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170:, in which identical symbols refer to identical perceptual primitives (e.g., blobs or edges). Every substring of such a string represents a spatially contiguous part of an interpretation, so that the entire string can be read as a reconstruction recipe for the interpretation and, thereby, for the stimulus. These strings then are encoded (i.e., they are searched for visual regularities) to find the interpretation with the simplest code.
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A simplest code is a code with minimum information load, that is, a code that enables a reconstruction of the stimulus using a minimum number of descriptive parameters. Such a code is obtained by capturing a maximum amount of visual regularity and yields a hierarchical organization of the stimulus in
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A crucial difference with respect to the traditionally considered transformational formalization of visual regularity is that, holographically, mirror symmetry is composed of many relationships between symmetry pairs rather than one relationship between symmetry halves. Whereas the transformational
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To obtain simplest codes, SIT applies coding rules that capture the kinds of regularity called iteration, symmetry, and alternation. These have been shown to be the only regularities that satisfy the formal criteria of (a) being holographic regularities that (b) allow for hierarchically transparent
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The assumption that the visual system prefers simplest interpretations is called the simplicity principle. Historically, the simplicity principle is an information-theoretical translation of the
Gestalt law of Prägnanz, which was inspired by the natural tendency of physical systems to settle into
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This encoding is performed by way of symbol manipulation, which, in psychology, has led to critical statements of the sort of "SIT assumes that the brain performs symbol manipulation". Such statements, however, fall in the same category as statements such as "physics assumes that nature applies
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Crucial to the latter finding is the distinction between, and integration of, viewpoint-independent and viewpoint-dependent factors in vision, as proposed in SIT's empirically successful model of amodal completion. In the
Bayesian framework, these factors correspond to prior probabilities and
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The perceptual relevance of the criteria of holography and transparency has been verified in the holographic approach to visual regularity. It also explains that the detectability of mirror symmetries and Glass pattens in the presence of noise follows a psychophysical law that improves on
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and in particular about visual perceptual organization, which is a neuro-cognitive process. It has been applied to a wide range of research topics, mostly in visual form perception but also in, for instance, visual ergonomics,
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conditional probabilities, respectively. In SIT's model, however, both factors are quantified in terms of complexities, that is, complexities of objects and of their spatial relationships, respectively.
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Ungerleider, L. G., & Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In D. J. Ingle, M. A. Goodale, & R. J. W. Mansfield (Eds.),
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van der Helm, P. A., & Leeuwenberg, E. L. J. (1991). Accessibility, a criterion for regularity and hierarchy in visual pattern codes.
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van Lier, R. J., van der Helm, P. A., & Leeuwenberg, E. L. J. (1994). Integrating global and local aspects of visual occlusion.
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van der Helm, P. A., & Leeuwenberg, E. L. J. (1996). Goodness of visual regularities: A nontransformational approach.
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van der Helm, P. A. (2000). Simplicity versus likelihood in visual perception: From surprisals to precisals.
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relatively stable states defined by a minimum of free-energy. Furthermore, just as the later-proposed
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Hochberg, J. E., & McAlister, E. (1953). A quantitative approach to figural "goodness".
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In SIT's formal coding model, candidate interpretations of a stimulus are represented by
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It may require cleanup to comply with
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van der Helm, P. A. (2010). Weber-Fechner behaviour in symmetry perception?
359:(J. P. C. Southall, Trans.). New York: Dover. (Original work published 1909)
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Simplicity in vision: A multidisciplinary account of perceptual organization
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Structural information theory: The simplicity of visual form
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Leeuwenberg, E. L. J. & van der Helm, P. A. (2013).
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Neural processing for individual categories of objects
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346:(pp. 549—586). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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