition among the troops was high. During that campaign Czarniecki was wounded at
2609:
2584:
938:. It was during that time that his pursuit of the retreating Swedes to Pomerania and Denmark (1658–1659), particularly his crossing with his entire army to the Danish isle of
2541:
810:. He left his estates to a nephew, Stefan Stanisław Czarniecki, but the Czarniecki name did not last long, and the wealth he gathered became instead the foundation of the
650:, and an extraordinary title of the "general and vice commander of the royal forces", which put him in a position of an unofficial hetman-like authority. The Field Crown
1817:
367:). His light cavalry was used in reconnaissance, diversion, and raiding the enemy territory. In 1627 Stefan, serving in his brother's chorągiew, was promoted to
482:
in
Koniecpolski's army, and once again his cavalry unit charge proved to be a decisive moment of the battle, bringing him much fame. That year he also became a
2383:
2359:
2353:
2128:
2377:
2505:
2341:
2118:
2097:
533:, and was elected the military deputy for the Sejm in January 1652. According to Nagielski, Czarniecki, while returning from the Sejm, witnessed the
191:
450:. He led a cavalry charge at Kumejki which was instrumental in the Polish victory there. Earlier that year he served as a military delegate to the
2347:
2123:
2046:
254:
family. The date of his birth is only an assumption, as no documents exist to prove it without a doubt; most historians, as noted by historians
995:
817:
Czarniecki is remembered as one of the most able Polish commanders of all times. Podhorecki called him the greatest Polish military expert in "
2133:
294:, achieving a solid secondary education. After finishing his schooling, he became a courtier to then-royal prince and future king of Poland
730:. This campaign, however, marked the zenith of his popularity. King John II Casimir Vasa attempted to involve him in the unpopular plan of
616:, was decisive. For his continuing support, the Polish king rewarded him with more lands, and the office of regimentarz of the royal army.
270:, was a soldier who participated in several wars in the late 16th and early 17th century, and eventually became a courtier to Polish queen
2335:
2028:
2589:
2296:
906:
cemented his legend of a hero rescuing Poland from anarchy and invasion. That legend that became even stronger during the times of the
714:, which adjusted the long outstanding differences between Poland and Sweden, Czarniecki was transferred to the eastern frontier where
2594:
612:, temporarily joined the Swedes. His vocal support for the wavering king, who at that time found refuge abroad, and was considering
505:, which surrendered on 26 September; he was once again captured and not released until the autumn of 1649, in the aftermath of the
426:), and likely due to a reduction of the royal army, he served in the private formation of Władysław Myszkowski and later, voivode
2535:
427:
1857:
2007:
1984:
1963:
1940:
1919:
1896:
1846:
2148:
310:(companion, a junior cavalry officer) in the spring of 1621. Already an officer at the age of eighteen, he took part in the
2183:
2088:
364:
319:
2463:
2178:
891:
1952:
Memoirs of the Polish
Baroque: The Writings of Jan Chryzostom Pasek, a Squire of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
811:
274:. Whereas historian Mirosław Nagielski notes that the Czarniecki family was not well off, which limited some of Stefan's
806:
Czarniecki received a state funeral in Warsaw, and has been interred in the tomb chapel of the church founded by him in
180:
95:
77:
2056:
966:
wrote that
Czarniecki was "first and foremost a soldier", and noted his faults such as brutality and greed. Modern
680:
430:. In 1635 he might have served as a military adviser to John II Casimir Vasa, and possibly accompanied the king to
2523:
2604:
198:. He is remembered as an accomplished military commander, and regarded as a Polish national hero. His status in
2427:
2289:
2208:
2153:
214:
195:
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2213:
954:", with the words commemorating his marine excursion to the island of Als: It was only during the time of the
2365:
522:
2238:
2066:
513:, a military judge deputized by the hetman, and a member of his staff, meeting with the new king of Poland,
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2228:
715:
383:
2203:
1637:
963:
471:
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in April that year. The tide of the war turned several times that year, and he was again defeated at the
914:
period used him as a symbol of patriotism, and a reminder of military successes. He appears in the poem
2243:
2188:
771:
655:
225:
against the Swedes is credited as one of the main reasons for the eventual Polish victory in this war.
2233:
778:, his recent wound became infected, and he died on 16 February 1665 in Sokołówka (now Sokolívka) near
2619:
2529:
2421:
2395:
2282:
2113:
2043:
943:
737:
557:
2158:
951:
605:
341:
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2022:
699:
688:
694:
899:
887:
642:
311:
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895:
2547:
955:
775:
672:
387:
203:
1955:
979:
747:
His last campaign took place at the end of 1664. He led an army against the
Russians, but the
548:
Later that year
Czarniecki received territories from the king, along with the office of Crown
263:
176:
1999:
1911:
1838:
518:
498:
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2138:
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741:
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556:. He continued his suppression campaign in 1654, and the following January took part in the
349:
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in mid-February 1656, but later inflicted serious defeats upon the Swedes, notably at the
493:. On 16 May 1648 he was one of the many noble Polish prisoners who fell into the hands of
337:), and recruited some of his siblings, including Stefan, into his unit. They served under
325:
The next time he took arms was in 1623, when his brother Paweł received a nomination as a
8:
2371:
2074:
818:
647:
601:
255:
251:
107:
971:
903:
633:
187:
934:
929:
911:
763:
727:
494:
386:. In 1633 he joined the Commonwealth forces again, to fight under the new Polish king,
2253:
2168:
766:. Before receiving the news of the nomination he desired for years, he was wounded at
718:. He distinguished himself in the campaign of 1660, where he won the victories of the
510:
2445:
2198:
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2163:
2060:
2003:
1980:
1959:
1936:
1915:
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1842:
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in his own light cavalry unit, but he still held the rank of a porucznik of hussars.
447:
408:
395:
360:
222:
1861:
658:, also an accomplished commander, if not so much as Czarniecki – but from a magnate
43:
2329:
2309:
2263:
864:
748:
740:
and instead chose the next successor to the Polish throne (John II Casimir favored
581:
569:
506:
443:
423:
356:
334:
283:
218:
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when more modern, serious historical work begun analyzing his history that a less
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1974:
1930:
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and on 2 January 1665, a few weeks before his death, he was given the office of
983:
967:
711:
638:
594:
534:
502:
2406:
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2017:
434:. In 1637 he married Zofia Kobierzycka, and later that year he fought in the
330:
315:
243:
2469:
1882:
975:
959:
732:
684:
553:
526:
391:
368:
275:
259:
53:
2021:
1929:
Nagielski, Mirosław (1995). "Stefan Czarniecki (1604–1655) hetman polny".
916:
479:
475:
2457:
483:
326:
982:; however Podhorecki notes that while he has been a major figure in the
36:
2032:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 721.
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752:
659:
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613:
542:
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forces and continued to fight against the Swedes, participating in the
303:
291:
790:
462:
59:
561:
501:, but he was quickly ransomed. He participated in the defense of the
404:
378:
As the Polish–Swedish war ended, in 1630, Czarniecki enlisted in the
307:
859:
549:
287:
2274:
925:
767:
439:
416:
379:
247:
183:
102:
489:
He took an active part in the battles against the Cossacks in the
833:
807:
400:
353:
239:
73:
779:
604:
invaded Poland in 1655, Czarniecki distinguished himself by his
609:
431:
345:
338:
299:
199:
403:. For his achievements in that war, in which he advanced to a
1891:. Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. p. 27.
663:
experience, that decided who was to get the hetman's office.
641:
proved highly successful. It was against his advice that the
586:
509:. He served as a porucznik in the hussar chorągiew of hetman
422:
After that war, he moved to a more prestigious hussar unit (
298:. As Stefan could not afford the equipment needed to join a
565:
451:
238:
Stefan Czarniecki was born in 1599 on the family estate of
2098:
Field Crown Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
131:
Konstancja Joanna (married Wacław Leszczyński (1605–1666)
202:
history is acknowledged by a mention of his name in the
671:
In 1657 he was instrumental in defeating the forces of
209:
Czarniecki made significant contributions fighting the
2580:
Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
782:, six weeks after receiving this supreme distinction.
407:
rank in the light "cossack" cavalry unit under hetman
2610:
Polish military personnel of the Khmelnytsky Uprising
474:
where Commonwealth forces dealt a crushing defeat to
1617:
1615:
1613:
1600:
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1423:
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1054:
1029:
1027:
1025:
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1021:
1019:
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1013:
770:. Called back by the king, who feared that magnate
2063:. Translated from the Polish by Christopher Makosa
890:he was written about by poets and writers such as
751:was not successful, and a new Cossack uprising of
2585:Polish people of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
1610:
1593:
1557:
1516:
1497:
1464:
1408:
1389:
1320:
1235:
924:, but much more significant was his portrayal in
478:'s (Tuhaj Bej) Tatars. He served as one of seven
457:
371:. On 6–7 August that year he participated in the
302:unit, he learned the art of war serving with the
2561:
1010:
1935:. Wydawn. Bellona. pp. 202, 204, 206–213.
902:and Franciszek Ksawery Dmowski. A biography by
352:). In 1625 they took part in the quelling of a
910:in the 19th century, where the artists of the
758:On 22 July 1664 he received the office of the
2290:
2082:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1638:"1665 luty – Sokołówka Rycerz najwierniejszy"
1583:
1581:
1454:
1452:
679:. In 1658 and 1659 he aided Danes during the
1972:
1800:
1742:
1730:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1587:
1551:
1539:
1491:
1458:
1443:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1229:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1175:
1163:
1148:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1092:
1075:
1048:
970:of Czarniecki includes works of Czapliński,
1760:
1632:
1630:
1225:
1223:
1159:
1157:
568:, a position that made him a member of the
262:, accept the 1599 date, although historian
2297:
2283:
2089:
2075:
1954:. University of California Press. p.
1832:
1794:
1748:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1664:
1578:
1545:
1449:
1144:
1142:
1105:
1103:
1101:
996:Army of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
314:, where the Commonwealth army stopped the
1928:
1908:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945
1652:
1621:
1604:
1572:
1527:
1510:
1479:
1431:
1402:
1335:
1254:
1033:
762:, and on 2 January 1665 he was appointed
2016:
1783:
1627:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1308:
1284:
1272:
1220:
1186:
1184:
1154:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1071:
1069:
946:that would eventually become the Polish
789:
693:
624:warfare. Czarniecki was defeated at the
585:
461:
194:(one of top military commanders) of the
1993:
1932:Hetmani Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów
1881:
1858:"Czy wiesz jak morze trafiło do hymnu?"
1766:
1139:
1098:
1060:
1044:
1042:
755:forced the Polish troops to fall back.
2562:
1910:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
1905:
1754:
1736:
1683:
1533:
1485:
1437:
942:, was commemorated in the song of the
2278:
2070:
1949:
1855:
1778:
1658:
1341:
1296:
1260:
1208:
1196:
1181:
1169:
1081:
1066:
575:
517:. He was part of the fighting at the
217:, and during the Polish–Swedish War (
2304:
1998:. Harvard University Press. p.
1979:. Książka i Wiedza. pp. 6–231.
1833:Brzezinski, Richard (25 July 2006).
1772:
1127:
1115:
1039:
839:
1815:
1789:
13:
774:that he just banished might start
736:– to bypass the traditions of the
525:in 1651. He received the title of
14:
2631:
2590:Polish people of the Smolensk War
2037:
312:battle of Chocim (Khotyn) in 1621
179:, 1599 – 16 February 1665) was a
2405:
932:, particularly the second book,
666:
162:
58:
35:
2057:The Memoir of Stefan Czarniecki
871:We will return across the sea.
411:, he received some land in the
233:
1994:Wandycz, Piotr Stefan (1980).
1950:Pasek, Jan Chryzostom (1976).
1835:Polish Winged Hussar 1576–1775
458:Struggles against the Cossacks
348:in 1624 (participating in the
125:Aleksandra Katarzyna (married
96:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
78:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
2595:People from Włoszczowa County
2044:Stefan Czarniecki (1599–1665)
1973:Podhorodecki, Leszek (1998).
1837:. Osprey Publishing. p.
1809:
1640:. malygosc.pl. 30 August 2006
716:the war with Russia reignited
344:in the campaigns against the
306:mercenaries, joining them as
266:argued for 1604. His father,
246:in southern Poland, into the
2229:Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski
2053:– biography at Poland.gov.pl
1996:The United States and Poland
535:massacre of Polish prisoners
320:Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21)
228:
7:
2488:Michał Zygmunt Stanisławski
2452:Janusz Tyszkiewicz Łohojski
2259:Franciszek Ksawery Branicki
2214:Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski
2023:"Czarniecki, Stephen"
1888:Stefan Czarniecki 1599–1665
1878:(Nr 7 (31) lipiec 2008 r.))
989:
196:Crown of the Polish Kingdom
10:
2636:
2239:Stanisław Mateusz Rzewuski
2189:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
2179:Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki
1906:Lerski, Jerzy Jan (1996).
845:Jak Czarniecki do Poznania
772:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
656:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
579:
359:. He fought later against
2542:Józef Gabriel Stempkowski
2530:Franciszek Salezy Potocki
2422:Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski
2414:
2403:
2396:Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski
2316:
2209:Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski
2204:Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki
2104:
944:Polish Napoleonic Legions
785:
738:royal elections in Poland
710:On the conclusion of the
363:(1626–1629) (part of the
145:
135:
121:
113:
101:
84:
66:
52:
34:
23:
2500:Feliks Kazimierz Potocki
2464:Stanisław Rewera Potocki
2366:Jerzy Radziwiłł Herkules
2317:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2224:Feliks Kazimierz Potocki
1004:
962:account begun emerging;
851:Wrócim się przez morze.
794:A bust of Czarniecki by
537:in the aftermath of the
454:(parliament) in Warsaw.
2234:Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski
2029:Encyclopædia Britannica
900:Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
888:Enlightenment in Poland
446:, participating in the
438:against the rebellious
331:light (cossack) cavalry
42:Celebrated portrait by
2605:Polish Roman Catholics
2548:Antoni Protazy Potocki
2415:Lesser Poland Province
2184:Stanisław Lanckoroński
2159:Stanisław Koniecpolski
1860:. myśl. Archived from
1856:Falba, Tomasz (2008).
1820:. Diecezja.szczecin.pl
956:Second Polish Republic
882:
849:Dla ojczyzny ratowania
803:
707:
597:
523:battle of Bila Tserkva
467:
342:Stanisław Koniecpolski
204:Polish national anthem
2244:Stanisław Chomętowski
847:Po szwedzkim zaborze,
837:
829:(Dąbrowski's Mazurek)
793:
697:
591:Czarniecki near Płock
589:
519:battle of Berestechko
499:battle of Zhovti Vody
465:
384:battle of Breitenfeld
333:of the regular army (
2536:Stanisław Lubomirski
2440:Aleksander Zasławski
2428:Stanisław Żółkiewski
2390:Grzegorz Chodkiewicz
2249:Jan Klemens Branicki
2154:Stanisław Żółkiewski
1816:Adamski, Krzysztof.
964:Władysław Czapliński
908:partitions of Poland
896:Franciszek Karpiński
869:To save our homeland
826:Mazurek Dąbrowskiego
800:Royal Castle, Warsaw
491:Khmelnytsky Uprising
428:Stanisław Lubomirski
413:Smolensk Voivodeship
296:John II Casimir Vasa
272:Constance of Austria
268:Krzysztof Czarniecki
211:Khmelnytsky Uprising
140:Krzysztof Czarniecki
127:Jan Klemens Branicki
2600:Field Crown Hetmans
2372:Andrzej Niemirowicz
2049:5 July 2009 at the
1874:(also published in
1864:on 16 December 2017
980:Zdzisław Spieralski
952:Dąbrowski's Mazurka
819:hit-and-run tactics
648:voivode of Ruthenia
602:Charles X of Sweden
264:Zdzisław Spieralski
256:Leszek Podhorodecki
177:Łodzia coat of arms
149:Krystyna Rzeszowska
108:House of Czarniecki
2615:Castellans of Kiev
2354:Jerzy Montowtowicz
2149:Mikołaj Sieniawski
2139:Mikołaj Sieniawski
2129:Marcin Kamieniecki
2109:Stanisław Chodecki
1803:, pp. 227–228
1733:, pp. 225–226
1716:, pp. 224–225
1704:, pp. 221–223
1680:, pp. 228–231
1590:, pp. 204–206
1554:, pp. 207–208
1461:, pp. 121–124
930:Henryk Sienkiewicz
912:Polish romanticism
865:Swedish occupation
804:
764:Field Crown Hetman
742:Louis, Grand Condé
728:battle of Kuszliki
708:
698:Czarniecki at the
681:Danish–Swedish War
677:battle of Magierów
646:the office of the
598:
576:The Swedish Deluge
558:battle of Okhmativ
495:Bohdan Khmelnytsky
472:battle of Ochmatów
468:
365:Polish–Swedish War
350:battle of Martynów
2557:
2556:
2524:Stanisław Potocki
2482:Stefan Czarniecki
2446:Stefan Chmielecki
2272:
2271:
2194:Stefan Czarniecki
2174:Marcin Kalinowski
2164:Marcin Kazanowski
2144:Jerzy Jazłowiecki
2061:Witold Gombrowicz
2009:978-0-674-92685-1
1986:978-83-86170-36-4
1976:Stefan Czarniecki
1965:978-0-520-02752-7
1942:978-83-11-08275-5
1921:978-0-313-26007-0
1898:978-83-227-2545-0
1848:978-1-84176-650-8
1801:Podhorodecki 1998
1743:Podhorodecki 1998
1731:Podhorodecki 1998
1714:Podhorodecki 1998
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1122:Podhorodecki 1998
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1049:Podhorodecki 1998
922:Zygmunt Krasiński
892:Stanisław Potocki
880:
879:
858:As Czarniecki to
720:battle of Połonka
700:battle of Kolding
689:battle of Kolding
673:George II Rákóczi
621:guerrilla warfare
606:defence of Kraków
515:John Casimir Vasa
466:Stefan Czarniecki
448:battle of Kumejki
409:Marcin Kazanowski
361:Gustavus Adolphus
223:guerrilla warfare
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156:Stefan Czarniecki
153:
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117:Zofia Kobierzycka
92:(aged 65–66)
47:
29:Stefan Czarniecki
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2620:Voivodes of Kiev
2506:Stefan Niemirycz
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2342:Dymitr Putiatycz
2330:Ivan Chodkiewicz
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643:battle of Warsaw
634:battle of Kłecko
582:Deluge (history)
570:Senate of Poland
507:Treaty of Zboriv
444:Pavel Mikhnovych
357:Zhmaylo Uprising
335:wojsko kwarciane
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595:Juliusz Kossak
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580:Main article:
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69:
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61:
57:
55:
51:
45:
38:
33:
22:
19:
2481:
2470:Jan Zamoyski
2199:Jan Sobieski
2193:
2027:
1995:
1975:
1951:
1931:
1907:
1887:
1875:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:the original
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1796:
1785:
1774:
1769:, p. 22
1767:Wandycz 1980
1762:
1757:, p. 93
1750:
1738:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1547:
1535:
1487:
1439:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1350:, p. 70
1343:
1310:
1305:, p. 60
1298:
1286:
1274:
1269:, p. 49
1262:
1217:, p. 44
1210:
1205:, p. 42
1198:
1193:, p. 38
1178:, p. 36
1171:
1136:, p. 23
1129:
1124:, p. 21
1117:
1061:Kersten 2006
1056:
1051:, p. 17
1000:
976:Adam Kersten
960:hagiographic
933:
915:
884:
874:
857:
844:
828:
825:
816:
805:
796:André Lebrun
757:
746:
733:vivente rege
731:
709:
704:Józef Brandt
670:
618:
599:
590:
554:Monastyryska
547:
488:
469:
421:
392:Smolensk War
388:Władysław IV
377:
324:
286:, either in
280:
276:life chances
260:Adam Kersten
237:
234:Early career
208:
192:Field Hetman
155:
154:
103:Noble family
90:(1665-02-16)
54:Coat of arms
18:
2575:1665 deaths
2570:1599 births
2514:(1684–1702)
2458:Adam Kisiel
2424:(1569–1608)
2348:Jan Gliński
2344:(1492–1505)
1876:Nasze Morze
1755:Lerski 1996
926:The Trilogy
776:a rebellion
687:and at the
484:regimentarz
250:(nobility)
94:Sokołówka,
2564:Categories
1810:References
1779:Falba 2008
1659:Pasek 1976
935:The Deluge
863:After the
798:, held in
753:Ivan Sirko
660:Lubomirski
652:Hetmanship
614:abdication
543:Ruthenians
531:Sandomierz
480:pułkowniks
304:Lisowczycy
292:Sandomierz
252:Czarniecki
244:Włoszczowa
219:The Deluge
2550:(1791–93)
2544:(1785–91)
2538:(1772–85)
2532:(1756–72)
2526:(1744–56)
2520:(1702–44)
2508:(1682–84)
2496:(1668–81)
2490:(1665–68)
2484:(1664–65)
2478:(1659–64)
2472:(1658–59)
2466:(1655–58)
2460:(1650–53)
2454:(1630–49)
2448:(1629–30)
2442:(1629–29)
2436:(1619–28)
2430:(1608–18)
2398:(1559–69)
2392:(1555–59)
2386:(1544–55)
2380:(1542–44)
2374:(1514–41)
2368:(1511–14)
2362:(1508–11)
2356:(1507–08)
2350:(1505–07)
2338:(1483–92)
2336:Jerzy Pac
2332:(1480–82)
2326:(1471–80)
917:Przedświt
562:castellan
476:Toğay bey
405:porucznik
390:, in the
327:rotmistrz
308:towarzysz
229:Biography
114:Spouse(s)
2306:Voivodes
2134:Jan Koła
2047:Archived
1885:(2006).
990:See also
768:Lysianka
654:went to
440:Cossacks
417:Starodub
394:against
380:Habsburg
316:Ottomans
248:szlachta
184:nobleman
1868:22 June
1824:22 June
1790:Adamski
1644:22 June
950:, the "
834:strophe
808:Czarnca
675:at the
619:He led
610:hetmans
545:alive.
527:chorąży
497:at the
401:Kozelsk
396:Muscovy
369:chorąży
354:Cossack
240:Czarnca
175:of the
160:Polish:
74:Czarnca
2502:(1682)
2006:
1983:
1962:
1939:
1918:
1895:
1845:
875:
860:Poznań
786:Legacy
726:, and
550:oboźny
442:under
432:Vienna
346:Tatars
339:hetman
300:hussar
288:Kraków
200:Polish
181:Polish
146:Mother
136:Father
46:, 1863
26:Hetman
1005:Notes
940:Alsen
600:When
415:near
242:near
166:
122:Issue
2310:Kiev
2004:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1916:ISBN
1893:ISBN
1870:2012
1843:ISBN
1826:2012
1646:2012
978:and
832:3rd
780:Lwów
566:Kiev
521:and
452:Sejm
424:rota
258:and
85:Died
70:1599
67:Born
2308:of
2059:by
1956:320
928:of
920:of
685:Als
564:of
529:of
329:of
290:or
2566::
2026:.
2002:.
2000:22
1958:.
1914:.
1912:93
1841:.
1839:24
1721:^
1666:^
1629:^
1612:^
1595:^
1580:^
1559:^
1518:^
1499:^
1466:^
1451:^
1410:^
1391:^
1322:^
1237:^
1222:^
1183:^
1156:^
1141:^
1100:^
1083:^
1068:^
1041:^
1012:^
974:,
898:,
894:,
722:,
691:.
572:.
419:.
206:.
129:),
76:,
2298:e
2291:t
2284:v
2090:e
2083:t
2076:v
2012:.
1989:.
1968:.
1945:.
1924:.
1901:.
1872:.
1851:.
1828:.
1648:.
867:,
802:.
706:.
158:(
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