1092:
1085:
1078:
972:
965:
979:
372:
379:
365:
1331:
1157:
1137:
1298:
1402:
1171:
1164:
1130:
1123:
485:
478:
471:
1277:
1376:
759:) are structurally equivalent to each other, as are the two carbons; because any hydrogen can be switched with any other, either by a permutation that swaps just those two atoms, or by a permutation that swaps the two carbons and each hydrogen in one methyl group with a different hydrogen on the other methyl. Either operation preserves the structure of the molecule. That is the case also for the hydrogen atoms
1255:
25:
1354:
921:. However, with that replacement, the atom permutations that moved that hydrogen are no longer valid. Only one permutation remains, that corresponds to flipping the molecule over while keeping the chlorine fixed. The five remaining hydrogens then fall into three different equivalence classes: the one opposite to the chlorine is a class by itself (called the
626:. The infrared spectrum is largely determined by the vibration modes of the molecule, and functional groups like hydroxyl and esters have very different vibration modes. Thus 1-propanol and 2-propanol have relatively similar infrared spectra because of the hydroxyl group, which are fairly different from that of methyl ethyl ether.
917:. Its six hydrogens are all structurally equivalent, and so are the six carbons; because the structure is not changed if the atoms are permuted in ways that correspond to flipping the molecule over or rotating it by multiples of 60 degrees. Therefore, replacing any hydrogen by chlorine yields only one
671:
atoms (H) may yield any of two structural isotopomers (1,1-dideuteroethene and 1,2-dideuteroethene), if both carbon atoms are the same isotope. If, in addition, the two carbons are different isotopes (say, C and C), there would be three distinct structural isotopomers, since 1-C-1,1-dideuteroethene
1195:
Enumerating or counting structural isomers in general is a difficult problem, since one must take into account several bond types (including delocalized ones), cyclic structures, and structures that cannot possibly be realized due to valence or geometric constraints, and non-separable tautomers.
697:
if each atom of A can be paired with an atom of B of the same element, in a one-to-one way, so that for every bond in A there is a bond in B, of the same type, between corresponding atoms; and vice versa. This requirement applies also to complex bonds that involve three or more atoms, such as the
909:
Once a substitution is made on a parent molecule, its structural symmetry is usually reduced, meaning that atoms that were formerly equivalent may no longer be so. Thus substitution of two or more equivalent atoms by the same element may generate more than one positional isomer.
1041:
On the other hand, the second replacement (by the same substituent) may preserve or even increase the symmetry of the molecule, and thus may preserve or reduce the number of equivalence classes for the next replacement. Thus, the four remaining hydrogens in
807:
Structural equivalences between atoms of a parent molecule reduce the number of positional isomers that can be obtained by replacing those atoms for a different element or group. Thus, for example, the structural equivalence between the six hydrogens of
794:
are not all structurally equivalent. The six hydrogens attached to the first and third carbons are equivalent, as in ethane, and the two attached to the middle carbon are equivalent to each other; but there is no equivalence between these two
656:) one may treat different isotopes of the same element as different elements. In the second case, two molecules with the same number of atoms of each isotope but distinct bonding schemes are said to be
881:
are partitioned into two structural equivalence classes (the six on the methyl groups, and the two on the central carbon); therefore there are only two positional isomers of propanol (
708:
Two molecules then can be said to be structural isomers (or, if isotopes matter, structural isotopomers) if they have the same molecular formula but do not have the same structure.
1054:- are all equivalent again. Still, some of these 3 + 2 + 1 = 6 substitutions end up yielding the same structure, so there are only three structurally distinct
270:, in which the atoms and bonding scheme are the same, but only the relative spatial arrangement of the atoms is different. Examples of the latter are the
327:
of a compound is a structural isomer that differs from it in the atoms and bonds that are considered to comprise the "skeleton" of the molecule. For
672:
would be different from 1-C-2,2-dideuteroethene. And, in both cases, the 1,2-dideutero structural isotopomer would occur as two stereoisotopomers,
720:
of the atoms that exchanges at least two atoms but does not change the molecule's structure. Two atoms then can be said to be structurally
425:
705:
Depending on the context, one may require that each atom be paired with an atom of the same isotope, not just of the same element.
649:
1211:
having different bond connectivities. Seven of them are air-stable at room temperature, and these are given in the table below.
1740:
1597:
1549:
1729:
1709:
1689:
1669:
1621:
1559:
1534:
1511:
667:
would have no structural isomers under the first interpretation; but replacing two of the hydrogen atoms (H) by
615:
are structural isomers, but not functional isomers, since they have the same significant functional group (the
90:
is another compound whose molecule has the same number of atoms of each element, but with logically distinct
731:
are structurally equivalent, because any permutation of them will preserve all the bonds of the molecule.
1449:
1115:, which is benzene with one hydroxyl substituent and two methyl substituents, has a total of 6 isomers:
179:
The concept applies also to polyatomic ions with the same total charge. A classical example is the
1310:
1571:
1439:
1434:
1111:
If the substituents at each step are different, there will usually be more structural isomers.
1067:
1063:
1059:
772:
653:
222:
623:
519:
35:
721:
42:
933:). Thus a second substitution of hydrogen by chlorine can yield three positional isomers:
8:
1222:
950:
942:
934:
588:
453:
121:
1588:
Poppe, Laszlo; Nagy, Jozsef; Hornyanszky, Gabor; Boros, Zoltan; Mihaly, Nogradi (2016).
515:
511:
1758:
1395:
645:
1502:
Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell (2009):
1725:
1705:
1685:
1665:
1617:
1593:
1555:
1530:
1507:
1217:
796:
162:
87:
522:, each of which has three double bonds, but on different positions along the chain.
1638:
1476:
1055:
699:
534:
442:
441:) are structural isomers that can be viewed as differing only on the position of a
328:
241:
196:
622:
Besides the different chemistry, functional isomers typically have very different
1660:
1425:
of the carbonyl isomers (propionaldehyde and acetone), but these are not stable.
1369:
1291:
409:
50:
1468:
592:
46:
1752:
1270:
1248:
1235:
1227:
978:
971:
964:
918:
784:
143:
91:
16:
Chemical compounds with the same atoms but arranged and connected differently
1643:
1481:
289:
Among the structural isomers, one can distinguish several classes including
1444:
760:
267:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1023:
717:
537:, resulting in significantly different chemical and physical properties.
502:
497:
492:
446:
378:
371:
1388:
886:
882:
635:
612:
608:
400:
395:
351:
347:
271:
1330:
1199:
For example, there are nine structural isomers with molecular formula
364:
1156:
1136:
716:
Structural symmetry of a molecule can be defined mathematically as a
668:
188:
71:
1297:
426:
Arene substitution pattern § Ortho, meta, and para substitution
1527:
Useful
Principles in Chemistry for Agriculture and Nursing Students
1422:
1401:
894:
776:
768:
616:
565:
541:
307:
283:
644:
of the same element. However, in some situations (for instance in
484:
477:
470:
463:
parent molecule can give any of three different position isomers:
335:, that usually means the carbon atoms and the bonds between them.
1375:
1347:
1324:
1112:
1027:
914:
898:
890:
858:
833:
791:
728:
641:
576:
553:
457:
390:
339:
332:
180:
102:
1276:
1254:
195:. It is also extended to ionic compounds, so that (for example)
1046:-dichlorobenzene still fall into three classes, while those of
1035:
1031:
1019:
925:
position), the two closest to the chlorine form another class (
809:
780:
764:
735:
724:
if there is a structural symmetry that takes one to the other.
664:
569:
263:
1590:
1170:
1163:
1129:
1122:
564:: the first has a –C(=O)H functional group, which makes it an
1200:
604:
83:
568:, whereas the second has a C–C(=O)–C group, that makes it a
452:
For example, replacing one of the 12 hydrogen atoms –H by a
1419:
711:
274:, whose molecules are mirror images of each other, and the
207:
1353:
1587:
449:, or some other feature on the same "parent" structure.
640:
In chemistry, one usually ignores distinctions between
1548:
William F. Bynum, E. Janet Browne, Roy Porter (2014):
702:
in the benzene molecule and other aromatic compounds.
683:
419:
904:
889:). Likewise there are only two positional isomers of
802:
1190:
832:means that there is just one structural isomer of
693:Two molecules (including polyatomic ions) A and B
412:, as in the above example, one may use the term
338:For example, there are three skeletal isomers of
262:Structural isomerism is the most radical type of
1750:
1702:A Textbook of Science for the Health Professions
1592:. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH. pp. 26–27.
1309:Tautomeric with prop-1-en-1-ol, which has both
929:), and the remaining two are the third class (
727:Thus, for example, all four hydrogen atoms of
221:are considered structural isomers, and so are
913:The classical example is the derivatives of
533:are structural isomers which have different
1544:
1542:
176:but are three distinct structural isomers.
1682:General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
1521:
1519:
346:-pentane (often called simply "pentane"),
1720:Jean-Loup Faulon, Andreas Bender (2010):
1661:Contemporary Theory of Chemical Isomerism
1642:
1480:
790:On the other hand, the hydrogen atoms of
688:
629:
1714:
1694:
1674:
1635:IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1626:
1581:
1564:
1539:
1504:Introduction to Organic and Biochemistry
1461:
712:Structural symmetry and equivalent atoms
98:was formerly used for the same concept.
1722:Handbook of Chemoinformatics Algorithms
1652:
1606:
1516:
1496:
1018:For the same reason, there is only one
525:
1751:
1741:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
1612:D. Brynn Hibbert, A.M. James (1987):
318:
1551:Dictionary of the History of Science
510:Another example of regioisomers are
18:
684:Structural equivalence and symmetry
420:Position isomerism (regioisomerism)
13:
905:Symmetry breaking by substitutions
14:
1770:
1614:Macmillan Dictionary of Chemistry
803:Symmetry and positional isomerism
1400:
1374:
1352:
1329:
1296:
1275:
1253:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1090:
1083:
1076:
977:
970:
963:
857:, not 6. The eight hydrogens of
483:
476:
469:
377:
370:
363:
23:
1734:
1418:Two structural isomers are the
1191:Isomer enumeration and counting
1117:
1072:
959:
734:Likewise, all six hydrogens of
465:
356:
1050:- fall into two, and those of
1:
1455:
49:in tone and meet Knowledge's
1342:Tautomeric with propen-2-ol
1022:(hydroxybenzene), but three
619:–OH) and are both alcohols.
575:Another example is the pair
358:Skeletal isomers of pentane
7:
1684:, 7th edition. 1232 pages.
1450:Metamerism (disambiguation)
1428:
1030:(methylbenzene), but three
10:
1775:
1680:H. Stephen Stoker (2015):
1529:, 2nd Edition. 281 pages.
1469:"Constitutional isomerism"
1412:
1409:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1252:
1247:
633:
423:
1700:Barry G. Hinwood (1997):
1658:Zdenek Slanina (1986):
1649:online ver. 3.0.1 2019.
1644:10.1351/goldbook.I03352
1525:Peter P. Mumba (2018):
1482:10.1351/goldbook.C01285
1105:1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene
1102:1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1099:1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
695:have the same structure
540:An example is the pair
94:between them. The term
1637:(3rd ed.). 2006.
1572:"Structural isomerism"
1440:Descriptor (chemistry)
1435:Coordination isomerism
773:hexamethylenetetramine
689:Structural equivalence
658:structural isotopomers
654:microwave spectroscopy
630:Structural isotopomers
520:octadecatrienoic acids
313:structural isotopomers
223:methylammonium formate
350:(2-methylbutane) and
80:constitutional isomer
1318:stereoisomeric forms
1012:1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1009:1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1006:1,2-Dichlorobenzene
526:Functional isomerism
266:. It is opposed to
43:improve this article
1223:Molecular structure
797:equivalence classes
700:delocalized bonding
663:Thus, for example,
408:If the skeleton is
359:
354:(dimethylpropane).
295:positional isomers
122:methyl propyl ether
86:nomenclature) of a
1570:Jim Clark (2000).
1396:Methyl vinyl ether
1389:enantiomeric forms
531:Functional isomers
435:positional isomers
357:
319:Skeletal isomerism
303:functional isomers
1599:978-3-527-33901-3
1416:
1415:
1218:Chemical compound
1188:
1187:
1109:
1108:
1056:trichlorobenzenes
1016:
1015:
1001:-Dichlorobenzene
995:-Dichlorobenzene
989:-Dichlorobenzene
535:functional groups
516:γ-linolenic acids
508:
507:
456:group –OH on the
406:
405:
329:organic compounds
163:molecular formula
76:structural isomer
68:
67:
51:quality standards
1766:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1718:
1712:
1698:
1692:
1678:
1672:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1630:
1624:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1585:
1579:
1568:
1562:
1546:
1537:
1523:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1465:
1404:
1378:
1356:
1333:
1300:
1279:
1257:
1214:
1213:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
981:
974:
967:
960:
955:-dichlorobenzene
880:
879:
878:
870:
869:
856:
854:
853:
845:
844:
831:
830:
829:
821:
820:
758:
757:
756:
748:
747:
624:infrared spectra
607:). In contrast,
487:
480:
473:
466:
443:functional group
431:Position isomers
381:
374:
367:
360:
291:skeletal isomers
258:
242:ammonium acetate
239:
220:
205:
197:ammonium cyanate
194:
186:
175:
160:
141:
119:
63:
60:
54:
27:
26:
19:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1719:
1715:
1699:
1695:
1679:
1675:
1657:
1653:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1586:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1547:
1540:
1524:
1517:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1475:. IUPAC. 2014.
1473:IUPAC Gold Book
1467:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1431:
1370:Propylene oxide
1292:Propionaldehyde
1237:
1229:
1208:
1204:
1193:
907:
893:, and three of
877:
874:
873:
872:
868:
865:
864:
863:
861:
852:
849:
848:
847:
843:
840:
839:
838:
836:
828:
825:
824:
823:
819:
816:
815:
814:
812:
805:
755:
752:
751:
750:
746:
743:
742:
741:
739:
714:
691:
686:
638:
632:
602:
598:
586:
582:
563:
559:
551:
547:
528:
428:
422:
414:chain isomerism
325:skeletal isomer
321:
268:stereoisomerism
256:
252:
248:
244:
237:
233:
229:
225:
218:
214:
210:
203:
199:
192:
184:
173:
169:
165:
158:
154:
150:
146:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
117:
113:
109:
105:
64:
58:
55:
40:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1772:
1762:
1761:
1746:
1745:
1733:
1713:
1693:
1673:
1651:
1633:"Isotopomer".
1625:
1605:
1598:
1580:
1563:
1538:
1515:
1495:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
996:
990:
983:
982:
975:
968:
906:
903:
875:
866:
850:
841:
826:
817:
804:
801:
753:
744:
713:
710:
690:
687:
685:
682:
634:Main article:
631:
628:
600:
596:
593:dimethyl ether
584:
580:
561:
557:
549:
545:
527:
524:
506:
505:
500:
495:
489:
488:
481:
474:
421:
418:
404:
403:
398:
393:
383:
382:
375:
368:
320:
317:
254:
250:
246:
235:
231:
227:
216:
212:
201:
171:
167:
161:have the same
156:
152:
148:
138:
134:
130:
126:
115:
111:
107:
66:
65:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1771:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1730:9781420082999
1727:
1724:. 454 pages.
1723:
1717:
1711:
1710:9780748733774
1707:
1704:. 489 pages.
1703:
1697:
1691:
1690:9781305686182
1687:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1670:9789027717078
1667:
1664:. 254 pages.
1663:
1662:
1655:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1622:9781349188178
1619:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1560:9781400853410
1557:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1536:
1535:9781618965288
1532:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1513:
1512:9780495391166
1509:
1506:. 752 pages.
1505:
1499:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1271:Cyclopropanol
1268:
1256:
1250:
1249:Allyl alcohol
1246:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1197:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
976:
973:
969:
966:
962:
961:
958:
956:
954:
948:
946:
940:
938:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:chlorobenzene
916:
911:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
860:
835:
811:
800:
798:
793:
788:
786:
785:dodecahedrane
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
737:
732:
730:
725:
723:
719:
709:
706:
703:
701:
696:
681:
679:
675:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
637:
627:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
594:
590:
578:
573:
571:
567:
555:
552:–C(=O)-H and
543:
538:
536:
532:
523:
521:
517:
513:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
486:
482:
479:
475:
472:
468:
467:
464:
462:
460:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
417:
415:
411:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
388:
385:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
366:
362:
361:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
316:
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
243:
224:
209:
198:
190:
182:
177:
164:
145:
144:diethyl ether
123:
104:
101:For example,
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
62:
52:
48:
44:
38:
37:
34:reads like a
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
1736:
1721:
1716:
1701:
1696:
1681:
1676:
1659:
1654:
1634:
1628:
1616:. page 263.
1613:
1608:
1589:
1583:
1575:
1566:
1554:. page 218.
1550:
1526:
1503:
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1472:
1463:
1445:Stereoisomer
1417:
1315:
1311:
1198:
1194:
1184:3,5-Xylenol
1181:3,4-Xylenol
1178:2,6-Xylenol
1150:2,5-Xylenol
1147:2,4-Xylenol
1144:2,3-Xylenol
1110:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1034:, and three
1024:benzenediols
1017:
998:
992:
986:
952:
944:
936:
930:
926:
922:
912:
908:
806:
789:
761:cyclopentane
733:
726:
715:
707:
704:
694:
692:
677:
673:
662:
657:
639:
621:
574:
539:
530:
529:
509:
458:
451:
439:regioisomers
438:
434:
430:
429:
413:
407:
386:
343:
337:
324:
322:
312:
306:
302:
299:regioisomers
298:
294:
290:
288:
282:versions of
279:
275:
261:
204:][O=C=N]
178:
100:
95:
79:
75:
69:
56:
33:
718:permutation
512:α-linolenic
503:Pentan-3-ol
498:Pentan-2-ol
493:Pentan-1-ol
447:substituent
272:enantiomers
59:August 2020
45:to make it
1456:References
1026:; and one
887:2-propanol
883:1-propanol
722:equivalent
636:Isotopomer
613:2-propanol
609:1-propanol
560:C–C(=O)–CH
424:See also:
401:Neopentane
396:Isopentane
352:neopentane
348:isopentane
331:, such as
1759:Isomerism
1576:Chemguide
1423:tautomers
669:deuterium
308:tautomers
264:isomerism
234:][HCO
189:fulminate
72:chemistry
1753:Category
1743:65th ed.
1429:See also
1387:Has two
1284:101–102
1243:Comment
951:1,4- or
943:1,3- or
935:1,2- or
895:pentanol
777:prismane
769:2-butyne
642:isotopes
617:hydroxyl
587:–OH (an
566:aldehyde
542:propanal
461:-pentane
454:hydroxyl
284:2-butene
187:and the
88:compound
36:textbook
1488:19 July
1348:Oxetane
1325:Acetone
1236:Boiling
1228:Melting
1113:Xylenol
1036:xylenes
1032:toluols
1028:toluene
915:benzene
899:hexanol
891:butanol
859:propane
834:ethanol
792:propane
787:, etc.
729:methane
589:alcohol
577:ethanol
554:acetone
518:, both
410:acyclic
391:Pentane
340:pentane
333:alkanes
249:][H
245:[NH
200:[NH
181:cyanate
103:butanol
96:metamer
82:in the
47:neutral
41:Please
1728:
1708:
1688:
1668:
1620:
1596:
1578:, n.l.
1558:
1533:
1510:
1339:56.53
1336:–94.9
1068:1,3,5-
1066:, and
1064:1,2,4-
1060:1,2,3-
1020:phenol
949:, and
810:ethane
781:cubane
765:allene
736:ethane
665:ethene
603:H (an
599:C–O–CH
591:) and
570:ketone
433:(also
311:, and
226:[H
142:, and
1407:–122
1381:–112
1316:trans
1260:–129
1238:point
1230:point
1048:ortho
987:ortho
937:ortho
927:ortho
678:trans
652:, or
646:Raman
605:ether
280:trans
193:C≡N−O
185:O=C=N
137:−O−CH
129:C−(CH
110:C−(CH
92:bonds
84:IUPAC
1726:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1666:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1594:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1531:ISBN
1508:ISBN
1490:2018
1420:enol
1359:–97
1314:and
1303:–81
1240:(°C)
1232:(°C)
1052:para
1044:meta
999:para
993:meta
953:para
945:meta
931:meta
923:para
885:and
676:and
611:and
583:C–CH
548:C–CH
514:and
297:(or
278:and
253:C−CO
240:and
230:C−NH
208:urea
206:and
191:ion
183:ion
78:(or
74:, a
1639:doi
1574:in
1477:doi
1384:34
1362:48
1312:cis
1306:48
1263:97
897:or
674:cis
650:NMR
437:or
301:),
276:cis
219:C=O
215:N−)
151:CCH
118:−OH
70:In
1755::
1541:^
1518:^
1471:.
1410:6
1070:.
1062:,
1058::
1038:.
957:.
941:,
901:.
855:OH
799:.
783:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
767:,
763:,
680:.
660:.
648:,
572:.
445:,
416:.
342::
323:A
315:.
305:,
293:,
286:.
259:.
211:(H
172:10
155:−)
147:(H
120:,
1647:.
1641::
1602:.
1492:.
1479::
1209:O
1207:6
1205:H
1203:3
1201:C
947:-
939:-
876:8
871:H
867:3
862:C
851:5
846:H
842:2
837:C
827:6
822:H
818:2
813:C
754:6
749:H
745:2
740:C
738:(
601:2
597:3
595:H
585:2
581:3
579:H
562:3
558:3
556:H
550:2
546:3
544:H
459:n
389:-
387:n
344:n
257:]
255:2
251:3
247:4
238:]
236:2
232:3
228:3
217:2
213:2
202:4
174:O
170:H
168:4
166:C
159:O
157:2
153:2
149:3
139:3
135:2
133:)
131:2
127:3
125:H
116:3
114:)
112:2
108:3
106:H
61:)
57:(
53:.
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
