35:
423:
Although it is used widely by name, it is rare to find a pre-made fine artist product that contains this pure pigment. Berries, ripe or unripe, and different versions of the lake are obtainable in powdered pigment form, although it is costly compared to its substitutes. It is fugitive and therefore
265:
Traditional sap green is made from both ripe and unripe buckthorn berries, and prepared in different ways. Berry harvest time, varietal, preparation method and time period of use influence the common name used to refer to that particular hue, color, recipe or chemical composition. Extracting the
431:
In contemporary art supplies the term "sap green" often indicates a mixture intending to resemble the traditional sap green or stil de grain yellow. Contemporary oil colors often use
396:" amongst the greens (p. 38), and specifies several admixtures of greenish colors made with pink—e.g. "Grasse-green is made of Pink and Bice, it is shadowed with
185:
458:
A modern authority for this as a color is the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (1955)—Color Sample of Stil de Grain Yellow (color sample #83).
408:(1673), "Pink yellow" is mentioned amongst the chief yellow pigments (p. 96), and the reader is instructed to mix it with either saffron or
765:
801:
855:
197:
berries after two historical areas of supply; latterly Italy was a major source. The color, whose principal chemical component is
34:
571:
509:
428:, but has survived well in manuscript form due to the natural protections from light and moisture that a book offers.
1263:
A typical sample is shown for each name; a range of color-variations is commonly associated with each color-name.
794:
366:
came into use as the name for this yellow pigment in the early to mid-18th century, replacing the former name
749:
289:) produces a pigment that is dark brown in bulk and turns to bright yellow in a thin layer. It has a low
141:
1280:
787:
382:
381:
was used to describe a yellowish pigment, which was mixed with blue colors to yield greenish colors.
929:
769:
954:
1117:
1092:
590:
344:
1285:
448:
1161:
681:
351:
in a liquid form that resembled a dense syrup, instead of being dried and sold as powder.
8:
317:
148:
685:
865:
697:
498:
1033:
90:
1171:
993:
860:
567:
505:
238:
1191:
1176:
914:
810:
701:
689:
452:
294:
282:
275:
44:
1201:
1166:
1097:
1018:
1013:
830:
486:
435:
lakes as a substitute. In 2006 Golden Artist Colors' line of "historical colors"
409:
335:
precipitated with alum. In lake form, this color is considered to fade rapidly.
1196:
1186:
924:
909:
835:
467:
401:
1274:
1206:
1102:
1087:
1082:
1028:
1008:
870:
850:
825:
436:
290:
1122:
1107:
1077:
1038:
998:
949:
939:
919:
400:
and Pink ... French-green of Pink and Indico Indico" (pp. 38–40). In
332:
120:
358:
as a color name in
English for this yellow pigment was in 1598. The names
82:
440:
415:
The pigment was used widely in the 18th century in France and
England.
234:
94:
693:
425:
266:
coloring principle through boiling water allows one to add different
198:
180:
116:
1112:
1003:
840:
779:
432:
328:
109:
944:
627:
605:. Vol. 7 (1st ed.). Oxford Clarendon Press. p. 885
444:
348:
267:
190:
176:
412:
for "sad" or "light" shades thereof, respectively (p. 98).
1245:
397:
304:
194:
1023:
845:
63:
638:
934:
393:
390:
271:
210:
67:
55:
16:
Pigment traditionally derived from unripe buckthorn berries
650:
124:
86:
59:
720:
708:
672:
Thompson (1936). "The
Materials of Medieval Painting".
538:
526:
278:, each resulting in a different hue of this color.
562:Gettens, Rutherford J.; Stout, George L. (2015) .
497:
439:included one named "sap green", made of synthetic
500:The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques
1272:
622:
620:
795:
617:
316:. It is not permanent and was often used for
656:
644:
585:
583:
561:
495:
485:Maerz, Aloys John; Paul, Morris Rea (1930).
802:
788:
667:
665:
233:— the first three also applied to similar
726:
714:
580:
557:
555:
553:
544:
532:
484:
331:, either direct from berry juice or as a
671:
564:Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopedia
662:
1273:
768:. Golden Artist Colors. Archived from
747:
550:
496:Mayer, Ralph; Sheehan, Steven (1991).
213:, the yellow "pink" was qualified as
783:
809:
347:, the color was sold in dried sheep
209:); latterly, to distinguish it from
751:A Book of Drawing, Limning, Washing
387:A Book of Drawing, Limning, Washing
13:
14:
1297:
754:. London: M. Simmons. p. 38.
293:rating of about 4. Ripe berries (
33:
758:
741:
732:
389:(1652) categorizes "Pink &
39: Color coordinates
373:In the 17th century, the word
327:the color is in the form of a
260:
1:
473:
447:, brominated and chlorinated
418:
519:
189:, which are commonly called
179:derived from berries of the
7:
461:
10:
1302:
478:
354:The first recorded use of
338:
1261:
819:
603:Oxford English Dictionary
301:) produce a color called
157:
147:
137:
107:
80:
53:
43:
31:
26:
21:
657:Mayer & Sheehan 1991
645:Mayer & Sheehan 1991
504:(5th ed.). Viking.
491:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
748:Jenner, Thomas (1652).
424:not ideally suited for
345:illuminated manuscripts
323:Most often when called
237:dyes from the American
161:: Normalized to (byte)
566:. Dover. p. 130.
298:
286:
201:, was formerly called
727:Maerz & Paul 1930
715:Maerz & Paul 1930
545:Maerz & Paul 1930
533:Maerz & Paul 1930
488:A Dictionary of Color
449:copper phthalocyanine
1182:Stil de grain yellow
360:stil de grain yellow
343:For use in medieval
247:Persian berries lake
169:Stil de grain yellow
22:Stil de grain yellow
686:1936Natur.138..266L
318:decorative painting
149:ISCC–NBS descriptor
632:kremerpigments.com
245:. Other names are
1268:
1267:
1256:
1255:
1172:School bus yellow
738:p.43 Plate 10, K2
647:, pp. 43–44.
573:978-0-486-21597-6
511:978-0-670-83701-4
443:, nickel complex
255:buckthorn berries
239:eastern black oak
186:Rhamnus saxatilis
166:
165:
1293:
1281:Shades of yellow
1177:Selective yellow
822:
821:
813:
812:Shades of yellow
804:
797:
790:
781:
780:
774:
773:
772:on 11 July 2011.
762:
756:
755:
745:
739:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
705:
694:10.1038/138266a0
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648:
642:
636:
635:
624:
615:
614:
612:
610:
587:
578:
577:
559:
548:
542:
536:
530:
515:
503:
492:
453:amorphous carbon
451:and nearly pure
281:Unripe berries (
243:Quercus velutina
211:light red "pink"
153:Brilliant yellow
133:
128:
103:
98:
76:
71:
38:
37:
19:
18:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1257:
955:Gold (metallic)
815:
811:
808:
778:
777:
766:"Sap Green Hue"
764:
763:
759:
746:
742:
737:
733:
725:
721:
713:
709:
670:
663:
655:
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581:
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560:
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543:
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531:
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522:
512:
481:
476:
464:
421:
341:
287:rhamni immaturi
263:
162:
131:
113:
108:
102:(48°, 62%, 98%)
101:
81:
74:
54:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1299:
1289:
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1283:
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989:
986:
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977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
930:Dark goldenrod
927:
922:
917:
912:
906:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
874:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
836:Arylide yellow
833:
828:
820:
817:
816:
807:
806:
799:
792:
784:
776:
775:
757:
740:
731:
729:, p. 205.
719:
717:, p. 202.
707:
661:
649:
637:
616:
579:
572:
549:
547:, p. 183.
537:
535:, p. 173.
524:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
510:
493:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
470:
468:List of colors
463:
460:
420:
417:
402:William Salmon
340:
337:
262:
259:
251:yellow berries
164:
163:
155:
154:
151:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
111:
105:
104:
99:
78:
77:
75:(250, 218, 94)
72:
51:
50:
47:
41:
40:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1298:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1260:
1251:
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1244:
1243:
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1236:
1233:
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1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
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1208:
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1200:
1198:
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1193:
1190:
1188:
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1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
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1165:
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1155:
1152:
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1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1103:Naples yellow
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1088:Mikado yellow
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:Lemon chiffon
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
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1000:
997:
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951:
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946:
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918:
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913:
911:
908:
907:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:Chrome yellow
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
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800:
798:
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791:
786:
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761:
753:
752:
744:
735:
728:
723:
716:
711:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:(3485): 266.
679:
675:
668:
666:
659:, p. 56.
658:
653:
646:
641:
633:
629:
623:
621:
604:
600:
598:
594:
586:
584:
575:
569:
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558:
556:
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541:
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529:
525:
513:
507:
502:
501:
494:
490:
489:
483:
482:
469:
466:
465:
459:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:acrylic paint
434:
429:
427:
416:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:
388:
384:
383:Thomas Jenner
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
364:yellow madder
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
336:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
310:stil de grain
307:
306:
300:
299:rhamni maturi
296:
292:
291:lightfastness
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
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143:
140:
136:
132:(88, 81, 70°)
130:
126:
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118:
114:
106:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
46:
42:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1286:Natural dyes
1181:
1123:Peach-yellow
1108:Navajo white
1039:Light yellow
999:Harvest gold
920:Cosmic latte
770:the original
760:
750:
743:
734:
722:
710:
677:
673:
652:
640:
631:
607:. Retrieved
602:
596:
592:
563:
540:
528:
499:
487:
457:
430:
422:
414:
406:Polygraphice
405:
386:
378:
374:
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
353:
342:
324:
322:
313:
309:
302:
280:
264:
254:
250:
246:
242:
230:
227:Italian pink
226:
223:English pink
222:
218:
214:
206:
202:
184:
172:
168:
167:
158:
1118:Papaya whip
314:yellow lake
261:Manufacture
231:French pink
193:berries or
49:#FADA5E
45:Hex triplet
1275:Categories
1034:Lemon-lime
866:Chartreuse
609:12 January
474:References
441:iron oxide
419:Modern use
270:, such as
235:quercitron
219:brown pink
215:Dutch pink
994:Goldenrod
861:Champagne
520:Citations
426:oil color
325:sap green
199:rhamnetin
181:buckthorn
173:sap green
1113:Old gold
1004:Icterine
841:Aureolin
462:See also
433:coal tar
349:bladders
329:dyestuff
268:mordants
183:species
142:ISCC-NBS
1202:Vanilla
1192:Sunglow
1167:Saffron
1098:Mustard
1093:Mindaro
1019:Jonquil
1014:Jasmine
945:Gamboge
915:Citrine
831:Apricot
702:4073012
682:Bibcode
479:Sources
339:History
303:yellow
295:Italian
283:Italian
195:Persian
191:Avignon
177:pigment
1252:
1246:Yellow
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1197:Sunset
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
910:Citron
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
856:Canary
700:
674:Nature
628:"Home"
570:
508:
410:ceruse
398:Indigo
305:madder
138:Source
110:CIELCh
27:
1207:Wheat
1187:Straw
1083:Maize
1024:Khaki
1009:Ivory
925:Cream
846:Beige
826:Amber
698:S2CID
379:pinke
368:pinke
356:pinke
312:, or
229:, or
207:pinke
175:is a
1162:Pear
1078:Lion
950:Gold
940:Flax
935:Ecru
851:Buff
611:2020
593:pink
568:ISBN
506:ISBN
394:bice
391:blew
375:pink
362:and
333:lake
276:soda
272:alum
253:and
205:(or
203:pink
56:sRGB
690:doi
678:138
597:sb.
445:azo
404:'s
385:'s
377:or
274:or
221:,
171:or
83:HSV
1277::
696:.
688:.
676:.
664:^
630:.
619:^
601:.
595:,
582:^
552:^
455:.
370:.
320:.
308:,
297::
285::
257:.
249:,
241:,
225:,
217:,
123:,
119:,
112:uv
93:,
89:,
66:,
62:,
803:e
796:t
789:v
704:.
692::
684::
634:.
613:.
599:"
591:"
576:.
514:.
159:B
127:)
125:h
121:C
117:L
115:(
97:)
95:v
91:s
87:h
85:(
70:)
68:b
64:g
60:r
58:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
