638:
an owner who causes damage must repair it) and the units (for example, limiting pets, or noise levels depending on the time of day), and for the regulation of the body corporate. These rules must be registered and non-registered rules do not have legal effect. The operations of the body corporate are paid for by levies on all owners. Levies are assigned based on the ownership interest or utility interest of the particular unit. An ownership interest is based on the value of the unit, while a utility interest is either the ownership interest or a proportion that is fair and equitable having regard to the costs and benefits of the unit.
38:
649:
A body corporate must have a long term maintenance plan, which provides for maintenance of the common property for at least ten years and an estimate of the costs. The long term maintenance plan is then paid for by the long term maintenance fund, which must be separate from the body corporate general
587:, Australia, to better cope with the legal ownership of apartment blocks. Previously, the only adequate method of dividing ownership was company title, which had a number of defects, such as the difficulty of instituting mortgages. This term also applies to house-type strata title units in Australia.
641:
The owners in the unit title development must meet yearly to approve the levies, the financial statements, long term maintenance plan and fund (if any), approve changes to the body corporate rules (if any), and the appointment of the body corporate chairman and committee (if any). The body corporate
629:
A person purchasing a unit title purchases a principal unit, which is designed as a place of business or residence; any accessory units included in the title for the principal unit, such as car parks and storage lockers; and a beneficial interest in the common property, such as corridors, air ducts,
637:
The body corporate is responsible for maintaining the common property and the structure of the building (if this duty is delegated by the owners), and for insuring the common property and the building structure. The body corporate can set rules governing the use of the common property (for example,
633:
Creation of a unit title is a type of subdivision and so requires the approval of the relevant territorial authority under the
Resource Management Act 1991, as well as under the Unit Titles Act 2010. A unit plan must be deposited with Land Information New Zealand and new titles issue in respect of
625:
of indefeasible titles, the title for a unit title has a title for the principal unit, showing the legal description of the principal unit and any accessory units and any legal document registered against those units (called an interest); a
Supplementary Record Sheet, showing the rules of the body
601:
Strata title schemes are composed of individual lots and common property. Lots are either apartments, garages or storerooms and each is shown on the title as owned by a lot owner. Common property is defined as everything else on the parcel of land that is not comprised in a lot, such as common
598:), Fiji, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Africa and the United Arab Emirates. Other countries have legislation based on similar principles but with different definitions and using different mechanisms in their administration.
642:
can delegate most of their duties to the committee of the owners. The body corporate can also enter into service agreements in respect of the administration of the body corporate, usually to a
626:
corporate, its registered address and any interests registered against the underlying land; and the survey plan, which shows the boundaries of the units and the common property.
702:
610:
In New
Zealand, strata title, commonly called a unit title, is created by the Unit Titles Act 2010. There are 145,000 unit title dwellings in New Zealand.
630:
building structure and entry ways; and membership in the body corporate, which is composed of all unit owners and which legally owns the common property.
738:
646:, and building maintenance, including appointing a building manager. These service agreements must be permitted under the body corporate rules.
548:
122:
991:
447:
706:
590:
Other countries that have adopted the
Australian system (or a similar variant) of apartment ownership include: Canada (
996:
417:
1011:
331:
621:, where another person owns the land and the body corporate pays rent to that person. As New Zealand uses the
1001:
429:
576:
and horizontal subdivisions with shared areas. The word "strata" refers to apartments on different levels.
501:
396:
402:
541:
322:
208:
453:
314:
309:
142:
117:
440:
304:
20:
37:
381:
350:
650:
operating fund. However, a body corporate can elect not to have a Long Term
Maintenance Fund.
986:
672:
534:
422:
1006:
275:
8:
580:
573:
365:
236:
255:
112:
97:
66:
682:
677:
643:
198:
181:
107:
61:
618:
595:
463:
434:
260:
203:
76:
584:
391:
294:
191:
186:
622:
614:
569:
511:
407:
360:
160:
151:
127:
980:
244:
71:
506:
270:
227:
29:
667:
412:
386:
280:
218:
213:
176:
703:"Strata Title Buildings in the Philippines - Manila Makati Office Space"
662:
524:
493:
473:
165:
92:
46:
653:
Disputes under the Unit Titles Act are heard in the
Tenancy Tribunal.
565:
497:
458:
265:
483:
355:
345:
170:
132:
591:
285:
137:
739:"Government reviews Unit Titles Act to tighten apartment rules"
488:
340:
102:
617:, where the owners own the underlying land, or stratum in
520:
602:stairwells, driveways, roofs, gardens and so on.
579:Strata title was first introduced in 1961 in the
978:
542:
549:
535:
644:specialist body corporate management firm
613:A unit title can be either a stratum in
979:
737:Harris, Catherine (22 December 2016).
736:
16:Form of legal ownership for apartments
939:
937:
927:
925:
888:
886:
884:
874:
872:
870:
123:Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
806:
804:
828:Resource Management Act 1991, s 223
13:
934:
922:
881:
867:
14:
1023:
801:
605:
36:
964:
955:
946:
913:
904:
895:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
792:
783:
774:
765:
756:
730:
721:
695:
1:
688:
430:Lateral and subjacent support
397:Practicing without a license
7:
970:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 171
961:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 108
952:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 106
943:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 117
931:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 116
919:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 132
892:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 121
878:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 105
864:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 134
855:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 138
656:
10:
1028:
992:Real estate in New Zealand
910:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 39
901:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 38
846:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 16
837:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 32
819:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 76
810:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 54
798:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 53
762:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 87
323:Doctrine of worthier title
18:
789:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 5
780:Unit Titles Act 2010, s 7
454:Conflict of property laws
310:Rule against perpetuities
572:devised for multi-level
997:Australian property law
305:Restraint on alienation
21:Strata (disambiguation)
771:Land Transfer Act 1952
332:Nonpossessory interest
1012:Australian inventions
673:Homeowner association
634:each principal unit.
281:Action to quiet title
1002:Housing in Australia
727:Unit Titles Act 2010
276:Equitable conversion
19:For other uses, see
418:prior appropriation
366:Equitable servitude
448:Quicquid plantatur
256:Deeds registration
98:Adverse possession
67:Community property
683:Tenancy-in-common
678:Strata management
559:
558:
199:Concurrent estate
182:Defeasible estate
62:Personal property
1019:
971:
968:
962:
959:
953:
950:
944:
941:
932:
929:
920:
917:
911:
908:
902:
899:
893:
890:
879:
876:
865:
862:
856:
853:
847:
844:
838:
835:
829:
826:
820:
817:
811:
808:
799:
796:
790:
787:
781:
778:
772:
769:
763:
760:
754:
753:
751:
749:
734:
728:
725:
719:
718:
716:
714:
709:on 10 March 2017
705:. Archived from
699:
596:British Columbia
574:apartment blocks
551:
544:
537:
518:Higher category:
464:Security deposit
261:Estoppel by deed
204:Leasehold estate
77:Unowned property
40:
26:
25:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1016:
977:
976:
975:
974:
969:
965:
960:
956:
951:
947:
942:
935:
930:
923:
918:
914:
909:
905:
900:
896:
891:
882:
877:
868:
863:
859:
854:
850:
845:
841:
836:
832:
827:
823:
818:
814:
809:
802:
797:
793:
788:
784:
779:
775:
770:
766:
761:
757:
747:
745:
735:
731:
726:
722:
712:
710:
701:
700:
696:
691:
659:
608:
585:New South Wales
555:
516:
403:Property rights
401:
249:
187:Future interest
175:
152:Estates in land
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1025:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
973:
972:
963:
954:
945:
933:
921:
912:
903:
894:
880:
866:
857:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
729:
720:
693:
692:
690:
687:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
658:
655:
623:Torrens System
607:
606:In New Zealand
604:
570:housing tenure
557:
556:
554:
553:
546:
539:
531:
528:
527:
515:
514:
509:
504:
491:
486:
478:
477:
469:
468:
467:
466:
461:
456:
451:
444:
437:
432:
427:
426:
425:
420:
410:
408:Mineral rights
405:
399:
394:
389:
384:
376:
375:
374:Related topics
371:
370:
369:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
335:
334:
328:
327:
326:
325:
320:
317:Shelley's Case
312:
307:
299:
298:
291:
290:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
266:Quitclaim deed
263:
258:
253:
247:
242:
231:
230:
224:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
195:
194:
184:
179:
173:
168:
163:
161:Allodial title
155:
154:
148:
147:
146:
145:
140:
135:
130:
128:Treasure trove
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
87:
86:
82:
81:
80:
79:
74:
69:
64:
56:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1024:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
967:
958:
949:
940:
938:
928:
926:
916:
907:
898:
889:
887:
885:
875:
873:
871:
861:
852:
843:
834:
825:
816:
807:
805:
795:
786:
777:
768:
759:
744:
740:
733:
724:
708:
704:
698:
694:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
654:
651:
647:
645:
639:
635:
631:
627:
624:
620:
616:
611:
603:
599:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
564:is a form of
563:
552:
547:
545:
540:
538:
533:
532:
530:
529:
526:
522:
519:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
479:
475:
471:
470:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
449:
445:
443:
442:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
378:
377:
373:
372:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
338:
337:
336:
333:
330:
329:
324:
321:
319:
318:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
301:
300:
296:
293:
292:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
248:
246:
245:Torrens title
243:
241:
239:
235:
234:
233:
232:
229:
226:
225:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
193:
190:
189:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
157:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
89:
88:
84:
83:
78:
75:
73:
72:Real property
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
59:
58:
57:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
39:
35:
34:
31:
28:
27:
22:
987:Property law
966:
957:
948:
915:
906:
897:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
794:
785:
776:
767:
758:
746:. Retrieved
742:
732:
723:
711:. Retrieved
707:the original
697:
652:
648:
640:
636:
632:
628:
612:
609:
600:
589:
578:
562:Strata title
561:
560:
517:
507:Criminal law
484:Contract law
446:
439:
413:Water rights
316:
251:Strata title
250:
237:
228:Conveyancing
209:Condominiums
45:Part of the
30:Property law
1007:Condominium
668:Condominium
219:Land tenure
214:Real estate
177:Life estate
85:Acquisition
981:Categories
689:References
663:Commonhold
525:Common law
474:common law
435:Assignment
295:Future use
166:Fee simple
143:Alienation
47:common law
619:leasehold
566:ownership
459:Blackacre
392:Partition
240:purchaser
238:Bona fide
192:remainder
118:Accession
113:Discovery
743:Stuff NZ
713:20 March
657:See also
615:freehold
512:Evidence
489:Tort law
441:Nemo dat
423:riparian
382:Fixtures
361:Covenant
356:Usufruct
346:Easement
315:Rule in
271:Mortgage
171:Fee tail
133:Bailment
108:Conquest
748:17 June
592:Alberta
502:estates
297:control
286:Escheat
138:License
498:trusts
472:Other
351:Profit
49:series
581:state
494:Wills
476:areas
387:Waste
54:Types
750:2017
715:2017
568:and
523:and
500:and
341:Lien
103:Deed
93:Gift
583:of
521:Law
983::
936:^
924:^
883:^
869:^
803:^
741:.
594:,
496:,
752:.
717:.
550:e
543:t
536:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
