161:, while agreeing that these terms are "often used interchangeably", suggests that, "while an interior monologue may mirror all the half-thoughts, impressions, and associations that impinge upon the character's consciousness, it may also be restricted to an organized presentation of that character's rational thoughts".
175:
clattering the brains out of itself let me see if I can doze off 1 2 3 4 5 what kind of flowers are those they invented like the stars the wallpaper in
Lombard street was much nicer the apron he gave me was like that something only I only wore it twice better lower this lamp and try again so that I can get up early
154:'directly', without the apparent intervention of a summarizing and selecting narrator, it does not necessarily mingle them with impressions and perceptions, nor does it necessarily violate the norms of grammar, or logic â but the streamâofâconsciousness technique also does one or both of these things."
153:
suggests that "they can also be distinguished psychologically and literarily. In a psychological sense, stream of consciousness is the subject matter, while interior monologue is the technique for presenting it". And for literature, "while an interior monologue always presents a character's thoughts
174:
a quarter after what an unearthly hour I suppose theyre just getting up in China now combing out their pigtails for the day well soon have the nuns ringing the angelus theyve nobody coming in to spoil their sleep except an odd priest or two for his night office the alarmclock next door at cockshout
98:"consciousness, then, does not appear to itself as chopped up in bits ... it is nothing joined; it flows. A 'river' or a 'stream' are the metaphors by which it is most naturally described. In talking of it hereafter, let's call it the stream of thought, consciousness, or subjective life"
515:(1939), Joyce's method of stream of consciousness, literary allusions and free dream associations was pushed to the limit, abandoning all conventions of plot and character construction, and the book is written in a peculiar and obscure English, based mainly on complex multi-level puns.
148:
Stream of consciousness is a literary method of representing the flow of a character's thoughts and sense impressions "usually in an unpunctuated or disjointed form of interior monologue." While many sources use the terms stream of consciousness and interior monologue as synonyms, the
48:
which is disjointed or has irregular punctuation. The term was first used in 1855 and was first applied to a literary technique in 1918. While critics have pointed to various literary precursors, it was not until the 20th century that this technique was fully developed by
504:
represents a major example of the use of stream of consciousness, Joyce also uses "authorial description" and Free
Indirect Style to register Bloom's inner thoughts. Furthermore, the novel does not focus solely on interior experiences: "Bloom is constantly shown
320:
is also considered a pioneer work. It has been claimed that Hamsun was way ahead of his time with the use of stream of consciousness in two chapters in particular of this novel. British author Robert
Ferguson said: "Thereâs a lot of dreamlike aspects of
87:, when he wrote, "The concurrence of Sensations in one common stream of consciousnessâon the same cerebral highwayâenables those of different senses to be associated as readily as the sensations of the same sense". But the term is commonly credited to
368:), but Robert Humphrey comments that Proust "is concerned only with the reminiscent aspect of consciousness" and that he "was deliberately recapturing the past to communicate; hence he did not write a stream-of-consciousness novel". Novelist
764:, one critic comments that "ll Rushdie's novels follow an Indian/Islamic storytelling style, a stream-of-consciousness narrative told by a loquacious young Indian man". Other writers who use this narrative device include
372:
also argues that Proust did not use stream of consciousness: "while we are told what the hero thinks or what Swann thinks we are told this rather by the author than either by the 'I' of the story or by
Charles Swann."
484:. Although he did not pursue the idea further at the time, he eventually commenced work on a novel using both the title and basic premise in 1914. The writing was completed in October 1921. Serial publication of
189:
While the use of the narrative technique of stream of consciousness is usually associated with modernist novelists in the first part of the twentieth century, several precursors have been suggested, including
641:, "both in its concentration almost entirely within a single day of Firmin's life ... and in the range of interior monologues and stream of consciousness employed to represent the minds of characters".
1688:
72:
Stream of consciousness narratives continue to be used in modern prose and the term has been adopted to describe similar techniques in other art forms such as poetry, songwriting and film.
1754:
325:. In that book ... it is ... two chapters, where he invents stream of consciousness writing, in the early 1890s. This was long before Dorothy Richardson, Virginia Woolf and James Joyce".
731:, with the BBC stating, " Gilliam's unique animation style became crucial, segueing seamlessly between any two completely unrelated ideas and making the stream-of-consciousness work".
213:(1823) also used an early form of this writing style, characterized by long sentences with multiple qualifiers and expressions of anxiety from the narrator. Prior to the 19th century,
131:
590:(1929). However, Randell Stevenson suggests that "interior monologue, rather than stream of consciousness, is the appropriate term for the style in which is recorded, both in
809:(2000), according to one reviewer, "talks much as he writes â a forceful stream of consciousness, thoughts sprouting in all directions". Novelist John Banville describes
275:, also abandons strict linear time to record the internal consciousness of the protagonist. Because of his renunciation of chronology in favor of free association,
1734:
346:(1862â1931), in his short story '"Leutnant Gustl" ("None but the Brave", 1900), was the first to make full use of the stream of consciousness technique.
1768:
1218:
44:
or method that attempts "to depict the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind" of a narrator. It is usually in the form of an
534:
of an urban man, stricken with feelings of isolation and an incapability for decisive action," a work probably influenced by the narrative poetry of
244:, told by an unnamed narrator who endeavours to convince the reader of his sanity while describing a murder he committed, and it is often read as a
2586:
509:
all round; from inside as well as out; from a variety of points of view which range from the objective to the subjective". In his final work
718:
warns readers to "e prepared for streams of consciousness in which not only identity but time and space no longer confine the narrative".
312:(1892) as offering glimpses of the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative technique at the end of the nineteenth century. While
1534:
Freedom and
Commitment in Jean-Paul Sartre's "Les Chemins de la LibertĂ©", Masters Thesis, University of Canterbury. 1975. pp. 48â9.
805:
2915:
1797:
24:
454:
2598:
1811:
1495:
1355:
1250:
931:
1927:
527:
434:, is the first complete stream-of-consciousness novel published in English. However, in 1934, Richardson commented that "
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1889:
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is often presented as an early example of a writer using the stream of consciousness technique in his novel sequence
268:
360:
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462:, and references to a character's psychic reality rather than to his external surroundings. Joyce began writing
1417:
1106:
452:
was another pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness. Some hints of this technique are already present in
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2910:
2322:
1226:
289:"picked up a copy of Dujardin's novel ... in Paris in 1903" and "acknowledged a certain borrowing from it".
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93:
80:
866:
430:
1825:
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281:
1798:"'Anonymous Club' Review: Courtney Barnett Doc Sensitively Captures the Loneliness of the Solo Singer"
1163:
Khanom, Afruza. "Silence as
Literary Device in Ambrose Bierce's 'The Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.'
1035:
3222:
3028:
2292:
833:
756:
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335:(1881). It has been suggested that he influenced later stream-of-consciousness writers, including
252:, "when the occasion requires it ... applies Modernist stream of consciousness technique" in both
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1920:
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It was not until the twentieth century that this technique was fully developed by modernists.
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446:, and D.R. ... were all using 'the new method', though very differently, simultaneously".
214:
144:(first edition, 1922), considered a prime example of stream of consciousness writing styles
1251:
Interview with Robert
Ferguson in the second episode of the documentary television series
8:
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240:" (1843) foreshadows this literary technique in the nineteenth century. Poe's story is a
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is widely seen as a classic of world literature and a groundbreaking modernist novel,
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http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/8590/marshall_thesis.pdf?sequence=1
1519:
Karine
Germoni, "From Joyce to Beckett: The Beckettian Dramatic Interior Monologue".
1491:
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1992:
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1135:"Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore â The Life and Writings of Edgar Allan Poe"
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486:
233:
222:
199:
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116:. Richardson, however, described the term as a "lamentably ill-chosen metaphor".
865:'s song "A Life in the Day of Benjamin André (Incomplete)" off their 2003 album
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1377:, ed. Gloria G. Fromm Athens, Georgia, University of Georgia Press, 1995, 282.
19:
This article is about the literary device. For the pre-writing technique, see
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1784:"[Adam Bradley] Book of Rhymes the Poetics of Hip Hop Kindle Edition"
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Prominent uses in the years that followed the publication of James Joyce's
109:
20:
1844:
Transparent Minds: Narrative Modes for
Presenting Consciousness in Fiction
877:
Some filmmakers use the narrative technique. For example, the documentary
329:
has also been suggested as a significant precursor, in a work as early as
112:, in relation to the early volumes of Dorothy Richardson's novel sequence
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339:, who not only read some of his novels but also wrote essays about them.
326:
297:
286:
249:
135:
58:
1755:"Sun Kil Moon's new album shows us the limit of stream-of-consciousness"
799:
Stream of consciousness continues to appear in contemporary literature.
3046:
2951:
2643:
2559:
2554:
2234:
2204:
1952:
164:
In the following example of stream of consciousness from James Joyce's
1769:"City Lights: Down Under Indie Darling Courtney Barnett is Looking up"
1442:
738:'s novels are known for mixing stream of consciousness narrative with
2973:
2736:
2658:
2459:
2359:
2282:
2239:
2189:
2101:
2036:
1977:
1957:
1936:
1219:"Martin HumpĂĄl: Hamsun's modernism â Hamsunsenteret â Hamsunsenteret"
926:
698:
The technique continued to be used into the 1970s in a novel such as
624:
592:
466:
in 1907 and it was first serialised in the
English literary magazine
50:
45:
2118:
1783:
1063:. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984), p. 661; see also Robert Humphrey,
3174:
2981:
2665:
2633:
2545:
2540:
2419:
2364:
2297:
2254:
2019:
2008:
1735:"Review: Sun Kil Moon's 'Common' is a Stream-of-Consciousness Epic"
1321:(Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California, 1954), p. 4.
1134:
3109:
2873:
2741:
2697:
2692:
2622:
2444:
2434:
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2071:
1432:(7th edition). (Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, 1996), p. 272.
1292:
A Writer's Diary: Being Extracts from the Diary of Virginia Woolf
862:
739:
725:
produced an innovative stream-of-consciousness for their TV show
1812:"Ultimate Guide to Terrence Malick and His Directing Techniques"
1675:
The Life of Polycrates and Other Stories for Antiquated Children
827:
The twenty-first century brought further exploration, including
3113:
2863:
2648:
2424:
2331:
2090:
1165:
Teaching American Literature: A Journal of Theory and Practice.
850:
435:
130:
1203:
James Wood. "Addicted to Unpredictability." 26 November 1998.
1154:, edited Donna Tussing Orwin. Cambridge University Press, 2002
3120:
2687:
2638:
2616:
2369:
2354:
1083:. Bainbridge, New York: York MailâPrint, Inc. p. xxxiv.
1067:(1954). University of California Press, 1972, fn. 13, p. 127.
1000:. (Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky, 1992), p. 39.
1905:
1375:
Windows of Modernism: Selected Letters of Dorothy Richardson
1077:
Bain, Robert (1971). "Introduction". In Bain, Robert (ed.).
2858:
2653:
2014:
819:(1999), as written in "a fevered stream of consciousness".
1397:
A Reader's Guide to the Twentieth-Century Novel in Britain
472:
in 1914 and 1915. Earlier in 1906, Joyce, when working on
1621:
Sarah Keating, "Tales from the Other Side of the Track".
1180:. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1992, p. 227, fn 14.
1040:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 24 Sep. 2012.
837:(2002) and many of the short stories of American author
1689:"Participating in a musician's stream of consciousness"
1038:
EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online
849:
Stream of consciousness technique is also used in song
689:
trilogy of novels, most prominently in the second book
1884:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 119.
1091:. Facsimile reproduction of 1823 Baltimore edition by
976:
ed. Chris Baldick, Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2009, p. 212.
760:(1994) and many of his short stories. With regard to
104:
The term was first applied in a literary context in
1851:
Stream of Consciousness: A Study in Literary Method
1472:. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1992, p. 55;
1295:. Harcourt. pp. 33, 39â40, 58, 86, 215, 301, 351.
1050:Joyce p. 642 (Bodley Head edition (1960), p. 930).
1022:May Sinclair, 'The Novels of Dorothy Richardson',
964:. (Harmondsworth, Penguin Books,1984), pp. 660â1).
412:T. S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
385:Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,
3214:
1870:Sachs, Oliver. "In the River of Consciousness."
1826:"'You Won't be Alone' review: Waking the Witch"
1582:Giles Harvey, "Minds Are The Strangest Thing".
285:(1887) is also an important precursor. Indeed,
1634:"The agony and the irony", Stephanie Merritt.
1488:Mrs Dalloway: Mapping Streams of Consciousness
1343:
721:Although loosely structured as a sketch show,
596:and in Woolf's writing generally." Throughout
381:When the evening is spread out against the sky
83:used the term in 1855 in the first edition of
1921:
1399:. University of Kentucky Press, 1993, p. 41.
1370:In a letter to the bookseller and publisher
996:(I, pp.239â43) quoted in Randall Stevenson,
389:Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
1858:Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel
1647:"Amulet by Roberto Bolaño", John Banville.
1337:
1319:Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel
1246:
1244:
1065:Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel
887:is narrated using stream-of-consciousness.
861:use it in their songs. An early example is
397:To lead you to an overwhelming question ...
393:Streets that follow like a tedious argument
391:And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells:
296:'s short stories and plays (1881â1904) and
1928:
1914:
1867:. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1992.
428:of 13 semi-autobiographical novels titled
349:
1412:(New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 265â66.
1269:. New York: Harcourt Brace. p. 299.
1026:, Vol. 5, No. 4, (April 1908), pp. 57â58.
806:A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius
1686:
1447:, Vol. 67, No. 3 (Autumn, 1990), p. 395.
1241:
1193:. Vol.22, no. 11, 1 June 2000, pp. 36â7.
129:
25:Stream of consciousness (disambiguation)
1485:
822:
455:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
424:(1915), the first work in Richardson's
3215:
2599:Types of fiction with multiple endings
1660:"A nine-year-old and 9/11", Tim Adams
1334:, New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 498
1306:"stream of consciousness â literature"
1264:
600:, Woolf blurs the distinction between
383:Like a patient etherized upon a table;
342:However, it has also been argued that
271:" (1890), by another American author,
1909:
1612:, Vol. 65, No. 2, Jun. 1993, p. 381.
1408:McCoy, Kathleen, and Harlan, Judith.
500:was finally published in 1922. While
184:
1600:(Westport: Greenwood, 2001), p. 384.
1598:Encyclopedia of Postcolonial Studies
1550:, issue 17 (August 1976), pp. 26â27.
1347:The Pilgrimage of Dorothy Richardson
1121:"The Tell-Tale Heart â story by Poe"
1076:
972:
970:
932:Stream of consciousness (psychology)
872:
518:Another early example is the use of
1474:Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms
1458:Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms
891:'s films use it as well. 2022 film
528:The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
151:Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms
16:Narrative device used in literature
13:
1865:Modernist Fiction: An Introduction
1152:The Cambridge Companion to Tolstoy
998:Modernist Fiction: An Introduction
986:London: J. W. Parker, 1855, p.359.
404:In the room, the women come and go
14:
3244:
3002:Third-person omniscient narrative
1781:
1490:. Twayne Publishers. p. 46.
1253:Guddommelig galskap â Knut Hamsun
967:
540:Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister
269:An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
75:
1523:, Spring 2004, Vol. 13, issue 2.
1428:William Harmon & C. Holman,
1167:Spring 6.1 (2013): 45â52. Print.
647:, a friend of James Joyce, uses
232:It has also been suggested that
225:, discussed the concept of the "
1881:Comparative Criticism, Volume 4
1836:
1818:
1804:
1790:
1775:
1761:
1747:
1727:
1680:
1667:
1654:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1603:
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1513:
1504:
1479:
1463:
1451:
1435:
1422:
1402:
1389:
1380:
1364:
1324:
1312:
1298:
1283:
1258:
1211:
1196:
1183:
1170:
1157:
1145:
1127:
1113:
1070:
545:
2390:Conflict between good and evil
1561:"Monty Python's Flying Circus"
1061:A Dictionary of Literary Terms
1053:
1044:
1029:
1016:
1003:
990:
979:
962:A Dictionary of Literary Terms
954:
844:
685:employed the technique in his
179:
159:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online
1:
1935:
1693:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
1651:, Saturday 12 September 2009.
1510:Randall Stevenson, pp. 89â90.
947:
742:vernacular. Examples include
401:Let us go and make our visit.
399:Oh, do not ask, "What is it?"
361:Ă la recherche du temps perdu
119:
1877:
1410:English Literature From 1785
1267:A Glossary of Literary Terms
728:Monty Python's Flying Circus
248:. George R. Clay notes that
94:The Principles of Psychology
85:The Senses and the Intellect
7:
1350:. Univ of Wisconsin Press.
900:
867:Speakerboxxx/The Love Below
91:who used it in 1890 in his
10:
3249:
1521:Journal of Beckett Studies
1105:: CS1 maint: postscript (
379:Let us go then, you and I,
123:
18:
3065:
3037:
3029:Stream of unconsciousness
2972:
2716:
2607:
2560:Falling action/Catastasis
2505:
2410:
2345:
2268:
2080:
1943:
1705:10.1017/S0140525X19002759
1189:James Wood, "Ramblings".
1013:, 56, March 1948, p. 189.
834:Everything is Illuminated
784:Immortality in the pocket
757:How Late It Was, How Late
712:(1975), concerning which
608:, freely alternating her
406:Talking of Michelangelo.
2397:Self-fulfilling prophecy
1872:New York Review of Books
1687:Vickhoff, Björn (2020).
1430:A Handbook to Literature
681:" (1957). French writer
677:). and the short story "
282:Les Lauriers sont coupés
3024:Stream of consciousness
2487:Suspension of disbelief
1486:Dowling, David (1991).
1344:Joanne Winning (2000).
1332:Enjoyment of Literature
350:Early twentieth century
38:stream of consciousness
2565:Denouement/Catastrophe
2546:Rising action/Epitasis
1878:Shaffer, E.S. (1984).
1265:Abrams, M. H. (1999).
1205:London Review of Books
1191:London Review of Books
1036:"interior monologue."
853:. Songwriters such as
745:The Busconductor Hines
679:From an Abandoned Work
614:omniscient description
587:The Sound and the Fury
409:
387:The muttering retreats
366:In Search of Lost Time
242:first person narrative
177:
145:
23:. For other uses, see
2911:Utopian and dystopian
1638:, Sunday 14 May 2000.
1095:, two volumes in one.
922:Psychological fiction
496:began in March 1918.
376:
172:
170:, Molly seeks sleep:
133:
3233:Narrative techniques
2465:Narrative techniques
2245:Story within a story
2057:Supporting character
1863:Randell, Stevenson.
1677:. Chomu Press, 2010.
1664:, Sunday 29 May 2005
917:Modernist literature
907:Free indirect speech
829:Jonathan Safran Foer
823:Twenty-first century
561:La coscienza di Zeno
3170:Political narrative
3012:Unreliable narrator
2869:Speculative fiction
2577:Nonlinear narrative
2525:Three-act structure
2385:Deal with the Devil
1814:. 2 September 2022.
1610:American Literature
1395:Randell Stevenson.
1176:Randell StevensonJ
700:Robert Anton Wilson
458:(1916), along with
395:Of insidious intent
238:The Tell-Tale Heart
217:philosophers, like
196:psychological novel
3148:Narrative paradigm
3143:Narrative identity
3073:Dominant narrative
3019:Multiple narrators
2303:Fictional location
2146:Dramatic structure
1874:, 15 January 2004.
1856:Humphrey, Robert.
1849:Friedman, Melvin.
1782:Okeke, Ikechukwu.
1771:. 31 January 2022.
1289:Woolf (March 2003)
1229:on 8 February 2018
1207:. 8 November 2008
894:You Won't Be Alone
776:Soviet underground
649:interior monologue
621:interior monologue
532:dramatic monologue
520:interior monologue
460:interior monologue
332:Portrait of a Lady
267:The short story, "
246:dramatic monologue
185:Beginnings to 1900
146:
126:Internal monologue
63:Dorothy Richardson
46:interior monologue
34:literary criticism
3210:
3209:
3153:Narrative therapy
2587:television series
2532:Freytag's Pyramid
2375:Moral development
2278:Alternate history
1988:False protagonist
1673:Brendan Connell,
1548:The Fortean Times
1532:Marshall, T. E.
1497:978-0-8057-9414-4
1470:Modernist Fiction
1357:978-0-299-17034-9
1223:hamsunsenteret.no
1178:Modernist Fiction
883:about songwriter
873:Dialogue in films
715:The Fortean Times
637:(1947) resembles
634:Under the Volcano
610:mode of narration
577:To the Lighthouse
493:The Little Review
370:John Cowper Powys
344:Arthur Schnitzler
108:, April 1918, by
3240:
3223:1850s neologisms
3133:Literary science
2676:Narrative poetry
2572:Linear narrative
2482:Stylistic device
2477:Show, don't tell
2440:Figure of speech
2230:Shaggy dog story
1973:Characterization
1930:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1665:
1658:
1652:
1645:
1639:
1632:
1626:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1596:John C. Hawley,
1594:
1588:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1483:
1477:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1439:
1433:
1426:
1420:
1406:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1262:
1256:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1225:. Archived from
1215:
1209:
1200:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1096:
1074:
1068:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1011:Life and Letters
1007:
1001:
994:
988:
983:
977:
974:
965:
958:
885:Courtney Barnett
859:Courtney Barnett
734:Scottish writer
687:Roads to Freedom
683:Jean-Paul Sartre
582:William Faulkner
490:in the magazine
480:under the title
415:
277:Ădouard Dujardin
236:'s short story "
227:train of thought
53:writers such as
3248:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3228:Style (fiction)
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3138:Literary theory
3078:Fiction writing
3061:
3033:
2968:
2720:
2712:
2603:
2501:
2406:
2341:
2264:
2135:Deus ex machina
2076:
2062:Title character
2047:Stock character
1993:Focal character
1939:
1934:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1828:. 2 April 2022.
1824:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1800:. 14 July 2022.
1796:
1795:
1791:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1743:. 3 March 2017.
1733:
1732:
1728:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1531:
1527:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1484:
1480:
1468:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1423:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1386:Deming, p. 749.
1385:
1381:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1098:
1097:
1075:
1071:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
995:
991:
984:
980:
975:
968:
959:
955:
950:
903:
889:Terrence Malick
875:
847:
839:Brendan Connell
825:
651:in novels like
606:indirect speech
548:
536:Robert Browning
417:
413:
411:
408:
405:
403:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
380:
352:
234:Edgar Allan Poe
223:Bishop Berkeley
200:Tristram Shandy
192:Laurence Sterne
187:
182:
157:Similarly, the
128:
122:
78:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3246:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3202:Verisimilitude
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3107:
3105:Parallel novel
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2747:Action fiction
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2548:
2543:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2310:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:Self-insertion
2222:
2217:
2212:
2210:Poetic justice
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:Character flaw
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1890:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1842:Cohn, Dorrit.
1838:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1817:
1803:
1789:
1774:
1760:
1746:
1726:
1679:
1666:
1653:
1640:
1627:
1614:
1602:
1589:
1586:, 20 May 2013.
1584:The New Yorker
1574:
1552:
1540:
1525:
1512:
1503:
1496:
1478:
1462:
1450:
1434:
1421:
1401:
1388:
1379:
1363:
1356:
1336:
1323:
1311:
1297:
1282:
1275:
1257:
1240:
1210:
1195:
1182:
1169:
1156:
1144:
1126:
1112:
1069:
1059:J. A. Cuddon,
1052:
1043:
1028:
1015:
1002:
989:
978:
966:
960:J. A. Cuddon,
952:
951:
949:
946:
945:
944:
942:Associationism
939:
937:Persona poetry
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
902:
899:
897:also uses it.
880:Anonymous Club
874:
871:
846:
843:
824:
821:
811:Roberto Bolaño
762:Salman Rushdie
751:A Disaffection
706:collaborative
645:Samuel Beckett
566:Virginia Woolf
547:
544:
512:Finnegans Wake
444:Virginia Woolf
377:
375:
351:
348:
337:Virginia Woolf
292:Some point to
273:Ambrose Bierce
215:associationist
186:
183:
181:
178:
121:
118:
81:Alexander Bain
77:
76:Origin of term
74:
67:Virginia Woolf
42:narrative mode
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3245:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3187:Screenwriting
3185:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Second-person
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Magic realism
2894:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:Psychological
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:Philosophical
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:Autobiography
2730:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:Narrative art
2669:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:Flash fiction
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Act structure
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2337:Worldbuilding
2335:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2184:KishĆtenketsu
2181:
2179:
2178:
2177:In medias res
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Foreshadowing
2154:
2152:
2151:Eucatastrophe
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2114:Chekhov's gun
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:Gothic double
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:Deuteragonist
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:Character arc
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1893:
1891:9780521332002
1887:
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1882:
1876:
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1859:
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1821:
1813:
1807:
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1742:
1741:
1740:Rolling Stone
1736:
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1710:
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1276:9780155054523
1272:
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1140:
1139:www.eapoe.org
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953:
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938:
935:
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364:(1913â1927) (
363:
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2997:Third-person
2987:First-person
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2166:Flashforward
2133:
2107:Origin story
2089:
2052:Straight man
2007:
1895:. Retrieved
1880:
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788:Irvine Welsh
783:
780:Pavel Ulitin
774:(1963), the
771:The Bell Jar
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736:James Kelman
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723:Monty Python
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669:L'innommable
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21:Free writing
3197:Tellability
3163:Metafiction
3158:Narratology
2930:Theological
2822:Pop culture
2703:Short story
2681:Epic poetry
2402:Time travel
2215:Red herring
2200:Plot device
2171:Frame story
2124:Cliffhanger
2067:Tritagonist
2042:Protagonist
1625:3 May 2012.
1623:Irish Times
1080:Seventy-Six
845:Song lyrics
801:Dave Eggers
704:Robert Shea
664:Malone Dies
574:(1925) and
556:Italo Svevo
524:T. S. Eliot
450:James Joyce
440:James Joyce
327:Henry James
298:Knut Hamsun
287:James Joyce
258:(1869) and
250:Leo Tolstoy
210:Seventy-Six
180:Development
136:James Joyce
59:James Joyce
3217:Categories
3083:Continuity
2952:Nonfiction
2916:Underwater
2812:Picaresque
2787:Historical
2772:Epistolary
2644:Fairy tale
2555:Peripeteia
2537:Exposition
2293:Dreamworld
2235:Stereotype
2205:Plot twist
1953:Antagonist
1897:12 January
1418:006467150X
1330:"Proust".
1024:The Egoist
1009:"Novels",
948:References
740:Glaswegian
469:The Egoist
464:A Portrait
431:Pilgrimage
124:See also:
120:Definition
114:Pilgrimage
106:The Egoist
2974:Narration
2923:Superhero
2847:Chivalric
2832:Religious
2817:Political
2752:Adventure
2737:Biography
2659:Tall tale
2507:Structure
2492:Symbolism
2460:Narration
2360:Leitmotif
2288:Crossover
2283:Backstory
2240:Story arc
2190:MacGuffin
2161:Flashback
2102:Backstory
1978:Confidant
1958:Archenemy
1945:Character
1937:Narrative
1721:218974626
1567:24 August
1476:, p. 212.
1460:, p. 212.
1233:9 October
1101:cite book
1093:John Neal
927:Soliloquy
813:'s novel
695:(1945).
631:'s novel
625:soliloquy
593:The Waves
474:Dubliners
323:Mysteries
318:Mysteries
309:Mysteries
205:John Neal
134:Cover of
51:modernist
3180:Glossary
3175:Rhetoric
2982:Diegesis
2962:Creative
2935:Thriller
2884:Southern
2802:Paranoid
2797:Nautical
2708:Vignette
2666:Gamebook
2634:Folklore
2541:Protasis
2420:Allegory
2365:Metaphor
2323:parallel
2318:universe
2298:Dystopia
2255:Suspense
2141:Dialogue
2129:Conflict
2037:Narrator
2009:Hamartia
1713:32460912
1699:: e117.
1089:40318310
901:See also
796:(1993).
754:(1989),
748:(1984),
657:(1951),
618:indirect
612:between
564:(1923),
554:include
264:(1878).
203:(1757).
3110:Prequel
3066:Related
3052:Present
2945:Western
2901:Science
2874:Fantasy
2842:Romance
2792:Mystery
2777:Ergodic
2742:Fiction
2698:Parable
2693:Novella
2623:Fabliau
2594:Premise
2445:Imagery
2435:Diction
2313:country
2270:Setting
2250:Subplot
2072:Villain
2025:Byronic
1860:, 1954.
1853:, 1955.
1846:, 1978.
1445:Italica
863:Outkast
778:writer
671:(1953:
661:(1951;
639:Ulysses
552:Ulysses
502:Ulysses
498:Ulysses
487:Ulysses
482:Ulysses
167:Ulysses
141:Ulysses
3114:Sequel
3098:Retcon
3093:Reboot
3057:Future
2891:Horror
2879:Gothic
2864:Satire
2782:Erotic
2649:Legend
2551:Climax
2425:Bathos
2332:Utopia
2220:Reveal
2119:Cliché
2097:Action
2091:Ab ovo
2030:Tragic
1888:
1719:
1711:
1494:
1416:
1354:
1273:
1087:
851:lyrics
816:Amulet
786:, and
667:) and
654:Molloy
623:, and
602:direct
436:Proust
426:series
314:Hunger
303:Hunger
3121:Genre
3088:Canon
3039:Tense
2957:Novel
2940:Urban
2852:Prose
2837:Rogue
2762:Crime
2757:Comic
2718:Genre
2688:Novel
2639:Fable
2617:Drama
2582:films
2412:Style
2380:Motif
2370:Moral
2355:Irony
2347:Theme
2260:Trope
1717:S2CID
1563:. BBC
40:is a
3126:List
3047:Past
2906:Hard
2859:Saga
2767:Docu
2723:List
2654:Myth
2609:Form
2497:Tone
2470:Hook
2455:Mood
2450:Mode
2308:city
2195:Pace
2082:Plot
2020:Anti
2015:Hero
1998:Foil
1899:2011
1886:ISBN
1709:PMID
1569:2019
1492:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1235:2017
1107:link
1085:OCLC
857:and
604:and
507:from
414:1915
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