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There followed a hard political struggle between John of
England and Pope Innocent III. The King proclaimed as a public enemy anyone who recognised Stephen as Archbishop. On 15 July 1207, John expelled the Canterbury chapter, which was now unanimous in support of Stephen. In March 1208, Pope Innocent
422:
the Pope espoused his cause and excommunicated the barons. For refusing to publish the excommunication the king had
Stephen suspended from all ecclesiastical functions by the papal commissioners and on 4 November this sentence was confirmed by the Pope, although Stephen appealed to him in person. He
355:. Both elections were quashed on appeal to Rome, and sixteen canons of the chapter, who had gone to Rome with a mandate to act for the whole chapter, were ordered to proceed to a new election in presence of the Pope. The choice fell upon Langton and he was consecrated by the Pope at
430:
Stephen
Langton continued under Henry's reign to work for the political independence of England. In 1223 he again appeared as the leader and spokesman of the barons, who demanded that King Henry confirm the charter. He went to France on Henry's behalf to call on
423:
was released from suspension the following spring on condition that he keep out of
England until peace was restored, and he remained abroad till May 1218. Meanwhile, both Pope Innocent and King John died and all parties in England rallied to the support of
393:
on 25 August 1213, to which certain barons were invited, he read the text of the charter of Henry I and called for its renewal. In the sequel, Stephen's energetic leadership and the barons' military strength forced John to grant his seal to
315:
in 1215, but that election was quashed by Pope
Innocent III. Simon served his brother Stephen as Archdeacon of Canterbury in 1227. Simon and Stephen had another brother named Walter, a knight who died childless.
443:, that during his lifetime no resident papal legate should be again sent to England, and won other concessions from the same pontiff favourable to the English Church and exalting the see of Canterbury.
382:. His first act as Archbishop was to absolve the King, who swore an oath (which he almost immediately violated) guaranteeing that unjust laws should be repealed and the liberties granted by
595:
is also known to have come up with a systematic division of the Bible (between 1244 and 1248), it is
Langton's arrangement of the chapters that remains in use today.
269:. Stephen Langton may have been born in a moated farmhouse in the village, and was probably educated in his local cathedral school. He could also have been born at
1767:
1732:
367:
and at the close of 1212, after repeated negotiations had failed, he passed sentence of deposition against John, committing the execution of the sentence to
374:
In May 1213 King John yielded and thus in July, Stephen and his fellow exiles returned to
England. Till that moment, he had lived since his consecration at
992:
343:, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1205, the election of a successor encountered difficulties: some of the younger canons of the cathedral chapter elected
1742:
324:
1747:
1591:
559:, Oxford, 1845), which is probably an expansion of a sermon he preached in 1220, on the occasion of the translation of the relics of
1762:
478:
Regimental Chapel), and the head of his tomb projects into the east end of this chapel, under its altar, with the foot outside it.
520:
According to F. J. E. Raby, "There is little reason to doubt that
Stephen Langton ... was the author" of the famous sequence
1727:
985:
1184:
1772:
1481:
1606:
475:
804:
587:) of the lines. However, Langton is believed to be the one who divided the Bible into the standard modern arrangement of
497:
Langton wrote prolifically. His many sermons and his glosses, commentaries, expositions, and treatises on almost all the
1722:
978:
922:
791:
1179:
1010:
732:
347:, the subprior of Christ Church, Canterbury, as Archbishop while another faction under pressure from King John chose
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250:
20:
481:
The "Stephen
Langton Trail", devised to celebrate the 800th anniversary of the sealing of Magna Carta, starts in
819:
831:
Baldwin, John W. "Master
Stephen Langton, Future Archbishop of Canterbury: The Paris Schools and Magna Carta".
761:
1737:
1464:
1149:
1334:
412:
219:
913:
626:
454:, are the earliest provincial canons which are still recognised as binding in English Church courts.
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Of great importance in the ecclesiastical history of England was a council which Stephen opened at
439:, and later he supported Henry against rebellious barons. He obtained a promise from the new pope,
227:
42:
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50:
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408:
308:
38:
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Stephen now became a leader in the struggle against King John. At a council of churchmen at
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56:
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8:
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277:
98:
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1329:
1233:
1228:
1064:
693:
666:
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383:
312:
928:
Lewis E 35 Biblical commentary on the Pentateuch (Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers) at OPenn
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116:
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Arms displayed by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, at the signing of
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The only other of his works which has been printed, besides a few letters (in
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White, John William. "The Oxford Constitutions of Stephen Langton,...",
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over his election was a major factor in the crisis which produced the
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British History Online Canons whose Prebends cannot be identified
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Ambler, Sophie. "Stephen Langton", Magna Carta 800th Anniversary
474:. St Michael's Chapel was later built over this ground (now the
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13th-century Archbishop of Canterbury, theologian, and cardinal
820:"Stephen Langton Trail", The Long Distance Walkers Association
567:, and other historical works and poems are attributed to him.
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The Vulgate Chapters and Numbered Verses in the Hebrew Bible
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in 1215. Langton is also credited with having divided the
760:
Smith, Esther (2000), "Langton, Stephen (c. 1155–1226)",
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and he was recognised as the foremost English churchman.
230:
from 1207 until his death in 1228. The dispute between
710:, Oxford Online National Dictionary of Biography, 2004
615:, Oxford Online Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
418:
Since King John now held his kingdom as a fief of the
725:
England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225
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have always been divided by blank spaces at the end (
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indicate a person who was elected but not confirmed.
489:, where there is an original copy of the charter.
1714:
694:British History Online Archdeacons of Canterbury
667:British History Online Archbishops of Canterbury
1768:12th-century English Roman Catholic theologians
1733:13th-century English Roman Catholic theologians
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296:. His piety and learning had already won him
261:His father was Henry Langton, a landowner in
835:, vol. 123, no. 503, 2008, pp. 811–46. JSTOR
450:on 17 April 1222; its decrees, known as the
218:(c. 1150 – 9 July 1228) was an English
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575:Classically, scrolls of the books of the
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249:into the standard modern arrangement of
846:The Oxford Book of Medieval Latin Verse
407:Plaster maquette of Stephen Langton by
55:Statue of Langton from the exterior of
1743:Cardinals created by Pope Innocent III
1715:
809:, London Vol. 25, (Jun 1844): 615–622
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655:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
549:Tractatus de translatione Beati Thomae
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334:Argent, a cross quarter-pierced gules
273:, Surrey, according to local legend.
627:"Stephan Langton Inn, Friday Street"
763:Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature
13:
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745:Powicke, F.M., "Stephen Langton",
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547:no. 71, appendix to preface) is a
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1748:People from East Lindsey District
1011:List of archbishops of Canterbury
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452:Constitutions of Stephen Langton
21:Stephen Langdon (disambiguation)
1763:Burials at Canterbury Cathedral
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505:are preserved in manuscript at
1728:13th-century English cardinals
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696:. Retrieved 14 September 2007.
681:. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
669:. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
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1:
1773:13th-century writers in Latin
833:The English Historical Review
727:Oxford: Clarendon Press 2000
657:. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
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766:(online ed.), Greenwood
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43:Archbishop of Canterbury
19:Not to be confused with
1632:Archibald Campbell Tait
848:, Oxford, 1959, p. 496.
776:(subscription required)
435:for the restoration of
276:Stephen studied at the
1612:Charles Manners-Sutton
1543:Episcopacy abolished (
937:Catholic Church titles
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280:and lectured there on
1317:John of Sittingbourne
1267:Reginald Fitz Jocelin
880:Catholic Encyclopedia
749:, Volume 17, Issue 98
571:Chapters of the Bible
533:Gervase of Canterbury
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257:Early life and career
1602:Frederick Cornwallis
904:at Wikimedia Commons
807:The British magazine
794:. Magna Carta Trust.
557:Thomas of Canterbury
540:, ii. London, 1880,
523:Veni Sancte Spiritus
472:Canterbury Cathedral
433:Louis VIII of France
386:should be observed.
180:Canterbury Cathedral
128:by Pope Innocent III
57:Canterbury Cathedral
1637:Edward White Benson
706:Fred A. Cazel Jnr,
593:Hugo de Sancto Caro
466:, near Chichester,
369:Philip II of France
294:San Crisogono, Rome
278:University of Paris
1738:External cardinals
1420:William Whittlesey
1398:Thomas Bradwardine
1341:William Chillenden
1330:Edmund of Abingdon
1234:William de Corbeil
1195:Robert of Jumièges
1170:Ælfric of Abingdon
1065:Theodore of Tarsus
912:Works by or about
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313:Archbishop of York
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1386:John de Stratford
1364:Robert Winchelsey
1250:Roger de Bailleul
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960:Succeeded by
900:Media related to
792:"Stephen Langton"
723:Bartlett, Robert
591:. While Cardinal
517:, and in France.
487:Lincoln Cathedral
483:Langton by Wragby
371:in January 1213.
359:on 17 June 1207.
353:Bishop of Norwich
286:Pope Innocent III
284:until 1206, when
263:Langton by Wragby
239:Pope Innocent III
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1642:Frederick Temple
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1409:William Edington
1347:Robert Kilwardby
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147:Personal details
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1753:1150s births
1702:
1692:Justin Welby
1682:George Carey
1577:William Wake
1545:Commonwealth
1542:
1538:William Laud
1533:George Abbot
1474:
1440:Roger Walden
1407:
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1359:John Peckham
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1286:John de Gray
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1209:Conquest to
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946:John de Gray
878:
875:Hebrew Bible
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857:Moore, G.F.
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365:an interdict
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349:John de Grey
338:
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311:was elected
307:His brother
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267:Lincolnshire
260:
253:used today.
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196:Denomination
117:Innocent III
113:17 June 1207
110:Consecration
89:John de Gray
25:
1758:1228 deaths
1582:John Potter
1482:Henry Deane
1470:John Morton
1403:Simon Islip
1211:Reformation
861:, 1893, at
735:pp. 404–405
553:J. A. Giles
409:John Thomas
397:Magna Carta
391:Westminster
330:Magna Carta
243:Magna Carta
186:Nationality
163:9 July 1228
85:Predecessor
80:9 July 1228
71: 1207
1717:Categories
1652:Cosmo Lang
1607:John Moore
1324:John Blund
957:1207–1228
918:Wikisource
320:Archbishop
77:Term ended
1460:John Kemp
1185:Æthelnoth
1150:Byrhthelm
1110:Feologild
1100:Æthelhard
1090:Bregowine
1070:Berhtwald
1053:Deusdedit
1028:Augustine
770:20 August
636:21 August
599:Citations
565:Richard I
538:W. Stubbs
515:Cambridge
425:Henry III
332:in 1215:
95:Successor
64:Appointed
1335:Boniface
1279:Reginald
1219:Lanfranc
1160:Æthelgar
1135:Wulfhelm
1125:Plegmund
1120:Æthelred
1115:Ceolnoth
1095:Jænberht
1085:Cuthbert
1080:Nothhelm
1048:Honorius
1038:Mellitus
1033:Laurence
1020:Conquest
747:Theology
631:What Pub
589:chapters
585:setumoth
581:petuhoth
437:Normandy
420:Holy See
380:Burgundy
345:Reginald
298:prebends
282:theology
251:chapters
220:cardinal
115:by
39:Cardinal
1703:Italics
1200:Stigand
1190:Eadsige
1175:Ælfheah
1165:Sigeric
1155:Dunstan
1145:Ælfsige
1105:Wulfred
1075:Tatwine
1059:Wighard
501:of the
464:Slindon
384:Henry I
357:Viterbo
222:of the
206:Parents
190:English
166:Slindon
155:c. 1150
1224:Anselm
1180:Lyfing
1130:Athelm
1043:Justus
731:
536:, ed.
511:Oxford
468:Sussex
176:Buried
170:Sussex
105:Orders
863:JSTOR
577:Bible
509:, at
499:books
493:Works
476:Buffs
458:Death
448:Osney
247:Bible
1018:Pre-
772:2010
729:ISBN
638:2018
551:(in
513:and
302:York
237:and
232:King
226:and
160:Died
152:Born
133:Rank
126:1206
1140:Oda
916:at
555:'s
411:at
378:in
292:of
139:of
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23:.
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