Students for a Democratic Society

1494:"the class". The PLP condemned the protest in Chicago not only because there had been the "illusion" that the system could be effectively pressured or lobbied, but because, in their view, the "wild-in-the-streets" resistance estranged "the working masses" and made it more difficult for the left to build a popular base. It was an injunction that the PLP appeared to carry across a range of what they regarded as the wilder, or for the working man more challenging, expressions of the movement. These included feminists (those who want to "organize women to discuss their personal problems about their boyfriends"), the counterculture, and long hair. 1303: 1359:

sit-ins and takeovers, rather than petitions and pickets." Yet Congressional investigation was to find that most chapters continued to follow their own, rather than a national, agenda. In the fall of 1968 their issues fell into one or more of four broad categories: (1) war-related issues such as opposition to ROTC, military or CIA recruitment, and military research, on campus; (2) student power issues including requests for a pass-fail grading system, beer sales on campus, no dormitory curfews, and a student voice in faculty hiring; (3) support for university employees; and (4) support for black students.

34: 1424:, many were conscious that their poor white, and in some cases southern, backgrounds had limited their acceptance in "the Movement". In a blistering address, Peggy Terry announced that she and her neighbors in uptown, "Hillbilly Harlem", Chicago, had ordered student volunteers out of their community union. They would be relying on themselves, doing their own talking, and working only with those outsiders willing to live as part of the community, and of "the working class", for the long haul. 1399:

participate in other meaningful activities" and that their "brothers" be relieved of "the burden of male chauvinism". The SDS committed to the creation of communal childcare centers, women's control over reproduction, the sharing of domestic work and, critically for an organization whose offices were almost entirely populated by men, to women participating at every level of the SDS "from licking stamps to assuming leadership positions." However, when the resolution was printed in the NO's

4255: 4243: 1527:

about elections and were trying to organize for revolution." To students "just beginning to be aware of their own radicalization and their potential role as the intelligentsia in an American left", the SDS was proposing that the "only really important agents for social change were the industrial workers, or the ghetto blacks, or the Third World revolutionaries." For students willing to "take on their administrations for any number of grievances," SDS analysis emphasized

4266: 1212:

a three-day sit-in in May. "Rank protests" and sit-ins spread to many other universities. The war, however, was not the only issue driving the newfound militancy. There were new and growing calls to seriously question a college experience that the Port Huron Statement had described as "hardly distinguishable from that of any other communications channel—say, a television set." Students were to start taking responsibility for their own education.

1204:

concentrated on its illegality, a number argued that it took funds away from domestic needs, and a few even then saw it as an example of 'American imperialism'. This was Oglesby's developing position. Thereafter, on November 27, at an anti-war demonstration in Washington, when Oglesby suggested that U.S. policy in Vietnam was essentially imperialist, and then called for an immediate ceasefire, he was wildly applauded and nationally reported.

776: 1602:

SDS. The new SDS held their first national convention in August 2006 at the University of Chicago. They describe themselves as a "progressive organization of student activists" intent on building "a strong student movement to defend our rights to education and stand up against budget cuts," to "oppose racism, sexism, and homophobia on campus" and to "say NO to war". They report chapters in 25 states with some thousands of supporters.

1479: 1208:

should play in stopping the war. A final attempt by the old guard at a "rethinking conference" to establish a coherent new direction for the organization failed. The conference, held on the University of Illinois campus at Champaign-Urbana over Christmas vacation, 1965, was attended by about 360 people from 66 chapters, many of whom were new to SDS. Despite a great deal of discussion, no substantial decisions were made.

4276: 3473: 1379:). It is Cason that had first led Hayden into the SDS in 1960. Although herself regarded as "one of the boys", her recollection of those early SDS meetings is of interminable debate driven by young male intellectual posturing and, if a woman commented, of being made to feel as if a child had spoken among adults. (In 1962, she left Ann Arbor, and Tom Hayden, to return to the SNCC in Atlanta). 842:". From its launch in 1960 it grew rapidly in the course of the tumultuous decade with over 300 campus chapters and 30,000 supporters recorded nationwide by its last national convention in 1969. The organization splintered at that convention amidst rivalry between factions seeking to impose national leadership and direction, and disputing "revolutionary" positions on, among other issues, the 1118:'s landslide in the November 1964 presidential election swamped considerations of Democratic-primary, or independent candidature, interventions—a path that had been tentatively explored in a Political Education Project. Local chapters expanded activity across a range of projects, including University reform, community-university relations, and were beginning to focus on the issue of the 1346:, its weekly correspondence with the membership). In the spring of 1968, National SDS activists led an effort on the campuses called "Ten Days of Resistance" and local chapters cooperated with the Student Mobilization Committee in rallies, marches, sit-ins and teach-ins, and on April 18 in a one-day strike. About a million students stayed away from classes that day, the largest 1383:

organize were very unstable and unskilled, winos, and street youth," the SDSers were disconcerted to find themselves having to organize around "nitty-gritty issues"—welfare, healthcare, childcare, garbage collection—springing "in cultural terms ... from the women's sphere of home and community life." Sexism was acknowledged as commonplace in the anti-war and New Left movement.

1286:

Mall. A summary ban by the UT administration ensured an even bigger, more enthusiastic, turnout for the second Gentle Thursday in the spring of 1967. Part of "Flipped Out Week", organized in coordination with a national mobilization against the war, it was a more defiant and overtly political affair. It included appearances by Stokley Carmichael, beat-poet

1407:

denounced "every five minutes"). Over the five tumultuous days of the final convention in June 1969 women were given just three hours to caucus and their call on women to struggle against their oppression was rejected. Inasmuch as women felt both empowered and thwarted in the movement, Todd Gitlin was later to claim some credit for SDS in engendering

1339:(COunter INTELligence PROgram) and other law enforcement agencies were often exposed as having spies and informers in the chapters. FBI Director Hoover's general COINTELPRO directive was for agents to "expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize" the activities and leadership of the movements they infiltrated. 1240:, recently a History Instructor at Iowa State University, became National Secretary. The convention marked a further turn towards organization around campus issues by local chapters, with the National Office cast in a strictly supporting role. Campus issues ranged from bad food, powerless student "governments", various 1010:, from 32 different colleges and universities. The convention chose a confederal structure. Policy and direction would be discussed in a quarterly conclave of chapter delegates, the National Council. National officers, in the spirit of "participatory democracy", would be selected annually by consensus. Lee Webb of 3307: 1200:(Antioch College). He had come to SDSers' attention with an article against the war, written while he had been working for a defense contractor. The Vice President was Jeff Shero from the increasingly influential University of Texas chapter in Austin. Consensus, however, was not reached on a national program. 1224:

began with ten courses ('Neighborhood Organization and Nonviolence', 'Purposes of Revolution'). By the end of 1966 there were perhaps fifteen. Universities understood the challenge, and soon began to offer seminars run on similar student-responsive lines, beginning what SDSers saw as a "liberal swallow-up".

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Yet neither tendency was an open house to incoming freshmen or juniors awakening to the possibilities for political engagement. Sale observes that "at a time when many young people wanted some explanations for the failure of electoral politics, SDS was led by people who had long since given up caring

1434:

Yet as Peggy Terry was declaring her independence from the SDS as a working-class militant, the most strident voices at the convention were of those who, jettisoning the reservations of the Port Huron old guard, were declaring the working class as, after all, the only force capable of subverting U.S.

1249:

Despite the absence of a politically effective campus SDS chapter, Berkeley again became a center of particularly dramatic radical upheaval over the university's repressive anti-free-speech actions. One description of the convening of an enthusiastically supported student strike suggests the distance

1211:

SDS chapters continued to use the draft as a rallying issue. Over the rest of the academic year, with the universities supplying the Selective Service Boards with class ranking, SDS began to attack university complicity in the war. The University of Chicago's administration building was taken over in

1079:

Conceived in part as a response to the gathering danger of a "white backlash," and with $ 5,000 from United Automobile Workers union, Tom Hayden promoted an Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP). SDS community organizers would help draw neighbourhoods, both black and white, into an "interracial

1601:

Beginning January 2006, a movement to revive the Students for a Democratic Society took shape. Two high school students, Jessica Rapchik and Pat Korte, decided to reach out to former members of the "Sixties" SDS (including Alan Haber, the organization's first president) and to build a new generation

1562:

This NO-RYM grouping reconvened themselves as the official convention near the National Office. They elected officers and they expelled the PLP. The charge was twofold: (1) "The PLP has attacked every revolutionary national struggle of the black and Latin American peoples in the U.S. as being racist

1501:

could describe the SDS as "a confederation of localized conglomerations of people held together by one name", and as events in the country continued to drift, what the PLP-WSA offered was the promise of organizational discipline and of a consistent vision. But there was a rival bid for direction and

1419:

At the 1967 convention in Ann Arbor there was another, perhaps equally portentous, demand for equality and autonomy. Despite the winding down of SDS leadership support for ERAP, in some community projects struggles against inequality, racism and police brutality had taken on a momentum of their own.

1285:

Inspired by a leaflet distributed by some poets in San Francisco, and organized by the Rag and the SDS in the belief that "there is nothing wrong with fun", a "Gentle Thursday" event in the fall of 1966 drew hundreds of area residents, bringing kids, dogs, balloons, picnics and music, to the UT West

1223:

was established, and even incorporated; in New York, a Free University was begun in Greenwich Village, offering no fewer than forty-four courses ('Marxist Approaches to the Avant-garde Arts', 'Ethics and Revolution', 'Life in Mainland China Today'); and in Chicago, something called simply The School

1203:

At the September National Council meeting "an entire cacophony of strategies was put forward" on what had clearly become the central issue, Vietnam. Some urged negotiation, others immediate U.S. withdrawal, still others Viet-Cong victory. "Some wanted to emphasize the moral horror of the war, others

967:

German-exchange student, Michael Vester. He encouraged Hayden to be more explicit about the contradictions "between political democracy and economic concentration of power", and to take a more international perspective. Vester was to be the first of a number of close connections between the American

959:

As security against "a united-front style takeover of its youth arm" the LID had inserted a communist-exclusion clause in the SDS constitution. When in 1965 those who considered this too obvious a concession to the Cold-War doctrines of the right succeeded in removing the language, there was a final

1455:

had their line confirmed: attempts to influence political parties in the United States fostered an "illusion" that people can have democratic power over system institutions. The correct answer was to organize people in "direct action". "The 'center' has proven its failure ... it remains to the left

1358:

More important for thinking within the National Office, Columbia and the outbreak of student protest which it symbolized seemed proof that "long months of SDS work were paying off." As targets students were "picking war, complicity, and racism, rather than dress codes and dorm hours, and as tactics

1103:

cautioned against "the temptation to 'take one generation of campus leadership and run!' We must instead look toward building the campus base as the wellspring of our student movement." Gitlin's successor as president, Paul Potter, was blunter. The emphasis on "the problems of the dispossessed" had

1094:

who, with twenty-five years experience in Chicago and across the country, was the acknowledged father of community organizing. To Helstein's dismay Alinsky dismissed the SDSers' venture into the field as naive and doomed to failure. Their view of the poor and of what could be achieved by consensus

1514:

Like the PLP-WSA, this Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM) faction was committed to an anti-capitalist analysis that privileged the working class. But RYM made at least two concessions to the broader spirit of the times. First it outbid the PLP-WSA in accommodating black and ethnic mobilization by

1382:

Seeking the "roots of the women's liberation movement" in the New Left, Sara Evans argues that in Hayden's ERAP program this presumption of male agency had been one of the undeclared sources of tension. Confronted with the reality of a war-heated economy, in which the only unemployed men "left to

1107:

Hayden, who committed himself to community organizing in Newark (there to witness the "race riots" in 1967) later suggested that if ERAP failed to build to greater success it was because of the escalating U.S. commitment in Vietnam: "Once again the government met an internal crisis by starting an

951:

For the sponsoring League for Industrial Democracy there was an immediate issue. The Statement omitted the LID's standard denunciation of communism: the regret it expressed at the "perversion of the older left by Stalinism" was too discriminating, and its references to Cold War tensions too even

940:" to ring "hollow before the facts of Negro life"; that, even as technology creates "new forms of social organization", it should continue to impose "meaningless work and idleness"; and with two-thirds of mankind undernourished that its "upper classes" should "revel amidst superfluous abundance". 1570:

SDS-RYM broke up soon after the split. In a decision to effectively dissolve the organization ("marches and protests won't do it"), a faction including Dohrn resolved upon armed resistance. In alliance with "the Black Liberation Movement", a "white fighting force" would "bring the war home" On

1398:

When, at the 1966 SDS convention, women called for debate they were showered with abuse, pelted with tomatoes. The following year there seemed to be a willingness to make some amends. The Women's Liberation Workshop succeeded in having a resolution accepted that insisted that women be freed "to

1363:

Pardun of the Austin chapter), and an Inter-organizational Secretary (former VP Carl Davidson). A clear direction for a national program was not set but delegates did manage to pass strong resolutions on the draft, resistance within the Army itself, and for an immediate withdrawal from Vietnam.

1362:

The December 1967 convention took down what little suggestion there was of hierarchy within the structure of the organisation: it eliminated the Presidential and Vice-Presidential offices. They were replaced with a National Secretary (20-year-old Mike Spiegel), an Education Secretary (Texan Bob

1254:

We're giving notice today, all of us, that we reject the notion that we should be patient and work for gradual change. That's the old way. We don't need the Old Left. We don't need their ideology or the working class, those mythical masses who are supposed to rise up and break their chains. The

1207:

The new, more radical, and uncompromising anti-war profile this suggested, appeared to drive the growth in membership. The influx discomfited older members like Todd Gitlin who, as he later conceded, simply had no "feel" for an anti-war movement. No consensus was reached as to what role the SDS

947:

The Statement proposed the university, with its "accessibility to knowledge" and an "internal openness", as a "base" from which students would "look outwards to the less exotic but more lasting struggles for justice." "The bridge to political power" would be "built through genuine cooperation,

1406:

Little changed in the two years that followed. By and large the issues that were spurring the growth of an autonomous women's liberation movement were not considered relevant for discussion by SDS men or women (and if they were discussed, one prominent activist recalls, "separatism" had to be

994:

consisted of a few desks, some broken chairs, a couple of file cabinets and a few typewriters. As a student group with a strong belief in decentralization and a distrust for most organizations, the SDS had not developed, and was never to develop, a strong central directorate. National Office

943:

In searching for "the spark and engine of change" the authors disclaimed any "formulas" or "closed theories". Instead, "matured" by "the horrors of a century" in which "to be idealistic is to be considered apocalyptic", Students for a Democratic Society would seek a "new left ... committed to

1319:

on October 17. Peaceful at first, the demonstrations turned to a sit-in that was violently dispersed by the Madison police and riot squad, resulting in many injuries and arrests. A mass rally and a student strike then closed the university for several days. A nationwide coordinated series of

1111:

However much the volunteers might talk at night about "transforming the system", "building alternative institutions," and "revolutionary potential", credibility on the doorstep rested on their ability to secure concessions from, and thus to develop relations with, the local power structures.

1510:

titled "Toward a revolutionary youth movement". The SDS would transform itself into a revolutionary movement, reaching beyond the campus to find new recruits among young workers, high school students, the Armed Forces, community colleges, trade schools, drops outs, and the unemployed.

1531:'de-studentizing', dropping out, and destroying universities." To those seeking to "supplant the tattered theories of corporate liberalism, SDS had only the imperfectly fashioned tenets of a borrowed Marxism and an untransmittable attachment to the theories of other revolutionaries". 1431:'s call for black people to define their own goals, to lead their own organizations, Terry argued that "the time has come for us to turn to our own people, poor and working-class whites, for direction, support, and inspiration, to organize around our own identity, our own interests." 1310:

The winter and spring of 1967 saw an escalation in the militancy of campus protests. Demonstrations against military-contractors and other campus recruiters were widespread, and ranking and the draft issues grew in scale. The school year had started with a large demonstration against

1541:

The Port Huron vision of the university as a place where, as "an adjunct" to the academic life, political action could be held open to "reason", and the Gentle Thursday openness to a range of expression, had been cast by the new revolutionary polemic onto "the junk heap of history".

1450:

was on Havana radio: "We have been fighting in the streets for four days. Many of our people have been beaten up, and many of them are in jail, but we are winning." But at the first national council meeting after the convention (University of Colorado, Boulder, October 11–13), the

1586:

After the break-up of its rival and before dissolving in 1974 into the Committee Against Racism, the WSA continued on campuses as "the SDS". Functioning to recruit for PLP, it was a centralized, disciplined organization quite distinct from the original Port Huron movement.

948:

locally, nationally, and internationally, between a new left of young people and an awakening community of allies." It was to "stimulating this kind of social movement, this kind of vision and program in campus and community across the country" that the SDS were committed.

2393:

Smith, Harold L. (2015). "Casey Hayden: Gender and the Origins of SNCC, SDS, and the Women's Liberation Movement". In Turner, Elizabeth Hayes; Cole, Stephanie; Sharpless, Rebecca (eds.). Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives. University of Georgia Press. pp. 295–318.

3293:. Chicago: Students for a Democratic Society, March 1968. Stapled softcover. 8p. Photos by Nancy Hollander, Tom Malear of the Chicago Film Coop, Todd Gitlin & Les Jordan, SCEF. Reprinted from "The Activist," Spring 1967. Introduction for this pamphlet by Mike James. 1386:

In December 1965, the SDS held a "rethinking conference" at the University of Illinois. One of the papers included in the conference packet, was a memo Casey Hayden and others had written the previous year for a similar SNCC event, and published the previous month in

1324:, and SDS added fuel to the fire of protest. After conventional civil rights tactics of peaceful pickets seemed to have failed, the Oakland, California, Stop the Draft Week ended in mass hit and run skirmishes with the police. The huge (100,000 people) October 21 3523:

This collection contains leaflets and newspapers that were distributed on the University of Washington campus during the decades of the 1960s and 1970s. They reflect the social environment and political activities of the youth movement in Seattle during that

1112:

Regardless of the agenda (welfare checks, rent, day-care, police harassment, garbage pick-up) the daytime reality was of delivery built "around all the shoddy instruments of the state." ERAP had seemed to trap the SDSers in "a politics of adjustment".

1137:

that is generally recognized as the first major challenge to campus governance. On October 1, 1964, crowds of upwards of three thousand students surrounded a police cruiser holding a student arrested for setting up an informational card table for the

1505:

At a national council held at the close of 1968 in Ann Arbor (attended by representatives of 100 of the reputed 300 chapters), a majority of national leadership and regional staffs pushed through a policy resolution written by national secretary

1281:

and Carol Neiman has been described as the first underground paper in the country to incorporate the "participatory democracy, community organizing and synthesis of politics and culture that the New Left of the midsixties was trying to develop."

1354:

in New York that commanded the national media. Led by an inter-racial alliance of Columbia SDS chapter activists and Student Afro Society activists, it helped make the SDS a household name. Membership again soared in the 1968–69 academic year.

1070:), there was the suggestion that white activists might better advance the cause of civil rights by organising "their own". At the same time, for many, 1963–64 was the academic year in which white poverty was discovered. Michael Harrington's 1095:

was absurdly romantic. Placing a premium on strong local leadership, structure and accountability, Alinsky's "citizen participation" was something "fundamentally different" from the "participatory democracy" envisaged by Hayden and Gitlin.

1108:

external crisis." Yet there were ERAP volunteers more than ready to leave their storefront offices and heed the anti-war call to return to campus. Tending to the "less exotic struggles" of the urban poor had been a dispiriting experience.

935:

decried what it described as "disturbing paradoxes": that the world's "wealthiest and strongest country" should "tolerate anarchy as a major principle of international conduct"; that it should allow "the declaration 'all men are created

1395:, under the title "Sex and Caste". As "the final impetus" for organizing a "women's workshop," Evans suggest it was "the real embryo of the new feminist revolt." But this was a revolt that was to play out largely outside of the SDS. 1515:

embracing the legitimacy within "the class" of "Third World nationalisms". "Oppressed colonies" in the United States had the right "to self-determination (including the right to political secession if they desire it)." Second, as a

1566:

The 500–600 people remaining in the meeting hall, dominated by PLP, declared itself the "Real SDS", electing PLP and WSA members as officers. By the next day, there were in effect two SDS organizations, "SDS-RYM" and "SDS-WSA."

1250:

travelled from both the Left, and the civil rights, roots of earlier activism. Over "a sea of cheering bodies" before the Union building a twenty-foot banner proclaimed "Happiness Is Student Power". A booming address announced:

1490:(PLP), whose delegates had first been seated in the 1966 SDS convention. The PLP was Maoist but was sufficiently old-school that it viewed policy and action not only from the perspective of class, but also from the perspective 1098:

With the election of new leadership at the July 1964 national SDS convention there was already dissension. With the "whole balance of the organisation shifted to ERAP headquarters in Ann Arbor", the new National Secretary,

1049:. From November 1963 through April 1964, the demonstrations focused on ending the de facto segregation that resulted in the racial categorization of Chester public schools, even after the landmark Supreme Court case 1235:

was elected vice president. Jane Adams, former Mississippi Freedom Summer volunteer and SDS campus traveler in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Missouri, was elected Interim National Secretary. That fall, her companion

1270:

scene. There were explorations—some earnest, some playful—of the anarchist or libertarian implications of the commitment to participatory democracy. At the large and active University of Texas chapter in Austin,

3441:

Investigation of Students for a Democratic Society, Part 3-A (George Washington University); Hearings Before the Committee on Internal Security, House of Representatives; 91st Congress, 2nd Session, July 22,

1158:

in the South. Campus chapters of SDS all over the country started to lead small, localized demonstrations against the war. On April 17 the National Office coordinated a march in Washington. Co-sponsored by

3433:

Investigation of Students for a Democratic Society, Part 2 (Kent State University): Hearings Before the Committee on Internal Security, House of Representatives; 91st Congress, 2nd Session, June 24 and 25,

1259:

After a three-hour open mike meeting in the Life Sciences building, instead of closing with the civil-rights anthem "We Shall Overcome", the crowd "grabbed hands and sang the chorus to 'Yellow Submarine

1104:

been misplaced: "It is through the experience of the middle class and the anesthetic of bureaucracy and mass society that the vision and program of participatory democracy will come—if it is to come."

2140:

Anatomy of a Revolutionary Movement, Students for a Democratic Society. Report by the committee on Internal Security. House of Representatives. Ninety-first Congress. Second Session. October 6, 1970

1142:(CORE). The sit-down prevented the car from moving for 32 hours. By the end of the year, demonstrations, meetings and strikes all but shut the university down. Hundreds of students were arrested. 2121: 1255:

working class in this country is moving to the right. Students are going to be the revolutionary force in this country. Students are going to make the revolution because we have the will.

1446:

In the event, under a mandate to recruit and to offer support should the Chicago police "start rioting" (which they did), national SDSers were present. On August 28 national secretary

3983: 1563:

and reactionary", and (2) the "PLP attacked Ho Chi Minh, the NLF, the revolutionary government of Cuba—all leaders of the people's struggles for freedom against U.S. imperialism."

1545:

In the new year the WSA and RYM began to split national offices and some chapters. Matters came to a head in the summer of 1969, at the SDS's ninth national convention held at the

1534:

As for women wishing to approach the SDS with their own issues, the RYM faction was scarcely more willing than the PLP-WSA to accord them space. At a time when young people in the

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Student Views Toward U.S. Policy in Southeast Asia; Hearings Before an Ad Hoc Committee of Members of the House of Representatives; 91st Congress, 2nd Session, July 22, 1969

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There was no women's-equality plank in the Port Huron Statement. Tom Hayden had started drafting the statement from a jail cell in Albany, Georgia, where he landed on a

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imperialism and of effecting real change. It was on the basis of this new Marxist polemic that endorsements were withheld from the mass demonstrations called by the

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While students at Kent State, Ohio, had been protesting for the right to organize politically on campus a full year before, it is the televised birth of the

854: 806: 692: 63: 20: 6697: 5537: 3649: 1440: 838:. Disdaining permanent leaders, hierarchical relationships and parliamentary procedure, the founders conceived of the organization as a broad exercise in " 6737: 5391: 901: 53: 6752: 5477: 3477: 1215:

By the fall of 1965, largely under SDS impetus, there were several "free universities" in operation: in Berkeley, SDS reopened the New School offering

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The Speech given by Carl Oglesby, President, Students for a Democratic Society, at the Nov. 27, 1965 March on Washington to End the War in Vietnam

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Ann Arbor & Chicago: Radical Education Project/Students for a Democratic Society, (1967). Radical Education Project Occasional Paper. 8 p.

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Revolutionary Youth and the New Working Class: The Praxis Papers, the Port Authority Statement, the RYM Documents and the Lost Writings of SDS

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handed. Hayden, who had succeeded Haber as SDS president, was called to a meeting where, refusing any further concession, he clashed with

6222: 6083: 4312: 990:, and the National Secretary was Jim Monsonis. There were nine chapters with, at most, about 1000 members. The National Office (NO) in 351: 6687: 5542: 4735: 228: 1687: 1420:

The projects had drawn in white working class activists. While open in acknowledging the debt they believed they owed to SNCC and to

6254: 5547: 5359: 3665: 996: 799: 418: 3496: 1549:. The two groups battled for control of the organization throughout the convention. The RYM and the National Office faction, led by 1171:, followed by hundreds more across the country. The SDS became recognized nationally as the leading student group against the war. 6692: 5723: 5508: 5473: 3513:

Includes Port Huron Statement, "SDS: The Last Hurrah" (an account of Chicago 1969 written by an undercover federal agent), and the

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staffers worked long hours for little pay to service the local chapters, and to help establish new ones. Following the lead of the

407: 3179: 6289: 5831: 5650: 5579: 3660: 2463: 1487: 974: 3222: 6747: 5706: 5625: 5177: 5091: 3968: 3198: 1087: 190: 3560: 2627: 2307:, Rutgers University Press, 1992; "Gentle Thursday: An SDS Circus in Austin, Texas, 1966-1970," By Glenn W. Jones, pp. 75–85. 6702: 5971: 5278: 4845: 3934: 3487:

SDS and Weather Underground Documents compiled by Next Left Notes, a journal edited by several former and current SDS members

3261:

Peace, Power and the University: Prepared for Students for a Democratic Society and the Peace Research and Education Project.

3043: 2998: 2953: 2932: 1854: 1827: 1697: 1219:'Marx and Freud,' 'A Radical Approach to Science,' 'Agencies of Social Change and the New Movements'; in Gainesville, a Free 707: 301: 286: 270: 260: 210: 185: 3191: 3096: 1403:

it was with a caricature of a woman dressed in a baby-doll dress, holding a sign "We want our rights and we want them now!"

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Thorne Dreyer, ""Flipped-Out Week: A Time to Affirm Life," in Thorne Dreyer, Alice Embree and Richard Condale eds. (2016),

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In February 1965, President Johnson dramatically escalated the war in Vietnam. He ordered the bombing of North Vietnam (

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were under vicious attack, they deemed it positively racist for educated white women to focus on their own oppression.

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As director of LID, I decided to try to invigorate its student division. One step in that direction was to rename it.

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reported was attended by "practically every subversive organization in the United States") selected as President

877: 195: 3199:"A Short History of Progressive Labor Party (PLP) and Its Activities in Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)" 5945: 5907: 5515: 4855: 4805: 4643: 4162: 4062: 3928: 3083: 1670: 1631: 361: 321: 296: 3127: 6419: 6189: 5684: 5655: 5530: 5117: 3380:

Chicago: Students for a Democratic Society and Inter-University Committee for Debate on Foreign Policy, 1966.

2939:

Personal Politics: The Roots of the Women's Liberation Movement in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left

2412:

Personal Politics: The Roots of the Women's Liberation Movement in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left

928:

paid for a range of expenses for the 1962 convention, including use of the UAW summer retreat in Port Huron.

916:, was adopted at the organization's first convention in June 1962, based on an earlier draft by staff member 677: 629: 1456:

not to cling to liberal myths but to build its own strength out of the polarization, to build the left 'pole

1080:

movement of the poor". By the end of 1964 ERAP had ten inner-city projects engaging 125 student volunteers.

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planted their first bomb, blowing up a statue in Chicago commemorating police officers killed during the

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movement, the RYM allowed that—if only in solidarity with others of their generation—students could have

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parting of the ways. The students' tie to their parent organization was severed by mutual agreement.

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Vandals in the Bomb Factory: The History and Literature of the Students for a Democratic Society.

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Hillbilly Nationalists, Urban Race Rebels, and Black Power: Community Organizing in Radical Times

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The Other Alliance: Student Protest in West Germany and the United States in the Global Sixties

1580: 1168: 1160: 1151: 1055:. The racial unrest and civil rights protests made Chester one of the key battlegrounds of the 905: 551: 397: 1163:, and with endorsements from nearly all of the other peace groups, 25,000 attended. The first 6394: 6389: 6348: 6028: 6022: 6001: 5847: 5692: 5386: 5236: 5001: 4690: 4638: 4612: 3973: 3801: 3546: 3365: 2902: 1325: 1220: 1056: 1046: 750: 133: 2802:

You Say You Want a Revolution: SDS, PL, and Adventures in Building a Worker-Student Alliance

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By the end of the academic year, there were over 200 delegates at the annual convention at

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SDS: The signature organization of the 1960s student left has been reborn, The Indypendent

2339:"COINTELPRO Revisited – Spying & Disruption – In Black & White: The F.B.I. Papers" 8: 6658: 6429: 6404: 6363: 6153: 6123: 5795: 5745: 5615: 5589: 5329: 5314: 5309: 5299: 5266: 5056: 5051: 4989: 4471: 4370: 4335: 4147: 4125: 3597: 3536: 3500: 3283: 3106: 2961:

An Interracial Movement of the Poor: Community Organizing and the New Left in the 1960s.

1576: 1572: 1473: 1342:

The National Office sought to provide greater coordination and direction (partly through

1246:

manifestations, on-campus recruiting for the military and, again, ranking for the draft.

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SDS developed from the youth branch of a socialist educational organization known as the

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SDSers understanding of their "own" was increasingly colored by the country's exploding

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Boston: Students for a Democratic Society, n.d. . 28pp. 1st edition. Stapled softcover.

3147: 2556:"What Was the Protest Group Students for a Democratic Society? Five Questions Answered" 1960:

An Interracial Movement of the Poor: Community Organizing and the New Left in the 1960s

1428: 1421: 1100: 1026: 1019: 953: 599: 571: 451: 423: 316: 200: 151: 5620: 3225:

an interview with Tom Hayden, The Peace and Justice Resource Center, January 26, 2012.

2433:

https://academic.oup.com/book/10727/chapter-abstract/158806933?redirectedFrom=fulltext

1819: 1328:

saw hundreds arrested and injured. Night-time raids on draft offices began to spread.

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Ron Jacobs (1997), The Way the Wind Blew: A History of the Weather Underground, Verso

2469: 2395: 2321: 1985: 1963: 1850: 1823: 1780: 1746: 1693: 1666: 1627: 1115: 1072: 1011: 624: 531: 526: 163: 2318:

The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Domestic Dissent

1811: 1620: 1290:, and anti-war protests at the Texas State Capitol during a visit by Vice-President 19:

This article is about the 1960s organization. For the more recent organization, see

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Pardun, Robert. "Prairie Radical: A Journey Through the Sixties" Shire Press, 2001

2903:"Shaking America's Moral Conscience: The Rise of Students for a Democratic Society" 1815: 1807: 1801: 1550: 1546: 1242: 1228: 827: 546: 483: 311: 107: 33: 6665: 6651: 6496: 6491: 6466: 6299: 6231: 6088: 6040: 5912: 5825: 5804: 5791: 4905: 4648: 4617: 4572: 4461: 4217: 4167: 3949: 3901: 3876: 3768: 3160:

SDS in the 1960s: From A Student Movement to National Resistance, The Indypendent

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Campus Wars: The Peace Movement at American State Universities in the Vietnam Era

1923: 1844: 1507: 1447: 1291: 1193: 1030: 986:

In the academic year 1962–1963, the President was Hayden, the Vice President was

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Libraries and Media Services. Department of Special Collections and Archives.

3303: 2854: 1535: 1372: 1347: 1287: 1083: 1067: 921: 900:. Early in 1960, to broaden the scope for recruitment beyond labor issues, the 885: 780: 541: 244: 171: 5714: 4746: 3350:

Distributed by Students for a Democratic Society for the Liberal Study Group,

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University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Vietnam Era Ephemera

3391:, revised by SDS National Convention, Port Huron, Michigan, June 11–15, 1962. 2724:"The Women's Movement and Women in SDS: Cathy Wilkerson Recalls the Tensions" 2503:"The Women's Movement and Women in SDS: Cathy Wilkerson Recalls the Tensions" 1278: 1232: 991: 963:

In drafting the Port Huron Statement, Hayden acknowledged the influence of a

853:

A new national network for left-wing student organizing, also calling itself

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In 1963 "racial equality" remained the cause celebre. In November 1963, the

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If I Had a Hammer: the death of the old left and the birth of the new left

2907:

Outlaws of America: the Weather Underground and the politics of solidarity

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Ann Arbor: Peace Research and Education Project, 1963. Mimeographed. 12p.

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Feminism in Our Time: The Essential Writings, World War II to the Present

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demonstrations against the draft led by members of the Resistance, the

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was reconstituted as SDS. They held their first meeting in 1960 on the

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SDS: The Rise and Development of The Students for a Democratic Society

1982:

SDS: The Rise and Development of the Students for a Democratic Society

1174: 6516: 5334: 4820: 4191: 3886: 3836: 3713: 3359:

Alienation or Participation: The Sociology of Participatory Democracy

3237:

Toward a Student Syndicalist Movement or University Reform Revisited.

3216: 2488:

Miriam Schneir (1994) "An SDS Statement on the Liberation of Women."

1155: 834:

during the 1960s and was one of the principal representations of the

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Democracy is in the Streets: From Port Huron to the Siege of Chicago

2525: 2523: 2037:

Democracy is in the Streets: From Port Huron to the Siege of Chicago

1626:. Cambridge, MA: Public Affairs/Perseus Books. Introduction, p. xx. 1482:

RYM call for national day of action in solidarity with Vietnam, 1969

1294:. The example set a precedent for campus events across the country. 880:(LID). LID itself descended from an older student organization, the 6562: 6034: 5976: 5423: 5076: 4522: 3781: 3621: 2279:

Uncovering the Sixties: The Life and Times of the Underground Press

1486:

The Worker Student Alliance (WSA) was a front organization for the

1164: 835: 740: 86: 2946:

Revolution in the Air: Sixties Radicals Turn to Lenin, Mao and Che

2855:"Students for a Democratic Society at the University of Minnesota" 2628:"Walker Report Finds 'Police Riot' at Democratic Party Convention" 2465:

The Democratic Imagination in America: Conversations with Our Past

1846:

Race and the Politics of Deception: The Making of an American City

1478: 775: 261:

2015 University of Amsterdam Bungehuis and Maagdenhuis Occupations

4653: 4152: 3149:

Second Coming : The Infamous SDS is Back, and Now It's Local

3021:

A Generation Divided: The New Left, the New Right, and the 1960s.

2520: 1273: 3539:, from the Pacific Northwest Antiwar and Radical History Project 5935: 5344: 5294: 5041: 4971: 4675: 4532: 3629: 3472: 2833: 978:), a student movement that was to follow a similar trajectory. 3256:

Chicago: Students for a Democratic Society, 1968. Wraps. 33 p.

1553:, finally walked several hundred people out of the Colosseum. 1145: 6304: 5081: 2993:" Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007 1042: 3543:

Students for a Democratic Society (S.D.S.), Records, 1965-74

3414:. Chicago. Vol. 1 # 1 1965 – Vol. 4 # 31 October 2, 1969. 2625: 3490: 3138:"The essay originally was written in reply to an attack by 3098:

The Legacy of S.D.S. and Its Relevance to Today's Activists

2006:

Let Them Call Me Rebel: The Life and Legacy of Saul Alinsky

1949:, 10 June 1968; Anatomy of a Revolutionary Movement, p. 16. 5930:

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

5716:

Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War

2050:

Rebellion in Newark: Official Violence and Ghetto Response

1558:

1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention

6114:

National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

3557:

Students for a Democratic Society Period : 1962–1970

2246:

Archival Resources in Wisconsin: Descriptive Finding Aids

1622:

Taking Liberties: Four Decades in the Struggle for Rights

1463: 1437:

National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

1227:

The summer convention of 1966 was moved farther west, to

1189: 3425: 3312:

Chicago: Students for a Democratic Society, 1965. 10 p.

3286:," SDS Economic Research and Action Project, 1963. 27 p. 3193:

Setting The Record Straight: Progressive Labor & SDS

3078:. Random House (1973), Hardcover, Vintage Books. 1973. 1803:

A New Insurgency: The Port Huron Statement and Its Times

1689:

The UAW and the Heyday of American Liberalism, 1945–1968

1427:

With what she regarded as an implicit understanding for

3458:. Report. This publication is often referred to as the 3291:

Getting Ready for the Firing Line: Join Community Union

3184:

SDS-WSA pamphlet, 1972, attacking terrorism, including

2581:"Telling It Like It Is. Speech to the SDS Convention", 912:

was elected president. The SDS manifesto, known as the

2991:

Many Minds, One Heart: SNCC's Dream for a New America.

2242:"Students for a Democratic Society Records, 1958-1970" 1897:

In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s

865: 6763:

Youth rights organizations based in the United States

3023:

Berkeley : University of California Press, 1999

2605:

Neighborhood mobilization: redevelopment and response

1597:

Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)

21:

Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)

6758:

Student political organizations in the United States

3451:. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. 3444:. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. 3436:. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. 3062:

Students for a Democratic Society, a Graphic History

2292:

Celebrating the Rag, Austin Iconic Underground Paper

5392:

Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)

3528:

Works by or about Students for a Democratic Society

3170:

Tom Hayden, "The Future of 1968's 'Restless Youth'"

3038:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994 2626:Tourekwebsite=todayinclh.com, Mary (Aug 30, 2013). 1306:

Vietnam War protestors at the March on the Pentagon

1066:, and within the SNCC (particularly after the 1964 4956:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 1654: 1619: 1277:, an underground newspaper founded by SDS leaders 16:American student activist organization (1960–1974) 3984:Bombing of the New York Department of Corrections 3686:Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy 3370:Chicago: Students for a Democratic Society, 1965. 3276:Chicago: Students for a Democratic Society, 1966. 2061:'Committee on Internal Security (1970), pp. 34–35 1579:. Others were to follow Michael Klonsky into the 6679: 3421:, Vol. 5, No. 15, July 6, 1970 – . Boston, 1970. 4776: 3367:Vietnam Study Guide and Annotated Bibliography. 3309:The New Radicals and "Participatory Democracy". 2142:. Washington: U.S. Government P.O.. 1970. p. 29 1779:. Princeton University Press. pp. 21, 24. 981: 5843:April 15, 1967 Anti-Vietnam war demonstrations 3361:. Students of a Democratic Society, 1966. 7 p. 3201:Series of 12 articles originally published in 3176:(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 325–331. 3129:Anarchy and Organization: A Letter To The Left 1800:Parker, Howard Brick and Gregory, ed. (2015). 1090:, arranged for Hayden and Gitlin to meet with 999:(SNCC), most activity was oriented toward the 6216: 5700: 5407:Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces 4762: 4306: 3582: 2492:. New York: Vintage, 1994. pp. 103–07. Print. 1414: 800: 6768:University of Michigan student organizations 5889:1968 Democratic National Convention protests 3979:Bombings of the Office of California Prisons 3336:Chicago: Students for a Democratic Society, 3239:Chicago: Students for a Democratic Society. 3136:January 15, 1969. Retrieved April 12, 2005. 2659:Committee on Internal Security (1970). p. 84 2616:Committee on Internal Security (1970). p. 83 2384:Committee on Internal Security (1970). p. 86 1231:. Nick Egleson was chosen as president, and 413:Third World Liberation Front strikes of 1968 271:2014 Hong Kong student protest for democracy 6698:1974 disestablishments in the United States 6084:Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee 2963:New York: New York University press, 2001 2900: 2889:. New York, Charles Scribener's Sons, 1972 2799: 2294:. Austin: New Journalism Project. pp. 37–41 1661:. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 1154:) and committed ground troops to fight the 1146:1965–1966: Free Universities, and the Draft 352:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 6738:Organizations based in Ann Arbor, Michigan 6223: 6209: 5707: 5693: 4769: 4755: 4313: 4299: 3589: 3575: 2316:Churchill, Ward; Vander Wall, Jim (1990). 1984:. New York: Random House. pp. 86–87. 1297: 807: 793: 464:1964-65 U.C. Berkeley Free Speech Movement 229:Mahatma Gandhi Central University protests 32: 6753:Student organizations established in 1960 6255:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee 5360:Global Day of Action on Military Spending 3551:Online guide retrieved September 28, 2012 3172:in: Martin Klimke and Joachim Scharloth, 1692:. Cornell University Press. p. 159. 1052:Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka 997:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 419:1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia 3945:Bombing of the Presidio of San Francisco 3491:SDS Historical Documents and other links 3223:"Thorne Dreyer: As Port Huron Turns 50," 3064:. New York City: Hill & Wang, 2009. 2266:Loose Change: Three Women of the Sixties 2213:Sale (1973), pp. 204-205 and pp. 163–164 1743:The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage 1477: 1301: 1188:The National Convention in Akron (which 1173: 944:deliberativeness, honesty reflection." 693:Students for a Democratic Society (2006) 688:Students for a Democratic Society (1960) 459:1965 Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu 5832:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 3661:Domestic terrorism in the United States 3596: 1962:. New York: New York University press. 1643: 1352:student shutdown of Columbia University 975:Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund 902:Student League for Industrial Democracy 54:Student League for Industrial Democracy 6680: 5092:Soviet influence on the peace movement 4736:Index of youth rights–related articles 3666:Women's Brigade of Weather Underground 2978:Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1976 2548: 2461: 1799: 1774: 1464:1969–1970: splintering and dissolution 1088:United Packinghouse Workers of America 1014:was chosen as National Secretary, and 956:(as he later would with Irving Howe). 6230: 6204: 5972:Greenwich Village townhouse explosion 5688: 5279:World March for Peace and Nonviolence 4750: 4320: 4294: 3935:Greenwich Village townhouse explosion 3570: 3561:Online guide retrieved April 12, 2005 3426:United States Government publications 1921: 1685: 1617: 926:United Automobile Workers union (UAW) 708:UP Diliman University Student Council 302:2010 University of Puerto Rico Strike 287:2013 Bangladesh quota reform movement 211:2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement 186:2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement 64:New Students for a Democratic Society 6743:Organizations disestablished in 1974 6718:Defunct American political movements 5956:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam 5903:Columbia University protests of 1968 5436:Third Party Non-violent Intervention 3974:Bombing of the United States Capitol 3676:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, 1970s 3537:Photos and Documents: SDS News at UW 3417:Students for a Democratic Society . 3284:An Interracial Movement of the Poor? 3142:on anarchist forms of organization." 3120:, issue 31, September–October, 1983. 2800:Levin, John F; Silbar, Earl (2019). 2558:. Smithsonian Magazine. May 4, 2017. 1979: 1842: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1649: 408:1968–69 Japanese university protests 251:2015 University of Missouri protests 216:2018 Bangladesh road safety protests 4275: 3646:1968 Democratic National Convention 3410:Students for a Democratic Society. 3403:Students For A Democratic Society. 3394:Students for a Democratic Society. 3383:Students for a Democratic Society. 3373:Students for a Democratic Society. 3229: 2948:. London and New York: Verso, 2002 2531:"SDS deals with the woman question" 2462:Hanson, Russell L. (14 July 2014). 2331: 2008:. New York. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 525 1441:1968 Democratic National Convention 1375:organized by Sandra "Casey" Cason ( 866:1960–1962: The Port Huron Statement 13: 6109:Movement for a Democratic Military 5779:1965 March against the Vietnam War 5661:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir 5558:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014) 4846:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp 4172:Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) 3964:Bombing of Marin County Courthouse 2874: 2607:. Rutgers University Press, p. 108 2039:. Harvard University Press. p. 196 1317:University of Wisconsin in Madison 1135:University of California, Berkeley 14: 6779: 6688:Students for a Democratic Society 6341:Students for a Democratic Society 6129:Students for a Democratic Society 5153:International Day of Non-Violence 4811:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 4020:Prairie Fire Organizing Committee 3999:1983 United States Senate bombing 3950:Bombing of the Bank of America HQ 3636:Students for a Democratic Society 3478:Students for a Democratic Society 3466: 2830:Students for a Democratic Society 1706: 1335:(FBI), mainly through its secret 882:Intercollegiate Socialist Society 855:Students for a Democratic Society 820:Students for a Democratic Society 266:2014 Jadavpur University protests 191:2021 Boğaziçi University protests 27:Students for a Democratic Society 6315:Up Against the Wall Motherfucker 6275:Maoist Internationalist Movement 6149:Vietnam Veterans Against the War 5751:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War 5563:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 4274: 4265: 4264: 4253: 4241: 3471: 3447:U.S. House of Representatives. 3439:U.S. House of Representatives. 2927:. Pittsburgh: Changemaker, 2011 2138:Committee on Internal Security, 1366: 1167:against the war was held in the 1033:and local parents to create the 774: 668:Hong Kong Federation of Students 256:2015 Bangladesh student protests 6693:1960 establishments in Michigan 6144:United States Servicemen's Fund 4936:Social Democratic Party (Japan) 4707:The Teenage Liberation Handbook 4024:May 19th Communist Organization 3681:Bill Clinton pardon controversy 3431:U.S. House of Representatives. 3008:. New York: Basic Books, 1987. 2847: 2818: 2793: 2784: 2775: 2766: 2741: 2716: 2707: 2683: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2641: 2619: 2610: 2597: 2588: 2575: 2562: 2495: 2482: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2426: 2417: 2404: 2387: 2378: 2369: 2360: 2349:from the original on 2008-05-16 2310: 2297: 2284: 2271: 2258: 2234: 2225: 2216: 2207: 2198: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2158: 2145: 2132: 2114: 2101: 2092: 2066: 2055: 2042: 2029: 2020: 2011: 1998: 1973: 1952: 1940: 1915: 1902: 1889: 1864: 1812:10.3998/maize.13545967.0001.001 1333:Federal Bureau of Investigation 878:League for Industrial Democracy 489:1229 University of Paris strike 474:1956 Bucharest student movement 337:July 1999 Iran student protests 196:2021 Columbia University strike 5946:Weather High School Jailbreaks 5908:Court-martial of Susan Schnall 4856:List of pacifist organisations 4644:Age of criminal responsibility 4163:John Brown Anti-Klan Committee 3929:Weather High School Jailbreaks 3118:International Socialist Review 2826:"SDS News: What Are We Up To?" 2568:Amy Sony, James Tracy (2011), 2468:. Princeton University Press. 2303:Tishcler, Barbara L., Editor, 2281:, Pantheon Books, 1985; p. 58. 2268:. London: Collins. pp. 105–106 2122:"[No title Available]" 1836: 1793: 1768: 1756: 1735: 1679: 1611: 1029:chapter of SDS partnered with 362:1980 student protests in Kabul 322:2006 student protests in Chile 297:2011 student protests in Chile 1: 6748:Social movement organizations 6420:Revolutionary Action Movement 6190:Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth 3969:Bombing at Harvard University 3940:Bombing of the National Guard 3337: 3298:Towards a Democratic History. 3240: 2804:. San Francisco: 1741 Press. 1876:www.nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu 1849:. New York University Press. 1605: 1502:control of the organization. 1179: 678:RMIT University Student Union 630:School district drug policies 327:2006 student uprising in Iran 39: 6703:American democracy activists 6425:Sojourner Truth Organization 6354:Revolutionary Youth Movement 6018:Winter Soldier Investigation 5838:Court-martial of Howard Levy 5262:World Peace Bell Association 5163:Dialogue Among Civilizations 4866:New Socialist Party of Japan 4851:Iraq War resisters in Canada 4816:Coalition of Women for Peace 3640:Revolutionary Youth Movement 3545:. May 4 Collection—Box 107. 3515:Revolutionary Youth Movement 3376:National Vietnam Examination 3352:National Student Association 3321:, Vol. 12, No. 3, July 1965. 3109:. Retrieved April 12, 2005. 2832:. 2019-10-06. Archived from 2155:. Seven Stories Press. p. 85 1470:Revolutionary Youth Movement 1439:to coincide with the August 982:1962–1964: Organize your own 537:Minimally invasive education 347:1996 Quebec student protests 342:1996–1997 protests in Serbia 332:2005 Quebec student protests 292:2012 Quebec student protests 138:Revolutionary Youth Movement 7: 6325:Young Patriots Organization 6175:Counterculture of the 1960s 6074:Concerned Officers Movement 5895:The whole world is watching 5430:The whole world is watching 5198:Peace & Love (festival) 5148:Imagine Piano Peace Project 4666:Counterculture of the 1960s 4402:Community youth development 4197:Subterranean Homesick Blues 3617:Counterculture of the 1960s 3456:Commission on Campus Unrest 3385:"The Port Huron Statement." 3259:Haber, Al and Dick Flacks. 3207:The Progressive Labor Party 3089: 2594:Sony and Tracy (2011). p.56 2572:. Brooklyn, Melville House. 2320:. Boston: South End Press. 2111:. New York University Press 1908:Michael Harrington (1962). 1686:Boyle, Kevin (1995-11-21). 1178:SDS Free university button 1140:Congress of Racial Equality 1064:Congress of Racial Equality 908:campus at Ann Arbor, where 615:Ordinance of Student Rights 605:Censorship of student media 379:Athens Polytechnic uprising 367:1978 "Ali Must Go" protests 282:2014 Iguala mass kidnapping 10: 6784: 6310:Symbionese Liberation Army 6119:Pacific Counseling Service 5862:The Ultimate Confrontation 5800:political self-immolations 5553:2011 intervention in Libya 5173:List of places named Peace 5158:International Day of Peace 4876:Peace and conflict studies 4796:Anti-nuclear organizations 4417:Positive youth development 4003:Resistance Conspiracy case 3671:Seattle Weather Collective 3105:. Direct Action Tendency, 1980:Sale, Kirkpatrick (1973). 1899:. Harvard University Press 1843:Mele, Christopher (2017). 1820:2027/spo.13545967.0001.001 1594: 1590: 1555: 1467: 1415:Secession and polarization 869: 860: 620:School corporal punishment 277:Sunflower Student Movement 18: 6610: 6530: 6454: 6447: 6377: 6339: 6330:Youth International Party 6247: 6238: 6167: 6054: 6010: 5964: 5921: 5881: 5818: 5774:Edmonton aircraft bombing 5766: 5733: 5722: 5669: 5598: 5463: 5287: 5188:Nobel Peace Prize Concert 5183:Mother's Day Proclamation 5133:Dances of Universal Peace 5110: 4964: 4946:The Women's Peace Crusade 4788: 4731: 4701:Taking Children Seriously 4626: 4603:School-to-prison pipeline 4510: 4427:Student-centered learning 4389: 4328: 4236: 4135: 4054: 4033: 4012: 3915: 3694: 3612:Anti-Vietnam War movement 3604: 2603:Jeffrey R. Henig (1982). 2478:– via Google Books. 1924:"A Short History of ERAP" 1895:Clayborne Carson (1995). 1657:How We Got Here: The '70s 1350:to date. But it was the 1035:Committee for Freedom Now 640:School-to-prison pipeline 206:School strike for climate 147: 129: 113: 100: 92: 78: 70: 59: 49: 31: 6385:American Indian Movement 6378:Racial justice movements 5449:Violence begets violence 5382:Non-aggression principle 5252:The Non-Violence Project 5232:Promoting Enduring Peace 5215:Promoting Enduring Peace 4871:Pacifist Socialist Party 4696:Subcultures of the 1950s 4686:International Youth Year 4351:Intergenerational equity 4248:United States portal 4041:Seattle Liberation Front 3485:New Left Archive at NLN 3205:, biweekly newspaper of 3114:The Rise and Fall of SDS 2923:Davidson, Carl, editor. 2879: 2772:Sale (1973). pp. 392–400 2650:, October 18, 1968. p. 3 2366:Sale (1973). pp. 297–298 2231:Sale (1973), pp. 176–178 2182:ale (1973), pp. 159–163. 1391:, the bi-monthly of the 698:Student Press Law Center 663:European Students' Union 557:Student-centred learning 479:Września children strike 435:Mexican Movement of 1968 307:2010 UK student protests 239:2017 Jallikattu protests 234:2017–18 Iranian protests 6708:Anti–Vietnam War groups 6369:Worker Student Alliance 6290:Progressive Labor Party 6285:Peace and Freedom Party 5741:1960s Berkeley protests 5543:Military action in Iran 5178:Monuments and memorials 5128:Concert Yutel for Peace 4931:React, Include, Recycle 4861:List of peace activists 4826:Conscientious objectors 4397:Anarchistic free school 4366:Youth-adult partnership 4063:The Weather Underground 3989:Bombing of the Pentagon 3959:California Men's Colony 3907:Cathlyn Platt Wilkerson 2781:McDowell (2013), p. 135 2153:Flying Close to the Sun 2151:Cathy Wilkerson (2007) 2098:Sale (1973). SDS, p. 94 2004:Sanford Horwitt (1989) 1775:Klimke, Martin (2011). 1763:Anatomy of a Revolution 1745:. Bantam. pp. 377–409. 1488:Progressive Labor Party 1453:Worker Student Alliance 1298:1967–1968: Stop the War 1039:Chester school protests 857:, was founded in 2006. 840:participatory democracy 703:Worker Student Alliance 512:Anarchistic free school 446:1968 protests in Poland 392:Huelga schools, Houston 317:2007 Dutch pupil strike 6280:New Communist movement 6270:George Jackson Brigade 5992:Student strike of 1970 5464:Opposition to specific 5419:Swords to ploughshares 5413:Soldiers are murderers 4806:Anti-war organizations 4660:The Catcher in the Rye 4218:White privilege theory 3626:New Communist movement 2728:historymatters.gmu.edu 2507:historymatters.gmu.edu 2423:McDowell (2013) p. 136 2264:Sara Davidson (1977). 2035:Miller, James (1994), 1958:Heather Frost (2001). 1723:www2.iath.virginia.edu 1719:"Port Huron Statement" 1581:New Communist Movement 1483: 1307: 1257: 1185: 1169:University of Michigan 1161:Women Strike for Peace 1152:Operation Flaming Dart 906:University of Michigan 552:Student bill of rights 394: – United States 38:Cover of SDS pamphlet 6395:Black Liberation Army 6390:Antonio Maceo Brigade 6349:New American Movement 6029:Clay v. United States 6023:1971 May Day protests 6002:Sterling Hall bombing 5848:March on the Pentagon 5466:wars or their aspects 5387:Nonviolent resistance 5237:Show of Peace Concert 5002:Anti-nuclear movement 4691:LGBT student movement 4639:Age of consent reform 4613:Youth control complex 4177:Tate–LaBianca murders 3547:Kent State University 3480:at Wikimedia Commons 3364:Rosenthal, Steven J. 3357:Oppenheimer, Martin. 3282:, and Carl Wittman. " 3272:Student Social Action 3156:. November 23, 2006. 2974:Heath, G. Louis, ed. 2941:. Alfred Knopf. 1979. 2305:Sights on the Sixties 2195:. Scribner. pp. 97–98 2191:Carl Oglesby (2008), 2107:Ken Heineman (1992). 2074:"A Step into America" 1618:Neier, Aryeh (2003). 1556:Further information: 1481: 1326:March on the Pentagon 1305: 1252: 1221:University of Florida 1177: 1057:civil rights movement 1047:Chester, Pennsylvania 884:, founded in 1905 by 751:LGBT student movement 134:New American Movement 6320:United Freedom Front 6265:Free Speech Movement 6094:GI's Against Fascism 5982:Kent State shootings 5548:Sri Lankan Civil War 5442:Turn the other cheek 5257:University for Peace 5168:List of peace prizes 4407:Democratic education 4341:Free-range parenting 4260:Communism portal 4222:Critical race theory 4203:Black Power movement 4084:The Company You Keep 3397:SDS: An Introduction 3246:. Mimeographed. 7 p. 3181:Who Are The Bombers? 2901:Berger, Dan (2006). 2452:Evans (1979). p. 157 2443:Evans (1979). p. 161 2343:What Really Happened 2222:Oglesby, pp. 103–104 2164:Wilkerson, pp. 83–84 1922:Rothstein, Richard. 1741:Todd Gitlin (1993). 1409:second-wave feminism 1393:War Resisters League 1322:War Resisters League 1313:Dow Chemical Company 1131:Free Speech Movement 1062:However, within the 1022:was made president. 933:Port Huron Statement 914:Port Huron Statement 872:Port Huron Statement 830:organization in the 610:Compulsory education 517:Democratic education 507:Authentic assessment 6430:White Panther Party 6405:Black Panther Party 6364:Weather Underground 6154:Weather Underground 6124:Stop Our Ship (SOS) 5796:Roger Allen LaPorte 5746:Central Park be-ins 5590:Nuclear disarmament 5573:in Russian Far East 5330:Department of Peace 5315:Counter-recruitment 5310:Conflict resolution 5300:Central Park be-ins 5288:Slogans and tactics 5267:Japanese Peace Bell 5057:Non-interventionism 5052:Modern-war pacifism 4990:Christian anarchism 4472:Youth participation 4467:Youth organizations 4371:Youth mainstreaming 4336:Evolving capacities 4148:Communist terrorism 4126:Columbus Free Press 3598:Weather Underground 3503:on November 4, 2009 3107:Socialist Party USA 3074:Sale, Kirkpatrick, 3019:Klatch, Rebecca E. 3004:Isserman, Maurice. 2989:Hogan, Wesley C., " 2730:. February 17, 1985 2713:Sale (1973), p. 338 2410:Sara Evans (1979), 2375:Sale (1973). p. 304 2204:Sale (1973), p. 140 2193:Ravens in the Storm 2048:Tom Hayden (1967), 1577:1886 Haymarket Riot 1497:At a time when the 1474:Weather Underground 1315:recruitment at the 1086:, president of the 1008:Pine Hill, New York 924:'s leadership, the 501:Concepts and theory 398:1970 Student Strike 357:1989 Anti-SAP riots 222:March for Our Lives 164:the Politics series 142:Weather Underground 28: 6713:COINTELPRO targets 6633:Liberated Barracks 6359:Venceremos Brigade 6069:Chicano Moratorium 5977:Free The Army tour 5756:Draft-card burning 5484:American Civil War 5376:Make love, not war 5350:Economic sanctions 5305:Civil disobedience 5138:Festival for Peace 5111:Media and cultural 5097:Testimony of peace 5017:Christian pacifism 4477:Youth philanthropy 4346:Future generations 4187:Attica Prison riot 3754:Elizabeth Ann Duke 3739:Judith Alice Clark 3517:mission statement. 3419:SDS New Left Notes 3387:Based on Draft by 3346:Olinick, Michael. 3254:U. S. Imperialism. 3213:"The Death of SDS" 3209:January–July 2007. 2859:gopherlink.umn.edu 2585:, January 16, 1968 2080:. 10 February 2013 2026:Sale (1973). p. 83 2017:Sale (1973), p. 80 1484: 1429:Stokely Carmichael 1422:the Black Panthers 1308: 1186: 1101:C. Clark Kissinger 1027:Swarthmore College 1020:Harvard University 954:Michael Harrington 781:Society portal 600:Alternative school 522:Democratic schools 469:1960 Anpo protests 452:East L.A. walkouts 424:May 1968 uprisings 201:2020 Thai protests 152:Venceremos Brigade 26: 6675: 6674: 6640:National Guardian 6606: 6605: 6462:Theodor W. Adorno 6443: 6442: 6295:Rainbow Coalition 6239:Organizations and 6232:American New Left 6198: 6197: 6180:Anti-war movement 6099:G.I. coffeehouses 6050: 6049: 5682: 5681: 5585:Military taxation 5455:War tax resisters 5022:Deterrence theory 4801:Anti-war movement 4744: 4743: 4713:Teenage rebellion 4681:Hungry generation 4568:Helicopter parent 4412:Popular education 4322:Youth empowerment 4288: 4287: 4158:Rainbow Coalition 4091:American Pastoral 3832:Howard Machtinger 3773: 3656:Flint War Council 3476:Media related to 3462:, issued in 1970. 3348:The Campus Press. 3296:Lemisch, Jessie. 3203:Challenge-Desafio 3132:. Reprinted from 3103:Electronic Worker 3044:978-0-674-19725-1 2999:978-0-8078-3074-1 2954:978-1-85984-617-9 2933:978-1-257-99947-7 2126:content.cdlib.org 1928:content.cdlib.org 1910:The Other America 1856:978-1-4798-6609-0 1829:978-1-60785-350-3 1699:978-1-5017-1327-9 1571:October 6, 1969, 1116:Lyndon B. Johnson 1073:The Other America 1012:Boston University 826:) was a national 817: 816: 625:School discipline 532:Hidden curriculum 527:Freedom of speech 157: 156: 6775: 6728:History of youth 6553:Bernardine Dohrn 6512:Erik Olin Wright 6507:Raymond Williams 6452: 6451: 6400:Black Liberators 6245: 6244: 6225: 6218: 6211: 6202: 6201: 6185:Protests of 1968 6079:Donald W. Duncan 5788:Donald W. Duncan 5731: 5730: 5709: 5702: 5695: 5686: 5685: 5509:list of protests 5370:Lesson of Munich 5325:Demilitarisation 5203:Peace journalism 4997:Anti-imperialism 4980:Anarcho-pacifism 4916:Peace psychology 4896:Peace conference 4891:Peace commission 4836:Culture of Peace 4771: 4764: 4757: 4748: 4747: 4634:Age of candidacy 4588:Parental respect 4553:Fear of children 4528:Age restrictions 4457:Youth leadership 4452:Youth engagement 4422:Student activism 4356:Leaving the nest 4315: 4308: 4301: 4292: 4291: 4278: 4277: 4268: 4267: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4213:Student activism 4143:Protests of 1968 3807:Michael Justesen 3771: 3744:Bernardine Dohrn 3591: 3584: 3577: 3568: 3567: 3532:Internet Archive 3512: 3510: 3508: 3499:. Archived from 3475: 3454:U.S. president. 3342: 3339: 3252:and David Loud. 3245: 3242: 3235:Davidson, Carl. 3230:SDS publications 3124:Bookchin, Murray 3112:Bailey, Geoff. " 2959:Frost, Heather. 2920: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2782: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2760: 2753:www.marxists.org 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2735: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2695:www.marxists.org 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2608: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2552: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2535:www.marxists.org 2527: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2499: 2493: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2415: 2408: 2402: 2391: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2335: 2329: 2328:. 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Wright Mills 6492:Herbert Marcuse 6467:Murray Bookchin 6439: 6373: 6335: 6300:Red Guard Party 6240: 6234: 6229: 6199: 6194: 6163: 6089:Fort Hood Three 6056: 6046: 6041:Pentagon Papers 6006: 5960: 5917: 5913:Presidio mutiny 5877: 5873:self-immolation 5826:Angry Arts week 5814: 5805:Fort Hood Three 5792:Norman Morrison 5762: 5725: 5718: 5713: 5683: 5678: 5665: 5594: 5538:Afghanistan War 5489:Second Boer War 5465: 5459: 5283: 5106: 4960: 4906:Peace education 4789:Peace advocates 4784: 4775: 4745: 4740: 4727: 4649:Beat Generation 4622: 4618:Youth exclusion 4573:Infantilization 4543:Eleutherophobia 4506: 4462:Youth-led media 4385: 4324: 4319: 4289: 4284: 4254: 4252: 4242: 4240: 4232: 4168:Michael Klonsky 4131: 4050: 4029: 4008: 3994:Brink's robbery 3911: 3902:Laura Whitehorn 3877:Susan Rosenberg 3769:Larry Grathwohl 3690: 3600: 3595: 3506: 3504: 3497:"Shut It Down!" 3495: 3469: 3460:Scranton Report 3428: 3340: 3315:Reprinted from 3304:Lynd, Staughton 3243: 3232: 3146:Maines, Billy. 3134:New Left Notes. 3092: 3060:Pekar, Harvey. 3034:Miller, James. 2917: 2885:Adelson, Alan. 2882: 2877: 2875:Further reading 2872: 2863: 2861: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2839: 2837: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2758: 2756: 2755:. June 28, 1969 2749:"SDS ousts PLP" 2747: 2746: 2742: 2733: 2731: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2699: 2697: 2691:"SDS ousts PLP" 2689: 2688: 2684: 2680:, June 24, 1968 2676: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2583:The Firing Line 2580: 2576: 2567: 2563: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2540: 2538: 2537:. June 28, 1969 2529: 2528: 2521: 2511: 2509: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2414:. Alfred Knopf. 2409: 2405: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2352: 2350: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2315: 2311: 2302: 2298: 2289: 2285: 2276: 2272: 2263: 2259: 2250: 2248: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2133: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2060: 2056: 2047: 2043: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2003: 1999: 1992: 1978: 1974: 1957: 1953: 1945: 1941: 1932: 1930: 1920: 1916: 1907: 1903: 1894: 1890: 1880: 1878: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1857: 1841: 1837: 1830: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1773: 1769: 1761: 1757: 1740: 1736: 1727: 1725: 1717: 1716: 1707: 1700: 1684: 1680: 1673: 1648: 1644: 1634: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1599: 1593: 1560: 1528: 1508:Michael Klonsky 1476: 1468:Main articles: 1466: 1457: 1448:Michael Klonsky 1417: 1369: 1300: 1292:Hubert Humphrey 1268:countercultural 1260: 1216: 1194:J. Edgar Hoover 1182: 1148: 1041:along with the 1031:Stanley Branche 984: 965:Bowdoin-College 937: 894:Clarence Darrow 890:Walter Lippmann 874: 868: 863: 813: 773: 766: 765: 726: 718: 717: 658: 650: 649: 595: 587: 586: 572:Students' union 562:Student protest 502: 494: 493: 385:Diliman Commune 373:Soweto uprising 181: 140: 136: 125: 45: 42: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6781: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6662: 6655: 6648: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6619:Berkeley Tribe 6614: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6583:Huey P. Newton 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6458: 6456: 6449: 6445: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6381: 6379: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6345: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6251: 6249: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6228: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6205: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6134:Terry Whitmore 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6060: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6037: 6032: 6025: 6020: 6014: 6012: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5987:Fort Lewis Six 5984: 5979: 5974: 5968: 5966: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5925: 5923: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5899: 5898: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5858: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5828: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5758: 5748: 5743: 5737: 5735: 5728: 5720: 5719: 5712: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5689: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5651:United Kingdom 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5602: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5518: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5469: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5433: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5274:Women in Black 5271: 5270: 5269: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5037:Green politics 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5007:Antimilitarism 5004: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4911:Peace movement 4908: 4903: 4901:Peace congress 4898: 4893: 4888: 4886:Peace churches 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4841:ECOPEACE Party 4838: 4833: 4831:Counterculture 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4782:peace movement 4774: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4751: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4718:UK underground 4715: 4710: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4630: 4628: 4627:Related topics 4624: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4492:Youth suffrage 4489: 4484: 4482:Youth politics 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4442:Youth activism 4439: 4434: 4432:Student rights 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4318: 4317: 4310: 4303: 4295: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4272: 4262: 4250: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4189: 4184: 4181:Charles Manson 4174: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4048: 4045:Michael Lerner 4037: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4028: 4027: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4006: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3921: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3862:Eleanor Raskin 3859: 3854: 3849: 3847:Mark D. Naison 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3766: 3764:Brian Flanagan 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3700: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3643: 3633: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3594: 3593: 3586: 3579: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3554: 3540: 3534: 3525: 3518: 3493: 3488: 3468: 3467:External links 3465: 3464: 3463: 3452: 3445: 3437: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3422: 3415: 3412:New Left Notes 3408: 3401: 3392: 3381: 3371: 3362: 3355: 3344: 3324: 3323: 3322: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3277: 3264: 3257: 3250:Gilbert, David 3247: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3220: 3210: 3196: 3189: 3177: 3174:1968 in Europe 3167: 3162: 3157: 3154:Orlando Weekly 3144: 3121: 3110: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3072: 3070:978-0809089390 3058: 3047: 3032: 3017: 3002: 2987: 2972: 2957: 2942: 2935: 2921: 2915: 2898: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2846: 2817: 2810: 2792: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2740: 2715: 2706: 2682: 2678:New Left Notes 2670: 2661: 2652: 2648:New Left Notes 2640: 2618: 2609: 2596: 2587: 2574: 2561: 2547: 2519: 2494: 2481: 2474: 2454: 2445: 2436: 2425: 2416: 2403: 2386: 2377: 2368: 2359: 2330: 2326:978-0896083608 2309: 2296: 2283: 2270: 2257: 2233: 2224: 2215: 2206: 2197: 2184: 2175: 2166: 2157: 2144: 2131: 2113: 2100: 2091: 2065: 2054: 2041: 2028: 2019: 2010: 1997: 1990: 1972: 1951: 1947:New Left Notes 1939: 1914: 1901: 1888: 1863: 1855: 1835: 1828: 1792: 1785: 1767: 1755: 1734: 1705: 1698: 1678: 1671: 1642: 1632: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1595:Main article: 1592: 1589: 1573:the Weathermen 1536:Black Panthers 1499:New Left Notes 1465: 1462: 1416: 1413: 1401:New Left Notes 1368: 1365: 1348:student strike 1344:New Left Notes 1299: 1296: 1288:Allen Ginsberg 1147: 1144: 1084:Ralph Helstein 1068:Freedom Summer 1037:which led the 983: 980: 922:Walter Reuther 886:Upton Sinclair 870:Main article: 867: 864: 862: 859: 815: 814: 812: 811: 804: 797: 789: 786: 785: 784: 783: 768: 767: 764: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 727: 724: 723: 720: 719: 716: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 659: 656: 655: 652: 651: 648: 647: 645:Zero tolerance 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 542:Sudbury school 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 503: 500: 499: 496: 495: 492: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 455: 454: 448: 440: 439: 438: 437: 429: 428: 427: 426: 421: 416: 410: 400: 395: 388: 381: 377:November 1973 375: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 245:Fees Must Fall 241: 236: 231: 225: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 182: 179: 178: 175: 174: 168: 167: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 131: 127: 126: 124: 123: 117: 115: 111: 110: 102: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 61: 57: 56: 51: 47: 46: 37: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6780: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6723:Direct action 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6668: 6667: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6656: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6609: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6588:Terry Robbins 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6573:Abbie Hoffman 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6558:David Gilbert 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6446: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6338: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6246: 6243: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6221: 6219: 6214: 6212: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6104:Intrepid Four 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6064:Chicago Seven 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057:organizations 6053: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5997:Hard Hat Riot 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5941:Chicago Seven 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5721: 5717: 5710: 5705: 5703: 5698: 5696: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5668: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5656:United States 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5516:War on Terror 5514: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5472:War of 1812 ( 5471: 5470: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5402:Peacebuilding 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5340:Draft evasion 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5320:De-escalation 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5222:Peace One Day 5220: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5027:Direct action 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4985:Anarcho-punks 4983: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4951:War resisters 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4760: 4758: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4730: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4608:Vicariousness 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4578:Intrusiveness 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4538:Control freak 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4518:Adultcentrism 4516: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4487:Youth service 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4447:Youth council 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4361:Student voice 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4311: 4309: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4293: 4281: 4273: 4271: 4263: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 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Kurshan 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3812:Michael Kazin 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3787:Phoebe Hirsch 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3777:David Gilbert 3775: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3749:Dianne Donghi 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3724:Silas Bissell 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3580: 3578: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3474: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3405:Fight Racism! 3402: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3360: 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