Sufism - Knowledge

3986: 6809:"Sufi practices are merely attempts to attain psychic states—for their own sake—though it is claimed the pursuit represents seeking closeness to God, and that the achieved magical powers are gifts of advanced spirituality. For several reasons, Sufism was generally looked upon as heretical among Muslim scholars. Among the deviations introduced by the Sufis was the tendency to believe the daily prayers to be only for the masses who had not achieved deeper spiritual knowledge, but could be disregarded by those more advanced spiritually. The Sufis introduced the practice of congregational Dhikr, or religious oral exercises, consisting of a continuous repetition of the name of God. These practices were unknown to early Islam, and consequently regarded as Bid'ah, meaning "unfounded innovation". Also, many of the Sufis adopted the practice of total Tawakkul, or complete "trust" or "dependence" on God, by avoiding all kinds of labor or commerce, refusing medical care when they were ill, and living by begging." 5005:(c. 1058 – 1111), full name Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad aṭ-Ṭūsiyy al-Ġazzālīy was a Sunni Muslim polymath. He is known as one of the most prominent and influential Sufi, jurisconsult, legal theoretician, mufti, philosopher, theologian, logician and mystic in Islamic history. He is considered to be the 11th century's mujaddid, a renewer of the faith, who appears once every 100 years. Al-Ghazali's works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that he was awarded the honorific title "Proof of Islam". He was a prominent mujtahid in the Shafi'i school of law. His magnum opus is Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm ad-dīn ("The Revival of the Religious Sciences"). His works include Tahāfut al-Falāsifa ("Incoherence of the Philosophers"), a landmark in the history of philosophy. 4711:(830–910) was one of the great early Sufis. His practice of Sufism was considered dry and sober unlike some of the more ecstatic behaviours of other Sufis during his life. His order was the Junaydiyya, which links to the golden chain of many Sufi orders. He laid the groundwork for sober mysticism in contrast to that of God-intoxicated Sufis like al-Hallaj, Bayazid Bastami and Abusaeid Abolkheir. During the trial of al-Hallaj, his former disciple, the Caliph of the time demanded his fatwa. In response, he issued this fatwa: "From the outward appearance he is to die and we judge according to the outward appearance and God knows better". He is referred to by Sufis as Sayyid-ut Taifa—i.e., the leader of the group. He lived and died in the city of Baghdad. 9817: 3844:), he is spiritually reborn to the truth. At the beginning of the Sema, by holding his arms crosswise, the semazen appears to represent the number one, thus testifying to God's unity. While whirling, his arms are open: his right arm is directed to the sky, ready to receive God's beneficence; his left hand, upon which his eyes are fastened, is turned toward the earth. The semazen conveys God's spiritual gift to those who are witnessing the Sema. Revolving from right to left around the heart, the semazen embraces all humanity with love. The human being has been created with love in order to love. Mevlâna Jalâluddîn Rumi says, "All loves are a bridge to Divine love. Yet, those who have not had a taste of it do not know!" 2729:, liberal nationalists, and, some decades later, socialist movements in the Muslim world. Sufi orders were accused of fostering popular superstitions, resisting modern intellectual attitudes, and standing in the way of progressive reforms. Ideological attacks on Sufism were reinforced by agrarian and educational reforms, as well as new forms of taxation, which were instituted by Westernizing national governments, undermining the economic foundations of Sufi orders. The extent to which Sufi orders declined in the first half of the 20th century varied from country to country, but by the middle of the century the very survival of the orders and traditional Sufi lifestyle appeared doubtful to many observers. 3024: 4614:: Sufism says: abandonment, then adornment, then manifestation, abandonment of reprehensible morals, and liberation from the shackles of the dark forces in the soul of lust, anger, and envy, the morals of animals, wild beasts, and demons. Then have good morals, and enlighten the heart and soul with the light of our Master, the Messenger of God and his family, then the lights of God will be revealed to the eyes of the heart after erasing the veils that were blocking the heart from viewing and enjoying them. This is the highest bliss for the people of Paradise. With it, God honors the elite of His beloved servants in this abode, each according to his luck and share from the Messenger of God. 6628: 13046:"Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European orientalists would develop the thesis that Sufism and Islam were separate religious phenomena. The effect on Sufism in the West was twofold. The first impacted on the academic study of Sufism and the second on the development of Sufism as a religious form in Europe and North America. The separation of Sufism from its Islamic roots led to an over-emphasis on the translation of classical Sufi mystical literature at the expense of the lived religion practised throughout the Muslim world and perceived as part and parcel of a normative Islamic worldview, even if deeply contested in the Muslim majority world." 3541:), and to embrace with certainty its tenets. The seeker must also, of necessity, turn away from sins, love of this world, the love of company and renown, obedience to satanic impulse, and the promptings of the lower self. (The way in which this purification of the heart is achieved is outlined in certain books, but must be prescribed in detail by a Sufi master.) The seeker must also be trained to prevent the corruption of those good deeds which have accrued to his or her credit by overcoming the traps of ostentation, pride, arrogance, envy, and long hopes (meaning the hope for a long life allowing us to mend our ways later, rather than immediately, here and now). 2861: 2706: 2393: 3470: 3746:—my God, you are my Goal and Your good pleasure is what I seek". Then he brings to his heart the Name of the Essence—Allâh—and as it courses through his heart he remains attentive to its meaning, which is "Essence without likeness". The seeker remains aware that He is Present, Watchful, Encompassing of all, thereby exemplifying the meaning of his saying (may God bless him and grant him peace): "Worship God as though you see Him, for if you do not see Him, He sees you". And likewise the prophetic tradition: "The most favored level of faith is to know that God is witness over you, wherever you may be". 3152:. Fariduddin Attar stated, "Muhammad is the exemplar to both worlds, the guide of the descendants of Adam. He is the sun of creation, the moon of the celestial spheres, the all-seeing eye...The seven heavens and the eight gardens of paradise were created for him; he is both the eye and the light in the light of our eyes." Sufis have historically stressed the importance of Muhammad's perfection and his ability to intercede. The persona of Muhammad has historically been and remains an integral and critical aspect of Sufi belief and practice. Bayazid Bastami is recorded to have been so devoted to the 3348: 7214: 3209: 6814: 3714: 73: 4334: 3762: 2971: 3270:, the existential confession that God is One. Ibn Arabi says, "When we see someone in this Community who claims to be able to guide others to God, but is remiss in but one rule of the Sacred Law—even if he manifests miracles that stagger the mind—asserting that his shortcoming is a special dispensation for him, we do not even turn to look at him, for such a person is not a sheikh, nor is he speaking the truth, for no one is entrusted with the secrets of God Most High save one in whom the ordinances of the Sacred Law are preserved. ( 4934:

of renowned Sufi teachers and quickly demonstrated exceptional talent and understanding. His primary teacher was Sayyid Muhammad Baba As-Samasi, who initiated him into the spiritual path. His approach to Sufism emphasized inner contemplation, discipline, and a focus on the unseen. He advocated for a balanced lifestyle, combining spiritual practices with worldly responsibilities. His teachings were rooted in the Quran and the Sunnah, and he emphasized the importance of following the example of the Prophet Muhammad.

4881: 2629: 3367: 3303:, narrated a tradition in which a man asked Malik "about something in the inward science", to which Malik replied: "Truly none knows the inward science except those who know the outward science! When he knows the outward science and puts it into practice, God shall open for him the inward science – and that will not take place except by the opening of his heart and its enlightenment." In other similar traditions, it is related that Malik said: "He who practices Sufism ( 2258: 4109: 2383:

I resorted to my intrinsic proclivity. During these turbulent years, numerous astonishing and indescribable secrets of life were unveiled to me. I was convinced that the group of Aulia (holy mystics) is the only truthful group who follow the right path, display best conduct and surpass all sages in their wisdom and insight. They derive all their overt or covert behaviour from the illumining guidance of the holy Prophet, the only guidance worth quest and pursuit.

26666: 21654: 6078: 3873: 26702: 6865:, an American think-tank, issued a major report titled "Building Moderate Muslim Networks", which urged the US government to form links with and bolster Muslim groups that opposed Islamist extremism. The report stressed the Sufi role as moderate traditionalists open to change, and thus as allies against violence. News organisations such as the BBC, Economist and Boston Globe have also seen Sufism as a means to deal with violent Muslim extremists. 26676: 15167: 4947: 2532: 6883:"stresses that Sufism lies behind and before systematization; that 'our wine existed before what you call the grape and the vine' (the school and the system)..." Shah's views have however been rejected by modern scholars. Such modern trends of neo-Sufis in Western countries allow non-Muslims to receive "instructions on following the Sufi path", not without opposition by Muslims who consider such instruction outside the sphere of Islam. 4541:: which is concerned with knowing the thoughts and conversations of souls. In the hadith: (Fear the insight of the believer, for he sees with the light of God), and it depends on his strength. Proximity and knowledge. The stronger the closeness and the more knowledgeable the knowledge becomes, the more accurate the insight becomes, because if the soul is close to the presence of the truth, nothing but the truth often appears in it. 3907:) have traditionally been considered as prohibited by the four orthodox Sunni schools, and the more orthodox Sufi tariqas also continued to prohibit their use. Throughout history most Sufi saints have stressed that musical instruments are forbidden. However some Sufi Saints permitted and encouraged it, whilst maintaining that musical instruments and female voices should not be introduced, although these are common practice today. 1400: 4770: 6116: 6986: 4094:. From the twelfth to the fourteenth century, "the general veneration of saints, among both people and sovereigns, reached its definitive form with the organization of Sufism ... into orders or brotherhoods." In the common expressions of Islamic piety of this period, the saint was understood to be "a contemplative whose state of spiritual perfection ... permanent expression in the teaching bequeathed to his disciples." 26714: 21643: 6102: 1286: 623: 15412: 6205:, led to a long trial. He was imprisoned for 11 years in a Baghdad prison, before being tortured and publicly beheaded on March 26, 922. He is still revered by Sufis for his willingness to embrace torture and death rather than recant. It is said that during his prayers, he would say "O Lord! You are the guide of those who are passing through the Valley of Bewilderment. If I am a heretic, enlarge my heresy". 6091: 4622:: It is seeking blessing from God through legitimate reasons, the greatest of which is begging Him for that by which one has been blessed, whether it is a person, an effect, or a place. This blessing, as they believe, is sought by being exposed to it in its proper place by turning to God and supplicating to Him. They cite as evidence the many stories of the Companions’ blessings of the Prophet Muhammad. 4646: 6793: 3120: 2270: 11916: 3509: 14687: 6162:(or Ibn al-'Arabi) (AH 561 – AH 638; July 28, 1165 – November 10, 1240) is regarded as one of the most influential Sufi masters in the history of Sufism, revered for his profound spiritual insight, refined taste, and deep knowledge of God. Over the centuries, he has been honored with the title "The Grand Master" (Arabic: الشيخ الأكبر). Ibn Arabi also founded the Sufi order known as " 685: 4359:), and is able to enter the order with a glimpse of its endpoint, of direct apprehension of the Divine Presence towards which all spiritual striving is directed. This does not replace the striving to purify the heart, as in the other branch; it simply stems from a different point of entry into the path. This is the way primarily of the masters of the Naqshbandi and 6912:(Critical Study of Indian Speech: Rationally Acceptable or Rejected) discusses the similarity of some Sufism concepts with aspects of Hinduism, such as: Atma with ruh, tanasukh with reincarnation, Mokhsha with Fanafillah, Ittihad with Nirvana: union between Paramatma in Jivatma, Avatar or Incarnation with Hulul, Vedanta with Wahdatul Ujud, Mujahadah with Sadhana. 6801:

literature" in the academic study of Sufism at the expense of the lived practises in Islam, as well as a separation of Sufism from its Islamic roots in the development of Sufism as a religious form in the West. Figures like Rumi have become well known in the United States, where Sufism is perceived as a peaceful and apolitical form of Islam.

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that the divine attributes of God are manifested through Muhammad. Ibn Arabi maintains that Muhammad is the best proof of God, and by knowing Muhammad one knows God. Ibn Arabi also maintains that Muhammad is the master of all of humanity in both this world and the afterlife. In this view, Islam is the best religion because Muhammad is Islam.

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object to destiny and do not They are satisfied with God's ruling, their trust is diminished, and they rely with their hearts on the reasons, for they are their scene and the subject of their consideration, and their view is not that God Almighty is the one who disposes, gives, and prevents.. Most people live as captives of their souls.

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instance, much Sufi poetry refers to intoxication, which Islam expressly forbids. This usage of indirect language and the existence of interpretations by people who had no training in Islam or Sufism led to doubts being cast over the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. Also, some groups emerged that considered themselves above the

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times, it has been increasingly used by scholars like Mark Sedgwick in the opposite sense, to describe various forms of Sufi-influenced spirituality in the West, in particular the deconfessionalized spiritual movements which emphasize universal elements of the Sufi tradition and de-emphasize its Islamic context.

3878: 3877: 3874: 3102:, for 20 years, until as-Samasi died. He is said to then have served several other teachers for lengthy periods of time. He is said to have helped the poorer members of the community for many years, and after this concluded his teacher directed him to care for animals cleaning their wounds, and assisting them. 1640:", "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". 3879: 4933:

was a prominent Sufi master of the 14th century, renowned for founding the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Born in 1318 in the village of Qasr-i Hinduvan near Bukhara, Uzbekistan, he was a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. His early life was marked by a deep spiritual inclination. He sought out the guidance

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is said to have castigated himself before her superior merits and sincere virtues. Rabi'a was born of very poor origin, but was captured by bandits at a later age and sold into slavery. She was however released by her master when he awoke one night to see the light of sanctity shining above her head.

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However, defying these predictions, Sufism and Sufi orders have continued to play a major role in the Muslim world, also expanding into Muslim-minority countries. Its ability to articulate an inclusive Islamic identity with greater emphasis on personal and small-group piety has made Sufism especially

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The vicissitudes of life, family affairs and financial constraints engulfed my life and deprived me of the congenial solitude. The heavy odds confronted me and provided me with few moments for my pursuits. This state of affairs lasted for ten years, but whenever I had some spare and congenial moments

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Sufi mysticism has long exercised a fascination upon the Western world, and especially its Orientalist scholars. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, European orientalists treated Sufism and Islam as distinct subjects, leading to "an over-emphasis on the translation of classical Sufi mystical

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for such knowledge to be obtained (if at all), given proper prerequisites and proper guidance by a master of the way. Furthermore, the emphasis on practices may obscure a far more important fact: The seeker is, in a sense, to become a broken person, stripped of all habits through the practice of (in

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by Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar. He was given lessons about Tafsir by Abu Muhammad Ja'far, a commentator. His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas. After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions

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On the one hand there is the order from the signs to the Signifier (or from the arts to the Artisan). In this branch, the seeker begins by purifying the lower self of every corrupting influence that stands in the way of recognizing all of creation as the work of God, as God's active self-disclosure

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My servant draws near to Me through nothing I love more than that which I have made obligatory for him. My servant never ceases drawing near to Me through supererogatory works until I love him. Then, when I love him, I am his hearing through which he hears, his sight through which he sees, his hand

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for human beings to aspire to emulate. Ibn Arabi believes that God's attributes and names are manifested in this world and that the most complete and perfect display of these divine attributes and names are seen in Muhammad. Ibn Arabi believes that one may see God in the mirror of Muhammad, meaning

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His aspiration preceded all other aspirations, his existence preceded nothingness, and his name preceded the Pen, because he existed before all peoples. There is not in the horizons, beyond the horizons or below the horizons, anyone more elegant, more noble, more knowing, more just, more fearsome,

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The devotional practices of Sufis vary widely. Prerequisites to practice include rigorous adherence to Islamic norms (ritual prayer in its five prescribed times each day, the fast of Ramadan, and so forth). Additionally, the seeker ought to be firmly grounded in supererogatory practices known from

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Existing in both Sunni and Shia Islam, Sufism is not a distinct sect, as is sometimes erroneously assumed, but a method of approaching or a way of understanding the religion, which strives to take the regular practice of the religion to the "supererogatory level" through simultaneously "fulfilling

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Within the Sufi tradition, the formation of the orders did not immediately produce lineages of master and disciple. There are few examples before the eleventh century of complete lineages going back to the Prophet Muhammad. Yet the symbolic importance of these lineages was immense: they provided a

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Practitioners of Sufism hold that in its early stages of development Sufism effectively referred to nothing more than the internalization of Islam. According to one perspective, it is directly from the Qur'an, constantly recited, meditated, and experienced, that Sufism proceeded, in its origin and

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In July 2016, at International Sufi Festival held in Noida Film City, UP, India, H.E. Abdul Basit who was the High Commissioner of Pakistan to India at that time, while inaugurating the exhibition of Farkhananda Khan ‘Fida’ said, "There is no barrier of words or explanation about the paintings or

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Naqshbandi order became one of the most influential Sufi orders in Islamic history. It spread throughout Central Asia, the Middle East, and eventually to South Asia and the West. The order's emphasis on spiritual discipline, inner work, and social engagement resonated with many seekers. Bahauddin

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and used by other scholars to describe reformist currents among 18th century Sufi orders, whose goal was to remove some of the more ecstatic and pantheistic elements of the Sufi tradition and reassert the importance of Islamic law as the basis for inner spirituality and social activism. In recent

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As a mystic and ascetic aspect of Islam, it is considered as the part of Islamic teaching that deals with the purification of the inner self. By focusing on the more spiritual aspects of religion, Sufis strive to obtain direct experience of God by making use of "intuitive and emotional faculties"

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In the hadith (Whoever knows himself knows his Lord), the Sufis said: Whoever knows himself with imperfection, need, and servitude, knows his Lord with perfection, richness, and divinity, but few people know themselves in this sense and see it as it really is, so most people dispute divinity and

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In short, Muslim scholars who focused their energies on understanding the normative guidelines for the body came to be known as jurists, and those who held that the most important task was to train the mind in achieving correct understanding came to be divided into three main schools of thought:

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stated, "He who chooses a path contrary to that of the prophet shall never reach the destination. O Saadi, do not think that one can treat that way of purity except in the wake of the chosen one." Rumi attributes his self-control and abstinence from worldly desires as qualities attained by him

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The literature of Sufism emphasizes highly subjective matters that resist outside observation, such as the subtle states of the heart. Often these resist direct reference or description, with the consequence that the authors of various Sufi treatises took recourse to allegorical language. For

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The Islamic Institute in Mannheim, Germany, which works towards the integration of Europe and Muslims, sees Sufism as particularly suited for interreligious dialogue and intercultural harmonisation in democratic and pluralist societies; it has described Sufism as a symbol of tolerance and

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As a further example, the prospective adherent of the Mevlevi Order would have been ordered to serve in the kitchens of a hospice for the poor for 1001 days prior to being accepted for spiritual instruction, and a further 1,001 days in solitary retreat as a precondition of completing that

4594:: In Sufism there must be a spiritual influence, which comes through the Sheikh who took the method from his Sheikh until the chain of reception reaches in a continuous chain of transmission from the Sheikh to the Messenger Muhammad. They say: He who has no sheikh, his sheikh is Satan. 6849:, "the Sufis are much more than tactical allies for the West: they are, potentially, the greatest hope for pluralism and democracy within Muslim nations." Likewise, several governments and organisations have advocated the promotion of Sufism as a means of combating intolerant and 3876: 3334:

summit at Mecca in December 2005, and by six other international Islamic scholarly assemblies including the International Islamic Fiqh Academy of Jeddah, in July 2006. The definition of Sufism can vary drastically between different traditions (what may be intended is simple

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The rise of Islamic civilization coincides strongly with the spread of Sufi philosophy in Islam. The spread of Sufism has been considered a definitive factor in the spread of Islam, and in the creation of integrally Islamic cultures, especially in Africa and Asia. The

6972:. Inayat Khan believed that the God worshipped by Sufis is not specific to any particular religion or creed, but is the same God worshipped by people of all beliefs. This God is not limited by any name, whether it be Allah, God, Gott, Dieu, Khuda, Brahma, or Bhagwan. 4571:: There are three basic stages of the soul, as Sufi wisdom states, as well as various verses from the Qur’an. Sufism calls them “stages” in continuous processes of development and refinement. In addition to the three main stages, four additional stages are mentioned. 3386:

For these and other reasons, the relationship between traditional Islamic scholars and Sufism is complex, and a range of scholarly opinion on Sufism in Islam has been the norm. Some scholars, such as Al-Ghazali, helped its propagation while other scholars opposed it.

1819:, one is pledging allegiance to Muhammad; therefore, a spiritual connection between the seeker and Muhammad is established. It is through Muhammad that Sufis aim to learn about, understand and connect with God. Ali is regarded as one of the major figures amongst the 4898:("Benefactor of the Poor"), he is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order. Moinuddin Chishti introduced and established the order in the Indian subcontinent. The initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chishti order in India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti, 7152:. In the book, he evidences a great appreciation for, and affinity to, Sufism. Followers of his path continued to foster a Jewish-Sufi form of pietism for at least a century, and he is rightly considered the founder of this pietistic school, which was centered in 2958:, the French scholar, became a Sufi in the early twentieth century and was known as Sheikh Abdul Wahid Yahya. His manifold writings defined the practice of Sufism as the essence of Islam, but also pointed to the universality of its message. Spiritualists, such as 4910:(each successive person being the disciple of the previous one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history. Moinuddin Chishtī turned towards India, reputedly after a dream in which Muhammad blessed him to do so. After a brief stay at Lahore, he reached 4255:, a favor or spiritual gift freely bestowed by God. The marvels ascribed to Islamic saints have included supernatural physical actions, predictions of the future, and "interpretation of the secrets of hearts". Historically, a "belief in the miracles of saints ( 1632:

has argued against such distinctions, stating, in the Medieval period Sufism and Islam were more or less the same. In modern scholarly usage, the term serves to describe a wide range of social, cultural, political and religious phenomena associated with Sufis.

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Unfortunately, the name "Qawwali" is now only used if there is an addition of musical instruments and at times with the "add on" of dancing and whirling depending on the mood of those present. Musical instruments are forbidden. And so is dancing if it is with

3144:) because he is the most perfect existent creature of this human species. For this reason, the command began with him and was sealed with him. He was a Prophet while Adam was between water and clay, and his elemental structure is the Seal of the Prophets." 3741:

He is to collect all of his bodily senses in concentration, and to cut himself off from all preoccupation and notions that inflict themselves upon the heart. And thus he is to turn his full consciousness towards God Most High while saying three times:

6329:(d. 465/1072), an indispensable reference book for those who study and specialize in Islamic mysticism. It is considered as one of the most popular Sufi manuals and has served as a primary textbook for many generations of Sufi novices to the present. 3031:

To the Sufi, it is the transmission of divine light from the teacher's heart to the heart of the student, rather than worldly knowledge, that allows the adept to progress. They further believe that the teacher should attempt inerrantly to follow the

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A number of Westerners have embarked with varying degrees of success on the path of Sufism. One of the first to return to Europe as an official representative of a Sufi order, and with the specific purpose to spread Sufism in Western Europe, was the

2467:). Contrary to popular perception in the West, however, neither the founders of these orders nor their followers ever considered themselves to be anything other than orthodox Sunni Muslims, and in fact all of these orders were attached to one of the 7192:, in its entry on Sufism, states that the revival of Jewish mysticism in Muslim countries is probably due to the spread of Sufism in the same geographical areas. The entry details many parallels to Sufic concepts found in the writings of prominent 7232:

is considered one of the most influential figures of Sufism, as well as one of the greatest poets of all time. He has become one of the most widely read poets in the United States, thanks largely to the interpretative translations published by

4602:: The disciple pledges allegiance to the guide, and pledges to walk with him on the path of abandoning faults, displaying good qualities, achieving the pillar of benevolence, and advancing in his stations. It is like a promise and covenant. 3548:

for gaining knowledge. The traditional scholars of Sufism hold it as absolutely axiomatic that knowledge of God is not a psychological state generated through breath control. Thus, practice of "techniques" is not the cause, but instead the

3985: 4852:). He taught that his followers need not abstain from what Islam has not forbidden, but to be grateful for what God has bestowed upon them, in contrast to the majority of Sufis, who preach to deny oneself and to destroy the ego-self ( 6503: 4484:: It is a light that comes to those who walk in their journey to God. He reveals to them the veil of sense, and removes from them the causes of matter as a result of the striving, seclusion and remembrance they take themselves with. 3396:

theology, philosophy, and Sufism. This leaves us with the third domain of human existence, the spirit. Most Muslims who devoted their major efforts to developing the spiritual dimensions of the human person came to be known as Sufis.

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Sufism is the esoteric or inward dimension of Islam Islamic esoterism is, however not exhausted by Sufism but the main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization of Islamic esotericism is to be found in

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are thought of as faculties that are to be purified sequentially in order to bring the seeker's wayfaring to completion. A concise and useful summary of this system from a living exponent of this tradition has been published by

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Opposition to Sufi teachers and orders from more literalist and legalist strains of Islam existed in various forms throughout Islamic history. It took on a particularly violent form in the 18th century with the emergence of the

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Since the first Muslim hagiographies were written during the period when Sufism began its rapid expansion, many of the figures who later came to be regarded as the major saints in Sunni Islam were the early Sufi mystics, like

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The term Sufism was originally introduced into European languages in the 18th century by Orientalist scholars, who viewed it mainly as an intellectual doctrine and literary tradition at variance with what they saw as sterile

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with kitchens where these seekers could serve the poor and/or complete a period of initiation, a library, and other structures. No important domain in the civilization of Islam remained unaffected by Sufism in this period.

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and others. Spiritual experiences were desired by Sufis through Sama, listening to poetry or Islamic mystical verses with the use of different musical instruments, aiming to attain ecstasy in divine love of Allah and his

3059:. However, this belief puts Sufism in "direct conflict" with Shia Islam, since both the Qutb (who for most Sufi orders is the head of the order) and the Imam fulfill the role of "the purveyor of spiritual guidance and of 10928:

Radtke, B.; Lory, P.; Zarcone, Th.; DeWeese, D.; Gaborieau, M.; Denny, F.M.; Aubin, Françoise; Hunwick, J.O.; Mchugh, N. (2012). "Walī". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

8309:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.12: "Mystics on the other hand-and Sufism is a kind of mysticism-are by definition concerned above all with 'the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven'". 6575: 5674: 12362:

Sheikh Shihabuddin Abu Hafs Suhrawardi was a great scholar who wrote the Awarif al-Ma'arif (The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions), which became one of the most popular Sufi books for seekers to read, memorize, and study

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that described ethical and spiritual goals and functioned as teaching tools for their attainment. Many other terms that described particular spiritual qualities and roles were used instead in more practical contexts.

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See Sefer Hammaspiq, "Happerishuth", Chapter 11 ("Ha-mmaʿaḇāq") s.v. hithbonen efo be-masoreth mufla'a zo, citing the Talmudic explanation of Jeremiah 13:27 in Chagigah 5b; in Rabbi Yaakov Wincelberg's translation,

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Massington, L.; Radtke, B.; Chittick, W.C.; Jong, F. de; Lewisohn, L.; Zarcone, Th.; Ernst, C.; Aubin, Françoise (2012). "Taṣawwuf". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

6182:(the Oneness of Being). He himself considered his writings to have been divinely inspired. As he expressed the Way to one of his close disciples, his legacy is that 'you should never ever abandon your servant-hood ( 2659:

Between the 13th and 16th centuries, Sufism produced a flourishing intellectual culture throughout the Islamic world, a "Renaissance" whose physical artifacts survive. In many places a person or group would endow a

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Naqshband died in 1389, leaving behind a rich legacy of spiritual teachings and practices. His influence continues to be felt today, as the Naqshbandi order remains a vibrant and active force in the Islamic world.

4392:

Sufism has contributed significantly to the elaboration of theoretical perspectives in many domains of intellectual endeavor. For instance, the doctrine of "subtle centers" or centers of subtle cognition (known as

3082:. Although approaches to teaching vary among different Sufi orders, Sufism as a whole is primarily concerned with direct personal experience, and as such has sometimes been compared to other, non-Islamic forms of 5301: 3875: 12392:. He wrote 'Awarif al-ma'arif (which can be translated variously as The Benefits of the Spiritually Learned or The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions), one of the most popular Sufi textbooks for later generations. 2276:, a "dancing" monument, built over the grave of the Sufi ascetic Amu Abdullah Suqla in 12th century. A person stands on top and shakes one minaret, causing the second minaret to move with the same oscillation. 6522: 1854:

notes that during the lifetime of Muhammad, some companions were more inclined than others to "intensive devotion, pious abstemiousness and pondering the divine mysteries" more than Islam required, such as

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O God! If I worship You for fear of Hell, burn me in Hell, and if I worship You in hope of Paradise, exclude me from Paradise. But if I worship You for Your Own sake, grudge me not Your everlasting Beauty.

2676:) to provide a gathering place for Sufi adepts, as well as lodging for itinerant seekers of knowledge. The same system of endowments could also pay for a complex of buildings, such as that surrounding the 7110:

and which bear the same titles: e.g., "Bab al-Tawakkul"; "Bab al-Taubah"; "Bab al-Muḥasabah"; "Bab al-Tawaḍu'"; "Bab al-Zuhd". In the ninth gate, Baḥya directly quotes sayings of the Sufis, whom he calls

4341:

Traditional Islamic scholars have recognized two major branches within the practice of Sufism and use this as one key to differentiating among the approaches of different masters and devotional lineages.

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Opposed to the dry casuistry of the lawyer-divines, the mystics nevertheless scrupulously observed the commands of the divine law. the mystics belonged to all schools of Islamic law and theology of the

6358: 6260: 4585:, and are explained here according to their use among particular Sufi groups. These six subtleties are believed to be part of the self in a similar way to the way glands and organs are part of the body. 3093:

Many Sufi believe that to reach the highest levels of success in Sufism typically requires that the disciple live with and serve the teacher for a long period of time. An example is the folk story about

6255: 2018:

channel to divine authority through master-disciple chains. It was through such chains of masters and disciples that spiritual power and blessings were transmitted to both general and special devotees.

1807:. The Hand of God is over their hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only to his own harm, and whosoever fulfils what he has covenanted with God, He will bestow on him a great reward. — 1823:

who have directly pledged allegiance to Muhammad, and Sufis maintain that through Ali, knowledge about Muhammad and a connection with Muhammad may be attained. Such a concept may be understood by the

2519:

are continuously disregarded by scholars as conveying the fallacious image that "Sufism" is somehow distinct from "Islam". Nile Green has observed that, in the Middle Ages, Sufism more or less was

6166:" (Arabic: الأكبرية), which remains active to this day. The order, based in Cairo, Egypt, continues to spread his teachings and principles through its own Sheikh. Ibn Arabi's writings, especially 12293:

Many of 'Abd al-Qādir's writings, sermons and prayers have been preserved; his most celebrated book, al-Ghunya li-tālibī tarīq al-haqq, was for many generations a favourite manual of instruction.

10701:

However, later on this Simaa' was modernized to include dancing and music, thus giving rise to the concept of "whirling dervishes". This is a Bid'ah and is not the creation of orthodox Sufism.

2903:, where it is seen as a mystical expression of Islam. Sufism is traditional in Morocco, but has seen a growing revival with the renewal of Sufism under contemporary spiritual teachers such as 10868: 1960:, from the second generation of Sufis in Baghdad, was also an influential early figure, as was Junayd of Baghdad; a number of early practitioners of Sufism were disciples of one of the two. 8100:

Huss, Boaz. "“A Remarkable Resemblance:” Comparative Mysticism and the Study of Sufism and Kabbalah." Esoteric Transfers and Constructions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (2021): 249–272.

6570: 3015:". The inner law of Sufism consists of rules about repentance from sin, the purging of contemptible qualities and evil traits of character, and adornment with virtues and good character. 1600:

has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. Classical Sufi texts, which stressed certain teachings and practices of the

12835: 6353: 12947: 1901:, for example it was reported Bastami refused to eat a watermelon because he did not find any proof that Muhammad ever ate it. According to the late medieval mystic, the Persian poet 10569: 5997: 6853:. For example, the Chinese and Russian governments openly favor Sufism as the best means of protecting against Islamist subversion. The British government, especially following the 6460: 3617:

are prescribed for all Muslims and do not require Sufi initiation or the prescription of a Sufi master because they are deemed to be good for every seeker under every circumstance.

5876: 5531: 4918:, and settled down there. In Ajmer, he attracted a substantial following, acquiring a great deal of respect amongst the residents of the city. Moinuddin Chishtī practiced the Sufi 4460:

order. Frager was a trained psychologist, born in the United States, who converted to Islam in the course of his practice of Sufism and wrote extensively on Sufism and psychology.

4054:, the saint is portrayed as someone "marked by divine favor ... holiness", and who is specifically "chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work 7448: 4046:) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include "custodian", "protector", "helper", and "friend". In the vernacular, it is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic 4794:, with Persian roots. Qadiriyya was his patronym. Gilani spent his early life in Na'if, a town just East of Baghdad, also the town of his birth. There, he pursued the study of 5369: 5296: 2371:, Hammad, Abu al-Bayan and others of the later masters— that they do not permit the followers of the Sufi path to depart from the divinely legislated command and prohibition. 1886:

its development. Other practitioners have held that Sufism is the strict emulation of the way of Muhammad, through which the heart's connection to the Divine is strengthened.

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Studies in West African Islamic History: Volume 1: The Cultivators of Islam, Volume 2: The Evolution of Islamic Institutions & Volume 3: The Growth of Arabic Literature

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Dagli, C., Ayduz, S. (2014). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam. Vereinigtes Königreich: Oxford University Press. p. 267

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Rabi'a al-Adawiyya is known for her teachings and emphasis on the centrality of the love of God to a holy life. She is said to have proclaimed, running down the streets of

1620:

Some modern scholars have used other definitions of Sufism such as "intensification of Islamic faith and practice" and "process of realizing ethical and spiritual ideals".

6517: 5871: 5219: 3179:('Poem of the Mantle'), in which he extensively praised Muhammad. This poem is still widely recited and sung amongst Sufi groups and lay Muslims alike all over the world. 12375: 6341:(d. 505/1111). It is widely regarded as one of the most complete compendiums of Muslim thought and practice ever written, and is among the most influential books in the 5487: 9647:. Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina "Tekke in Blagaj on the Buna Spring, the natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj". 9 May 2005 2106:. However, it was not necessary to formally belong to a tariqa. In the Medieval period, Sufism was almost equal to Islam in general and not limited to specific orders. 6372: 5817: 5526: 5364: 6176:(Divine Unity), though because of their recondite nature they were often only given to initiates. Later those who followed his teaching became known as the school of 5861: 5822: 5224: 3131:

Devotion to Muhammad is the strongest practice within Sufism. Sufis have historically revered Muhammad as the prime personality of spiritual greatness. The Sufi poet

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To Sufis, the outer law consists of rules pertaining to worship, transactions, marriage, judicial rulings, and criminal law—what is often referred to, broadly, as "

21393: 13176: 7370: • "Sufism is that at each moment the servant should be in accord with what is most appropriate (awla) at that moment." ('Amr ibn 'Uthman al-Makki) 5175: 5143: 5130: 2942:. In the twentieth century, some Muslims have called Sufism a superstitious religion which holds back Islamic achievement in the fields of science and technology. 7955: 2573:

from the early medieval period onwards, when it began to permeate nearly all major aspects of Sunni Islamic life in regions stretching from India and Iraq to the

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to the tombs of saints, renowned scholars, and righteous people. This is a particularly common practice in South Asia, where famous tombs include such saints as

4426:

tradition and a respected scholar and link in chains of Sufi transmission in all Islamic sects) held that human beings are dominated by a lower self called the

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and worship. In his pursuits, he earned the nickname "Father of the Pilgrim". His birthday is celebrated today annually in Luxor, with people convening at the

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On the other hand, there is the order from the Signifier to his signs, from the Artisan to his works. In this branch the seeker experiences divine attraction (

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which have continued until the present day. All these orders were founded by a major Islamic scholar, and some of the largest and most widespread included the

15445: 6387:(d. 632/1234), was one of the more popular Sufi books of his time, and posthumously it became the standard preparatory text book for Sufi novices around the 10555: 26744: 7598:

Massington, L.; Radtke, B.; Chittick, W. C.; Jong, F. de.; Lewisohn, L.; Zarcone, Th.; Ernst, C.; Aubin, Françoise; Hunwick, J. O. (2012) . "Taṣawwuf". In

4665:(died 801) was a mystic who represents countercultural elements of Sufism, especially with regards to the status and power of women. Prominent Sufi leader 2875:

Turkey, Persia and The Indian Subcontinent have all been a center for many Sufi lineages and orders. The Bektashi were closely affiliated with the Ottoman

2652: 2570: 21260: 13022: 9786: 6679:, such as the destruction of Sufi shrines, tombs, and mosques, suppression of Sufi orders, and discrimination against adherents of Sufism in a number of 6278: 4811:

of Iraq. In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public. He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher,

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and discussed Sufism as a method of bypassing the rules of Islam in order to attain salvation directly. This was disapproved of by traditional scholars.

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In the modern world, the classical interpretation of Sunni orthodoxy, which sees in Sufism an essential dimension of Islam alongside the disciplines of

2351:, al-Ansari al-Harawi and Abdul-Qadir, and the latter's own shaykh, Hammad al-Dabbas the upright. He cites the early shaykhs (shuyukh al-salaf) such as 1477:. The ultimate aim of Sufis is to seek the pleasure of God by endeavoring to return to their original state of purity and natural disposition, known as 23086: 16528: 15733: 12887: 8109:@inproceedings{Peacock2019IslamLA, title={Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia}, author={Andrew A.C.S. Peacock}, year={2019}, url={ 5669: 5456: 5170: 3699:(invocation of Allah within the heartbeats). The basic idea in this practice is to visualize the Allah as having been written on the disciple's heart. 3330:, specifically recognized the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. This was adopted by the Islamic world's political and temporal leaderships at the 15389: 13297: 12997: 6400: 5148: 3277:

It is related, moreover, that Malik, one of the founders of the four schools of Sunni law, was a strong proponent of combining the "inward science" ('

23177: 15949: 15932: 15905: 15721: 15709: 15682: 15618: 15565: 15384: 13327: 8711: 7368: • "Sufism consists of entering every exalted quality (khulq) and leaving behind every despicable quality." (Abu Muhammad al-Jariri) 6548: 7048:

There is evidence that Sufism influenced the development of some schools of Jewish philosophy and ethics. In the first writing of this kind, we see

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states that the preceding theories are false according to the point of view of Sufism. The contemporary amateur historian David Livingstone writes:

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which itself opens out on to the Divinity." Academic studies of Sufism confirm that Sufism, as a separate tradition from Islam apart from so-called

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One of the great teaching masters, who developed his uncle's methods, Abu Hafs was responsible for establishing the order that took his name, the

2907:. Mbacke suggests that one reason Sufism has taken hold in Senegal is because it can accommodate local beliefs and customs, which tend toward the 2121:

is used for a school or order of Sufism, or especially for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking

1540:, the practice of remembrance of God. Sufis also played an important role in spreading Islam through their missionary and educational activities. 25468: 15858: 15834: 15772: 15670: 15537: 5266: 4494:

means emptying and purification of the aspirant, both internally and externally, from bad morals, reprehensible behavior, and destructive deeds.

2651:. The natural and architectural ensemble, proposed for UNESCO inscription, forms a spatially and topographically self-contained ensemble, and is 2415:

In the eleventh-century, Sufism, which had previously been a less "codified" trend in Islamic piety, began to be "ordered and crystallized" into

14325: 3063:'s grace to mankind". The vow of obedience to the Shaykh or Qutb which is taken by Sufis is considered incompatible with devotion to the Imam". 26525: 15964: 15527: 11182:

For a systematic description of the diseases of the heart that are to be overcome in order for this perspective to take root, see Hamza Yusuf,

11083: 10958:. Historical Dictionaries of Africa (4 ed.). Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, an imprint of Rowman & Littlefield. p. 361. 9268:(Dissertation (Master of Science in Religion)) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC/SP. Archived from 7894: 7729: 6484: 6465: 5461: 2569:

Historically, Sufism became "an incredibly important part of Islam" and "one of the most widespread and omnipresent aspects of Muslim life" in

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painted by Abbas Al-Musavi, which was a violent episode in the disagreement between the Sunni and Shia branches of Islam; during this battle,

4116:

In popular Sufism (i.e. devotional practices that have achieved currency in world cultures through Sufi influence), one common practice is to

18145: 15374: 9382: 26477: 23825: 15201: 13537:

The Conceptualization of Guardianship in Iranian Intellectual History (1800–1989): Reading Ibn ʿArabī's Theory of Wilāya in the Shīʿa World

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attested in many faith communities. While variation exists, one description of the practice within a Naqshbandi lineage reads as follows:

3136:

through the guidance of Muhammad. Rumi states, "I 'sewed' my two eyes shut from this world and the next – this I learned from Muhammad."

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We should also bear in mind that Sufis emphasize inner development, the inner esoteric meanings of the sacred texts, and the imagination.

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the life of Muhammad (such as the "sunnah prayers"). This is in accordance with the words, attributed to God, of the following, a famous

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In the symbolism of the Sema ritual, the semazen's camel's hair hat (sikke) represents the tombstone of the ego; his wide, white skirt (

3002:

in this life. The chief aim of all Sufis is to seek the pleasure of God by working to restore within themselves the primordial state of

25513: 25440: 22611: 21712: 16596: 15944: 12020: 8859: 7121:

did not go so far as to approve of the asceticism of the Sufis, although he showed a marked predilection for their ethical principles.

3943: 1827:, which Sufis regard to be authentic, in which Muhammad said, "I am the city of knowledge, and Ali is its gate." Eminent Sufis such as 9685: 7999: 25313: 21690: 21364: 21280: 16131: 15937: 15745: 15738: 15726: 15611: 15599: 15285: 10977:

QUBBA. The Arabic name for the tomb of a holy man... A qubba is usually erected over the grave of a holy man identified variously as

2847: 25764: 8430: 6875:

as saying that "this (Sufism) was a form of wisdom known to and practiced by a succession of sages including the mysterious ancient

3070:

Some teachers, especially when addressing more general audiences, or mixed groups of Muslims and non-Muslims, make extensive use of

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or more compassionate, than the subject of this tale. He is the leader of created beings, the one "whose name is glorious Ahmad". —

1906: 1525: 10451:

Al-Ghazali on Disciplining the Soul and on Breaking the Two Desires: Books XXII and XXIII of the Revival of the Religious Sciences

21344: 21265: 18657: 16718: 16073: 13664: 13637: 12921: 8366:, p. 30. "According to Idries Shah, Sufism is as old as Adam and is the essence of all religions, monotheistic or not." See 3371: 2503:. Thus, it is precisely because it is historically proven that "many of the most eminent defenders of Islamic orthodoxy, such as 1725: 1059: 13603: 12868: 10375:"Hadith 25, 40 Hadith Qudsi - Forty Hadith Qudsi - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)" 7414: 7307:

Many painters and visual artists have explored the Sufi motif through various disciplines. One of the outstanding pieces in the

4442:), the person of faith and moderation (dominated by the spiritual heart), and the person lost in love for God (dominated by the 21285: 20175: 18089: 16483: 12450: 23403: 15433: 15290: 1628:

of Islam. It was often mistaken as a universal mysticism in contrast to legalistic orthodox Islam. In recent times, Historian

25624: 21295: 21252: 17829: 17238: 16728: 16710: 16563: 16513: 14860: 14413: 14357: 14314: 14253: 14232: 14208: 14187: 14166: 14126: 14107: 14083: 14026: 13708: 13674: 13647: 13613: 13579: 13545: 13511: 13452: 13416: 13139: 13034: 12383: 11799:

Bhattacharya, Ananda (2008). "Madariya Sufi Silsila Their Distinctive Characteristics and Relations with the Indian Powers".

11764: 11671: 11646: 11274: 11191: 11171: 10963: 10595: 10573: 10504: 10458: 10437: 10412: 10400: 10205: 10033: 9966: 9942: 9915: 9875: 9851: 9827: 9609: 9588: 9541: 9529: 9334: 9311: 9234: 9153: 9063: 8953: 8826: 8477: 8264: 8195: 7870: 7770: 7691: 7637: 7520: 7197: 6309: 6302: 4203:(which is usually televised on Moroccan National television). This action has voiced particular condemnation by the Salafis. 3405:

Persians played a huge role in developing and systematising Islamic mysticism. One of the first to formalise the science was

946: 11731:

Sonn, Tamara (1996-10-10). Interpreting Islam: Bandali Jawzi's Islamic Intellectual History. Oxford University Press. pp. 30

9719:. Volume 4: Islamic Cultures and Societies to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–61. 4058:." The doctrine of saints was articulated by Islamic scholars very early on in Muslim history, and particular verses of the 26089: 23081: 19200: 17839: 14524: 13841: 6384: 6271: 5448: 4553:): This is what is received in awe through abundance. It was said: Inspiration is the knowledge that falls into the heart. 6283: 6032: 5492: 26207: 25488: 25084: 17183: 13172: 11740:

Griffel, Frank (2016). "Al-Ghazali". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 ed.)

6293:(d. 386/996), an encyclopedic manual of Sufism (Islamic mystical teachings), which would have a significant influence on 6146: 5931: 5119: 3331: 1668:

calls other etymological hypotheses "untenable". Woolen clothes were traditionally associated with ascetics and mystics.

18500: 13842:"Islamic verses / The influence of Muslim literature in the United States has grown stronger since the Sept. 11 attacks" 13569: 13535: 13095: 11061: 10953: 10516: 10275: 6046: 4825:, and in the afternoon he held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Quran. He is the founder of 4581:: The Six Latifs in Sufism are psychological or spiritual “organs” and, sometimes, perceptual and extrasensory tools in 3957:

Nowadays, the songs last for about 15 to 30 minutes, are performed by a group of singers, and instruments including the

3195:). Ibn Arabi regards Muhammad as the supreme human being and master of all creatures. Muhammad is therefore the primary 26417: 26147: 26029: 25483: 24063: 21975: 15851: 15777: 15687: 14383: 13896: 13501: 12404: 10608: 10182: 8781: 8687: 8515: 7963: 6954:

is alleged to have imported certain concepts from Hindusim into his version of Sufism under the conceptual umbrella of

6407: 2281:... religious duties" and finding a "way and a means of striking a root through the 'narrow gate' in the depth of the 2109:

Sufism had a long history already before the subsequent institutionalization of Sufi teachings into devotional orders (

14263:

Rahimi, Sadeq (September 2007). "Intimate Exteriority: Sufi Space as Sanctuary for Injured Subjectivities in Turkey".

13747:(Feldheim), p. 429 and above, p. 427. Also see ibid., Chapter 10 ("Iqquḇim"), s.v. wa-halo yoḏeʾaʿ atta; in 13073: 11722:

Al Beirawi, Abu Ismael (12 April 2016). Essays on Ijtihad in the 21st Century. CreateSpace. p. 35. ISBN 9781539995036.

10655: 9644: 2352: 26467: 25288: 22496: 21147: 21101: 20761: 20755: 14145: 13105: 13067: 12725: 12691: 12631: 12592: 12558: 12524: 12479: 12426: 12355: 12320: 12286: 12252: 12218: 12180: 12142: 12108: 12073: 12038: 12004: 11837: 11621: 11594: 11567: 11373: 11298: 11216: 10852: 10001: 9738: 9326:

Deliverance from Error: An Annotated Translation of Al-Munqidh Min Al Dal−al and Other Relevant Works of Al-Ghaz−al−i

9290: 9198: 8757: 8624: 8558: 8406: 8338: 8154: 8086: 7835: 7442: 7029: 6201:("I am the Truth"), his ecstatic Sufism and state-trial. His refusal to recant this utterance, which was regarded as 1717:, meaning: self-purification), which is also widely used in Sufism. These two explanations were combined by the Sufi 1124: 19560: 13855: 13233: 11007:

Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra. Eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam

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In most other Muslim-majority countries, attacks on Sufis and especially their shrines have come from adherents of

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describes the Sufis as those who belong to the path of the Sunna and represent it in their teachings and writings.

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William Montgomery Watt, Al-Ghazali: The Muslim Intellectual, p. 180. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963.

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means adorning the aspirant, both internally and externally, with virtuous morals, good behavior, and good deeds.

26482: 26377: 25503: 25498: 25454: 25079: 23923: 23145: 22130: 21512: 21318: 19866: 19814: 19428: 18476: 18140: 17028: 16908: 13476: 10981:(saint), faki, or shaykh since, according to folk Islam, this is where his baraka is believed to be strongest... 7146:). From the extant surviving portion it is conjectured that the treatise was three times as long as his father's 6377: 6317:(d. 430/1038), which is a voluminous collection of biographies of Sufis and other early Muslim religious leaders. 1316: 15925: 15863: 15839: 15675: 15653: 15582: 15570: 11639:

Global Flows, Local Appropriations: Facets of Secularisation and Re-Islamization Among Contemporary Cape Muslims

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has been the museum's associate curator of Islamic art, is a large 19th- or early-20th-century portrayal of the

7176:), practiced spiritual retreats, solitude, fasting and sleep deprivation. The Jewish Sufis maintained their own 6687:

banned all Sufi orders and abolished their institutions in 1925, after Sufis opposed the new secular order. The

1929:, were not known as Sufis during their lifetimes, but later came to be identified as such due to their focus on 1596:), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. The Arabic term 1566:. It has also influenced various forms of spirituality in the West and generated significant academic interest. 26337: 26162: 25435: 24449: 24390: 24277: 24156: 24088: 22474: 22112: 22031: 21577: 21125: 21023: 20108: 17856: 17834: 17148: 17113: 16589: 16254: 14450: 11124:

Gardet, L. (2012). "Karāma". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

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For an introduction to the normative creed of Islam as espoused by the consensus of scholars, see Hamza Yusuf,

9733:, pg. 57. Part of the New Horizons in Islamic Studies series. Ed. Masatoshi Kisaichi. London: Routledge, 2006. 9027: 9006: 6996: 6648: 4414:

has influenced many areas of thinking both within and outside of Islam, drawing primarily upon three concepts.

3825:, and spinning one's body in repetitive circles, which has been seen as a symbolic imitation of planets in the 3679: 3475: 3023: 1261: 24569: 24444: 9794: 7366: • "Sufism is that you should not possess anything nor should anything possess you." (Samnun) 6274:(d. 632/1234) is reported to have said: "if it were not for the Ta'arruf, we would know nothing about Sufism". 2129:(guide) who plays the role of leader or spiritual director. The members or followers of a tariqa are known as 26487: 25902: 25639: 25298: 25147: 25069: 24491: 23533: 23044: 21683: 20935: 20694: 20371: 17983: 17866: 17123: 16943: 14646: 12659: 10807: 6871:

states that Sufism is universal in nature, its roots predating the rise of Islam and Christianity. He quotes

5840: 5605: 4858:) "Order of Patience" (Tariqus-Sabr), Shadhiliyya is formulated to be "Order of Gratitude" (Tariqush-Shukr). 3095: 3051:" (Pole or Axis of the Universe)—a man who is the perfect channel of grace from God to man and in a state of 2904: 2857:

The relationship of Sufi orders to modern societies is usually defined by their relationship to governments.

2464: 995: 13286: 9304:

Classical Spirituality in Contemporary America: The Confluence and Contribution of G.I. Gurdjieff and Sufism

5479: 4384:, proposes a complete devotional spirituality adequate to those without access to a master of the Sufi way. 3589:

through a specific devotional act, such as the repetition of divine names, supplications and aphorisms from

26545: 26347: 23555: 22263: 21497: 21474: 21084: 20940: 20930: 20836: 20489: 20129: 19169: 18650: 18322: 18168: 18118: 17559: 17003: 14405:

Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity: A Comparative Study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart

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of Muhammad that he refused to eat a watermelon because he could not establish that Muhammad ever ate one.

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is regarded as an important element in different Sufi orders. In South Asia, it is affiliated mostly with

5051:, he journeyed to India to spread the Islamic faith, where he founded the Madariyya order. His tomb is at 26749: 26555: 26267: 26262: 26034: 24552: 24513: 24068: 23982: 23550: 23214: 21880: 21599: 21464: 21270: 21038: 20831: 20208: 19797: 18687: 18551: 17899: 17213: 16723: 16700: 16695: 16605: 15187: 15007: 14618: 8590:"Taking Initiation (Bay'ah) | The Naqshbandiyya Nazimiyya Sufi Order of America: Sufism and Spirituality" 6854: 6660: 5661: 5653: 5103: 4812: 4799: 4741:(1255–1296) is an Egyptian Sunni Sufi imam, and the last of the four poles of supervision of Sufism with 4378:. This approach entails strict adherence to the way of Muhammad, in the understanding that this wont, or 4050:, otherwise referred to by the more literal "friend of God". In the traditional Islamic understanding of 3453: 2725:

Around the turn of the 20th century, Sufi rituals and doctrines also came under sustained criticism from

1513: 1074: 901: 17: 24584: 24574: 17261: 6892: 6627: 6414:

and proverbs (some counted it 264) containing precise contemplative reflections on man's relations with

3148:

claimed that he praised Muhammad in such a manner that was not done before by any poet, in his book the

3055:(sanctity, being under the protection of Allah). The concept of the Sufi Qutb is similar to that of the 2262: 26692: 25328: 25273: 24969: 23709: 23204: 21875: 21817: 21349: 21232: 20749: 20168: 19206: 18801: 18787: 18526: 18271: 18045: 17527: 17158: 17118: 16853: 16770: 16624: 16476: 14375: 13323: 12516: 11996: 11458: 8170:

Milani, Milad (2012). "The Cultural Products of Global Sufism". In Cusack, Carol; Norman, Alex (eds.).

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or the bench"), who were a group of impoverished companions of Muhammad who held regular gatherings of

1114: 23297: 9907: 7360: • "Sufism consists of abandoning oneself to God in accordance with what God wills." ( 6585:(d. 1137/1725). He started this voluminous Qur'anic commentary and completed it in twenty-three years. 4526:, generally understood to be the product of a Sufi's spiritual practices while on his way toward God. 26580: 26369: 26227: 25679: 24562: 24341: 23972: 23602: 23125: 22257: 22009: 21846: 21801: 21442: 21429: 21130: 20959: 20655: 20377: 20340: 20119: 18753: 18471: 18122: 17884: 17108: 17013: 16988: 16838: 16582: 16553: 14496: 14335: 13568:

Madzillah-ul-Aqdus, Sultan ul Ashiqeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman (11 March 2015).

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Sufism in an Age of Transition: ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī and the Rise of the Islamic Mystical Brotherhoods

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regards that the first entity that was brought into existence is the reality or essence of Muhammad (

2309:

is regarded as a science of the soul that has always been an integral part of Orthodox Islam. In his

1909:(died c. 716) was the first person to be called a "Sufi". The term also had a strong connection with 1795: 1209: 921: 24680: 20031: 13199: 11713:

Janin, Hunt (2005). The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World. McFarland. p. 83. ISBN 0786419547.

11470: 11320: 4399:) addresses the matter of the awakening of spiritual intuition. In general, these subtle centers or 2392: 2142:

Over the years, Sufi orders have influenced and been adopted by various Shi'i movements, especially

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Mystic regimes : Sufism and the state in Iran, from the late Qajar era to the Islamic Republic

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Man holding the hem of his beloved, an expression of a Sufi's agony of longing for the divine union

2990:

While all Muslims believe that they are on the pathway to Allah and hope to become close to God in

2975: 2705: 1141: 941: 23034: 13947:

Ghani, Kashshaf (2023-11-29). Sufi Rituals and Practices: Experiences from South Asia, 1200-1450.

10472: 9969:, for a detailed description of the practices and preconditions of this sort of spiritual retreat. 8589: 8531: 5135: 4722:

was a recognized and influential Sufi personality from Shattari order. Bastami was born in 804 in

4438:(soul). These interact in various ways, producing the spiritual types of the tyrant (dominated by 1799:. By pledging allegiance to Muhammad, the Sahabah had committed themselves to the service of God. 26535: 26472: 26422: 26382: 26327: 25962: 25957: 25847: 25794: 25684: 25614: 25410: 25216: 25131: 24336: 24314: 24113: 23935: 23460: 23076: 23003: 22687: 22058: 21858: 21767: 21452: 20263: 20022: 19986: 18011: 17969: 17824: 17439: 17228: 17133: 16963: 16918: 16784: 15013: 14674: 14510: 13948: 12550: 12134: 11963: 11868: 9697: 9489: 9394: 8640: 7756: 7538:"Legal Knowledge by Application: Sufism as Islamic Legal Hermeneutics in the 10th/12th Centuries" 7426: 7188: 7148: 7007: 6781: 6039: 5947: 5886: 4899: 4837: 4325:), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes. 4192: 4121: 3469: 3352: 3099: 2763:

recently defining "Sunni orthodoxy" as being a follower "of any of the four schools of thought (

2460: 2456: 2424: 2071:: "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if you can't see Him, surely He sees you." Sufis 736: 33: 20417: 12350:(Registered name: Hachette Book Publishing India Pvt. Ltd) An Hachette UK company. p. 122. 9285:

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were interpreted by early Muslim thinkers as "documentary evidence" of the existence of saints.

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and Fusus al-Hikam, have been studied within all the Sufi orders as the clearest expression of

6167: 6020: 5739: 5708: 5549: 3931: 3056: 2915: 2888: 2757: 2648: 2298: 2078: 1665: 1548: 1516:. Although the overwhelming majority of Sufis, both pre-modern and modern, remain adherents of 1362: 1342: 1190: 956: 103: 12337: 12306: 9932: 8816: 8614: 7131:, believed that Sufi practices and doctrines continue the tradition of the biblical prophets. 6691:

has harassed Shia Sufis, reportedly for their lack of support for the government doctrine of "

3609:, or "to seek a state of godwariness". The Quran refers to Muhammad as the very embodiment of 3098:, who gave his name to the Naqshbandi Order. He is believed to have served his first teacher, 2899:. Sufism is popular in such African countries as Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Sudan, Morocco, and 2328:, covering only five of the seventy-eight sermons of the book, but showing that he considered 1803:

Verily, those who give Bay'âh (pledge) to you (O Muhammad) they are giving Bay'âh (pledge) to

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Rumi and Islam: Selections from His Stories, Poems, and Discourses, Annotated & Explained

13992: 13961: 13442: 13029:, Cambridge Companions to Religion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 233–256, 12717: 12498: 12469: 12272: 12100: 12030: 11986: 11754: 11406: 10238: 9602:

Sufi Heirs of the Prophet: The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh

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The persecution of Sufism and Sufi Muslims over the course of centuries has included acts of

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Ernst, Carl W. (2010). "Muḥammad as the Pole of Existence". In Brockopp, Jonathan E. (ed.).

9900: 9486:"Is orthodox Islam possible without Sufism? – Shaykh Abdal Hakim Murad (Dr. Timothy Winter)" 7730:"Back to Basics | Tazkiyah: An Introduction to Spiritually Blossoming This Islamic New Year" 7434: 3457: 2998:—Sufis also believe that it is possible to draw closer to God and to more fully embrace the 2677: 2343:, and to argue this point he lists over a dozen early masters, as well as more contemporary 26739: 26633: 26623: 26608: 26515: 26442: 26412: 26387: 26352: 26312: 26307: 26282: 26152: 26074: 26024: 26004: 25994: 25882: 25829: 25804: 25654: 25649: 25629: 25594: 25579: 25523: 25293: 25226: 25194: 25074: 25009: 24875: 24753: 24606: 24486: 24385: 24297: 24265: 24260: 24108: 23840: 23209: 23093: 22677: 22437: 22048: 21992: 21943: 21928: 21781: 21212: 21119: 21064: 19373: 18780: 18638: 18563: 18408: 18223: 18071: 17976: 17955: 17814: 17769: 17754: 17303: 17153: 17143: 17128: 16948: 16913: 16903: 16898: 16873: 16364: 16193: 15638: 15411: 15149: 15025: 14845: 12347: 11881: 11184:

Purification of the Heart: Signs, Symptoms and Cures of the Spiritual Diseases of the Heart

9701: 9625:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Tentative List of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 11 December 2007 9002: 8367: 8007: 7823: 7213: 6944: 6644: 6612: 6582: 5939: 5597: 5518: 5440: 5093: 4137: 4005: 2823: 2733:

well-suited for contexts characterized by religious pluralism and secularist perspectives.

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A Sufi-Jewish Dialogue: Philosophy and Mysticism in Bahya ibn Paquda's Duties of the Heart

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The name of Allah as written on the disciple's heart, according to the Sarwari Qadri Order

8: 26638: 26613: 26593: 26570: 26497: 26447: 26427: 26342: 26332: 26287: 26247: 26202: 26197: 26187: 26177: 26172: 26167: 26157: 26142: 26137: 26132: 26127: 26122: 26099: 26009: 25984: 25862: 25852: 25814: 25784: 25769: 25754: 25744: 25734: 25699: 25694: 25644: 25589: 25564: 25508: 25365: 25348: 25236: 25231: 25221: 25089: 24890: 24803: 24748: 24724: 24611: 24496: 24454: 24249: 24098: 23726: 23518: 23393: 23172: 22959: 22844: 22772: 22662: 22583: 22410: 22063: 21887: 21733: 21447: 21323: 21217: 21033: 20472: 20269: 20040: 19807: 19607: 19378: 19109: 18986: 18625: 17925: 17851: 17193: 16843: 16657: 16095: 15095: 14960: 14467: 13605:

Risala Roohi Sharif (The Divine Soul): English Translation and Exegesis with Persian Text

12574: 12044: 10685: 10633: 9118: 8665: 8434: 8320: 8236: 7054: 6876: 6802: 6594: 6213: 5832: 5767: 5755: 5565: 5234: 5203: 4956: 4631: 3917: 3496: 3208: 3124: 3087: 3047:("the Perfect Man"). This doctrine states that there will always exist upon the earth a " 2749: 2286: 1973: 1913:, with three of the earliest scholars to be called by the term being Abu Hashim al-Kufi, 1856: 1788: 1741: 1501: 1309: 1195: 829: 729: 536: 8333:. The perennial philosophy series. Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom, Inc. p. 74. 6368:(d. 561/1166). Translated from Arabic into English for the first time by Muhtar Holland. 4337:

The works of Al-Ghazali firmly defended the concepts of Sufism within the Islamic faith.

3713: 1721:(d. 322 AH), who said, "The Sufi is the one who wears wool on top of purity." 26618: 26598: 26565: 26462: 26452: 26397: 26392: 26322: 26302: 26292: 26277: 26272: 26252: 26222: 26217: 26192: 26182: 26114: 26079: 26064: 25969: 25942: 25932: 25892: 25877: 25872: 25824: 25819: 25759: 25714: 25674: 25569: 25556: 25358: 25338: 25263: 25136: 24959: 24633: 24591: 24432: 24400: 24375: 24302: 24282: 24103: 24051: 24039: 24017: 23609: 23567: 23440: 23265: 23260: 23255: 23054: 22838: 22814: 22193: 22117: 21865: 21811: 21614: 21528: 21459: 21369: 21305: 21113: 21089: 20766: 20744: 20704: 20546: 20449: 20400: 20366: 20257: 19971: 18854: 18810: 18555: 18368: 18255: 18029: 17990: 17904: 17739: 17702: 17664: 17586: 17461: 17233: 17018: 16893: 16868: 16690: 16677: 16548: 16518: 15119: 15060: 15054: 14538: 14482: 14443: 14300: 14288: 14280: 14093: 13997: 13366: 12952: 12917: 12840: 12619: 12540: 12234: 11862: 11808: 11308: 9517: 9204: 8981: 8924: 7888: 7709: 7683:

The garden of truth : the vision and promise of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition

7607: 7565: 7491: 7349: 7124: 6936: 6850: 6777: 6706: 6684: 6290: 6132: 6082: 5684: 4783: 4742: 4415: 4153: 3818: 3765: 3651: 2504: 2480: 2440: 2432: 2368: 2321: 2246: 1949: 1945: 1219: 1176: 1146: 1129: 1104: 1049: 1005: 717: 438: 80: 23721: 23270: 22866: 22596: 20612: 19947: 9645:"Tekke in Blagaj on the Buna Spring, the natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj" 8110: 7512:

Secret Practices of the Sufi Freemasons: The Islamic Teachings at the Heart of Alchemy

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or hospices. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (

3934:

melodic styles to create the genre in the 13th century. The songs are classified into

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Munn, Richard C. (January–March 1969). "Reviewed work(s): The Sufis by Idries Shah".

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See in particular the introduction by T. J. Winter to Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali,

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Ghazzālī; Ghazzali; al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad; McCarthy, Richard Joseph (1999).

9307: 9286: 9230: 9208: 9194: 9149: 9104: 9059: 9023: 8949: 8928: 8916: 8888: 8822: 8777: 8753: 8683: 8620: 8554: 8511: 8402: 8334: 8260: 8201: 8191: 8150: 8146: 8082: 7931: 7876: 7866: 7841: 7831: 7766: 7697: 7687: 7633: 7629: 7557: 7516: 7483: 7438: 7392:"Refworld | Iran: Information on Sufism or Tasawwuf (Islamic mysticism) in Iran" 7355: 7312: 7285: 7043: 6898: 6897:

Numerous comparisons have been made between Sufism and the mystic components of some

6846: 6813: 6529: 6510: 6233: 5762: 5692: 5629: 5124: 4907: 4891: 4738: 4708: 4169: 4161: 4125: 4091: 3990: 3860:

scholars in general, is that dancing with intent during dhikr or whilst listening to

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The Heritage of Sufism: Classical Persian Sufism from Its Origins to Rumi (700-1300)

11934: 7354: • "Sufism is that you should be with God—without any attachment." ( 6829: 3173:('The Celestial Lights in Praise of the Best of Creation'), commonly referred to as 2962:, may or may not conform to the tenets of Sufism as understood by orthodox Muslims. 2835: 2139:), meaning "desirous", viz. "desiring the knowledge of knowing God and loving God". 26628: 26510: 26407: 26019: 25979: 25927: 25922: 25839: 25809: 25719: 25609: 25473: 25425: 25420: 24979: 24944: 24917: 24675: 24660: 24535: 24459: 24309: 24287: 24195: 24056: 23835: 23798: 23654: 23639: 23587: 23371: 23351: 23319: 23314: 23285: 23280: 23192: 23182: 22991: 22955: 22947: 22918: 22831: 22751: 22746: 22709: 22699: 22625: 22563: 22405: 22242: 22092: 21750: 21619: 21604: 21354: 21059: 20781: 20719: 20709: 20699: 20684: 20432: 20335: 20307: 20195: 18965: 18939: 18642: 18315: 18218: 18059: 17941: 17794: 17774: 17759: 17324: 16983: 16751: 16264: 16183: 15354: 15339: 15329: 15275: 14954: 14924: 14918: 14403: 14272: 14218: 14069: 13358: 12065: 11129: 10934: 9689: 9534:

Sufi and Scholar on the Desert Edge: Muhammad B. Oali Al-Sanusi and His Brotherhood

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Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy

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regards Muhammad as the greatest man and states, "Muhammad's wisdom is uniqueness (

3113: 2959: 2955: 2562: 2536: 1914: 1890: 1069: 1064: 1015: 1000: 985: 894: 773: 230: 210: 24272: 11506: 11290:

Philosophical Sufis among Scholars (ʿulamāʾ) and Their Impact on Political Culture

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The following are among definitions of Sufism quoted in an early Sufi treatise by

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are one of the strongest adherents of Sufism. Sufi poets and philosophers such as

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The garden of truth: the vision and promise of Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition

8398: 8328: 8076: 7760: 7510: 7391: 7169: 7103: 7067: 6951: 6920: 6773: 6732: 6716: 6472: 6245: 6178: 5589: 5573: 5379: 5067: 5040: 4922:(peace to all) concept to promote understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims. 4880: 4750: 4719: 4650: 4590: 4582: 4411: 4259:, literally 'marvels of the friends ')" has been "a requirement in Sunni Islam". 4222: 4026: 3894: 2999: 2803: 2753: 2555: 2158: 2007: 1937: 1894: 1871: 1779: 1555: 1489: 1353: 1333: 1251: 1204: 1020: 980: 969: 951: 854: 799: 712: 637: 493: 338: 245: 235: 19649: 13059:

Making Moderate Islam: Sufism, Service, and the "Ground Zero Mosque" Controversy

10996:, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 9729:

Masatoshi Kisaichi, "The Burhami order and Islamic resurgence in modern Egypt."

7980:

Sedgwick, Mark (2012). "Neo-Sufism". In Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael (eds.).

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Contemporary scholars may also recognize a third branch, attributed to the late

4241:, lit. generosity, high-mindedness) refers to supernatural wonders performed by 2714: 2628: 25430: 25318: 25258: 24974: 24949: 24734: 24638: 24520: 24464: 24417: 23830: 23778: 23674: 23644: 23624: 23619: 23614: 23597: 23493: 23413: 23386: 23339: 23329: 22341: 22004: 21987: 21806: 21786: 21755: 21657: 21374: 21227: 21069: 20771: 20057: 19976: 19842: 19819: 19802: 19653: 19578: 19502: 19023: 18929: 18538: 18493: 18488: 18339: 18308: 18213: 18096: 17934: 17687: 17620: 17613: 17603: 17451: 17188: 17049: 16978: 16953: 16813: 16746: 16662: 16538: 16299: 16168: 16068: 15981: 15816: 15660: 15512: 15507: 15482: 15401: 15137: 15001: 14942: 14936: 14900: 14875: 13926: 13168: 11484: 11203:

Concerning this, and for an excellent discussion of the concept of attraction (

9982:, addressed to a general audience rather than specifically to his own students. 9141: 7316: 7252: 6842: 6822: 6186:), and that there may never be in your soul a longing for any existing thing'. 5910: 5731: 5700: 5581: 5195: 4666: 4662: 4576: 4528: 4512: 4463: 4395: 4367: 4245:. In the technical vocabulary of Islamic religious sciences, the singular form 4075: 4071: 4055: 3606: 3601:

as any activity in which the Muslim maintains awareness of Allah. To engage in

3422: 3260: 3217: 2795: 2760: 2644: 2636: 2622: 2558: 2551: 2540: 2404: 2178: 2166: 1941: 1926: 1879: 1860: 1701:), which in Arabic means "purity", and in this context another similar idea of 1497: 1466: 1302: 1164: 1151: 1109: 1054: 668: 378: 343: 225: 185: 170: 52: 22606: 20017: 19824: 19016: 15969: 15915: 14787: 14276: 12454: 11686:

Böwering, Gerhard. "ḠAZĀLĪ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 17 December 2012.

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s are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called

3366: 3339:

as opposed to the various manifestations of Sufism around the Islamic world).

3311:), while he who learns Sacred Law without practicing Sufism corrupts himself ( 2951: 1917:

and Abdak al-Sufi. Later individuals included Hatim al-Attar, from Basra, and

1867:', is considered a "founding figure" in the "science of purifying the heart". 205: 26728: 25353: 24907: 24788: 24180: 24175: 24123: 23960: 23898: 23793: 23684: 23582: 23513: 23445: 23435: 23398: 23334: 23231: 23197: 23115: 23011: 22974: 22893: 22801: 22252: 22203: 21908: 21560: 21387: 21237: 20776: 20739: 20714: 20551: 19981: 19911: 19891: 19853: 19477: 19462: 19226:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

19033: 18958: 18768: 18729: 18716: 18691: 18597: 18386: 18358: 18235: 18189: 18107: 17806: 17707: 17692: 17682: 17517: 17479: 17456: 17418: 17329: 17059: 17053: 17043: 17031: 16440: 16239: 16213: 16163: 15704: 15552: 15467: 15255: 15230: 14983: 14885: 14518: 14490: 14436: 14349:

Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qurʼan, Miraj, Poetic and Theological Writings

14343: 14006: 13867: 12802:"Sehwan blast: Death toll reaches 90 as two more victims succumb to injuries" 12707: 12673: 12615: 12389: 12206: 12158: 11428: 10338:(...) uncle of the famous early Persian Ṣūfī Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 298/911). 10100: 10011: 8969: 8920: 8912: 8205: 7935: 7701: 7561: 7487: 7319:, a pious grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, died and is considered a 7277: 7273: 7246: 7234: 6924: 6757: 6728: 6652: 6509:(The Brides of Explication Concerning the Hidden Realities of the Qur'an) by 6388: 6120: 5387: 5333: 5211: 4965: 4885: 4635: 4523: 4450: 4350:. This is the way of Imam Al-Ghazali and of the majority of the Sufi orders. 4195:

and the yearly visitation to see the current Sheikh of the Qadiri Boutchichi

4001: 3853: 3787: 3774: 3756: 3663: 3659: 3449: 3434: 3323: 3225: 3213: 3132: 2995: 2931: 2843: 2807: 2799: 2710: 2625:

world, and in resisting European imperialism in North Africa and South Asia.

2565:: "Though outwardly shahs stand before him, he fixes his gazes on dervishes." 2484: 2444: 2420: 2314: 2234: 2222: 2190: 2174: 2143: 1563: 1393: 1229: 1134: 1094: 541: 498: 458: 368: 353: 313: 308: 130: 24022: 19943: 13906: 13503:

Islamic Philosophy of Religion: Synthesis of Science Religion and Philosophy

11847: 9902:

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism

9462:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), pp. 16–17 8842: 7926: 7909: 7845: 7238: 7106:

there are sections which treat of the same subjects as those treated in the

3554:

the words of Imam Al-Ghazali) solitude, silence, sleeplessness, and hunger.

2982:, Pakistan. Known for its multitude of Sufi shrines, Multan is nicknamed as 26718: 25493: 25395: 25251: 24939: 24934: 24912: 24902: 24783: 24215: 24150: 24093: 24078: 24044: 23669: 23577: 22573: 22464: 22459: 22310: 22280: 22154: 22122: 21870: 21841: 21828: 21647: 21572: 21222: 21074: 20952: 20668: 20517: 20502: 20216: 20009: 19938: 19726:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

19666: 19644: 19635: 19535: 19012: 18828: 18763: 18456: 18353: 18344: 18250: 18004: 17672: 17591: 17522: 17386: 16883: 16823: 16798: 16779: 16143: 15477: 15334: 15170: 15089: 14812: 14532: 14056:

Babou, Cheikh Anta (2007). "Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in Senegal".

13057: 12268: 11959: 11267:

Heart, Self & Soul: The Sufi Psychology of Growth, Balance, and Harmony

9930: 9895: 8812: 8745: 7860: 7281: 6880: 6746: 6680: 6419: 6106: 5801: 5785: 5645: 5510: 5341: 5258: 4972: 4518: 4508: 4375: 4188: 4087: 3927: 3890: 3826: 3695: 3524: 3040: 2919: 2865: 2831: 2632: 2621:. Sufism also played a role in creating and propagating the culture of the 2614: 2360: 2273: 2210: 1804: 1385: 1290: 1236: 973: 705: 694: 627: 488: 478: 423: 135: 23716: 22361: 19676: 19174: 18794: 13285:

Rabasa, Angel; Benard, Cheryl; Schwartz, Lowell H.; Sickle, Peter (2007).

12998:"The Dabistan and Orientalist views of Sufism | SOAS University of London" 11917:"تعرف على تاريخ ومولد ودورة الإمام أبو الحجاج الأقصرى السنوية × 15 معلومة" 11442: 10952:

Kramer, Robert S.; Lobban, Richard A. Jr.; Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (2013).

10832:(in Urdu). Translated by Ghulam Ahmed Biryan. Lahore: Mushtaq Book Corner. 9190: 8945:

Morals and Mysticism in Persian Sufism: A History of Sufi-Futuwwat in Iran

7792: 6966:

both referred to Muhammad as having attained perfection and titled him as

4987: 3624:

may slightly vary among each order. Some Sufi orders engage in ritualized

2257: 1689: 1678: 1658: 25415: 25390: 25209: 25177: 25168: 25114: 25044: 25029: 24922: 24813: 24474: 24422: 24210: 23928: 23908: 23748: 23689: 23427: 23423: 23236: 22724: 22672: 22642: 22479: 22333: 22225: 22149: 22014: 21950: 21901: 21199: 20689: 20597: 20497: 20384: 19991: 19713: 19681: 19631: 19497: 19195: 19160: 19142: 18934: 18671: 18601: 18281: 18180: 17749: 17722: 17712: 17649: 17554: 17544: 17539: 17371: 17354: 17178: 17093: 16933: 16808: 16259: 16203: 16002: 15240: 15125: 14817: 14632: 14602: 14574: 14367: 13786: 13225: 12948:"Militants Kill 305 at Sufi Mosque in Egypt's Deadliest Terrorist Attack" 12096: 11827: 11402: 10927: 10266: 10229: 7302: 6868: 6491: 6326: 5955: 5809: 5747: 5621: 4841: 4536: 4145: 3857: 3484: 3326:, a detailed statement issued by 200 leading Islamic scholars in 2005 in 3012: 2935: 2927: 2876: 2768: 2516: 2364: 2294: 2202: 1864: 1828: 1737: 1673: 1669: 1517: 1032: 990: 914: 428: 240: 32:

This article is about the body of mystical practice. For other uses, see

24729: 24670: 23773: 23167: 22986: 22535: 14284: 12743:"Pakistan's Sufis defiant after Islamic State attack on shrine kills 83" 11812: 11084:"Confreries: A Crossroads of Morocco's Literary and Spiritual Diversity" 9433:"Hanafi," "Hanbali," and "Maliki," and under "mysticism in..." for each. 8418:

The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition Guidebook of Daily Practices and Devotions

7569: 7537: 7495: 7471: 7245:

is a fictionalized account of Rumi's encounter with the Persian dervish

4532:

refers to each stage a Sufi's soul must attain in its search for Allah.

3187:

According to Ibn Arabi, Islam is the best religion because of Muhammad.

2094:

Sufi orders trace most of their original precepts from Muhammad through

1771:

from the earliest days of Islam, even predating some sectarian divides.

25381: 25376: 25246: 25241: 25204: 25182: 25039: 25019: 25014: 24855: 24845: 24808: 24412: 24190: 24138: 23878: 23523: 23503: 23039: 22964: 22903: 22667: 22647: 22568: 22220: 22188: 22159: 21938: 21933: 21918: 21502: 20584: 20541: 20512: 19640: 19437: 19218: 19164: 19062: 19000: 18951: 18917: 18870: 18791: 18724: 18711: 18629: 18605: 18534: 18439: 18381: 18303: 18206: 17579: 17343: 17339: 17173: 17098: 17074: 17039: 16993: 16928: 16888: 16863: 16818: 16803: 16793: 16425: 16188: 16048: 15910: 15806: 15502: 15344: 14711: 14626: 14612: 14504: 11971: 9369:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.16 9262:

Islamic Mystique in Terræ Brasilis: Sufism and Sufi Orders in São Paulo

8225:(Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 7280:. It develops into a distinct art form, especially during the reign of 7177: 7128: 6768:, at least 305 people were killed and more than 100 wounded during the 6751: 6338: 6294: 6229: 5984: 5471: 5242: 5002: 4758: 4754: 4557: 4371: 4177: 4129: 3958: 3779: 3734: 3671: 3639: 3360: 3196: 3033: 2815: 2618: 2515:) were connected with Sufism" that the popular studies of writers like 2508: 2492: 2452: 2238: 2214: 2198: 2170: 2099: 1629: 1625: 1544: 1521: 1037: 599: 584: 403: 398: 383: 358: 180: 24220: 23059: 17424:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

17283:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

16284: 16078: 15532: 13370: 11829:

Muslim saints of South Asia : the eleventh to fifteenth centuries

11695:"Ghazali, al-". The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 December 2012. 10122:

Thou knowest that none of the poets have sung such praise save only I.

8420:, p. 83, Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 2004 7259:

poets, has discussed Sufism, philosophy and Islam in his English work

4692:

and resting place of Bibi Rabia. Some believe her resting place to be

4108: 3248:("truth") are mutually interdependent. Sufism leads the adept, called 2609:(c. 1145 – c. 1221) greatly enhanced the spread of Islamic culture in 2282: 1524:

during the late medieval period. This particularly happened after the

25323: 25119: 25034: 25024: 24895: 24850: 24835: 24768: 24616: 24083: 24005: 23965: 23955: 23918: 23893: 23873: 23768: 23634: 23488: 23478: 23240: 23160: 23155: 23066: 22876: 22861: 22826: 22809: 22791: 22704: 22484: 22400: 22379: 22374: 22351: 22346: 22305: 22300: 22237: 22174: 22097: 22068: 22019: 21960: 21913: 21207: 20638: 20580: 20527: 20395: 19895: 19883: 19861: 19792: 19705:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

19696: 19602: 19547: 19472: 19126: 19121: 19047: 18991: 18737: 18592: 18585: 18461: 18372: 18286: 18266: 18111: 18052: 17564: 17532: 17487:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

17375: 17253: 17168: 17163: 16973: 16938: 16833: 16828: 16435: 16430: 16405: 16309: 16043: 16038: 15633: 15179: 15107: 15101: 14977: 14726: 14706: 14668: 14654: 14594: 14588: 14560: 14546: 14476: 13812: 12982:

Geaves, Ron; Gabriel, Theodore; Haddad, Yvonne; Smith, Jane Idleman.

12584: 12421:: Islamic Book Trust is affiliated with The Other Press. p. 10. 12312: 12278: 12244: 12172: 8467:

The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies by Clinton Bennett, p 328

7681: 7327:

rather there is a soothing message of brotherhood, peace in Sufism".

6959: 6905: 6818: 6720: 6452: 6423: 6411: 6159: 5976: 5557: 5502: 5311: 5077: 5017: 4980: 4946: 4826: 4693: 4597: 4347: 4322: 4079: 3998: 3849: 3848:

The traditional view of most orthodox Sunni Sufi orders, such as the

3718: 3568: 3480: 3292: 3188: 3166: 3137: 3083: 2908: 2827: 2787: 2699: 2531: 2472: 2436: 2428: 2218: 2206: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2162: 2147: 1637: 1559: 1373: 936: 518: 513: 483: 453: 448: 443: 413: 408: 393: 388: 348: 298: 293: 22756: 22285: 19886: 12403: 11984: 10912:

Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood

8734:

Essai sur les origines du lexique technique de la mystique musulmane

7014:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 4730:

and his dedication to fundamental Islamic principals and practices.

4645: 4449:

Of note with regard to the spread of Sufi psychology in the West is

2150:

order's conversion to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam and the spread of

1767:, present day Saudi Arabia and that it has existed as a practice of 1520:, certain strands of Sufi thought transferred over to the ambits of 26701: 25126: 24870: 24860: 24715: 24205: 24185: 24012: 23888: 23743: 23307: 23029: 22969: 22888: 22796: 22783: 22761: 22741: 22719: 22714: 22694: 22634: 22601: 22540: 22384: 22369: 22247: 22208: 22164: 21955: 21892: 21796: 21699: 21550: 21046: 20904: 20856: 20650: 20556: 20507: 20235: 20080: 20047: 19902: 19787: 19779: 19573: 18978: 18909: 18832: 18815: 18646: 18633: 18466: 18412: 18194: 17642: 17433: 17266: 16858: 16574: 16445: 16400: 16395: 15880: 15762: 15757: 15297: 15280: 14865: 14751: 14741: 14736: 13362: 12806: 12418: 12414: 9994:

Islamic cultures and societies to the end of the eighteenth century

9767: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9077: 9075: 7290: 7193: 7113: 6932: 6838: 6202: 5894: 5250: 5086: 5052: 4859: 4610: 4544: 4454: 4360: 3708: 3441:. Famous poems that still resonate across the Muslim world include 3175: 3079: 3075: 2991: 2939: 2839: 2718: 2681: 2610: 2543: 2230: 2103: 2010: 2003: 1930: 1707: 1609: 1460: 1454: 1450: 1399: 1381: 1246: 1214: 928: 862: 463: 363: 16359: 16153: 12092:

Sufi Warrior Saints: Stories of Sufi Jihad from Muslim Hagiography

11935:"Sufis celebrate birthday of Sheikh Abu El-Haggag at Luxor mosque" 11207:), see especially the Introduction to Abdullah Nur ad-Din Durkee, 9353:, ed. William C. Chittick (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2007), p. 76 9322: 8980:: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by 8296:, ed. William C. Chittick (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2007), p. 74 8078:

Striving for Divine Union: Spiritual Exercises for Suhraward Sufis

6699: 4769: 4191:, Morocco, a popular destination for such pious visitation is the 3508: 2367:, Junayd of Baghdad, and others of the early teachers, as well as 2320:

Ibn Taymiyya's Sufi inclinations and his reverence for Sufis like

25400: 24999: 24964: 24885: 24798: 24739: 24643: 24346: 24200: 23950: 23903: 23788: 23664: 23483: 22908: 22871: 22682: 22232: 22198: 22041: 21742: 21565: 21161: 20849: 20729: 20607: 20602: 20589: 20573: 20566: 20561: 20293: 20085: 20065: 20026: 19871: 19718:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

19662: 19619: 19466: 19456: 19181: 19130: 19084: 18922: 18819: 18720: 18699: 18578: 18573: 18448: 18399: 18327: 18276: 17997: 17876: 17549: 17363: 17295: 16685: 16533: 16415: 16390: 16324: 16304: 16294: 16279: 16158: 16148: 16115: 16090: 16017: 15976: 15954: 15895: 15875: 15829: 15824: 15767: 15665: 15472: 15307: 15245: 15083: 14782: 14746: 14716: 14686: 12747: 12512: 12064:. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 71. Leiden-Boston: 9816:

Googelberg, compiled form Knowledge entries and published by Dr.

7084:

number 613 only; those dictated by the intellect are innumerable.

6928: 6724: 6636: 5419: 4991: 4961: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4618: 4500: 4489: 4457: 4430:(self, ego, person), a faculty of spiritual intuition called the 4317: 4307: 4302: 4297:

built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi

4251: 4212: 4196: 4133: 4117: 3974: 3947: 3912: 3783: 3667: 3647: 3643: 3586: 3442: 3409:– a Persian from Baghdad. Other great Persian Sufi poets include 3336: 3071: 3052: 3043:"one of the most important doctrines of Sufism is the concept of 2900: 2896: 2880: 2811: 2776: 2685: 2640: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2512: 2476: 2468: 2400: 2348: 2344: 2335:

In his commentary, Ibn Taymiyya stresses that the primacy of the

2226: 2151: 2126: 2041: 2025: 1768: 1079: 756: 609: 508: 503: 433: 418: 373: 318: 303: 283: 255: 220: 195: 160: 115: 40: 12774:"88 dead, 343 injured in Sehwan shrine explosion: official data" 12123: 11662:

Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Henry Louis Gates Jr. (2012-02-02).

10374: 10301: 10299: 9581:

A Culture of Sufism: Naqshbandis in the Ottoman World, 1450–1700

9072: 9020:

Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond

8060:

Ernst, Carl W. (2004). "Tasawwuf". In Martin, Richard C. (ed.).

6313:(The Ornament of God's Friends and Generations of Pure Ones) by 4387: 3916:

was originally a form of Sufi devotional singing popular in the

3597:

takes a wide range and various layers of meaning. This includes

2918:

is instructive in this regard. Notable as well are the lives of

25308: 25187: 25172: 24991: 24880: 24865: 24823: 24601: 24479: 23753: 23508: 23498: 23110: 23071: 22913: 22521: 22491: 21079: 21053: 21012: 20973: 20890: 20803: 20724: 20626: 20467: 20462: 20229: 20153: 20090: 20070: 19951: 19915: 19104: 19007: 18944: 18823: 18666: 18620: 18100: 17409:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

17367: 17314: 16649: 16461: 16450: 16420: 16410: 16385: 16380: 16354: 16319: 16289: 16249: 16244: 16234: 16110: 16105: 16100: 16085: 16063: 16058: 16053: 16033: 16012: 15959: 15870: 15789: 15623: 15542: 15379: 15369: 15270: 15260: 15048: 14721: 13481:. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). p. 12 12752: 12508: 12308:

Islamic Mysticism and Abū Ṭālib Al-Makkī: The Role of the Heart

12168: 11661: 11105: 11043: 11041: 8244: 8175: 8134: 7617: 7422: 7320: 7222: 7181: 7166: 6940: 6825: 6696: 6593:(The Vast Sea in the Interpretation of the Glorious Qur'an) by 6581:(The Spirit of Explanation in the Commentary on the Qur'an) by 6431: 6427: 6364:(Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of the Truth) by 6346: 6217: 6172: 5048: 5036: 5032: 4864: 4821: 4777: 4727: 4723: 4380: 4294: 4269: 4200: 4181: 4157: 4149: 4103: 3966: 3951: 3939: 3922: 3410: 3286: 3266: 3244: 3238: 3154: 2979: 2947: 2892: 2884: 2851: 2791: 2772: 2764: 2741: 2500: 2496: 2488: 2416: 2242: 2122: 2066: 1989: 1981: 1969: 1957: 1898: 1840: 1816: 1729: 1605: 1505: 1436: 1428: 1389: 1089: 878: 846: 838: 823: 817: 701: 579: 574: 569: 564: 468: 331: 265: 175: 140: 23699: 17274:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

14027:"Exhibition of Paintings by Farkhananda Khan at Sufi Festival" 10869:"Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan : National Geographic World Music" 9441: 9439: 7134:

Abraham Maimonides' principal work was originally composed in

6910:

Tahaqeeq Ma Lilhind Min Makulat Makulat Fi Aliaqbal Am Marzula

6792: 4504:

means having spiritual experiences that strengthen the faith.

3533:

through which he grasps, and his foot through which he walks.

25004: 24778: 24758: 24743: 24319: 24145: 23940: 23803: 23758: 23738: 22898: 22295: 22141: 21923: 21328: 21153: 21107: 21095: 20897: 20883: 20842: 20619: 20457: 20314: 20300: 20221: 20184: 20075: 19116: 18741: 18542: 18530: 17332: 17307: 17278: 16667: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16229: 16007: 15900: 15885: 15694: 15560: 15492: 15462: 15457: 15359: 15324: 15250: 15225: 14807: 14802: 14792: 14777: 14767: 14731: 14701: 12343: 11164:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Order

10296: 8977: 8893:"A Comparative Exploration of the Spiritual Authority of the 7218: 7161: 7153: 7081: 6955: 6765: 6741: 6632: 6435: 6415: 6225: 6221: 5028: 4911: 4697: 4689: 4671: 4606: 4479: 4298: 4199:, Sheikh Sidi Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi to celebrate the 4173: 4165: 4141: 4059: 4051: 4047: 3994: 3962: 3782:

which originated among some Sufis, and practised by the Sufi

3655: 3582: 3577: 3563: 3537:

It is also necessary for the seeker to have a correct creed (

3514: 3430: 3426: 3356: 3327: 3250: 3162: 3060: 3004: 2869: 2745: 2594: 2590: 2547: 2269: 2131: 2102:

order, who trace their original precepts to Muhammad through

2058: 1978:

Historically, Sufis have often belonged to "orders" known as

1764: 1601: 1535: 1529: 1480: 1472: 1377: 1241: 1119: 810: 768: 761: 684: 676: 288: 250: 190: 165: 150: 145: 125: 120: 110: 96: 56: 12836:"Who Are Sufi Muslims and Why Do Some Extremists Hate Them?" 12339:

In Search of the Divine: Living Histories of Sufism in India

11038: 10918:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009), et passim. 10588:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path

10174:

The Mantle Odes: Arabic Praise Poems to the Prophet Muhammad

10074:

Glorification of the Prophet Muhammad in the Poems of Sa'adi

9959:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path

9844:

Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path

9471:

Rozina Ali, "The Erasure of Islam from the Poetry of Rumi,"

6536:

work, started by Najm al-Din Kubra, followed by his student

3840:) represents the ego's shroud. By removing his black cloak ( 3821:

or personal desires, by listening to the music, focusing on

3119: 1897:. Early on Sufism was known for its strict adherence to the 1874:, partly as a reaction against the worldliness of the early 1492:, partly as a reaction against the worldliness of the early 1425:), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as 24929: 24818: 22729: 21668: 20994: 20966: 20916: 20863: 20808: 20321: 19769:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

17318: 17313:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

17243: 16500: 15801: 15784: 15643: 15522: 15517: 15497: 15487: 15452: 15396: 15349: 15265: 14797: 14772: 12504:تفسير الملا علي القاري المسمى (أنوار القرآن وأسرار الفرقان) 10320: 10170: 9715:

Knysh, Alexander (2010). "Sufism". In Irwin, Robert (ed.).

9436: 7256: 7229: 6656: 6552:(Wonders of the Qur'an and Desiderata of the Criterion) by 6345:. As its title indicates, it is a sustained attempt to put 5541: 5044: 4983: 4854: 4848:(the remembrance of God out loud, as opposed to the silent 4803: 4566: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4311:, a term associated with religious visits and pilgrimages. 4290: 4242: 4017: 3935: 3861: 3813: 3630: 3438: 3414: 3296: 3289: 3282: 3221: 3048: 2737: 2661: 2602: 1997: 1910: 1902: 1687:

Another explanation traces the lexical root of the word to

1509: 1444: 870: 778: 260: 215: 200: 155: 19729:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

13284: 11955:

A Brief History of Islam: With Special Reference to Malaya

11374:"Qalandaria: Brief History of Hazrat Rabia al Basri R . A" 9731:

Popular Movements and Democratization in the Islamic World

9522:

Realm of the Saint: Power and Authority in Moroccan Sufism

9361: 9359: 9249: 8217: 8215: 6915:

Other scholars have likewise compared the Sufi concept of

6163: 4815:, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught 4470:

are also noteworthy areas of intellectual accomplishment.

3685:

Some Sufi orders stress and place extensive reliance upon

1608:(exemplary teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet 24828: 24793: 23468: 22805: 17677: 15589: 14428: 13431:

by Sajid Abdul Kayum, Chapter 1: Overview and Background.

13131:

The Dying God: The Hidden History of Western Civilization

10951: 10914:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008); Idem., 9755: 8174:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 4. 4435: 3903: 3885: 3822: 3342: 2088: 1562:), Sufism has continued to play an important role in the 1413:

Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from

17419:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

10916:

Tales of God Friends: Islamic Hagiography in Translation

10827: 10055: 10053: 8907:(1). International Institute of Islamic Thought: 49–74. 8123:

Knysh, Alexander D. (2006). "Ṣūfism and the Qurʾān". In

7862:

Global sufism : boundaries, structures and politics

4776:

on the underside of the dome of Hafiz Shirazi's tomb in

4374:

and explicated in his vast Qur'an commentary called the

3605:

is to practice consciousness of the Divine Presence and

3127:. Sufis believe the name of Muhammad is holy and sacred. 1724:

Others have suggested that the word comes from the term

39:"Sufi" redirects here. For sanctification in Islam, see 14058:

The International Journal of African Historical Studies

11756:

Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal

11559:

Holy people of the world: a cross-cultural encyclopedia

10351:"5 Greatest Persian Poets and Why They Remain Relevant" 10211: 9356: 8795: 8793: 8641:"Khalifa Ali bin Abu Talib – Ali, The Father of Sufism" 8546: 8212: 7755: 6562:(Lights of the Qur'an and Secrets of the Criterion) by 6475:(d. 283/896), the oldest Sufi commentary on the Qur'an. 4726:. Bayazid is regarded for his devout commitment to the 2879:

and are the heart of Turkey's large and mostly liberal

1889:

Later developments of Sufism occurred from people like

21711: 13821: 13389: 13377: 13262:. Government Promotion of Sufism. September 15, 2010. 12497: 10741:

Murad, Abdul Hakim. "Music in the Islamic Tradition."

10080: 9743: 8372: 6886: 4868:(litanies) to his followers, out of which the notable 3281:) of mystical knowledge with the "outward science" of 26690: 17471:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

17434:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

13697:

Nicholls, Ruth J.; Riddell, Peter G. (31 July 2020).

13602:

Bahoo, Sultan ul Arifeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan (2015).

11860: 11247: 11209:

The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah, Volume One: Orisons

10757:"Listening to Islamic Songs with Musical Instruments" 10050: 10038: 9864:

The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah, Volume One: Orisons

9033: 8235:

Halligan, Fredrica R. (2014). "Sufis and Sufism". In

6841:—nondogmatic, flexible and non-violent. According to 6796:

A choreographed Sufi performance on a Friday in Sudan

1936:

Important contributions in writing are attributed to

1736:, one of the most prominent companion among them was 19701:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

17304:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

13922:"Amir Khusro & Chishti Sufi Tradition of Sima'a" 13791:

Bulletin du Centre de Recherche Français À Jérusalem

12981: 11782:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

10847:. Translated by Z. H. Faruqi. D.K. Print World Ltd. 9931:

Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman Madzillah-ul-Aqdus (2015).

9391:

The Muslim 500: The World's Most Influential Muslims

8790: 4034: 3930:

is said to have infused Persian, Arabic Turkish and

3544:

Sufi practices, while attractive to some, are not a

3391:

explains the position of Sufism and Sufis this way:

2332:

essential within the life of the Islamic community.

2285:

out into the domain of the pure arid unimprisonable

2076: 2064: 2056: 2047: 2039: 2031: 2023: 1995: 1987: 1979: 1793:'pledge') that was given to Muhammad by his 1763:

The current consensus is that Sufism emerged in the

1650: 1575: 1533: 1478: 1470: 1458: 1442: 1434: 1426: 1420: 1367: 1347: 12713:

The Biographical Encyclopedia of Islamic Philosophy

12573: 11864:

Indian Islam: a religious history of Islam in India

11020:

The Concept of Sainthood in Early Islamic Mysticism

10845:

Fawa'id al-Fu'aad: Spiritual and Literal Discourses

10428:in this context is emphasized in Muhammad Emin Er, 10332:Silvers, Laury (2013-09-01). "al-Fatḥ al-Mawṣilī". 9377: 9375: 9148:. Islamic Supreme Council of America. p. 557. 8767: 8765: 8712:""Sufism": A Tradition of Transcendental Mysticism" 8612: 8553:. Islamic Supreme Council of America. p. 644. 8111:

https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211657444}

7472:"Sufism in History and its Relationship with Power" 4960:(The Book of the Sun of Gnosis) was written by the 2324:can also be seen in his hundred-page commentary on 19745:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 19693:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 17412:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 13567: 12539: 12233: 10430:The Soul of Islam: Essential Doctrines and Beliefs 10198:The Soul of Islam: Essential Doctrines and Beliefs 9899: 9623:"The natural and architectural ensemble of Blagaj" 7982:The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements 7910:"Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism" 6442: 3307:) without learning Sacred Law corrupts his faith ( 2252: 2091:, and view him as their ultimate spiritual guide. 19238:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 14154: 13856:"The Forty Rules of Love by Elif Shafak – review" 13478:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16: 3 13444:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India 13409:The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India 13256:"MUSLIM NETWORKS AND MOVEMENTS IN WESTERN EUROPE" 13097:An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines 12946:Walsh, Declan; Youssef, Nour (24 November 2017). 12240:Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilization and Religion 10805: 10470: 10026:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition 9868:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition 9146:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition 9091: 8818:An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines 8550:Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi tradition 8458:(2007) by Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi, Suha Taji-Farouki 8172:Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production 8038:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from 8006:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from 7089:Kremer, Alfred Von. 1868. "Notice sur Sha‘rani". 6857:, has favoured Sufi groups in its battle against 4894:was born in 1141 and died in 1236. Also known as 1543:Despite a relative decline of Sufi orders in the 1465:(self purification) and the hope of reaching the 26726: 18167: 17401:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 14140:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 123–138. 13889:The reconstruction of religious thought in Islam 12941: 12939: 12057: 12019: 11951: 11293:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 135–237. 10552:"What is Remembrance and what is Contemplation?" 9372: 9183:Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia 9120:ʿAlī – Shiʿism, Sufism, and the chivalric orders 8762: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8017: 7262:The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam 6451:, expounding the inner esoteric meanings of the 3807:) aim to reach the source of all perfection, or 2895:, and, more recently, to the United States, via 19565:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 17415:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 13696: 12829: 12827: 12825: 12467: 12195: 11867:. H. Milford, Oxford university press. p. 9694:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic 9.3World 9383:"Profile of Sheikh Ahmad Muhammad Al-Tayyeb on 8456:A Prayer for Spiritual Elevation and Protection 7975: 7973: 7858: 6590:Al-Bahr al-Madeed fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Majeed 3883:Kurdish Dervishes practice Sufism with playing 3790:. It is a customary dance performed within the 1994:) – congregations formed around a grand master 13703:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 181. 12164:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia 12088: 11158: 11156: 10309:(London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 179 9449:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2008, p. 4, note 2 9051: 7859:Piraino, Francesco; Sedgwick, Mark J. (2019). 7751: 7749: 7509:Sebottendorff, Baron Rudolf von (2013-01-17). 7159:The followers of this path, which they called 6606: 3772:Sufi whirling (or Sufi spinning) is a form of 3400: 3182: 2887:, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, 1831:refer to Ali as having a very high ranking in 1744:are considered by some to be the first Sufis. 1636:Sufism has been variously defined as "Islamic 21684: 20169: 18146:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 17496:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 16590: 16477: 15195: 14444: 14401: 14241: 12936: 12706: 12672: 12607: 12157: 11532:"Sultan-e-Hind: Mysticism takes centre stage" 11062:"Popular Sufi leader in Morocco dies aged 95" 10166: 10164: 9761: 9220: 9218: 8074: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8014: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7508: 7144:A Comprehensive Guide for the Servants of God 6337:(The Revival of the Sciences of Religion) by 6270:(d. ca. 380/990), a popular text about which 6140: 4388:Contributions to other domains of scholarship 3802: 3581:is the remembrance of Allah commanded in the 3315:). Only he who combines the two proves true ( 3171:al-Kawākib ad-Durrīya fī Madḥ Khayr al-Barīya 1380:which is characterized by a focus on Islamic 1310: 645: 14245:Sufism and Religious Brotherhoods in Senegal 14119:SUFISM (Origin, Growth, Eclipse, Resurgence) 14099:The Spiritual Writings of Amir ʿAbd al-Kader 12945: 12822: 12304: 12267: 11798: 11748: 11746: 11146:Jonathan A.C. Brown, "Faithful Dissenters," 11081: 10405:Imam Abu Hanifa's Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar Explained 9679: 9677: 9675: 8776:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 8510:. Harper Collins. pp. 45–3736–45-3736. 8501: 8499: 8036:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 8004:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 7993: 7991: 7970: 7714:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4764: 4753:and he is also the founder of the order the 4233: 4041: 2387: 1712: 1696: 1532:. Important focuses of Sufi worship include 1414: 101: 26745:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements 19244:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 14326:"Pakistan's Sufis Preach Faith and Ecstasy" 14092: 13700:Insights into Sufism: Voices from the Heart 13608:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 58. 13574:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 49. 13127: 12202:Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam 11153: 10830:Siyar-ul-Auliya: History of Chishti Silsila 9866:; see also Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 9773: 9557:, Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi Publications, 1992. 9504:"Dr. Jonathan A.C. Brown – What is Sufism?" 8901:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 8847:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 5 November 2023. 8771: 7818: 7816: 7746: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7284:and his contemporary Sufi masters, such as 7180:, guided by a religious leader like a Sufi 6787: 6737:celebration of the birthdays of Sufi saints 6434:(Islamic monotheism), ethics, morality and 6216:(c. 1150 – c. 1245) was a Sufi scholar and 4790:jurist and prominent Sufi scholar based in 4328: 4008:(d. 1111), talking to a disciple, from the 2546:(d. 1627) preferring an audience with Sufi 1878:(661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of 1815:(pledging allegiance) to a legitimate Sufi 1676:both rejected all possibilities other than 1581: 1496:(661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of 21691: 21677: 20176: 20162: 19265:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 16617: 16597: 16583: 16484: 16470: 15202: 15188: 14451: 14437: 14224:Insights Into Islamic Esoterism and Taoism 13533: 13021:Geaves, Ron (2014), Ridgeon, Lloyd (ed.), 12977: 12975: 12376:"Shihabuddin Abu Hafs 'Umar al-Suhrawardi" 12335: 12274:Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam 11801:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 11752: 11123: 11119: 11117: 10717:. Vol. 6. Darul Ma'rifa. p. 396. 10649: 10647: 10645: 10643: 10611:. Mevlevi Order of America. Archived from 10161: 9978:See examples provided by Muzaffar Ozak in 9878:, which reproduces the spiritual lineage ( 9568:Islam: Religion, History, and Civilization 9257:: o Sufismo e as Ordens Sufis em São Paulo 9224: 9215: 9176: 9174: 8972:'s Biographical Dictionary, translated by 8576:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 8062:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 8046: 7893:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7779: 6702:should be the nation's political leader). 6663:which resulted in the deaths of 90 people. 6447:Sufis have also made contributions to the 6266:(The Exploration of the Path of Sufis) by 6147: 6133: 4986:order. He was born in a Berber family, in 4975:(1737–1815), in Arabic سيدي أحمد التجاني ( 4832: 3811:. This is sought through abandoning one's 3638:includes various forms of worship such as 3593:literature and the Quran. More generally, 3285:. For example, the famous twelfth-century 2883:population. They have spread westwards to 2783:in doctrines, manners and purification." 2664:to maintain a lodge (known variously as a 2639:wellspring cavern beneath a high vertical 2063:(perfection of worship), as detailed in a 2022:These orders meet for spiritual sessions ( 1317: 1303: 652: 638: 14366: 14242:Mbacké, Khadim; Hunwick, John O. (2005). 14158:Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture 14155:Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Hani (2014). 13891:(4th ed.). New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan. 13474: 13440: 13395: 13357:(1). American Oriental Society: 279–281. 11794: 11792: 11743: 11110:(4th ed.). Spoken Language Services. 11103: 11033:Drei Schriften des Theosophen von Tirmid̲ 10823: 10821: 10656:"Is it permissible to listen to Qawwali?" 9672: 8887: 8496: 8395:Qur'anic Exegesis in Classical Literature 8363: 8283:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2009), p. 223 7988: 7949: 7947: 7945: 7925: 7030:Learn how and when to remove this message 3264:) until he reaches his goal, the perfect 3203: 2744:, is represented by institutions such as 2539:dated from the early 1620s depicting the 2083:, the complete human who personifies the 24248: 18867:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 17406:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 14323: 14299: 14068: 13920:Dehlvi, Ghulam Rasool (April 28, 2024). 13886: 13762:"Maimonides, Abraham | Encyclopedia.com" 13499: 13351:Journal of the American Oriental Society 13094:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein Nasr (1993-01-01). 11832:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 171. 11825: 11636: 11253: 11051:(Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2009), p. 99 11035:, ii (Beirut-Stuttgart, 1996), pp. 68–69 10808:"Music and Singing – A Detailed Article" 10276:"A Classic Manual of Islamic Scared Law" 10217: 9890: 9888: 9532:; and for the colonial era, Knut Vikyr, 8883: 8881: 8879: 8799: 8378: 8234: 8029: 7979: 7813: 7679: 7651: 7649: 7419:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 7398: 7212: 6812: 6791: 6626: 6549:Ghara'ib al-Qur'an wa Ragha'ib al-Furqan 6471:(Interpretation of the Great Qur'an) by 6410:(d. 709/1309), a collection of 261 Sufi 6383:(The Gifts of Spiritual Perceptions) by 5020:Silsila. He was also known by the title 4945: 4879: 4768: 4644: 4332: 4107: 3984: 3871: 3760: 3712: 3567: 3507: 3468: 3365: 3346: 3207: 3118: 3022: 2969: 2859: 2704: 2684:, including a lodge for Sufi seekers, a 2627: 2530: 2391: 2268: 2256: 2002:who will trace their teaching through a 1907:Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 1656:seems to have been "one who wears wool ( 1441:) - congregations formed around a grand 1398: 1376:body of religious practice found within 25545: 19090:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 14203:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 13817:. Vol. 11. 1906. pp. 579–581. 13662: 13635: 13197: 13167: 13055: 12972: 12866: 12130:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy 11555: 11114: 11009:, II (Berlin-New York, 1992), pp. 89–90 10843:Auliya, Nizamuddin (31 December 1996). 10754: 10653: 10640: 10348: 9180: 9171: 9140: 8941: 8389: 8387: 8241:Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion 6975: 6250:Among the most popular Sufi works are: 4884:A Mughal-era Sufi prayer book from the 4688:There are different opinions about the 3832:As explained by Mevlevi practitioners: 3794:, through which dervishes (also called 3503: 3372:Islamic Naqshbandi saints of Allo Mahar 2561:(d. 1625); the picture is inscribed in 14: 26727: 18447: 18090:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 15209: 14262: 14217: 14196: 14175: 14116: 13990: 13919: 13839: 13784: 13534:Chamankhah, Leila (3 September 2019). 13321: 13020: 12833: 12741:Hassan, Syed Raza (17 February 2017). 12740: 12451:Tony Blair Institute for Global Change 12410:The Book of Aphorisms (Kitab al-Hikam) 11789: 11582: 11337:. Yale University Press, 1992, p. 112. 11286: 10842: 10818: 10086: 9815: 9667:The Islamic Tradition: An introduction 9039: 8169: 7942: 7907: 7613:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 7535: 6770:November 2017 Islamic terrorist attack 6723:), who believe that practices such as 6455:. Among such works are the following: 6406:(The Aphorisms of Ibn 'Ata' Allah) by 6256:Al-Ta'arruf li-Madhhab Ahl al-Tasawwuf 6208: 6197:(died 922) is renowned for his claim, 6064:Tanbih al-'Uqul 'ala Tanzih al-Sufiyya 6059:Tanbih al-Ghabi bi-Tabri'at Ibn 'Arabi 4925: 4640: 3343:Traditional Islamic thought and Sufism 3332:Organisation of the Islamic Conference 3258:or "road" through different stations ( 3161:In the 13th century, a Sufi poet from 2965: 2526: 29:Body of mystical practice within Islam 25544: 24697: 24247: 21710: 21672: 21414: 21182: 20798: 20157: 18166: 17239:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 16616: 16578: 16564:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 16514:Hilyat al-Awliya wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya 16465: 15183: 14861:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 14432: 14342: 14135: 14055: 13601: 13429:The Jamaat Tableegh and the Deobandis 13200:"The battle for the soul of Chechnya" 12894:. Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting 12679:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 12413:. Translated by Muhammed Nafih Wafy. 11418: 11363:. Yale University Press, 1992, p. 87. 11287:Akhtar, Ali Humayun (June 10, 2017). 11107:A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic 11104:Wehr, Hans; Cowan, J. Milton (1979). 10683: 10403:, and Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Maghnisawi, 10059: 10044: 9894: 9885: 9749: 9714: 9555:The Legacy of Medieval Persian Sufism 8876: 8857: 8709: 8573: 8547:Muhammad Hisham Kabbani (June 2004). 8122: 8059: 7914:American Journal of Islam and Society 7661:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2014-02-04 7646: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7579: 7469: 7451:from the original on 28 November 2018 7435:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.51 7198:Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain 7098:In the ethical writings of the Sufis 7050:Kitab al-Hidayah ila Fara'iḍ al-Ḳulub 6893:Hindu-Islamic relations § Sufism 6499:'Ara'is al-Bayan fi Haqa'iq aI-Qur'an 6349:back into Muslim religious discourse. 6310:Hilyat al-Awliya wa Tabaqat al-Asfiya 6303:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 6239: 3374:is celebrated on 23 March every year. 2914:The life of the Algerian Sufi master 2117:) in the early Middle Ages. The term 1500:. Although Sufis were opposed to dry 21183: 20799: 16604: 14619:Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari 14408:. Routledge Sufi Series. Routledge. 14392: 14324:Schmidle, Nicholas (December 2008). 13840:Curiel, Jonathan (6 February 2005). 13827: 13785:Loubet, Mireille (15 October 2000). 13475:Siddiqui, Ataullah; Waugh, Earle H. 13383: 13348: 13093: 12960:from the original on 1 December 2017 12869:"Salafi intolerance threatens Sufis" 12848:from the original on 1 December 2017 11995:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. 11759:. Taylor & Francis. p. 78. 11609: 10171:Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych (2010), 10102:The Seals of Wisdom (Fusus al-Hikam) 9934:Sultan Bahoo: The Life and Teachings 9683: 8844:Jāmī | Persian poet and scholar 8811: 8574:Ernst, Carl W. (2003). "Tasawwuf ". 8505: 8384: 8319: 7997: 7790: 7409: 7127:, the son of the Jewish philosopher 6979: 6631:Muslim pilgrims gathered around the 6090: 4994:, and died at the age of 78 in Fez. 4875: 4786:(1077–1166) was a Mesopotamian-born 4733: 4703: 3969:are used. Pakistani singing maestro 3744:Ilahî anta maqsûdî wa-ridâka matlûbî 3454:The Conference of the Birds by Attar 2098:, with the notable exception of the 18878:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 14138:The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad 13663:Bennett, Clinton (1 January 1998). 13636:Bennett, Clinton (1 January 1998). 13571:Sultan-Bahoo-The Life and Teachings 13287:"Building Moderate Muslim Networks" 13202:. Guardian News and Media Limited. 11785:. The Institute. 2006. p. 241. 11350:. Cambridge University Press, 1928. 10806:Muhammad Ibn Adam (14 April 2004). 10755:Rabbani, Faraz (25 December 2012). 9996:. Irwin, Robert, 1946–. Cambridge. 9570:, HarperSanFrancisco, 2003. (Ch. 1) 9250:Mário Alves da Silva Filho (2012). 9022:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, p. 22, 8536:. Naqshbandi Sufi Way. 9 June 2021. 8032:"Sufism. ṢūfĪ Thought and Practice" 7822: 7138:and entitled "כתאב כפאיה אלעאבדין" 6904:The tenth-century Persian polymath 6887:Similarities with Eastern religions 6430:, and deals with issues related to 6228:. He devoted himself to knowledge, 6189: 5120:Ibn Arabi and theoretical mysticism 5008: 4453:, a Sufi teacher authorized in the 4305:. Sufis often visit the shrine for 4234: 4226: 4042: 4030: 3803: 3733:can be likened to the practices of 3650:music of the Indian subcontinent), 3613:of Allah (65:10–11). Some types of 1843:of the principals and practices of 1783: 1713: 1697: 1508:and belonged to various schools of 1415: 1357: 1337: 24: 25514:Religions and spiritual traditions 21713:Religious groups and denominations 15410: 13993:"The Many Voices of Enlightenment" 12834:Specia, Megan (24 November 2017). 12127:; William Edelglass, eds. (2011). 11556:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004-12-15). 11507:"Hizb ul Bahr – Litany of the Sea" 11421:Hundred great Muslims Jamil Ahmad 11049:Art of Islam: Language and Meaning 10955:Historical Dictionary of the Sudan 10712: 10120:, John Andrew Boyle (translator), 10071: 9717:The New Cambridge History of Islam 9018:Carl W. Ernst, Bruce B. Lawrence, 8858:Knysh, Alexander D. (2011-05-01), 8613:Shaykh Tariq Knecht (2018-11-09). 8281:Art of Islam: Language and Meaning 7953: 7576: 6784:. Most of the victims were Sufis. 6778:one of the worst terrorist attacks 6655:, Pakistan); on 16 February 2017, 6560:Anwar al-Qur'an wa Asrar al-Furqan 4941: 4714: 4625: 4560:(knowing God and knowing oneself): 3920:, and is now usually performed at 2499:; and the Naqshbandiyya order was 71: 25: 26761: 19250:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 14525:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi 14424: 14121:. New Delhi: Anuradha Prakashan. 13787:"Jewish pietism of the Sufi type" 13198:Parfitt, Tom (23 November 2007). 13027:The Cambridge Companion to Sufism 12986:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 67. 12580:Islamic Spirituality: Foundations 12471:Yunus Emre: The Sufi Poet in Love 12382:. Anqa Publishing. Archived from 11992:The Cambridge Companion to Sufism 11583:Willis, John Ralph (2012-10-12). 10743:Cambridge Muslim College Retreat. 10133: 10115: 10098: 9991: 9906:. Yale University Press. p. 9351:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr 9052:Bin Jamil Zeno, Muhammad (1996). 8897:in the Shi'i and Sufi Traditions" 8330:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr 8294:The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr 8081:, RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 1–4, 7309:Brooklyn Museum's Islamic gallery 6950:The ninth-century Iranian mystic 6643:) of the 13th-century Sufi saint 6490:(Subtleties of the Allusions) by 6422:), based on the teachings of the 6385:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi 6354:Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq 5449:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi 5039:Hussaini family. His teacher was 5016:was a Sufi saint who founded the 4872:is recited worldwide even today. 4473: 4004:(d. 1123), brother of the famous 2779:) and ... of the Sufism of Imam 2305:that one must be trained to use. 2125:(ultimate truth). A tariqa has a 1740:. These men and women who sat at 26712: 26700: 26674: 26665: 26664: 26478:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 25620:Democratic Republic of the Congo 21653: 21652: 21641: 21162:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 20352:Timeline of the history of Islam 20183: 19268:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 17490:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 17362:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 17040:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 16491: 15165: 14685: 14019: 13984: 13954: 13941: 13913: 13880: 13848: 13833: 13805: 13778: 13754: 13736: 13724: 13690: 13656: 13629: 13595: 13561: 13540:. Springer Nature. p. 253. 13527: 13506:. Sarup & Sons. p. 81. 13493: 13468: 13434: 13422: 13401: 13342: 13315: 13278: 13248: 13218: 13191: 13161: 13148: 13121: 13087: 13049: 13014: 12990: 12906: 12879: 12860: 12794: 12766: 12734: 12700: 12666: 12640: 12611:Jihad in Premodern Sufi Writings 12601: 12567: 12533: 12491: 12461: 12435: 12397: 12368: 12329: 12298: 12261: 12227: 12189: 12151: 12117: 12082: 12051: 12013: 11978: 11945: 11927: 11909: 11900: 11887: 11875: 11854: 11819: 11773: 11734: 11725: 11716: 11707: 11698: 11689: 11680: 11655: 11630: 11603: 11576: 11549: 11524: 11499: 11477: 11435: 11412: 11391: 11366: 11353: 11340: 11327: 11280: 11259: 11235: 11222: 11197: 11176: 11140: 11134:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0445 11097: 11075: 11054: 11025: 11012: 10999: 10986: 10945: 10939:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1335 10921: 10904: 10886: 10861: 10836: 10799: 10774: 10748: 10735: 10721: 10706: 10686:"Moulana Rumi and Whirling Zikr" 10684:Desai, Siraj (13 January 2011). 10677: 10654:Hussain, Zahid (22 April 2012). 10626: 10601: 10580: 10562: 10544: 10535: 10509: 10489: 10473:"Dhikr and the Wisdom Behind It" 10464: 10443: 10418: 10385: 10367: 10342: 10326: 10314: 10307:The Four Imams and Their Schools 10260: 10223: 10190: 10142: 10138:, John Andrew Boyle (translator) 10127: 10109: 10092: 10065: 10024:Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, 10018: 9985: 9972: 9951: 9924: 9856: 9492:from the original on 2021-12-11. 9426:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1188 8480:. Sufi Way. 2003. Archived from 8147:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00196 7762:The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah 7630:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1188 6984: 6619:Sectarian violence among Muslims 6583:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi/Bursevi 6571:Ruh al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an 6114: 6100: 6089: 6077: 6076: 4840:(died 1258), the founder of the 4696:whereas others believe it to be 3901:Musical instruments (except the 3750: 2397:A Sufi in Ecstasy in a Landscape 2339:forms the soundest tradition in 1284: 683: 621: 25080:Evolutionary origin of religion 21513:List of ex-Muslim organisations 19815:United Submitters International 19099:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 18477:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 17830:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 13330:from the original on 2014-09-14 13303:from the original on 2014-05-31 13266:from the original on 2014-06-23 13236:from the original on 2014-05-16 13226:"Sufism: Of saints and sinners" 13206:from the original on 2014-09-14 13179:from the original on 2014-07-08 13154:Jamal Malik, John R. Hinnells: 13076:from the original on 2016-10-29 12914:"Salafi Violence against Sufis" 12885: 12474:. Blue Dome Press. p. 25. 11753:James Wise (10 November 2016). 11664:Dictionary of African Biography 10782:"Is Music Prohibited in Islam?" 9980:Irshad: Wisdom of a Sufi Master 9937:. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. 9836: 9809: 9779: 9723: 9708: 9659: 9637: 9615: 9594: 9573: 9560: 9547: 9510: 9496: 9478: 9465: 9452: 9408: 9343: 9316: 9296: 9279: 9243: 9225:Trimingham, J. Spencer (1998). 9162: 9134: 9111: 9097: 9055:The Pillars of Islam & Iman 9045: 9012: 8991: 8963: 8935: 8851: 8835: 8805: 8739: 8726: 8703: 8664: 8658: 8633: 8606: 8582: 8567: 8540: 8524: 8470: 8461: 8449: 8423: 8411: 8357: 8312: 8299: 8286: 8273: 8228: 8163: 8116: 8103: 8094: 8068: 7901: 7852: 7680:Hossein., Nasr, Seyyed (2008). 7342: 7080:The precepts prescribed by the 6443:Sufi commentaries on the Qur'an 6289:(Nourishment of the Hearts) by 3646:(the most well known being the 2978:(built 1324 A.D) is located in 2511:, and the Sultan Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn ( 2483:, being a renowned jurist; the 2253:Sufism as an Islamic discipline 25436:Separation of church and state 24089:Polytheistic reconstructionism 20109:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 19127:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 17840:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 17835:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 17493:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 17114:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 14265:Journal of Religion and Health 13991:Cotter, Holland (2009-06-11). 13669:. A&C Black. p. 190. 13642:. A&C Black. p. 223. 12888:"Kashmir: From Sufi to Salafi" 12867:Ibrahim, Baher (10 May 2010). 11861:Murray Thurston Titus (1930). 11641:. Amsterdam University Press. 11265:See especially Robert Frager, 10828:Muhammad bin Mubarak Kirmani. 9185:. Cambridge University Press. 9007:University of California Press 8034:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.). 8002:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.). 7908:Newlon, Brendan (2017-07-01). 7722: 7673: 7529: 7502: 7463: 7384: 7228:The 13th century Persian poet 7165:(not to be confused with the 7062:. This book was translated by 6540:(d. 654/1256) and finished by 6449:Qur'anic exegetical literature 3973:is credited with popularizing 3100:Sayyid Muhammad Baba As-Samasi 1963: 1569: 1457:, with the goal of undergoing 102: 13: 1: 23045:Traditional Sabahan religions 19541:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 17867:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 14402:Zarrabi-Zadeh, Saeed (2016). 14200:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 14182:. SkyLight Paths Publishing. 13322:ETERAZ, ALI (June 10, 2009). 13062:. Stanford University Press. 13056:Corbett, Rosemary R. (2016). 11906:Memoirs of the Saints, p.108. 11897:, Stephen Hirtenstein, p. 246 10517:"The Naqshbandi Way of Dhikr" 10334:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE 9791:Oxford Islamic Studies Online 9669:. Amity House. February 1988. 9447:Introduction to Sufi Doctrine 9092:Fitzpatrick & Walker 2014 8864:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE 8506:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2008). 8257:10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_666 8030:Chittick, William C. (2009). 7984:. Cambridge University Press. 7960:Oxford Islamic Studies Online 7330: 7296: 7208: 7117:. However, the author of the 6659:claimed responsibility for a 6325:(The Qushayrian Treatise) by 5932:'Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 4997: 4806:. He was given lessons about 4097: 3464: 3096:Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari 2905:Hamza al Qadiri al Boutchichi 2692: 2465:Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari 2293:, is frequently a product of 2157:Prominent tariqa include the 2030:) in meeting places known as 1811:Sufis believe that by giving 1774:Sufi orders are based on the 1404: 21698: 21498:Apostasy in Islam by country 21365:Liberalism and progressivism 19229:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 19170:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 19151:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 18169:Islamic schools and branches 17004:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 16909:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 14248:. Markus Wiener Publishers. 13793:(7). bcrfj.revues.org: 87–91 12984:Islam and the West Post 9/11 12656:The University of St Andrews 12546:Feminist Edges of the Qur'an 12405:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari 11419:Ahmad, Khwaja Jamil (1971). 10871:. 2013-03-20. Archived from 10177:, Indiana University Press, 10151:The Signs of a Sincere Lover 10136:Ilahi-nama – The Book of God 10118:Ilahi-nama – The Book of God 9992:Knysh, Alexander. "Sufism". 9862:Abdullah Nur ad-Din Durkee, 9516:For the pre-modern era, see 9488:. youtube.com. 13 May 2015. 9058:. Darussalam. pp. 19–. 8999:Sufism: The Formative Period 8736:. Paris: Vrin, 1954. p. 104. 8433:. Mac.abc.se. Archived from 7956:"Sufism in the Modern World" 7377: 6817:A 17th-century miniature of 6772:on a Sufi mosque located in 6661:suicide attack on the shrine 6601: 6528:(Starry Interpretations) by 6408:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari 5297:Jamal al-Din b. al-Harastani 5058: 4916:Shahāb-ud-Din Muhammad Ghori 4862:also gave eighteen valuable 4488:At-Takhalli, At-Tahalli, At- 4112:Sufi mosque in Esfahan, Iran 3018: 2786:Current Sufi orders include 2635:, built c. 1520 next to the 2463:), the Naqshbandiyya (after 2004:chain of successive teachers 1643: 1451:chain of successive teachers 7: 25289:National religiosity levels 24514:Nauruan Indigenous religion 24069:Hellenism (modern religion) 19161:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 17857:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 17214:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 17149:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 14647:Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi 14306:Mystical Dimension of Islam 13447:. Aakar Books. p. 90. 13175:. Globe Newspaper Company. 13128:Livingstone, David (2002). 12501:(2012). ناجي السويد (ed.). 12043:– via Distributed by 11082:Staff Writer (2018-03-28). 11022:(London, 1996), pp. 109–110 10994:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān 10393:The Creed of Imam al-Tahawi 10323:. Retrieved on Feb 2, 2010. 10239:"Reliance of the Traveller" 9506:. youtube.com. 13 May 2015. 9229:. Oxford University Press. 8774:Sufism The Formative Period 8772:Karamustafa, Ahmet (2007). 8710:Emara, Nancy (2002-08-30). 8478:"Origin of sufism – Qadiri" 8130:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān 7536:Belhaj, Abdessamad (2013). 7010:the claims made and adding 6855:7 July 2005 London bombings 6607:Persecution of Sufi Muslims 5104:Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society 4813:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi 4800:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi 4206: 4035: 3702: 3401:Persian influence on Sufism 3183:Sufi beliefs about Muhammad 3105: 2994:—after death and after the 2727:modernist Islamic reformers 2653:National Monument of Bosnia 2550:to his contemporaries, the 2469:four orthodox legal schools 2459:), the Hamadaniyyah (after 2077: 2065: 2057: 2048: 2040: 2032: 2024: 1996: 1988: 1980: 1870:Sufism emerged early on in 1690: 1679: 1659: 1651: 1576: 1534: 1488:Sufism emerged early on in 1479: 1471: 1459: 1449:who would be the last in a 1443: 1435: 1427: 1421: 1368: 1348: 858:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 26766: 24698: 21415: 19912:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 19357:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 19110:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 18788:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 18272:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 17528:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 17159:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 17119:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 16944:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 14458: 14075:Sufism: A Beginner's Guide 14048: 13441:Mohammada, Malika (2007). 12682:. First published 2006 by 11997:Cambridge University Press 11589:. Routledge. p. 234. 11166:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 10731:. Al-Ilmiyya. p. 319. 10432:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 10200:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 9961:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 9882:) of a living Sufi master. 9846:, Shifâ Publishers, 2008, 8533:Taking Initiation (Bay'ah) 8064:. MacMillan Reference USA. 7300: 7203: 7041: 6890: 6861:currents. The influential 6755:(impure "innovation") and 6695:" (i.e., that the supreme 6616: 6610: 6243: 5027:He hailed originally from 4629: 4262: 4210: 4101: 4092:Junayd of Baghdad (d. 910) 4015: 3867: 3754: 3706: 3561: 3512:Sufi gathering engaged in 3086:(e.g., as in the books of 2756:, with Al-Azhar's current 2709:Whirling dervishes of the 2471:of Sunni Islam. Thus, the 1967: 1758: 1751: 1747: 1705:as considered in Islam is 1526:Safavid conversion of Iran 38: 31: 26660: 26579: 26496: 26368: 26113: 25838: 25555: 25551: 25540: 25449: 25374: 25145: 25053: 24990: 24708: 24704: 24693: 24256: 24243: 24168: 23991: 23973:Transcendental Meditation 23866: 23853: 23818: 23566: 23543: 23532: 23459: 23422: 23124: 23020: 23002: 22946: 22937: 22854: 22782: 22633: 22624: 22582: 22554: 22512: 22445: 22436: 22427: 22393: 22360: 22332: 22323: 22273: 22140: 21827: 21741: 21732: 21723: 21719: 21706: 21636: 21521: 21488: 21428: 21424: 21410: 21337: 21304: 21276:Geography and cartography 21251: 21198: 21194: 21178: 21004: 20926: 20873: 20822: 20818: 20794: 20664: 20488: 20448: 20331: 20283: 20207: 20203: 20192: 20103: 20056: 20008: 19962: 19852: 19839: 19778: 19675: 19618: 19601: 19488: 19436: 19427: 19366: 19283: 19217: 19194: 19141: 19061: 19046: 18976: 18843: 18686: 18550: 18525: 18501:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 18438: 18338: 18188: 18179: 18175: 18162: 18136: 18081: 18028: 17924: 17917: 17875: 17845:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 17805: 17663: 17560:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 17508: 17478: 17385: 17353: 17294: 17252: 17073: 17027: 17014:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 16989:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 16839:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 16778: 16769: 16737: 16709: 16676: 16648: 16641: 16637: 16612: 16554:The Beginning of Guidance 16499: 16373: 16222: 16124: 16026: 15990: 15815: 15551: 15421: 15408: 15218: 15163: 15076: 15041: 14970: 14893: 14884: 14831: 14760: 14694: 14683: 14466: 14277:10.1007/s10943-006-9073-2 14078:. Oneworld Publications. 13951:. ISBN 978-0-19-288923-2. 12648:"al-Ta'wilat al-Najmiyya" 12211:Columbia University Press 12058:Erik S. Ohlander (2008). 11952:Mohammed A. Rauf (1964). 11893:K. al-Wasa'il, quoted in 11637:Bangstad, Sindre (2007). 11562:. ABC-CLIO. p. 858. 11361:Women and Gender in Islam 11335:Women and Gender in Islam 11018:B. Radtke and J. O’Kane, 10992:Radtke, B., "Saint", in: 10609:"The Sema of the Mevlevi" 10478:. Translated by A. Rahmim 10321:The Amman Message Summary 9762:Mbacké & Hunwick 2005 9123:. Encyclopedia Britannica 8974:William McGuckin de Slane 8616:Journal of a Sufi Odyssey 8401:: The Other Press, 2010. 8393:Rashid Ahmad Jullundhry, 8188:10.1163/9789004226487_027 7765:. Islamic Texts Society. 7554:10.1163/19585705-12341276 7415:"Mysticism in Sufi Islam" 6681:Muslim-majority countries 6542:'Alā' al-Dawla al-Simnani 6532:(d. 618/1221). This is a 6461:Tafsir al-Qu'ran al-'Azim 6220:preaching principally in 5041:Bayazid Tayfur al-Bistami 4979:), is the founder of the 4784:Shaykh Abdul-Qadir Gilani 4765:Shaykh Abdul-Qadir Gilani 4118:visit or make pilgrimages 3980: 3495:was originally coined by 3193:al-ḥaqīqa al-Muhammadiyya 2864:Sufi Tanoura twirling in 2388:Formalization of doctrine 1504:, they strictly observed 25605:Central African Republic 22592:Vietnamese folk religion 21983:Charismatic Christianity 21595:Islamic view of miracles 19530:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 18405:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 18019:The Moderation in Belief 17900:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 17638:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 17209:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 17139:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 16559:The Moderation in Belief 16509:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 15008:Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi 14856:The Alchemy of Happiness 14841:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 14581:Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili 14271:(3). Springer: 409–421. 14176:Gamard, Ibrahim (2004). 13887:Muhammad, Iqbal (1990). 13500:Laliwala, J. I. (2005). 13324:"State-Sponsored Sufism" 12684:Blackwell Publishing Ltd 12622:imprint is published by 12517:Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya 12468:Zekeriya Bașkal (2013). 11826:Suvorova, A. A. (2004). 11616:. OUP USA. p. 116. 10497:The Book of Sufi Healing 10268:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri 10231:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri 9227:The Sufi Orders in Islam 9181:Peacock, A.C.S. (2019). 9142:Kabbani, Muhammad Hisham 8986:Royal Library of Belgium 8913:10.35632/ajiss.v32i1.260 7335: 7286:Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya 7140:Kitāb Kifāyah al-'Ābidīn 6851:violent strains of Islam 6788:Perception outside Islam 6693:governance of the jurist 6689:Islamic Republic of Iran 6669:religious discrimination 6554:Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi 6322:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 5662:'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 5654:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusawi 5527:Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi 5365:Shams al-Din al-Khuwayyi 4968:during the 12th century. 4568:The Seven stages of nafs 4329:Theoretical perspectives 3557: 3272:Jamiʿ karamat al-awliyaʾ 3123:The name of Muhammad in 2976:Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam 1648:The original meaning of 947:Medieval Islamic science 25499:New religious movements 25132:Theories about religion 25085:Evolutionary psychology 24114:Modern Finnish paganism 22059:Independent Catholicism 21350:Creationism (evolution) 19987:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 19383:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 19301:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 19073:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 18012:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 17970:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 17825:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 17229:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 17134:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 17124:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 16964:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 16919:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 16854:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 15090:Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri 14675:Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi 14483:'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani 13949:Oxford University Press 12551:Oxford University Press 12243:. London and New York: 12135:Oxford University Press 12089:Harry S. Neale (2022). 11964:Oxford University Press 11895:The Unlimited Mercifier 11610:Gibb, H. A. R. (1970). 11409:Retrieved 25 July 2022. 11148:Journal of Sufi Studies 11128:(2nd ed.). Brill. 10933:(2nd ed.). Brill. 10495:Hakim Moinuddin Chisti 10471:Abdullah Jawadi Amuli. 9698:Oxford University Press 9420:(2nd ed.). Brill. 8942:Ridgeon, Lloyd (2010). 7927:10.35632/ajis.v34i3.789 7797:Encyclopædia Britannica 7757:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 7427:Oxford University Press 7268: 7243:The Forty Rules of Love 7189:The Jewish Encyclopedia 7149:Guide for the Perplexed 6782:history of modern Egypt 6729:veneration of the tombs 6518:Al-Ta'wilat al-Najmiyya 6366:'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani 5993:Sharaf al-Din al-Munawi 5948:Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini 5887:Shams al-Din al-Sakhawi 5872:Burhan al-Din al-Biqa'i 5841:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 5638:Ibn al-'Imad al-Hanbali 5606:'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Munawi 5396:Diya' al-Din al-Maqdisi 5350:Zakiy al-Din al-Birzali 5220:'Abd al-Haqq al-Ishbili 4838:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 4833:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 4802:gave Gilani lessons in 4661:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya or 4249:has a sense similar to 4193:Zaouia Moulay Idriss II 3993:depicting the medieval 3295:, later venerated as a 2457:Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili 2425:Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi 2376:Al-Munqidh min al-dalal 2374:Al-Ghazali narrates in 2299:Islamic fundamentalists 1684:on linguistic grounds. 1612:), gave definitions of 34:Sufism (disambiguation) 26148:Bosnia and Herzegovina 24129:Erzyan native religion 23978:Unitarian Universalism 23357:Native American Church 22103:Oneness Pentecostalism 21610:Persecution of Muslims 21508:List of former Muslims 20357:Succession to Muhammad 19659:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 19241:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 18734:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 18229:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 17890:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 17885:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 17820:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 17780:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 17765:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 17445:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 17440:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 17199:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 17109:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 17104:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 17089:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 16959:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 16924:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 16849:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 15415: 15084:Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi 14931:'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid 14497:Baha' al-Din Naqshband 14197:Glassé, Cyril (2008). 13749:The Way of Serving God 13745:The Way of Serving God 12779:Daily Times (Pakistan) 12608:Harry S Neale (2016). 11884:Retrieved 17 July 2022 11242:Realities of The Heart 11126:Encyclopaedia of Islam 10931:Encyclopaedia of Islam 10349:Nemanja (2022-10-25). 9957:See Muhammad Emin Er, 9684:Voll, John O. (2009). 9418:Encyclopaedia of Islam 9306:Bloomsbury Publishing 9253:A Mística Islâmica em 8997:Ahmet T. Karamustafa, 8251:. pp. 1750–1751. 8125:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8075:Qamar-ul Huda (2003), 8000:"Sufism. ṢūfĪ Orders." 7998:Voll, John O. (2009). 7515:. Simon and Schuster. 7470:Anjum, Tanvir (2006). 7255:, one of the greatest 7225: 7096: 6958:, meaning perfection. 6833: 6811: 6797: 6664: 6168:al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya 6053:Books about Ibn 'Arabi 6021:Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya 5849:Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani 5794:'Ala' al-Dawla Simnani 5709:Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi 5550:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 5542:'Abd al-Rahman al-Jāmī 5488:Badr al-Din ibn Jama'a 5435:Admirers and defenders 5332:Baha' al-Din Ghazi b. 4969: 4888: 4780: 4686: 4658: 4522:is temporary state of 4338: 4217:In Islamic mysticism, 4113: 4013: 4010:Meetings of the Lovers 3898: 3846: 3769: 3748: 3726: 3573: 3535: 3518: 3488: 3398: 3375: 3363: 3254:or "wayfarer", in his 3229: 3204:Sufism and Islamic law 3128: 3117: 3028: 2987: 2916:Abdelkader El Djezairi 2889:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2872: 2722: 2656: 2566: 2412: 2385: 2311:Al-Risala al-Safadiyya 2277: 2266: 2261:Dancing dervishes, by 2020: 1809: 1666:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1410: 957:Succession to Muhammad 76: 26468:Saint Kitts and Nevis 25765:São Tomé and Príncipe 25625:Republic of the Congo 23826:Aboriginal Australian 22455:Chinese folk religion 21394:Conversion to mosques 21261:Alchemy and chemistry 19928:Wallace Fard Muhammad 18885:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 18392:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 18141:Early Muslim scholars 17949:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 17219:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 16969:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 16879:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 15414: 15150:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam 15114:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 15067:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi 15032:Abu al-Husain al-Nuri 14990:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi 14393:Shah, Idries (1970). 14117:Chopra, R.M. (2016). 13666:In Search of Muhammad 13639:In Search of Muhammad 12718:Bloomsbury Publishing 12652:arts.st-andrews.ac.uk 12305:Saeko Yazaki (2013). 12101:Bloomsbury Publishing 12031:Oneworld Publications 11987:University of Glasgow 9704:on November 24, 2012. 9566:Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 9349:Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 9191:10.1017/9781108582124 8676:Oneworld Publications 8292:Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 8010:on November 24, 2012. 7966:on February 19, 2013. 7824:Bos, Matthijs van den 7791:Schimmel, Annemarie. 7217:Tomb shrine of Rumi, 7216: 7172:movement) or Sufism ( 7078: 6816: 6807: 6795: 6630: 6623:Sufi–Salafi relations 6396:Al-Hikam al-'Ata'iyya 6347:vigour and liveliness 6315:Abu Na'im al-Isfahani 6268:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi 5857:Ibn Imam al-Kamiliyya 5818:Wali al-Din al-'Iraqi 5780:Critics and opponents 5717:Badr al-Din al-Hasani 5412:Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi 5404:Sa'd al-Din al-Hamawi 4950:A manuscript of Sufi 4949: 4883: 4772: 4743:Abdul Qadir al-Jilani 4676: 4648: 4336: 4111: 3988: 3971:Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan 3882: 3834: 3778:or physically active 3764: 3739: 3716: 3571: 3530: 3511: 3472: 3393: 3369: 3350: 3211: 3122: 3109: 3026: 2973: 2950:-born wandering Sufi 2863: 2708: 2631: 2534: 2395: 2380: 2272: 2260: 2015: 1923:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi 1919:Al-Junayd al-Baghdadi 1801: 1528:under the concept of 1510:Islamic jurisprudence 1402: 75: 26090:United Arab Emirates 24876:Religious experience 24250:Historical religions 23210:Four Mothers Society 22612:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 21944:Schwenkfelder Church 21120:Ma malakat aymanukum 20695:Association football 20594:Moderate Kharijites 19579:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 19374:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 18564:Theology of Twelvers 18409:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 17956:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 17755:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 17154:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 17144:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 17129:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 16949:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 16914:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 16904:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 16899:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 16874:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 15639:Raising hands in Dua 15026:Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi 15014:Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz 14511:Mu'in al-Din Chishti 14331:Smithsonian Magazine 13766:www.encyclopedia.com 13171:(January 25, 2009). 13023:"Sufism in the West" 12662:on 14 February 2023. 12386:on 4 February 2023. 12045:Simon & Schuster 11444:Sufism – Sufi orders 11230:al-Wasilat al-Fasila 11086:. Morocco World News 10729:Hashiyah at-Tahtaawi 10072:Aavani, Gholamreza, 9797:on November 19, 2012 8860:"Abū Hāshim al-Ṣūfī" 8750:The Path of Muhammad 8666:Brown, Jonathan A.C. 8368:Perennial philosophy 8325:Chittick, William C. 8321:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 8182:. pp. 659–680. 6976:Influence on Judaism 6945:Noble Eightfold Path 6645:Lal Shahbaz Qalandar 6613:Persecution of Sufis 5940:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 5598:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 5519:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 5441:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 5282:Al-Qasim ibn 'Asakir 5251:Ibn Rushd (Averroes) 5140:(the Fixed Entities) 5127:(the Complete Human) 4649:Depiction of Rabi'a 4599:Pledge of Allegiance 4138:Lal Shahbaz Qalandar 4006:Abu Hamid al-Ghazali 3977:all over the world. 3717:An Algerian Sufi in 3504:Devotional practices 3236:(exoteric "canon"), 2850:(Naqshbandiah), and 2599:Khoja Akhmet Yassawi 2571:Islamic civilization 2479:, with its founder, 1954:Said ibn al-Musayyib 1857:Abu Dharr al-Ghifari 1728:("the people of the 996:Association football 26483:Trinidad and Tobago 26378:Antigua and Barbuda 25546:Religion by country 24602:Cult of Magna Mater 23082:Philippine Dayawism 22663:Nimbarka Sampradaya 22411:Chinese Manichaeism 22083:Jehovah's Witnesses 21888:Proto-Protestantism 19808:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 19555:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 19527:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 19325:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 18987:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 18294:Other Salafi trends 18123:Musta'li Isma'ilism 18039:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 17430:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 17194:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 16844:Zakariyya al-Ansari 15096:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag 14949:Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad 14937:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya 14607:('Umar al-Khalwati) 14395:The Way of the Sufi 14301:Schimmel, Annemarie 14227:. Sophia Perennis. 14094:Chodkiewicz, Michel 13962:"Battle of Karbala" 13814:Jewish Encyclopedia 13260:Pew Research Center 12575:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 12336:Rana Safvi (2022). 11536:The Express Tribune 11407:Sayyed Aminul Qadri 10134:Attar, Fariduddin, 10116:Attar, Fariduddin, 9600:Arthur F. Buehler, 9302:Michael S. Pittman 7282:Khwaja Amir Khusrau 7055:Duties of the Heart 6828:, currently in the 6803:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 6776:; it is considered 6272:'Umar al-Suhrawardi 6214:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag 6209:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag 5833:Taqi al-Din al-Fasi 5768:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 5756:Gibril Fouad Haddad 5740:Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi 5566:Zakariyya al-Ansari 5514:(d. after 787/1385) 5235:Abu Zayd al-Suhayli 5204:Abu Tahir al-Silafi 5144:Al-Maratib al-Sab'a 5131:Al-A'yan al-Thabita 4931:Bahauddin Naqshband 4926:Bahauddin Naqshband 4641:Rabi'a Al-'Adawiyya 4632:List of Sufi saints 4122:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 4084:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya 3918:Indian subcontinent 3768:, at Rumi Fest 2007 3689:. This practice of 3658:(most famously the 3450:The Bustan by Saadi 3444:The Masnavi of Rumi 3353:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 3125:Islamic calligraphy 3088:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 2966:Aims and objectives 2750:Al-Azhar University 2527:Growth of influence 2461:Sayyid Ali Hamadani 2353:Al-Fuḍayl ibn ‘Iyāḍ 2295:Western orientalism 2263:Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād 2146:, which led to the 1974:List of Sufi orders 1852:Jonathan A.C. Brown 1742:al-Masjid an-Nabawi 757:Profession of Faith 730:Day of Resurrection 26750:Hinduism and Islam 26418:Dominican Republic 25464:Abrahamic prophets 24553:Proto-Indo-Iranian 23055:Aliran Kepercayaan 22258:Non-denominational 22180:Modernist Salafism 21866:Oriental Orthodoxy 21615:Quran and miracles 21529:Criticism of Islam 21233:Geometric patterns 21085:Gender segregation 20656:Non-denominational 20107:Other scholars of 19998:Islamic modernists 19972:Modernist Salafism 19628:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 19587:Abdullah ibn Saba' 19522:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 19407:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 19395:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 19386:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 19317:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 18639:Astarabadi (Naimi) 18369:Abdullah al-Harari 18323:Muhammad bin Dawud 18256:Syed Nazeer Husain 17991:Tabsirat al-Adilla 17905:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 17740:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 17587:Syed Nazeer Husain 17510:Salafi Theologians 17262:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 17234:Muhammad Abu Zahra 17019:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 16869:Abdul Qadir Gilani 16549:Sicilian Questions 16544:Meccan Revelations 16524:Dala'il al-Khayrat 16519:Al-Wabil al-Sayyib 15416: 15120:Bahadur Shah Zafar 15061:Abu Talib al-Makki 15055:Abu Bakr al-Shibli 15028:(d. 295 or 320 AH) 15016:(d. 277 or 286 AH) 14980:(d. 205 or 215 AH) 14871:Dala'il al-Khayrat 13998:The New York Times 13966:Brooklynmuseum.org 13158:, Routledge, p. 25 13156:Sufism in the West 12953:The New York Times 12918:Islamopedia Online 12841:The New York Times 12810:. 20 February 2017 12782:. 17 February 2017 12620:Palgrave Macmillan 12541:Aysha Hidayatullah 12499:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari 12235:Ian Richard Netton 11999:. pp. 75–76. 11485:"Thareeqush Shukr" 11228:Muhammad Emin Er, 11162:Muhammad Emin Er, 11047:Titus Burckhardt, 10586:Muhammad Emin Er, 10541:Touma 1996, p.162. 10305:Gibril F. Haddad, 10248:. pp. 778–795 10246:Amana Publications 10196:Muhammad Emin Er, 9842:Muhammad Emin Er, 9553:Leonard Lewisohn, 9518:Vincent J. Cornell 9445:Titus Burckhardt, 8982:Institut de France 8889:Masterton, Rebecca 8732:Massignon, Louis. 8484:on 27 January 2021 8279:Titus Burckhardt, 7350:Abu Nasr as-Sarraj 7226: 7125:Abraham Maimonides 6995:possibly contains 6834: 6798: 6761:("polytheistic"). 6745:("remembrance" of 6685:Republic of Turkey 6665: 6564:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari 6556:(d. ca. 728/1328). 6480:Lata'if al-Isharat 6436:day-to-day conduct 6373:'Awarif al-Ma'arif 6334:Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din 6299:Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din 6291:Abu Talib al-Makki 6240:Notable Sufi works 6040:Tarjumān al-Ashwāq 5903:Mulla 'Ali al-Qari 5153:(the Seven Grades) 5031:, and was born in 4970: 4914:along with Sultan 4889: 4844:order, introduced 4781: 4709:Junayd al-Baghdadi 4683:Rabi'a al-Adawiyya 4659: 4339: 4257:karāmāt al-awliyāʾ 4154:Bahauddin Zakariya 4114: 4014: 3899: 3829:orbiting the Sun. 3770: 3766:Whirling Dervishes 3727: 3652:instrumental music 3574: 3519: 3489: 3458:The Divān of Hafez 3376: 3364: 3232:Sufis believe the 3230: 3129: 3029: 2988: 2984:The City of Saints 2873: 2723: 2678:Süleymaniye Mosque 2657: 2567: 2505:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2481:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2433:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2413: 2369:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2322:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 2278: 2267: 1950:Abu Nasr as-Sarraj 1946:Harith al-Muhasibi 1921:. Others, such as 1411: 1403:Six Sufi masters, 81:Abdul Qadir Gilani 77: 26688: 26687: 26656: 26655: 26652: 26651: 25640:Equatorial Guinea 25536: 25535: 25532: 25531: 25070:Cognitive science 24689: 24688: 24622:Mysteries of Isis 24396:Frankish paganism 24239: 24238: 24235: 24234: 24231: 24230: 23983:White Brotherhood 23849: 23848: 23814: 23813: 23215:Keetoowah Society 23116:Sundanese Wiwitan 22933: 22932: 22929: 22928: 22658:Brahma Sampradaya 22620: 22619: 22423: 22422: 22419: 22418: 22401:Assianism/Uatsdin 22319: 22318: 22088:British Israelism 22074:Nontrinitarianism 22037:Plymouth Brethren 22032:Nondenominational 21966:Congregationalism 21854:Eastern Orthodoxy 21802:Reconstructionist 21666: 21665: 21632: 21631: 21628: 21627: 21600:Domestic violence 21590:Islamic terrorism 21585:Islamic extremism 21406: 21405: 21402: 21401: 21174: 21173: 21170: 21169: 20960:Marriage contract 20790: 20789: 20750:Political aspects 20479:Story of Prophets 20248:Prophets of Islam 20151: 20150: 20147: 20146: 20143: 20142: 20099: 20098: 19908:Muhammad Jaunpuri 19835: 19834: 19761:Sumāma ibn Ashras 19597: 19596: 19448:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 19423: 19422: 19293:Gaylān ibn Marwān 19190: 19189: 19042: 19041: 18705:Abdallah al-Aftah 18521: 18520: 18434: 18433: 18418:Necmettin Erbakan 18260:Siddiq Hasan Khan 18224:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 18158: 18157: 18154: 18153: 18132: 18131: 18072:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 18066:Tashih al-I'tiqad 17977:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 17913: 17912: 17895:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 17862:Idris Imad al-Din 17815:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 17790:Ruhollah Khomeini 17770:Zurarah ibn A'yan 17745:Sharif al-Murtaza 17733:Muhammad al-Mahdi 17718:Muhammad al-Jawad 17698:Muhammad al-Baqir 17599:Siddiq Hasan Khan 17575:Rabee al-Madkhali 17224:Murtada al-Zabidi 16999:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 16765: 16764: 16572: 16571: 16459: 16458: 16194:Sufis persecution 15236:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 15177: 15176: 15159: 15158: 15102:Muhammad al-Fateh 14996:Dhul-Nun al-Misri 14913:Ibrahim ibn Adham 14901:Al-Hasan al-Basri 14876:Fadha'il al-'Amal 14846:Hilyat al-Awliya' 14678: 14664: 14650: 14636: 14622: 14608: 14598: 14584: 14570: 14567:Ibrahim al-Desuqi 14556: 14542: 14528: 14514: 14500: 14486: 14415:978-1-13-810012-1 14359:978-0-8091-3619-3 14352:. Paulist Press. 14316:978-979-433-797-4 14255:978-1-55876-342-5 14234:978-0-900588-43-3 14210:978-0-7425-6296-7 14189:978-1-59473-002-3 14168:978-1-61069-177-2 14128:978-93-85083-52-5 14109:978-0-7914-2446-9 14085:978-1-78074-052-2 14070:Chittick, William 13710:978-1-5275-5748-2 13676:978-0-304-70401-9 13649:978-0-304-70401-9 13615:978-969-9795-28-2 13581:978-969-9795-18-3 13547:978-3-030-22692-3 13513:978-81-7625-476-2 13454:978-81-89833-18-3 13417:978-8-189-83318-3 13411:Aakar Books 2007 13407:Malika Mohammada 13141:978-0-595-23199-7 13036:978-1-107-01830-3 12443:"What Is Sufism?" 12133:. New York, USA: 11766:978-1-351-99740-9 11673:978-0-19-538207-5 11648:978-90-5356-015-0 11459:cite encyclopedia 11348:Rabi'a The Mystic 11346:Smith, Margaret. 11275:978-0-8356-0778-0 11232:, unpublished MS. 11192:978-1-929694-15-0 11172:978-0-9815196-1-6 10965:978-0-8108-6180-0 10786:My Religion Islam 10596:978-0-9815196-1-6 10505:978-0-89281-043-7 10459:978-0-946621-43-9 10438:978-0-9815196-0-9 10413:978-1-933764-03-0 10401:978-0-9702843-9-6 10272:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 10235:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 10206:978-0-9815196-0-9 10034:978-1-930409-23-1 9967:978-0-9815196-1-6 9944:978-969-9795-18-3 9917:978-0-300-03531-5 9876:978-1-930409-23-1 9852:978-0-9815196-1-6 9829:978-1-291-21521-2 9610:978-1-57003-783-2 9589:978-0-7914-6245-4 9542:978-0-8101-1226-1 9530:978-0-292-71209-6 9336:978-1-887752-27-5 9312:978-1-441-13113-3 9236:978-0-19-512058-5 9155:978-1-930409-23-1 9065:978-9960-897-12-7 8988:. Vol. 3, p. 209. 8955:978-1-136-97058-0 8828:978-0-7914-1515-3 8722:on July 24, 2009. 8437:on April 17, 2012 8431:"Sufism in Islam" 8266:978-1-4614-6087-9 8237:Leeming, David A. 8197:978-90-04-22187-1 7872:978-1-78738-134-6 7830:. Leiden: Brill. 7772:978-0-946621-57-6 7693:978-0-06-162599-2 7639:978-90-04-11211-7 7604:van Donzel, E. J. 7522:978-1-62055-001-4 7356:Junayd of Baghdad 7313:Battle of Karbala 7108:Chovot ha-Lebabot 7091:Journal Asiatique 7044:Jewish philosophy 7040: 7039: 7032: 6997:original research 6969:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 6899:Eastern religions 6847:Baylor University 6845:, a professor at 6749:) ceremonies are 6713:Islamic movements 6530:Najm al-Din Kubra 6511:Ruzbihan al-Baqli 6234:Abu Haggag Mosque 6157: 6156: 6121:Saints portal 6004: 5989: 5981: 5960: 5952: 5944: 5936: 5915: 5907: 5899: 5891: 5883: 5868: 5853: 5845: 5837: 5829: 5814: 5806: 5798: 5790: 5763:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 5752: 5744: 5736: 5728: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5693:Murtada al-Zabidi 5689: 5681: 5666: 5658: 5650: 5642: 5634: 5626: 5618: 5610: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5578: 5570: 5562: 5554: 5546: 5538: 5523: 5515: 5507: 5499: 5484: 5476: 5468: 5453: 5445: 5424: 5416: 5408: 5400: 5392: 5384: 5376: 5361: 5346: 5338: 5316: 5308: 5293: 5278: 5263: 5255: 5247: 5239: 5231: 5216: 5208: 5200: 5125:Al-Insan al-Kamil 5114:Mystical theories 5094:Ibn 'Arabi Mosque 5043:. After making a 4977:Sidi Ahmed Tijani 4908:Nizamuddin Auliya 4892:Moinuddin Chishti 4876:Moinuddin Chishti 4739:Ibrahim al-Desuqi 4734:Ibrahim al-Desuqi 4704:Junayd of Baghdad 4170:Nizamuddin Auliya 4162:Moinuddin Chishti 3991:Persian miniature 3880: 3407:Junayd of Baghdad 3301:Iberian Peninsula 3146:Attar of Nishapur 3045:al-Insan al-Kamil 2924:El Hadj Umar Tall 2836:Sarwari Qadiriyya 2781:Junayd of Baghdad 2607:Attar of Nishapur 2449:Moinuddin Chishti 2357:Ibrahim ibn Adham 2154:throughout Iran. 2096:Ali ibn Abi Talib 2079:al-Insān al-Kāmil 1876:Umayyad Caliphate 1837:Junayd of Baghdad 1792: 1754:History of Sufism 1552:Islamic movements 1547:and attacks from 1494:Umayyad Caliphate 1467:spiritual station 1366: 1346: 1327: 1326: 1257:Deobandi jihadism 662: 661: 104:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 16:(Redirected from 26757: 26717: 26716: 26715: 26705: 26704: 26696: 26678: 26668: 26667: 26546:Papua New Guinea 26521:Marshall Islands 26348:Northern Ireland 25553: 25552: 25542: 25541: 25426:Secular theology 25421:Secular humanism 24706: 24705: 24695: 24694: 24570:Ancestral Pueblo 24245: 24244: 23864: 23863: 23541: 23540: 22944: 22943: 22700:Shaiva Siddhanta 22631: 22630: 22564:Korean shamanism 22443: 22442: 22434: 22433: 22330: 22329: 22243:Mahdawi movement 22113:Swedenborgianism 22093:Christadelphians 21739: 21738: 21730: 21729: 21721: 21720: 21708: 21707: 21693: 21686: 21679: 21670: 21669: 21656: 21655: 21648:Islam portal 21646: 21645: 21644: 21426: 21425: 21418: 21412: 21411: 21253:Medieval science 21196: 21195: 21186: 21180: 21179: 20837:Economic history 20820: 20819: 20796: 20795: 20782:Islam by country 20567:Bektashi Alevism 20205: 20204: 20196:Outline of Islam 20178: 20171: 20164: 20155: 20154: 19850: 19849: 19616: 19615: 19434: 19433: 19410:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 19392:Awn ibn Abdullāh 19379:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 19349:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 19215: 19214: 19059: 19058: 19028:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 18997:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 18966:Khashabiyya Shia 18902:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 18860:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 18643:Imadaddin Nasimi 18548: 18547: 18445: 18444: 18316:Salafi Modernism 18219:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 18186: 18185: 18177: 18176: 18164: 18163: 18060:Awail Al Maqalat 17942:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 17922: 17921: 17852:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 17807:Isma'ili Shi'ism 17795:Wilayat al-faqih 17775:Hisham ibn Hakam 17760:Allamah Al-Hilli 16984:Muhammad Mayyara 16776: 16775: 16646: 16645: 16639: 16638: 16614: 16613: 16606:Islamic theology 16599: 16592: 16585: 16576: 16575: 16529:Hikam al-Ataiyya 16486: 16479: 16472: 16463: 16462: 16184:Sufi metaphysics 16140: 16082: 15973: 15941: 15929: 15867: 15855: 15843: 15781: 15754: 15742: 15730: 15718: 15691: 15679: 15657: 15615: 15603: 15586: 15574: 15449: 15437: 15393: 15330:Nass al-Houdhour 15321: 15294: 15204: 15197: 15190: 15181: 15180: 15169: 15132:Emir Abdel-Kader 14961:Ma'ruf al-Karkhi 14955:Shaqiq al-Balkhi 14919:Sufyan al-Thawri 14891: 14890: 14689: 14672: 14658: 14644: 14630: 14616: 14606: 14592: 14578: 14564: 14550: 14536: 14522: 14508: 14494: 14480: 14453: 14446: 14439: 14430: 14429: 14419: 14398: 14389: 14363: 14339: 14334:. Archived from 14320: 14296: 14259: 14238: 14214: 14193: 14172: 14151: 14132: 14113: 14089: 14065: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14038: 14023: 14017: 14016: 14014: 14013: 13988: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13977: 13958: 13952: 13945: 13939: 13938: 13936: 13934: 13917: 13911: 13910: 13884: 13878: 13877: 13875: 13874: 13852: 13846: 13845: 13837: 13831: 13830:, p. 14-15. 13825: 13819: 13818: 13809: 13803: 13802: 13800: 13798: 13782: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13772: 13758: 13752: 13740: 13734: 13728: 13722: 13721: 13719: 13717: 13694: 13688: 13687: 13685: 13683: 13660: 13654: 13653: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13622: 13599: 13593: 13592: 13590: 13588: 13565: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13554: 13531: 13525: 13524: 13522: 13520: 13497: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13486: 13472: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13461: 13438: 13432: 13426: 13420: 13405: 13399: 13393: 13387: 13386:, p. 28-29. 13381: 13375: 13374: 13346: 13340: 13339: 13337: 13335: 13319: 13313: 13312: 13310: 13308: 13302: 13294:RAND Corporation 13291: 13282: 13276: 13275: 13273: 13271: 13252: 13246: 13245: 13243: 13241: 13232:. Dec 18, 2008. 13222: 13216: 13215: 13213: 13211: 13195: 13189: 13188: 13186: 13184: 13173:"Mystical power" 13165: 13159: 13152: 13146: 13145: 13125: 13119: 13118: 13116: 13114: 13091: 13085: 13084: 13082: 13081: 13053: 13047: 13045: 13044: 13043: 13018: 13012: 13011: 13009: 13008: 12994: 12988: 12987: 12979: 12970: 12969: 12967: 12965: 12943: 12934: 12933: 12931: 12929: 12920:. Archived from 12910: 12904: 12903: 12901: 12899: 12892:November 5, 2012 12883: 12877: 12876: 12864: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12853: 12831: 12820: 12819: 12817: 12815: 12798: 12792: 12791: 12789: 12787: 12770: 12764: 12763: 12761: 12759: 12738: 12732: 12731: 12704: 12698: 12697: 12670: 12664: 12663: 12658:. Archived from 12644: 12638: 12637: 12605: 12599: 12598: 12571: 12565: 12564: 12537: 12531: 12530: 12519:. pp. 3–4. 12495: 12489: 12488: 12465: 12459: 12458: 12453:. Archived from 12447:institute.global 12439: 12433: 12432: 12401: 12395: 12394: 12372: 12366: 12365: 12333: 12327: 12326: 12302: 12296: 12295: 12265: 12259: 12258: 12231: 12225: 12224: 12193: 12187: 12186: 12155: 12149: 12148: 12121: 12115: 12114: 12099:, an imprint of 12086: 12080: 12079: 12066:Brill Publishers 12055: 12049: 12048: 12021:Leonard Lewisohn 12017: 12011: 12010: 11982: 11976: 11975: 11949: 11943: 11942: 11941:. 11 March 2023. 11931: 11925: 11924: 11913: 11907: 11904: 11898: 11891: 11885: 11882:Zinda Shah Madar 11879: 11873: 11872: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11823: 11817: 11816: 11796: 11787: 11786: 11777: 11771: 11770: 11750: 11741: 11738: 11732: 11729: 11723: 11720: 11714: 11711: 11705: 11702: 11696: 11693: 11687: 11684: 11678: 11677: 11659: 11653: 11652: 11634: 11628: 11627: 11607: 11601: 11600: 11580: 11574: 11573: 11553: 11547: 11546: 11544: 11543: 11528: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11503: 11497: 11496: 11494: 11492: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11468: 11464: 11462: 11454: 11452: 11451: 11439: 11433: 11432: 11416: 11410: 11395: 11389: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11370: 11364: 11357: 11351: 11344: 11338: 11331: 11325: 11324: 11318: 11314: 11312: 11304: 11284: 11278: 11263: 11257: 11251: 11245: 11239: 11233: 11226: 11220: 11201: 11195: 11180: 11174: 11160: 11151: 11150:1 (2012), p. 123 11144: 11138: 11137: 11121: 11112: 11111: 11101: 11095: 11094: 11092: 11091: 11079: 11073: 11072: 11070: 11069: 11058: 11052: 11045: 11036: 11029: 11023: 11016: 11010: 11003: 10997: 10990: 10984: 10983: 10974: 10972: 10949: 10943: 10942: 10925: 10919: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10890: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10880: 10865: 10859: 10858: 10840: 10834: 10833: 10825: 10816: 10815: 10803: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10792: 10778: 10772: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10761:Seekers Guidance 10752: 10746: 10739: 10733: 10732: 10725: 10719: 10718: 10710: 10704: 10703: 10698: 10696: 10681: 10675: 10674: 10668: 10666: 10651: 10638: 10637: 10630: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10605: 10599: 10584: 10578: 10577: 10572:. Archived from 10566: 10560: 10559: 10554:. Archived from 10548: 10542: 10539: 10533: 10532: 10530: 10528: 10519:. Archived from 10513: 10507: 10493: 10487: 10486: 10484: 10483: 10477: 10468: 10462: 10447: 10441: 10422: 10416: 10389: 10383: 10382: 10371: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10361: 10346: 10340: 10330: 10324: 10318: 10312: 10303: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10289: 10280: 10264: 10258: 10257: 10255: 10253: 10243: 10227: 10221: 10215: 10209: 10194: 10188: 10187: 10168: 10159: 10158: 10156: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10131: 10125: 10124: 10113: 10107: 10106: 10096: 10090: 10084: 10078: 10077: 10069: 10063: 10057: 10048: 10042: 10036: 10022: 10016: 10015: 9989: 9983: 9976: 9970: 9955: 9949: 9948: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9905: 9892: 9883: 9860: 9854: 9840: 9834: 9833: 9813: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9802: 9793:. Archived from 9783: 9777: 9774:Chodkiewicz 1995 9771: 9765: 9759: 9753: 9752:, p. 184–6. 9747: 9741: 9727: 9721: 9720: 9712: 9706: 9705: 9700:. Archived from 9690:John L. Esposito 9681: 9670: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9619: 9613: 9598: 9592: 9577: 9571: 9564: 9558: 9551: 9545: 9514: 9508: 9507: 9500: 9494: 9493: 9482: 9476: 9469: 9463: 9456: 9450: 9443: 9434: 9429: 9412: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9402: 9393:. Archived from 9379: 9370: 9363: 9354: 9347: 9341: 9340: 9320: 9314: 9300: 9294: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9267: 9247: 9241: 9240: 9222: 9213: 9212: 9178: 9169: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9138: 9132: 9131: 9129: 9128: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9101: 9095: 9089: 9070: 9069: 9049: 9043: 9037: 9031: 9016: 9010: 8995: 8989: 8967: 8961: 8959: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8885: 8874: 8873: 8872: 8871: 8855: 8849: 8848: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8809: 8803: 8797: 8788: 8787: 8769: 8760: 8743: 8737: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8718:. Archived from 8707: 8701: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8662: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8651: 8637: 8631: 8630: 8610: 8604: 8603: 8601: 8600: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8571: 8565: 8564: 8544: 8538: 8537: 8528: 8522: 8521: 8503: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8474: 8468: 8465: 8459: 8453: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8427: 8421: 8415: 8409: 8391: 8382: 8376: 8370: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8316: 8310: 8303: 8297: 8290: 8284: 8277: 8271: 8270: 8243:(2nd ed.). 8232: 8226: 8219: 8210: 8209: 8180:Brill Publishers 8167: 8161: 8160: 8139:Brill Publishers 8120: 8114: 8107: 8101: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8057: 8044: 8043: 8042:on June 3, 2010. 8027: 8012: 8011: 7995: 7986: 7985: 7977: 7968: 7967: 7962:. Archived from 7951: 7940: 7939: 7929: 7905: 7899: 7898: 7892: 7884: 7856: 7850: 7849: 7820: 7811: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7788: 7777: 7776: 7753: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7713: 7705: 7677: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7653: 7644: 7643: 7622:Brill Publishers 7616:. Vol. 10. 7608:Heinrichs, W. P. 7595: 7574: 7573: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7467: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7407: 7396: 7395: 7388: 7371: 7362:Ruwaym ibn Ahmad 7346: 7119:Chovot HaLevavot 7094: 7073:Chovot HaLevavot 7070:under the title 7064:Judah ibn Tibbon 7060:Bahya ibn Paquda 7035: 7028: 7024: 7021: 7015: 7012:inline citations 6988: 6987: 6980: 6964:Mansur al-Hallaj 6863:RAND Corporation 6859:Muslim extremist 6826:satirical figure 6595:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba 6579: 6538:Najm al-Din Razi 6534:jointly-authored 6526: 6507: 6488: 6469: 6404: 6381: 6362: 6343:history of Islam 6287: 6264: 6195:Mansur Al-Hallaj 6190:Mansur Al-Hallaj 6149: 6142: 6135: 6119: 6118: 6117: 6107:Islam portal 6105: 6104: 6103: 6093: 6092: 6080: 6079: 6036: 6002: 6001: 5987: 5979: 5958: 5950: 5942: 5934: 5913: 5905: 5897: 5889: 5881: 5880: 5866: 5865: 5851: 5843: 5835: 5827: 5826: 5812: 5804: 5796: 5788: 5750: 5742: 5734: 5726: 5725: 5711: 5703: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5678: 5670:Mustafa al-Bakri 5664: 5656: 5648: 5640: 5632: 5624: 5616: 5614:Ahmad al-Maqqari 5608: 5600: 5592: 5584: 5576: 5568: 5560: 5552: 5544: 5536: 5535: 5521: 5513: 5505: 5497: 5496: 5482: 5474: 5466: 5465: 5457:Ibn al-Zamalkani 5451: 5443: 5422: 5414: 5406: 5398: 5390: 5382: 5374: 5373: 5359: 5358: 5344: 5336: 5314: 5306: 5305: 5291: 5290: 5276: 5275: 5261: 5253: 5245: 5237: 5229: 5228: 5214: 5206: 5198: 5179: 5171:Wahdat al-Shuhud 5158:Related articles 5152: 5139: 5099:Konya Manuscript 5063: 5062: 5014:Sayyid Badiuddin 5009:Sayyed Badiuddin 4957:Shams al-Ma'arif 4952:Islamic theology 4774:Geometric tiling 4684: 4468:Sufi metaphysics 4406:Muhammad Emin Er 4237: 4236: 4228: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4032: 3954:, among others. 3932:Indian classical 3881: 3806: 3805: 3729:The practice of 3389:William Chittick 3290:jurist and judge 3176:Qaṣīdat al-Burda 3114:Mansur Al-Hallaj 2960:George Gurdjieff 2713:photographed by 2700:Wahhabi movement 2537:Mughal miniature 2407:(c. 1650–1660), 2361:Ma`ruf al-Karkhi 2347:like his fellow 2089:Absolute Reality 2082: 2070: 2062: 2055:They strive for 2051: 2045: 2037: 2029: 2001: 1993: 1985: 1933:(purification). 1915:Jabir ibn Hayyan 1839:regarded Ali as 1787: 1785: 1716: 1715: 1700: 1699: 1693: 1682: 1662: 1654: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1574:The Arabic word 1539: 1484: 1476: 1464: 1453:linking back to 1448: 1440: 1432: 1424: 1418: 1417: 1409: 1406: 1371: 1361: 1359: 1351: 1341: 1339: 1319: 1312: 1305: 1291:Islam portal 1289: 1288: 1287: 687: 664: 663: 654: 647: 640: 628:Islam portal 626: 625: 624: 559:Topics in Sufism 231:Sufi metaphysics 107: 106: 66: 60: 59: 46: 45: 21: 26765: 26764: 26760: 26759: 26758: 26756: 26755: 26754: 26725: 26724: 26723: 26713: 26711: 26699: 26691: 26689: 26684: 26648: 26575: 26556:Solomon Islands 26492: 26364: 26268:North Macedonia 26109: 25834: 25547: 25528: 25489:Mass gatherings 25457: 25452: 25445: 25384: 25379: 25370: 25304:Religiocentrism 25284:National church 25152: 25149: 25141: 25056: 25049: 24986: 24908:Bodies of water 24700: 24685: 24470:Jamaican Maroon 24252: 24227: 24164: 23994: 23987: 23858: 23856: 23845: 23810: 23784:Trinidad Orisha 23569: 23562: 23535: 23528: 23455: 23418: 23404:Washat Dreamers 23127: 23120: 23016: 22998: 22925: 22899:Srilankan Vedda 22850: 22778: 22653:Sri Vaishnavism 22616: 22578: 22550: 22508: 22415: 22389: 22356: 22315: 22269: 22194:Twelver Shi'ism 22136: 21998:Neo-charismatic 21971:Presbyterianism 21823: 21715: 21702: 21697: 21667: 21662: 21642: 21640: 21624: 21546:Cultural Muslim 21517: 21484: 21430:Other religions 21420: 21416: 21398: 21333: 21300: 21247: 21190: 21188:Islamic studies 21184: 21166: 21000: 20945: 20922: 20869: 20814: 20813: 20786: 20735:Moral teachings 20678: 20660: 20634:Nation of Islam 20547:Twelver Shi'ism 20484: 20450:Religious texts 20444: 20362:Early conquests 20345: 20327: 20279: 20199: 20188: 20182: 20152: 20139: 20095: 20052: 20023:Ahmed Raza Khan 20004: 19958: 19948:Fethullah Gülen 19923:Nation of Islam 19844: 19841: 19831: 19774: 19751:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 19679: 19671: 19609: 19605: 19593: 19514:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 19484: 19419: 19404:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 19362: 19279: 19208: 19205: 19202: 19198: 19186: 19137: 19050: 19038: 18972: 18846: 18839: 18807:Hassan-i Sabbah 18690: 18682: 18554: 18541: 18537: 18533: 18529: 18517: 18482:Hasan al-Utrush 18430: 18396:Ahmed Raza Khan 18342: 18334: 18241:Dawud al-Zahiri 18192: 18171: 18150: 18128: 18077: 18024: 17984:Kitab al-Tawhid 17909: 17871: 17801: 17728:Hasan al-Askari 17703:Ja'far al-Sadiq 17665:Twelver Shi'ism 17659: 17631:Salafi Jihadism 17626:Osama bin Laden 17609:Safar Al-Hawali 17570:Saleh Al-Fawzan 17504: 17474: 17467:Sahib ibn Abbad 17462:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 17427:Ja'far ibn Harb 17392:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 17389: 17381: 17349: 17310:ī (Muqātilīyya) 17290: 17248: 17204:Shah Abdul Aziz 17077: 17069: 17023: 17009:Ahmad al-Dardir 16894:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 16782: 16761: 16733: 16705: 16672: 16633: 16632: 16608: 16603: 16573: 16568: 16495: 16490: 16460: 16455: 16369: 16218: 16209:Sufi psychology 16199:Sufi philosophy 16179:Sufi literature 16134: 16120: 16076: 16022: 15986: 15967: 15935: 15923: 15861: 15849: 15837: 15811: 15775: 15748: 15736: 15724: 15712: 15685: 15673: 15651: 15609: 15597: 15580: 15568: 15547: 15443: 15431: 15417: 15406: 15387: 15385:The Seven ranks 15315: 15288: 15214: 15208: 15178: 15173: 15155: 15144:Omar al-Mukhtar 15072: 15037: 15020:Sahl al-Tustari 14966: 14907:Malik ibn Dinar 14880: 14851:Kashf al-Mahjub 14833:Sufi literature 14827: 14823:Sufi philosophy 14756: 14690: 14681: 14661:Ahmad al-Tijani 14553:Ahmad al-Badawi 14539:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 14462: 14457: 14427: 14422: 14416: 14386: 14360: 14317: 14309:. Noura Books. 14256: 14235: 14211: 14190: 14169: 14148: 14129: 14110: 14086: 14051: 14046: 14045: 14036: 14034: 14025: 14024: 14020: 14011: 14009: 13989: 13985: 13975: 13973: 13970:Brooklyn Museum 13960: 13959: 13955: 13946: 13942: 13932: 13930: 13918: 13914: 13899: 13885: 13881: 13872: 13870: 13854: 13853: 13849: 13838: 13834: 13826: 13822: 13811: 13810: 13806: 13796: 13794: 13783: 13779: 13770: 13768: 13760: 13759: 13755: 13741: 13737: 13729: 13725: 13715: 13713: 13711: 13695: 13691: 13681: 13679: 13677: 13661: 13657: 13650: 13634: 13630: 13620: 13618: 13616: 13600: 13596: 13586: 13584: 13582: 13566: 13562: 13552: 13550: 13548: 13532: 13528: 13518: 13516: 13514: 13498: 13494: 13484: 13482: 13473: 13469: 13459: 13457: 13455: 13439: 13435: 13427: 13423: 13406: 13402: 13394: 13390: 13382: 13378: 13347: 13343: 13333: 13331: 13320: 13316: 13306: 13304: 13300: 13289: 13283: 13279: 13269: 13267: 13254: 13253: 13249: 13239: 13237: 13224: 13223: 13219: 13209: 13207: 13196: 13192: 13182: 13180: 13169:Jenkins, Philip 13166: 13162: 13153: 13149: 13142: 13126: 13122: 13112: 13110: 13108: 13092: 13088: 13079: 13077: 13070: 13054: 13050: 13041: 13039: 13037: 13019: 13015: 13006: 13004: 12996: 12995: 12991: 12980: 12973: 12963: 12961: 12944: 12937: 12927: 12925: 12912: 12911: 12907: 12897: 12895: 12884: 12880: 12865: 12861: 12851: 12849: 12832: 12823: 12813: 12811: 12800: 12799: 12795: 12785: 12783: 12772: 12771: 12767: 12757: 12755: 12739: 12735: 12728: 12705: 12701: 12694: 12686:. p. 358. 12671: 12667: 12646: 12645: 12641: 12634: 12624:Springer Nature 12606: 12602: 12595: 12572: 12568: 12561: 12538: 12534: 12527: 12496: 12492: 12482: 12466: 12462: 12457:on 15 May 2021. 12441: 12440: 12436: 12429: 12402: 12398: 12374: 12373: 12369: 12358: 12334: 12330: 12323: 12315:. p. 129. 12303: 12299: 12289: 12266: 12262: 12255: 12247:. p. 276. 12232: 12228: 12221: 12213:. p. 170. 12197:Aaron W. Hughes 12194: 12190: 12183: 12175:. p. 401. 12167:. New York and 12156: 12152: 12145: 12137:. p. 424. 12125:Jay L. Garfield 12122: 12118: 12111: 12103:. p. 122. 12087: 12083: 12076: 12056: 12052: 12041: 12029:. Vol. 1. 12018: 12014: 12007: 11985:Lloyd Ridgeon, 11983: 11979: 11950: 11946: 11933: 11932: 11928: 11915: 11914: 11910: 11905: 11901: 11892: 11888: 11880: 11876: 11859: 11855: 11840: 11824: 11820: 11797: 11790: 11779: 11778: 11774: 11767: 11751: 11744: 11739: 11735: 11730: 11726: 11721: 11717: 11712: 11708: 11703: 11699: 11694: 11690: 11685: 11681: 11674: 11660: 11656: 11649: 11635: 11631: 11624: 11608: 11604: 11597: 11581: 11577: 11570: 11554: 11550: 11541: 11539: 11530: 11529: 11525: 11515: 11513: 11511:Deenislam.co.uk 11505: 11504: 11500: 11490: 11488: 11483: 11482: 11478: 11466: 11465: 11456: 11455: 11449: 11447: 11441: 11440: 11436: 11417: 11413: 11396: 11392: 11382: 11380: 11372: 11371: 11367: 11358: 11354: 11345: 11341: 11332: 11328: 11316: 11315: 11306: 11305: 11301: 11285: 11281: 11264: 11260: 11252: 11248: 11240: 11236: 11227: 11223: 11202: 11198: 11181: 11177: 11161: 11154: 11145: 11141: 11122: 11115: 11102: 11098: 11089: 11087: 11080: 11076: 11067: 11065: 11060: 11059: 11055: 11046: 11039: 11030: 11026: 11017: 11013: 11004: 11000: 10991: 10987: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10950: 10946: 10926: 10922: 10909: 10905: 10894:"Mawrid Reader" 10892: 10891: 10887: 10878: 10876: 10867: 10866: 10862: 10855: 10841: 10837: 10826: 10819: 10804: 10800: 10790: 10788: 10780: 10779: 10775: 10765: 10763: 10753: 10749: 10740: 10736: 10727: 10726: 10722: 10711: 10707: 10694: 10692: 10682: 10678: 10664: 10662: 10652: 10641: 10632: 10631: 10627: 10618: 10616: 10607: 10606: 10602: 10585: 10581: 10568: 10567: 10563: 10550: 10549: 10545: 10540: 10536: 10526: 10524: 10515: 10514: 10510: 10494: 10490: 10481: 10479: 10475: 10469: 10465: 10448: 10444: 10424:The meaning of 10423: 10419: 10390: 10386: 10373: 10372: 10368: 10359: 10357: 10347: 10343: 10331: 10327: 10319: 10315: 10304: 10297: 10287: 10285: 10278: 10265: 10261: 10251: 10249: 10241: 10228: 10224: 10216: 10212: 10195: 10191: 10185: 10169: 10162: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10143: 10132: 10128: 10114: 10110: 10097: 10093: 10085: 10081: 10070: 10066: 10058: 10051: 10043: 10039: 10023: 10019: 10004: 9990: 9986: 9977: 9973: 9956: 9952: 9945: 9929: 9925: 9918: 9893: 9886: 9861: 9857: 9841: 9837: 9830: 9814: 9810: 9800: 9798: 9785: 9784: 9780: 9776:, Introduction. 9772: 9768: 9760: 9756: 9748: 9744: 9728: 9724: 9713: 9709: 9682: 9673: 9665:Victor Danner, 9664: 9660: 9650: 9648: 9643: 9642: 9638: 9628: 9626: 9621: 9620: 9616: 9599: 9595: 9578: 9574: 9565: 9561: 9552: 9548: 9515: 9511: 9502: 9501: 9497: 9484: 9483: 9479: 9470: 9466: 9460:What is Sufism? 9457: 9453: 9444: 9437: 9413: 9409: 9400: 9398: 9381: 9380: 9373: 9367:What is Sufism? 9364: 9357: 9348: 9344: 9337: 9321: 9317: 9301: 9297: 9284: 9280: 9272: 9265: 9248: 9244: 9237: 9223: 9216: 9201: 9179: 9172: 9167: 9163: 9156: 9139: 9135: 9126: 9124: 9117: 9116: 9112: 9103: 9102: 9098: 9090: 9073: 9066: 9050: 9046: 9038: 9034: 9030:, 9781403960276 9017: 9013: 8996: 8992: 8968: 8964: 8956: 8940: 8936: 8886: 8877: 8869: 8867: 8856: 8852: 8841: 8840: 8836: 8829: 8810: 8806: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8770: 8763: 8752:, WorldWisdom, 8744: 8740: 8731: 8727: 8716:IslamOnline.net 8708: 8704: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8663: 8659: 8649: 8647: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8627: 8619:. Tauba Press. 8611: 8607: 8598: 8596: 8588: 8587: 8583: 8572: 8568: 8561: 8545: 8541: 8530: 8529: 8525: 8518: 8504: 8497: 8487: 8485: 8476: 8475: 8471: 8466: 8462: 8454: 8450: 8440: 8438: 8429: 8428: 8424: 8416: 8412: 8399:New Westminster 8392: 8385: 8377: 8373: 8362: 8358: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8317: 8313: 8307:What is Sufism? 8304: 8300: 8291: 8287: 8278: 8274: 8267: 8249:Springer Verlag 8233: 8229: 8223:What is Sufism? 8220: 8213: 8198: 8168: 8164: 8157: 8133:. Vol. V. 8121: 8117: 8108: 8104: 8099: 8095: 8089: 8073: 8069: 8058: 8047: 8028: 8015: 7996: 7989: 7978: 7971: 7954:Howell, Julia. 7952: 7943: 7906: 7902: 7886: 7885: 7873: 7857: 7853: 7838: 7821: 7814: 7801: 7799: 7789: 7780: 7773: 7754: 7747: 7738: 7736: 7728: 7727: 7723: 7707: 7706: 7694: 7678: 7674: 7664: 7662: 7655: 7654: 7647: 7640: 7600:Bosworth, C. E. 7596: 7577: 7542:Studia Islamica 7534: 7530: 7523: 7507: 7503: 7476:Islamic Studies 7468: 7464: 7454: 7452: 7445: 7408: 7399: 7390: 7389: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7374: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7305: 7299: 7271: 7211: 7206: 7095: 7088: 7046: 7036: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7001: 6989: 6985: 6978: 6952:Bayazid Bostami 6921:Advaita Vedanta 6917:Waḥdat al-Wujūd 6895: 6889: 6877:Hermes of Egypt 6790: 6625: 6615: 6609: 6604: 6597:(d. 1224/1809). 6573: 6566:(d. 1014/1606). 6520: 6501: 6482: 6473:Sahl al-Tustari 6463: 6445: 6398: 6375: 6356: 6281: 6258: 6248: 6246:Sufi literature 6242: 6211: 6192: 6179:wahdat al-wujud 6153: 6115: 6113: 6101: 6099: 6069: 6068: 6030: 6016: 6008: 6007: 5995: 5972: 5964: 5963: 5927: 5919: 5918: 5874: 5859: 5820: 5781: 5773: 5772: 5719: 5685:Hamid al-'Imadi 5672: 5590:Ebussuud Efendi 5574:Ibn Kamal Pasha 5529: 5490: 5459: 5436: 5428: 5427: 5380:Ibn al-Dubaythi 5367: 5352: 5328: 5320: 5319: 5299: 5284: 5269: 5222: 5191: 5183: 5182: 5173: 5164:Wahdat-al-Wujud 5146: 5133: 5115: 5061: 5011: 5000: 4944: 4942:Ahmad Al-Tijani 4928: 4878: 4835: 4767: 4751:Ahmed al-Badawi 4747:Ahmed al-Rifa’i 4736: 4720:Bayazid Bastami 4717: 4715:Bayazid Bastami 4706: 4685: 4682: 4643: 4638: 4628: 4626:Prominent Sufis 4583:Sufi psychology 4476: 4416:Ja'far al-Sadiq 4412:Sufi psychology 4390: 4331: 4265: 4215: 4209: 4106: 4100: 4020: 3983: 3895:Iraqi Kurdistan 3872: 3870: 3864:is prohibited. 3759: 3753: 3723:Eugène Girardet 3721:. La prière by 3711: 3705: 3628:ceremonies, or 3566: 3560: 3506: 3473:The mausoleum ( 3467: 3403: 3345: 3299:throughout the 3206: 3185: 3108: 3021: 3000:divine presence 2968: 2788:Madariyya Order 2754:Zaytuna College 2695: 2556:King of England 2529: 2441:Ahmed al-Rifa'i 2390: 2255: 2073:regard Muhammad 2008:Islamic prophet 1976: 1968:Main articles: 1966: 1938:Uwais al-Qarani 1895:Bayazid Bastami 1872:Islamic history 1835:. Furthermore, 1761: 1756: 1750: 1646: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1572: 1490:Islamic history 1407: 1323: 1285: 1283: 1276: 1275: 1252:Salafi jihadism 1210:Other religions 1205:Arabic language 1167: 1157: 1156: 1085:Moral teachings 976: 962: 961: 952:Spread of Islam 897: 887: 886: 874:(jurisprudence) 856:Qisas al-Anbiya 805: 804: 784: 783: 752: 742: 741: 697: 658: 622: 620: 615: 614: 560: 552: 551: 532: 524: 523: 494:Haqqani Anjuman 334: 324: 323: 279: 271: 270: 246:Sufi psychology 236:Sufi philosophy 92: 84: 83:, Baghdad, Iraq 62: 61: 50: 49: 44: 37: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 26763: 26753: 26752: 26747: 26742: 26737: 26722: 26721: 26709: 26686: 26685: 26683: 26682: 26672: 26661: 26658: 26657: 26654: 26653: 26650: 26649: 26647: 26646: 26641: 26636: 26631: 26626: 26621: 26616: 26611: 26606: 26601: 26596: 26591: 26585: 26583: 26577: 26576: 26574: 26573: 26568: 26563: 26558: 26553: 26548: 26543: 26538: 26533: 26528: 26523: 26518: 26513: 26508: 26502: 26500: 26494: 26493: 26491: 26490: 26485: 26480: 26475: 26470: 26465: 26460: 26455: 26450: 26445: 26440: 26435: 26430: 26425: 26420: 26415: 26410: 26405: 26400: 26395: 26390: 26385: 26380: 26374: 26372: 26366: 26365: 26363: 26362: 26361: 26360: 26355: 26350: 26345: 26338:United Kingdom 26335: 26330: 26325: 26320: 26315: 26310: 26305: 26300: 26295: 26290: 26285: 26280: 26275: 26270: 26265: 26260: 26255: 26250: 26245: 26240: 26235: 26230: 26225: 26220: 26215: 26210: 26205: 26200: 26195: 26190: 26185: 26180: 26175: 26170: 26165: 26160: 26155: 26150: 26145: 26140: 26135: 26130: 26125: 26119: 26117: 26111: 26110: 26108: 26107: 26102: 26097: 26092: 26087: 26082: 26077: 26072: 26067: 26062: 26057: 26052: 26047: 26042: 26037: 26032: 26027: 26022: 26017: 26012: 26007: 26002: 25997: 25992: 25987: 25982: 25977: 25972: 25967: 25966: 25965: 25960: 25950: 25945: 25940: 25935: 25930: 25925: 25920: 25915: 25910: 25905: 25900: 25895: 25890: 25885: 25880: 25875: 25870: 25865: 25860: 25855: 25850: 25844: 25842: 25836: 25835: 25833: 25832: 25827: 25822: 25817: 25812: 25807: 25802: 25797: 25792: 25787: 25782: 25777: 25772: 25767: 25762: 25757: 25752: 25747: 25742: 25737: 25732: 25727: 25722: 25717: 25712: 25707: 25702: 25697: 25692: 25687: 25682: 25677: 25672: 25667: 25662: 25657: 25652: 25647: 25642: 25637: 25632: 25627: 25622: 25617: 25612: 25607: 25602: 25597: 25592: 25587: 25582: 25577: 25572: 25567: 25561: 25559: 25549: 25548: 25538: 25537: 25534: 25533: 25530: 25529: 25527: 25526: 25521: 25516: 25511: 25506: 25501: 25496: 25491: 25486: 25481: 25476: 25471: 25466: 25460: 25458: 25450: 25447: 25446: 25444: 25443: 25438: 25433: 25431:Secularization 25428: 25423: 25418: 25413: 25411:Deconstruction 25408: 25403: 25398: 25393: 25387: 25385: 25375: 25372: 25371: 25369: 25368: 25363: 25362: 25361: 25356: 25351: 25346: 25336: 25331: 25326: 25321: 25316: 25311: 25306: 25301: 25296: 25291: 25286: 25281: 25276: 25271: 25266: 25261: 25259:Fundamentalism 25256: 25255: 25254: 25249: 25244: 25239: 25229: 25224: 25219: 25214: 25213: 25212: 25207: 25202: 25192: 25191: 25190: 25185: 25180: 25166: 25161: 25155: 25153: 25146: 25143: 25142: 25140: 25139: 25134: 25129: 25124: 25123: 25122: 25112: 25107: 25102: 25097: 25092: 25087: 25082: 25077: 25072: 25067: 25061: 25059: 25051: 25050: 25048: 25047: 25042: 25037: 25032: 25027: 25022: 25017: 25012: 25007: 25002: 24996: 24994: 24988: 24987: 24985: 24984: 24983: 24982: 24977: 24972: 24962: 24957: 24952: 24947: 24942: 24937: 24932: 24927: 24926: 24925: 24920: 24915: 24910: 24900: 24899: 24898: 24893: 24888: 24878: 24873: 24868: 24863: 24858: 24853: 24848: 24843: 24838: 24833: 24832: 24831: 24826: 24821: 24811: 24806: 24801: 24796: 24791: 24786: 24781: 24776: 24771: 24766: 24761: 24756: 24751: 24746: 24737: 24735:Call to prayer 24732: 24727: 24722: 24720:Disaffiliation 24712: 24710: 24702: 24701: 24691: 24690: 24687: 24686: 24684: 24683: 24678: 24673: 24668: 24663: 24658: 24653: 24648: 24647: 24646: 24641: 24636: 24626: 24625: 24624: 24619: 24614: 24609: 24604: 24594: 24589: 24588: 24587: 24582: 24577: 24567: 24566: 24565: 24560: 24550: 24549: 24548: 24543: 24538: 24533: 24523: 24518: 24517: 24516: 24506: 24505: 24504: 24499: 24489: 24484: 24483: 24482: 24472: 24467: 24462: 24457: 24452: 24447: 24442: 24437: 24436: 24435: 24430: 24425: 24420: 24418:Greco-Buddhism 24415: 24405: 24404: 24403: 24398: 24393: 24388: 24378: 24373: 24372: 24371: 24361: 24356: 24351: 24350: 24349: 24339: 24334: 24329: 24328: 24327: 24322: 24312: 24307: 24306: 24305: 24300: 24295: 24285: 24280: 24275: 24270: 24269: 24268: 24257: 24254: 24253: 24241: 24240: 24237: 24236: 24233: 24232: 24229: 24228: 24226: 24225: 24224: 24223: 24213: 24208: 24203: 24198: 24193: 24188: 24183: 24178: 24172: 24170: 24166: 24165: 24163: 24162: 24161: 24160: 24148: 24143: 24142: 24141: 24136: 24131: 24126: 24121: 24116: 24111: 24101: 24096: 24091: 24086: 24081: 24076: 24071: 24066: 24061: 24060: 24059: 24049: 24048: 24047: 24042: 24032: 24031: 24030: 24025: 24015: 24010: 24009: 24008: 23999: 23997: 23989: 23988: 23986: 23985: 23980: 23975: 23970: 23969: 23968: 23963: 23953: 23948: 23943: 23938: 23933: 23932: 23931: 23921: 23916: 23911: 23906: 23901: 23896: 23891: 23886: 23881: 23876: 23870: 23868: 23861: 23851: 23850: 23847: 23846: 23844: 23843: 23838: 23833: 23828: 23822: 23820: 23816: 23815: 23812: 23811: 23809: 23808: 23807: 23806: 23801: 23796: 23791: 23786: 23781: 23779:Tambor de Mina 23776: 23771: 23766: 23761: 23756: 23751: 23746: 23741: 23736: 23735: 23734: 23729: 23724: 23705: 23704: 23703: 23702: 23692: 23687: 23682: 23677: 23672: 23667: 23662: 23657: 23652: 23647: 23642: 23637: 23632: 23627: 23622: 23617: 23612: 23607: 23606: 23605: 23600: 23590: 23585: 23580: 23574: 23572: 23564: 23563: 23561: 23560: 23559: 23558: 23556:Guanche church 23547: 23545: 23538: 23530: 23529: 23527: 23526: 23521: 23516: 23511: 23506: 23501: 23496: 23491: 23486: 23481: 23476: 23471: 23465: 23463: 23461:Tibeto-Burmese 23457: 23456: 23454: 23453: 23448: 23443: 23438: 23432: 23430: 23420: 23419: 23417: 23416: 23411: 23406: 23401: 23396: 23391: 23390: 23389: 23384: 23374: 23369: 23367:Nuu-chah-nulth 23364: 23359: 23354: 23349: 23348: 23347: 23342: 23337: 23332: 23322: 23317: 23312: 23311: 23310: 23300: 23295: 23290: 23289: 23288: 23283: 23278: 23276:Muscogee Creek 23273: 23268: 23258: 23253: 23248: 23243: 23234: 23229: 23224: 23219: 23218: 23217: 23212: 23202: 23201: 23200: 23195: 23190: 23185: 23175: 23170: 23165: 23164: 23163: 23158: 23153: 23143: 23138: 23132: 23130: 23122: 23121: 23119: 23118: 23113: 23111:Sumbese Marapu 23108: 23107: 23106: 23101: 23091: 23090: 23089: 23079: 23074: 23069: 23064: 23063: 23062: 23057: 23049: 23048: 23047: 23042: 23032: 23030:Batak Parmalim 23026: 23024: 23018: 23017: 23015: 23014: 23008: 23006: 23000: 22999: 22997: 22996: 22995: 22994: 22989: 22979: 22978: 22977: 22972: 22967: 22952: 22950: 22941: 22935: 22934: 22931: 22930: 22927: 22926: 22924: 22923: 22922: 22921: 22916: 22906: 22901: 22896: 22891: 22886: 22885: 22884: 22879: 22869: 22864: 22858: 22856: 22852: 22851: 22849: 22848: 22841: 22836: 22835: 22834: 22824: 22823: 22822: 22817: 22812: 22794: 22788: 22786: 22780: 22779: 22777: 22776: 22769: 22764: 22759: 22754: 22749: 22744: 22739: 22738: 22737: 22732: 22727: 22722: 22717: 22712: 22707: 22702: 22692: 22691: 22690: 22685: 22680: 22675: 22670: 22665: 22660: 22655: 22650: 22639: 22637: 22628: 22622: 22621: 22618: 22617: 22615: 22614: 22609: 22604: 22599: 22594: 22588: 22586: 22580: 22579: 22577: 22576: 22571: 22566: 22560: 22558: 22552: 22551: 22549: 22548: 22543: 22538: 22533: 22532: 22531: 22518: 22516: 22510: 22509: 22507: 22506: 22505: 22504: 22499: 22489: 22488: 22487: 22482: 22472: 22467: 22462: 22457: 22451: 22449: 22440: 22431: 22425: 22424: 22421: 22420: 22417: 22416: 22414: 22413: 22408: 22403: 22397: 22395: 22391: 22390: 22388: 22387: 22382: 22377: 22372: 22366: 22364: 22358: 22357: 22355: 22354: 22349: 22344: 22342:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 22338: 22336: 22327: 22321: 22320: 22317: 22316: 22314: 22313: 22308: 22303: 22298: 22293: 22288: 22283: 22277: 22275: 22271: 22270: 22268: 22267: 22260: 22255: 22250: 22245: 22240: 22235: 22230: 22229: 22228: 22218: 22213: 22212: 22211: 22206: 22201: 22196: 22186: 22185: 22184: 22183: 22182: 22177: 22167: 22162: 22157: 22146: 22144: 22138: 22137: 22135: 22134: 22127: 22126: 22125: 22120: 22115: 22110: 22105: 22100: 22095: 22090: 22085: 22079:Bible Students 22071: 22066: 22061: 22056: 22051: 22049:Restorationism 22046: 22045: 22044: 22039: 22034: 22029: 22028: 22027: 22017: 22012: 22007: 22005:Evangelicalism 22002: 22001: 22000: 21995: 21990: 21980: 21979: 21978: 21973: 21968: 21958: 21953: 21948: 21947: 21946: 21941: 21936: 21931: 21926: 21916: 21906: 21905: 21904: 21899: 21885: 21884: 21883: 21878: 21868: 21863: 21862: 21861: 21851: 21850: 21849: 21844: 21833: 21831: 21825: 21824: 21822: 21821: 21814: 21809: 21804: 21799: 21794: 21789: 21784: 21779: 21778: 21777: 21776: 21775: 21765: 21764: 21763: 21747: 21745: 21736: 21727: 21717: 21716: 21704: 21703: 21696: 21695: 21688: 21681: 21673: 21664: 21663: 21661: 21660: 21650: 21637: 21634: 21633: 21630: 21629: 21626: 21625: 21623: 21622: 21617: 21612: 21607: 21602: 21597: 21592: 21587: 21582: 21581: 21580: 21570: 21569: 21568: 21563: 21558: 21548: 21543: 21542: 21541: 21536: 21525: 21523: 21522:Related topics 21519: 21518: 21516: 21515: 21510: 21505: 21500: 21494: 21492: 21486: 21485: 21483: 21482: 21477: 21472: 21467: 21462: 21457: 21456: 21455: 21450: 21445: 21434: 21432: 21422: 21421: 21408: 21407: 21404: 21403: 21400: 21399: 21397: 21396: 21391: 21384: 21379: 21378: 21377: 21367: 21362: 21357: 21352: 21347: 21341: 21339: 21335: 21334: 21332: 21331: 21326: 21321: 21316: 21310: 21308: 21302: 21301: 21299: 21298: 21293: 21288: 21283: 21278: 21273: 21268: 21263: 21257: 21255: 21249: 21248: 21246: 21245: 21240: 21235: 21230: 21225: 21220: 21215: 21210: 21204: 21202: 21192: 21191: 21176: 21175: 21172: 21171: 21168: 21167: 21165: 21164: 21159: 21158: 21157: 21145: 21143:Sources of law 21140: 21135: 21134: 21133: 21123: 21116: 21111: 21104: 21099: 21092: 21087: 21082: 21077: 21072: 21067: 21062: 21057: 21050: 21043: 21042: 21041: 21036: 21031: 21021: 21016: 21008: 21006: 21002: 21001: 20999: 20998: 20991: 20984: 20977: 20970: 20963: 20956: 20948: 20946: 20944: 20943: 20938: 20933: 20927: 20924: 20923: 20921: 20920: 20913: 20908: 20901: 20894: 20887: 20879: 20877: 20871: 20870: 20868: 20867: 20860: 20853: 20846: 20839: 20834: 20828: 20826: 20816: 20815: 20812: 20811: 20806: 20800: 20792: 20791: 20788: 20787: 20785: 20784: 20779: 20774: 20769: 20767:Social welfare 20764: 20759: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20717: 20712: 20707: 20702: 20697: 20692: 20687: 20681: 20679: 20677: 20676: 20671: 20665: 20662: 20661: 20659: 20658: 20653: 20648: 20647: 20646: 20636: 20631: 20630: 20629: 20624: 20623: 20622: 20617: 20616: 20615: 20610: 20605: 20592: 20578: 20577: 20576: 20571: 20570: 20569: 20559: 20554: 20549: 20539: 20534: 20533: 20532: 20531: 20530: 20520: 20515: 20510: 20505: 20494: 20492: 20486: 20485: 20483: 20482: 20475: 20470: 20465: 20460: 20454: 20452: 20446: 20445: 20443: 20442: 20441: 20440: 20435: 20430: 20425: 20420: 20415: 20410: 20405: 20393: 20388: 20381: 20374: 20372:Historiography 20369: 20364: 20359: 20354: 20348: 20346: 20344: 20343: 20338: 20332: 20329: 20328: 20326: 20325: 20318: 20311: 20304: 20297: 20289: 20287: 20281: 20280: 20278: 20277: 20272: 20267: 20260: 20255: 20250: 20245: 20244: 20243: 20233: 20226: 20225: 20224: 20213: 20211: 20201: 20200: 20193: 20190: 20189: 20181: 20180: 20173: 20166: 20158: 20149: 20148: 20145: 20144: 20141: 20140: 20138: 20137: 20132: 20127: 20122: 20117: 20112: 20104: 20101: 20100: 20097: 20096: 20094: 20093: 20088: 20083: 20078: 20073: 20068: 20062: 20060: 20054: 20053: 20051: 20050: 20045: 20044: 20043: 20038: 20029: 20014: 20012: 20006: 20005: 20003: 20002: 20001: 20000: 19994: 19989: 19984: 19979: 19977:Muhammad Abduh 19968: 19966: 19960: 19959: 19957: 19956: 19955: 19954: 19936: 19935: 19934: 19920: 19919: 19918: 19900: 19899: 19898: 19881: 19880: 19879: 19874: 19869: 19858: 19856: 19847: 19837: 19836: 19833: 19832: 19830: 19829: 19828: 19827: 19822: 19820:Rashad Khalifa 19812: 19811: 19810: 19805: 19803:Muhammad Iqbal 19795: 19790: 19784: 19782: 19776: 19775: 19773: 19772: 19771: 19770: 19764: 19763: 19762: 19756: 19755: 19754: 19753: 19752: 19746: 19743: 19737: 19734: 19733: 19732: 19731: 19730: 19721: 19720: 19719: 19711: 19710: 19709: 19708: 19707: 19702: 19694: 19687: 19685: 19673: 19672: 19670: 19669: 19656: 19654:Bektashi Order 19647: 19638: 19624: 19622: 19613: 19599: 19598: 19595: 19594: 19592: 19591: 19590: 19589: 19581: 19576: 19571: 19568: 19567: 19566: 19558: 19557: 19556: 19550: 19545: 19544: 19543: 19533: 19532: 19531: 19525: 19524: 19523: 19517: 19516: 19515: 19507: 19506: 19505: 19503:Abu al-Khattab 19494: 19492: 19486: 19485: 19483: 19482: 19481: 19480: 19475: 19470: 19461:Abū Hulmān al- 19454: 19451: 19450: 19449: 19442: 19440: 19431: 19425: 19424: 19421: 19420: 19418: 19417: 19416:Amr ibn Murrah 19414: 19413:Ahmad ibn Hārb 19411: 19408: 19405: 19402: 19401:Salm ibn Sālem 19399: 19396: 19393: 19390: 19387: 19384: 19381: 19376: 19370: 19368: 19364: 19363: 19361: 19360: 19359: 19358: 19352: 19351: 19350: 19344: 19343: 19342: 19336: 19335: 19334: 19333:Sāleh ibn Umar 19328: 19327: 19326: 19320: 19319: 19318: 19312: 19311: 19310: 19309:Gassān al-Kūfī 19304: 19303: 19302: 19296: 19295: 19294: 19287: 19285: 19281: 19280: 19278: 19277: 19276: 19275: 19272: 19269: 19266: 19263: 19260: 19257: 19254: 19251: 19248: 19245: 19242: 19239: 19236: 19233: 19230: 19223: 19221: 19212: 19192: 19191: 19188: 19187: 19185: 19184: 19179: 19178: 19177: 19167: 19158: 19156:Jābir ibn Zayd 19153: 19147: 19145: 19139: 19138: 19136: 19135: 19134: 19133: 19124: 19114: 19113: 19112: 19102: 19101: 19100: 19094: 19093: 19092: 19082: 19081: 19080: 19077: 19074: 19067: 19065: 19056: 19044: 19043: 19040: 19039: 19037: 19036: 19031: 19030: 19029: 19024:Tawussite Shia 19021: 19020: 19019: 19005: 19004: 19003: 18989: 18983: 18981: 18974: 18973: 18971: 18970: 18969: 18968: 18963: 18962: 18961: 18956: 18955: 18954: 18949: 18948: 18947: 18942: 18927: 18926: 18925: 18907: 18906: 18905: 18904: 18903: 18897: 18896: 18895: 18892: 18891: 18890: 18887: 18879: 18864: 18863: 18862: 18851: 18849: 18841: 18840: 18838: 18837: 18836: 18835: 18826: 18813: 18799: 18798: 18797: 18785: 18784: 18783: 18778: 18777: 18776: 18771: 18766: 18746: 18745: 18744: 18727: 18709: 18708: 18707: 18696: 18694: 18684: 18683: 18681: 18680: 18679: 18678: 18669: 18655: 18654: 18653: 18636: 18618: 18617: 18616: 18590: 18589: 18588: 18583: 18582: 18581: 18576: 18560: 18558: 18545: 18523: 18522: 18519: 18518: 18516: 18515: 18514: 18513: 18508: 18498: 18497: 18496: 18494:Imams of Yemen 18491: 18489:Yahya ibn Umar 18486: 18485: 18484: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18453: 18451: 18442: 18436: 18435: 18432: 18431: 18429: 18428: 18427: 18426: 18425: 18424: 18415: 18402: 18379: 18378: 18377: 18376: 18375: 18361: 18350: 18348: 18336: 18335: 18333: 18332: 18331: 18330: 18325: 18320: 18319: 18318: 18313: 18312: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18291: 18290: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18264: 18263: 18262: 18243: 18233: 18232: 18231: 18226: 18221: 18211: 18210: 18209: 18200: 18198: 18183: 18173: 18172: 18160: 18159: 18156: 18155: 18152: 18151: 18149: 18148: 18143: 18137: 18134: 18133: 18130: 18129: 18127: 18126: 18115: 18104: 18097:Kitab al-Majmu 18093: 18085: 18083: 18079: 18078: 18076: 18075: 18068: 18063: 18056: 18049: 18042: 18034: 18032: 18026: 18025: 18023: 18022: 18015: 18008: 18001: 17994: 17987: 17980: 17973: 17966: 17959: 17952: 17945: 17938: 17935:Asas al-Taqdis 17930: 17928: 17919: 17915: 17914: 17911: 17910: 17908: 17907: 17902: 17897: 17892: 17887: 17881: 17879: 17873: 17872: 17870: 17869: 17864: 17859: 17854: 17849: 17848: 17847: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17811: 17809: 17803: 17802: 17800: 17799: 17798: 17797: 17787: 17785:Ja'far Sobhani 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17747: 17742: 17737: 17736: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17720: 17715: 17710: 17705: 17700: 17695: 17690: 17688:Husayn ibn Ali 17685: 17680: 17669: 17667: 17661: 17660: 17658: 17657: 17656: 17655: 17647: 17646: 17645: 17635: 17634: 17633: 17623: 17621:Salman al-Ouda 17618: 17617: 17616: 17614:Sahwa movement 17606: 17604:Zubair Ali Zai 17601: 17596: 17595: 17594: 17584: 17583: 17582: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17557: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17536: 17535: 17525: 17520: 17514: 17512: 17506: 17505: 17503: 17502: 17501: 17500: 17497: 17494: 17491: 17484: 17482: 17476: 17475: 17473: 17472: 17469: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17452:Al-Zamakhshari 17449: 17448: 17447: 17437: 17431: 17428: 17425: 17422: 17416: 17413: 17410: 17407: 17404: 17397: 17395: 17383: 17382: 17380: 17379: 17359: 17357: 17351: 17350: 17348: 17347: 17337: 17336: 17335: 17327: 17311: 17300: 17298: 17292: 17291: 17289: 17288: 17287: 17286: 17285: 17284: 17271: 17270: 17269: 17258: 17256: 17250: 17249: 17247: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17189:Ahmad Sirhindi 17186: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17106: 17101: 17096: 17091: 17085: 17083: 17071: 17070: 17068: 17067: 17057: 17050:Malik ibn Anas 17047: 17036: 17034: 17025: 17024: 17022: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16961: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16816: 16814:Al-Shahrastani 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16790: 16788: 16773: 16767: 16766: 16763: 16762: 16760: 16759: 16754: 16749: 16743: 16741: 16735: 16734: 16732: 16731: 16726: 16721: 16715: 16713: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16688: 16682: 16680: 16674: 16673: 16671: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16654: 16652: 16643: 16635: 16634: 16631: 16630: 16627: 16622: 16618: 16610: 16609: 16602: 16601: 16594: 16587: 16579: 16570: 16569: 16567: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16539:Matn Ibn Ashir 16536: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16505: 16503: 16497: 16496: 16489: 16488: 16481: 16474: 16466: 16457: 16456: 16454: 16453: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16403: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16377: 16375: 16371: 16370: 16368: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16352: 16347: 16342: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16226: 16224: 16220: 16219: 16217: 16216: 16211: 16206: 16201: 16196: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16174:Sufism history 16171: 16169:Sufi cosmology 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16128: 16126: 16122: 16121: 16119: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16030: 16028: 16024: 16023: 16021: 16020: 16015: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15994: 15992: 15988: 15987: 15985: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15962: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15930: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15856: 15844: 15832: 15827: 15821: 15819: 15813: 15812: 15810: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15798: 15797: 15787: 15782: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15743: 15731: 15719: 15707: 15702: 15700:Sufism pillars 15697: 15692: 15680: 15668: 15663: 15661:Salat al-Fatih 15658: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15604: 15592: 15587: 15575: 15563: 15557: 15555: 15549: 15548: 15546: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15508:Lataif-e-Sitta 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15441:Aayane Thabita 15438: 15425: 15423: 15419: 15418: 15409: 15407: 15405: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15222: 15220: 15216: 15215: 15207: 15206: 15199: 15192: 15184: 15175: 15174: 15164: 15161: 15160: 15157: 15156: 15154: 15153: 15147: 15141: 15140:(d. 1302/1885) 15138:Muhammad Ahmad 15135: 15129: 15123: 15117: 15111: 15105: 15099: 15093: 15087: 15080: 15078: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15064: 15058: 15052: 15045: 15043: 15042:4th AH/10th AD 15039: 15038: 15036: 15035: 15029: 15023: 15017: 15011: 15005: 15002:Sari al-Saqati 14999: 14993: 14987: 14981: 14974: 14972: 14968: 14967: 14965: 14964: 14958: 14952: 14946: 14943:Ibn al-Mubarak 14940: 14934: 14928: 14922: 14916: 14910: 14904: 14897: 14895: 14888: 14882: 14881: 14879: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14837: 14835: 14829: 14828: 14826: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14800: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14764: 14762: 14758: 14757: 14755: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14709: 14704: 14698: 14696: 14692: 14691: 14684: 14682: 14680: 14679: 14665: 14651: 14637: 14623: 14609: 14599: 14585: 14571: 14557: 14543: 14529: 14515: 14501: 14487: 14472: 14470: 14464: 14463: 14456: 14455: 14448: 14441: 14433: 14426: 14425:External links 14423: 14421: 14420: 14414: 14399: 14397:. E.P. Dutton. 14390: 14385:978-1784790035 14384: 14376:ISF Publishing 14364: 14358: 14344:Sells, Michael 14340: 14338:on 2009-01-22. 14321: 14315: 14297: 14260: 14254: 14239: 14233: 14215: 14209: 14194: 14188: 14173: 14167: 14152: 14146: 14133: 14127: 14114: 14108: 14102:. SUNY Press. 14090: 14084: 14066: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14044: 14043: 14033:. July 5, 2016 14018: 13983: 13953: 13940: 13927:Qadri Shattari 13912: 13898:978-8171510818 13897: 13879: 13862:. 2011-07-01. 13847: 13832: 13820: 13804: 13777: 13753: 13751:, p. 371. 13735: 13723: 13709: 13689: 13675: 13655: 13648: 13628: 13614: 13594: 13580: 13560: 13546: 13526: 13512: 13492: 13467: 13453: 13433: 13421: 13400: 13396:Shah 1964–2014 13388: 13376: 13363:10.2307/598339 13341: 13314: 13277: 13247: 13217: 13190: 13160: 13147: 13140: 13120: 13106: 13100:. SUNY Press. 13086: 13068: 13048: 13035: 13013: 13002:www.soas.ac.uk 12989: 12971: 12935: 12905: 12878: 12859: 12821: 12793: 12765: 12733: 12726: 12720:. p. 65. 12710:, ed. (2015). 12699: 12692: 12676:, ed. (2006). 12665: 12639: 12632: 12626:. p. 59. 12600: 12593: 12587:. p. 30. 12577:, ed. (2013). 12566: 12559: 12553:. p. 26. 12532: 12525: 12490: 12480: 12460: 12434: 12427: 12396: 12367: 12356: 12348:Hachette India 12328: 12321: 12297: 12287: 12281:. p. 85. 12260: 12253: 12237:, ed. (2008). 12226: 12219: 12188: 12181: 12161:, ed. (2006). 12150: 12143: 12116: 12109: 12081: 12074: 12068:. p. 46. 12050: 12039: 12023:, ed. (2018). 12012: 12005: 11989:, ed. (2015). 11977: 11966:. p. 89. 11944: 11926: 11908: 11899: 11886: 11874: 11853: 11838: 11818: 11788: 11772: 11765: 11742: 11733: 11724: 11715: 11706: 11697: 11688: 11679: 11672: 11654: 11647: 11629: 11622: 11602: 11595: 11575: 11568: 11548: 11523: 11498: 11476: 11467:|website= 11434: 11411: 11390: 11365: 11359:Ahmed, Leila. 11352: 11339: 11333:Ahmed, Leila. 11326: 11317:|website= 11299: 11279: 11258: 11246: 11234: 11221: 11196: 11175: 11152: 11139: 11113: 11096: 11074: 11064:. gulfnews.com 11053: 11037: 11024: 11011: 10998: 10985: 10964: 10944: 10920: 10903: 10885: 10860: 10853: 10835: 10817: 10798: 10773: 10747: 10734: 10720: 10715:Radd al-Muhtar 10705: 10676: 10639: 10625: 10600: 10579: 10576:on 2015-06-09. 10561: 10558:on 2008-04-15. 10543: 10534: 10508: 10488: 10463: 10442: 10417: 10384: 10366: 10341: 10325: 10313: 10295: 10283:Shafiifiqh.com 10259: 10222: 10210: 10189: 10184:978-0253354877 10183: 10160: 10141: 10126: 10108: 10105:, Aisha Bewley 10091: 10089:, p. 169. 10079: 10064: 10062:, p. 130. 10049: 10047:, p. 125. 10037: 10017: 10002: 9984: 9971: 9950: 9943: 9923: 9916: 9884: 9855: 9835: 9828: 9808: 9778: 9766: 9754: 9742: 9722: 9707: 9671: 9658: 9636: 9614: 9593: 9579:Dina Le Gall, 9572: 9559: 9546: 9509: 9495: 9477: 9473:The New Yorker 9464: 9458:Martin Lings, 9451: 9435: 9407: 9385:The Muslim 500 9371: 9365:Martin Lings, 9355: 9342: 9335: 9329:. Fons Vitae. 9315: 9295: 9278: 9275:on 2015-04-14. 9255:Terræ Brasilis 9242: 9235: 9214: 9199: 9170: 9161: 9154: 9133: 9110: 9096: 9094:, p. 446. 9071: 9064: 9044: 9042:, p. 499. 9032: 9011: 8990: 8962: 8954: 8934: 8875: 8850: 8834: 8827: 8821:. SUNY Press. 8804: 8789: 8783:978-0520252691 8782: 8761: 8738: 8725: 8702: 8689:978-1780744209 8688: 8657: 8632: 8625: 8605: 8594:naqshbandi.org 8581: 8566: 8559: 8539: 8523: 8517:978-0061625992 8516: 8495: 8469: 8460: 8448: 8422: 8410: 8383: 8371: 8364:Shah 1964–2014 8356: 8339: 8311: 8305:Martin Lings, 8298: 8285: 8272: 8265: 8227: 8221:Martin Lings, 8211: 8196: 8162: 8155: 8115: 8102: 8093: 8087: 8067: 8045: 8013: 7987: 7969: 7941: 7920:(3): 156–158. 7900: 7871: 7851: 7836: 7812: 7778: 7771: 7745: 7721: 7692: 7672: 7645: 7638: 7575: 7528: 7521: 7501: 7482:(2): 221–268. 7462: 7443: 7397: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7317:Husayn ibn Ali 7301:Main article: 7298: 7295: 7270: 7267: 7253:Muhammad Iqbal 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7086: 7038: 7037: 6992: 6990: 6983: 6977: 6974: 6888: 6885: 6843:Philip Jenkins 6832:Museum Library 6830:Topkapı Palace 6789: 6786: 6710:fundamentalist 6611:Main article: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6586: 6567: 6557: 6545: 6544:(d. 736/1336). 6514: 6513:(d. 606/1209). 6495: 6494:(d. 465/1072). 6476: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6392: 6369: 6350: 6330: 6318: 6306: 6275: 6244:Main article: 6241: 6238: 6210: 6207: 6191: 6188: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6144: 6137: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6097: 6071: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6037: 6028:Fusus al-Hikam 6017: 6014: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6005: 5990: 5982: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959:(d. 1250/1834) 5953: 5945: 5937: 5928: 5925: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5914:(d. 1034/1624) 5911:Ahmad Sirhindi 5908: 5906:(d. 1014/1606) 5900: 5892: 5884: 5869: 5854: 5846: 5844:(d. 841/ 1437) 5838: 5830: 5815: 5807: 5799: 5791: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5753: 5751:(d. 1371/1951) 5745: 5737: 5732:Meher Ali Shah 5729: 5727:(d. 1354/1935) 5714: 5712:(d. 1332/1914) 5706: 5704:(d. 1252/1836) 5698: 5696:(d. 1205/1791) 5690: 5688:(d. 1171/1758) 5682: 5680:(d. 1162/1749) 5667: 5665:(d. 1143/1731) 5659: 5657:(d. 1137/1725) 5651: 5649:(d. 1105/1694) 5643: 5641:(d. 1089/1679) 5635: 5633:(d. 1067/1657) 5627: 5625:(d. 1050/1640) 5619: 5617:(d. 1041/1631) 5611: 5609:(d. 1032/1622) 5603: 5595: 5587: 5579: 5571: 5563: 5555: 5547: 5539: 5524: 5516: 5508: 5500: 5485: 5477: 5469: 5454: 5446: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5417: 5409: 5401: 5393: 5385: 5377: 5362: 5347: 5339: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5309: 5294: 5279: 5264: 5256: 5248: 5240: 5232: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5141: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5081: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5060: 5057: 5010: 5007: 4999: 4996: 4990:, present-day 4943: 4940: 4927: 4924: 4900:Bakhtiyar Kaki 4877: 4874: 4834: 4831: 4766: 4763: 4735: 4732: 4716: 4713: 4705: 4702: 4680: 4667:Hasan of Basra 4663:Rabia of Basra 4651:grinding grain 4642: 4639: 4627: 4624: 4589:The Educating 4577:Lataif-e-Sitta 4492:: At-Takhalli 4475: 4474:Other concepts 4472: 4464:Sufi cosmology 4396:Lataif-e-sitta 4389: 4386: 4330: 4327: 4264: 4261: 4211:Main article: 4208: 4205: 4184:, Bangladesh. 4128:, Tajikistan; 4102:Main article: 4099: 4096: 4090:(d. 815), and 4076:Farqad Sabakhi 4072:Hasan of Basra 4016:Main article: 3982: 3979: 3869: 3866: 3755:Main article: 3752: 3749: 3707:Main article: 3704: 3701: 3562:Main article: 3559: 3556: 3505: 3502: 3466: 3463: 3402: 3399: 3344: 3341: 3242:("order") and 3218:Fatehpur Sikri 3205: 3202: 3184: 3181: 3107: 3104: 3020: 3017: 2967: 2964: 2796:Bektashi Order 2761:Ahmed el-Tayeb 2694: 2691: 2645:Blagaj, Mostar 2552:Ottoman Sultan 2541:Mughal emperor 2528: 2525: 2405:Safavid Persia 2389: 2386: 2326:Futuh al-ghayb 2265:(c. 1480–1490) 2254: 2251: 1965: 1962: 1942:Hasan of Basra 1927:Sari al-Saqati 1880:Hasan al-Basri 1861:Hasan al-Basri 1760: 1757: 1752:Main article: 1749: 1746: 1645: 1642: 1571: 1568: 1549:fundamentalist 1498:Hasan al-Basri 1325: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1314: 1307: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1239: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1168: 1165:Related topics 1163: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1147:Social welfare 1144: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 977: 968: 967: 964: 963: 960: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 933: 932: 925: 918: 910: 909: 904: 898: 893: 892: 889: 888: 885: 884: 876: 867: 866: 860: 852: 844: 835: 834: 814: 806: 803: 802: 797: 791: 790: 789: 786: 785: 782: 781: 776: 771: 765: 764: 759: 753: 748: 747: 744: 743: 740: 739: 737:Predestination 733: 732: 727: 721: 720: 718:Revealed Books 715: 709: 708: 698: 693: 692: 689: 688: 680: 679: 673: 672: 660: 659: 657: 656: 649: 642: 634: 631: 630: 617: 616: 613: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 561: 558: 557: 554: 553: 550: 549: 544: 542:Notable modern 539: 533: 530: 529: 526: 525: 522: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 335: 330: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 280: 277: 276: 273: 272: 269: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 226:Sufi cosmology 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 99: 93: 90: 89: 86: 85: 78: 68: 67: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 26762: 26751: 26748: 26746: 26743: 26741: 26738: 26736: 26733: 26732: 26730: 26720: 26710: 26708: 26703: 26698: 26697: 26694: 26681: 26677: 26673: 26671: 26663: 26662: 26659: 26645: 26642: 26640: 26637: 26635: 26632: 26630: 26627: 26625: 26622: 26620: 26617: 26615: 26612: 26610: 26607: 26605: 26602: 26600: 26597: 26595: 26592: 26590: 26587: 26586: 26584: 26582: 26581:South America 26578: 26572: 26569: 26567: 26564: 26562: 26559: 26557: 26554: 26552: 26549: 26547: 26544: 26542: 26539: 26537: 26534: 26532: 26529: 26527: 26524: 26522: 26519: 26517: 26514: 26512: 26509: 26507: 26504: 26503: 26501: 26499: 26495: 26489: 26488:United States 26486: 26484: 26481: 26479: 26476: 26474: 26471: 26469: 26466: 26464: 26461: 26459: 26456: 26454: 26451: 26449: 26446: 26444: 26441: 26439: 26436: 26434: 26431: 26429: 26426: 26424: 26421: 26419: 26416: 26414: 26411: 26409: 26406: 26404: 26401: 26399: 26396: 26394: 26391: 26389: 26386: 26384: 26381: 26379: 26376: 26375: 26373: 26371: 26370:North America 26367: 26359: 26356: 26354: 26351: 26349: 26346: 26344: 26341: 26340: 26339: 26336: 26334: 26331: 26329: 26326: 26324: 26321: 26319: 26316: 26314: 26311: 26309: 26306: 26304: 26301: 26299: 26296: 26294: 26291: 26289: 26286: 26284: 26281: 26279: 26276: 26274: 26271: 26269: 26266: 26264: 26261: 26259: 26256: 26254: 26251: 26249: 26246: 26244: 26241: 26239: 26236: 26234: 26231: 26229: 26228:Liechtenstein 26226: 26224: 26221: 26219: 26216: 26214: 26211: 26209: 26206: 26204: 26201: 26199: 26196: 26194: 26191: 26189: 26186: 26184: 26181: 26179: 26176: 26174: 26171: 26169: 26166: 26164: 26161: 26159: 26156: 26154: 26151: 26149: 26146: 26144: 26141: 26139: 26136: 26134: 26131: 26129: 26126: 26124: 26121: 26120: 26118: 26116: 26112: 26106: 26103: 26101: 26098: 26096: 26093: 26091: 26088: 26086: 26083: 26081: 26078: 26076: 26073: 26071: 26068: 26066: 26063: 26061: 26058: 26056: 26053: 26051: 26048: 26046: 26043: 26041: 26038: 26036: 26033: 26031: 26028: 26026: 26023: 26021: 26018: 26016: 26013: 26011: 26008: 26006: 26003: 26001: 25998: 25996: 25993: 25991: 25988: 25986: 25983: 25981: 25978: 25976: 25973: 25971: 25968: 25964: 25961: 25959: 25956: 25955: 25954: 25951: 25949: 25946: 25944: 25941: 25939: 25936: 25934: 25931: 25929: 25926: 25924: 25921: 25919: 25916: 25914: 25911: 25909: 25906: 25904: 25901: 25899: 25896: 25894: 25891: 25889: 25886: 25884: 25881: 25879: 25876: 25874: 25871: 25869: 25866: 25864: 25861: 25859: 25856: 25854: 25851: 25849: 25846: 25845: 25843: 25841: 25837: 25831: 25828: 25826: 25823: 25821: 25818: 25816: 25813: 25811: 25808: 25806: 25803: 25801: 25798: 25796: 25793: 25791: 25788: 25786: 25783: 25781: 25778: 25776: 25773: 25771: 25768: 25766: 25763: 25761: 25758: 25756: 25753: 25751: 25748: 25746: 25743: 25741: 25738: 25736: 25733: 25731: 25728: 25726: 25723: 25721: 25718: 25716: 25713: 25711: 25708: 25706: 25703: 25701: 25698: 25696: 25693: 25691: 25688: 25686: 25683: 25681: 25680:Guinea-Bissau 25678: 25676: 25673: 25671: 25668: 25666: 25663: 25661: 25658: 25656: 25653: 25651: 25648: 25646: 25643: 25641: 25638: 25636: 25633: 25631: 25628: 25626: 25623: 25621: 25618: 25616: 25613: 25611: 25608: 25606: 25603: 25601: 25598: 25596: 25593: 25591: 25588: 25586: 25583: 25581: 25578: 25576: 25573: 25571: 25568: 25566: 25563: 25562: 25560: 25558: 25554: 25550: 25543: 25539: 25525: 25522: 25520: 25517: 25515: 25512: 25510: 25507: 25505: 25504:Organizations 25502: 25500: 25497: 25495: 25492: 25490: 25487: 25485: 25482: 25480: 25477: 25475: 25472: 25470: 25467: 25465: 25462: 25461: 25459: 25456: 25448: 25442: 25439: 25437: 25434: 25432: 25429: 25427: 25424: 25422: 25419: 25417: 25414: 25412: 25409: 25407: 25404: 25402: 25399: 25397: 25394: 25392: 25389: 25388: 25386: 25383: 25378: 25373: 25367: 25364: 25360: 25357: 25355: 25352: 25350: 25347: 25345: 25342: 25341: 25340: 25337: 25335: 25332: 25330: 25329:Vegetarianism 25327: 25325: 25322: 25320: 25317: 25315: 25312: 25310: 25307: 25305: 25302: 25300: 25297: 25295: 25292: 25290: 25287: 25285: 25282: 25280: 25277: 25275: 25274:Homosexuality 25272: 25270: 25267: 25265: 25262: 25260: 25257: 25253: 25250: 25248: 25245: 25243: 25240: 25238: 25235: 25234: 25233: 25230: 25228: 25225: 25223: 25220: 25218: 25215: 25211: 25208: 25206: 25203: 25201: 25198: 25197: 25196: 25193: 25189: 25186: 25184: 25181: 25179: 25176: 25175: 25174: 25170: 25167: 25165: 25162: 25160: 25157: 25156: 25154: 25151: 25144: 25138: 25135: 25133: 25130: 25128: 25125: 25121: 25118: 25117: 25116: 25113: 25111: 25108: 25106: 25103: 25101: 25098: 25096: 25095:Neurotheology 25093: 25091: 25088: 25086: 25083: 25081: 25078: 25076: 25073: 25071: 25068: 25066: 25063: 25062: 25060: 25058: 25052: 25046: 25043: 25041: 25038: 25036: 25033: 25031: 25028: 25026: 25023: 25021: 25018: 25016: 25013: 25011: 25008: 25006: 25003: 25001: 24998: 24997: 24995: 24993: 24989: 24981: 24978: 24976: 24973: 24971: 24968: 24967: 24966: 24963: 24961: 24958: 24956: 24953: 24951: 24948: 24946: 24943: 24941: 24938: 24936: 24933: 24931: 24928: 24924: 24921: 24919: 24916: 24914: 24911: 24909: 24906: 24905: 24904: 24901: 24897: 24894: 24892: 24889: 24887: 24884: 24883: 24882: 24879: 24877: 24874: 24872: 24869: 24867: 24864: 24862: 24859: 24857: 24854: 24852: 24849: 24847: 24844: 24842: 24839: 24837: 24834: 24830: 24827: 24825: 24822: 24820: 24817: 24816: 24815: 24812: 24810: 24807: 24805: 24802: 24800: 24797: 24795: 24792: 24790: 24789:Folk religion 24787: 24785: 24782: 24780: 24777: 24775: 24772: 24770: 24767: 24765: 24762: 24760: 24757: 24755: 24752: 24750: 24747: 24745: 24741: 24738: 24736: 24733: 24731: 24728: 24726: 24723: 24721: 24717: 24714: 24713: 24711: 24707: 24703: 24696: 24692: 24682: 24679: 24677: 24674: 24672: 24669: 24667: 24664: 24662: 24659: 24657: 24654: 24652: 24649: 24645: 24642: 24640: 24637: 24635: 24632: 24631: 24630: 24627: 24623: 24620: 24618: 24615: 24613: 24612:Imperial cult 24610: 24608: 24605: 24603: 24600: 24599: 24598: 24595: 24593: 24590: 24586: 24583: 24581: 24578: 24576: 24573: 24572: 24571: 24568: 24564: 24561: 24559: 24556: 24555: 24554: 24551: 24547: 24544: 24542: 24539: 24537: 24534: 24532: 24529: 24528: 24527: 24524: 24522: 24519: 24515: 24512: 24511: 24510: 24507: 24503: 24500: 24498: 24495: 24494: 24493: 24490: 24488: 24485: 24481: 24478: 24477: 24476: 24473: 24471: 24468: 24466: 24463: 24461: 24458: 24456: 24453: 24451: 24448: 24446: 24443: 24441: 24438: 24434: 24431: 24429: 24426: 24424: 24421: 24419: 24416: 24414: 24411: 24410: 24409: 24406: 24402: 24399: 24397: 24394: 24392: 24389: 24387: 24384: 24383: 24382: 24379: 24377: 24374: 24370: 24367: 24366: 24365: 24362: 24360: 24357: 24355: 24352: 24348: 24345: 24344: 24343: 24340: 24338: 24335: 24333: 24330: 24326: 24323: 24321: 24318: 24317: 24316: 24313: 24311: 24308: 24304: 24301: 24299: 24296: 24294: 24291: 24290: 24289: 24286: 24284: 24281: 24279: 24276: 24274: 24271: 24267: 24264: 24263: 24262: 24259: 24258: 24255: 24251: 24246: 24242: 24222: 24219: 24218: 24217: 24214: 24212: 24209: 24207: 24204: 24202: 24199: 24197: 24194: 24192: 24189: 24187: 24184: 24182: 24181:Discordianism 24179: 24177: 24176:Anthroposophy 24174: 24173: 24171: 24167: 24159: 24158: 24154: 24153: 24152: 24149: 24147: 24144: 24140: 24137: 24135: 24132: 24130: 24127: 24125: 24124:Mari religion 24122: 24120: 24117: 24115: 24112: 24110: 24107: 24106: 24105: 24102: 24100: 24097: 24095: 24092: 24090: 24087: 24085: 24082: 24080: 24077: 24075: 24072: 24070: 24067: 24065: 24062: 24058: 24055: 24054: 24053: 24050: 24046: 24043: 24041: 24038: 24037: 24036: 24033: 24029: 24026: 24024: 24021: 24020: 24019: 24016: 24014: 24011: 24007: 24004: 24003: 24001: 24000: 23998: 23996: 23990: 23984: 23981: 23979: 23976: 23974: 23971: 23967: 23964: 23962: 23961:Neo-Theosophy 23959: 23958: 23957: 23954: 23952: 23949: 23947: 23944: 23942: 23939: 23937: 23934: 23930: 23927: 23926: 23925: 23922: 23920: 23917: 23915: 23912: 23910: 23907: 23905: 23902: 23900: 23899:New Acropolis 23897: 23895: 23892: 23890: 23887: 23885: 23882: 23880: 23877: 23875: 23872: 23871: 23869: 23865: 23862: 23860: 23852: 23842: 23839: 23837: 23834: 23832: 23829: 23827: 23824: 23823: 23821: 23817: 23805: 23802: 23800: 23797: 23795: 23792: 23790: 23787: 23785: 23782: 23780: 23777: 23775: 23772: 23770: 23767: 23765: 23762: 23760: 23757: 23755: 23752: 23750: 23747: 23745: 23742: 23740: 23737: 23733: 23730: 23728: 23725: 23723: 23720: 23719: 23718: 23715: 23714: 23713: 23711: 23707: 23706: 23701: 23698: 23697: 23696: 23693: 23691: 23688: 23686: 23683: 23681: 23678: 23676: 23673: 23671: 23668: 23666: 23663: 23661: 23658: 23656: 23653: 23651: 23648: 23646: 23643: 23641: 23638: 23636: 23633: 23631: 23628: 23626: 23623: 23621: 23618: 23616: 23613: 23611: 23608: 23604: 23601: 23599: 23596: 23595: 23594: 23591: 23589: 23586: 23584: 23581: 23579: 23576: 23575: 23573: 23571: 23565: 23557: 23554: 23553: 23552: 23549: 23548: 23546: 23544:North African 23542: 23539: 23537: 23531: 23525: 23522: 23520: 23517: 23515: 23512: 23510: 23507: 23505: 23502: 23500: 23497: 23495: 23492: 23490: 23487: 23485: 23482: 23480: 23477: 23475: 23472: 23470: 23467: 23466: 23464: 23462: 23458: 23452: 23449: 23447: 23444: 23442: 23439: 23437: 23434: 23433: 23431: 23429: 23425: 23421: 23415: 23412: 23410: 23407: 23405: 23402: 23400: 23397: 23395: 23392: 23388: 23385: 23383: 23380: 23379: 23378: 23375: 23373: 23370: 23368: 23365: 23363: 23360: 23358: 23355: 23353: 23350: 23346: 23343: 23341: 23338: 23336: 23333: 23331: 23328: 23327: 23326: 23323: 23321: 23318: 23316: 23313: 23309: 23306: 23305: 23304: 23301: 23299: 23298:Kwakwakaʼwakw 23296: 23294: 23291: 23287: 23284: 23282: 23279: 23277: 23274: 23272: 23269: 23267: 23264: 23263: 23262: 23259: 23257: 23254: 23252: 23249: 23247: 23244: 23242: 23238: 23235: 23233: 23230: 23228: 23225: 23223: 23220: 23216: 23213: 23211: 23208: 23207: 23206: 23203: 23199: 23196: 23194: 23191: 23189: 23186: 23184: 23181: 23180: 23179: 23176: 23174: 23171: 23169: 23166: 23162: 23159: 23157: 23154: 23152: 23149: 23148: 23147: 23144: 23142: 23139: 23137: 23134: 23133: 23131: 23129: 23123: 23117: 23114: 23112: 23109: 23105: 23102: 23100: 23097: 23096: 23095: 23092: 23088: 23085: 23084: 23083: 23080: 23078: 23075: 23073: 23070: 23068: 23065: 23061: 23058: 23056: 23053: 23052: 23050: 23046: 23043: 23041: 23038: 23037: 23036: 23033: 23031: 23028: 23027: 23025: 23023: 23019: 23013: 23010: 23009: 23007: 23005: 23004:Austroasiatic 23001: 22993: 22990: 22988: 22985: 22984: 22983: 22980: 22976: 22975:Vattisen Yaly 22973: 22971: 22968: 22966: 22963: 22962: 22961: 22957: 22954: 22953: 22951: 22949: 22945: 22942: 22940: 22936: 22920: 22917: 22915: 22912: 22911: 22910: 22907: 22905: 22902: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22894:Kirat Mundhum 22892: 22890: 22887: 22883: 22880: 22878: 22875: 22874: 22873: 22870: 22868: 22865: 22863: 22860: 22859: 22857: 22853: 22847: 22846: 22842: 22840: 22837: 22833: 22830: 22829: 22828: 22825: 22821: 22818: 22816: 22813: 22811: 22807: 22803: 22800: 22799: 22798: 22795: 22793: 22790: 22789: 22787: 22785: 22781: 22775: 22774: 22770: 22768: 22765: 22763: 22760: 22758: 22755: 22753: 22750: 22748: 22745: 22743: 22740: 22736: 22733: 22731: 22728: 22726: 22723: 22721: 22718: 22716: 22713: 22711: 22708: 22706: 22703: 22701: 22698: 22697: 22696: 22693: 22689: 22686: 22684: 22681: 22679: 22676: 22674: 22671: 22669: 22666: 22664: 22661: 22659: 22656: 22654: 22651: 22649: 22646: 22645: 22644: 22641: 22640: 22638: 22636: 22632: 22629: 22627: 22623: 22613: 22610: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22600: 22598: 22595: 22593: 22590: 22589: 22587: 22585: 22581: 22575: 22572: 22570: 22567: 22565: 22562: 22561: 22559: 22557: 22553: 22547: 22544: 22542: 22539: 22537: 22534: 22530: 22529: 22525: 22524: 22523: 22520: 22519: 22517: 22515: 22511: 22503: 22500: 22498: 22495: 22494: 22493: 22490: 22486: 22483: 22481: 22478: 22477: 22476: 22473: 22471: 22468: 22466: 22463: 22461: 22458: 22456: 22453: 22452: 22450: 22448: 22444: 22441: 22439: 22435: 22432: 22430: 22426: 22412: 22409: 22407: 22404: 22402: 22399: 22398: 22396: 22392: 22386: 22383: 22381: 22378: 22376: 22373: 22371: 22368: 22367: 22365: 22363: 22359: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22339: 22337: 22335: 22331: 22328: 22326: 22322: 22312: 22309: 22307: 22304: 22302: 22299: 22297: 22294: 22292: 22289: 22287: 22284: 22282: 22279: 22278: 22276: 22272: 22266: 22265: 22261: 22259: 22256: 22254: 22253:Milah Abraham 22251: 22249: 22246: 22244: 22241: 22239: 22236: 22234: 22231: 22227: 22224: 22223: 22222: 22219: 22217: 22214: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22200: 22197: 22195: 22192: 22191: 22190: 22187: 22181: 22178: 22176: 22173: 22172: 22171: 22168: 22166: 22163: 22161: 22158: 22156: 22153: 22152: 22151: 22148: 22147: 22145: 22143: 22139: 22133: 22132: 22128: 22124: 22121: 22119: 22116: 22114: 22111: 22109: 22106: 22104: 22101: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22091: 22089: 22086: 22084: 22080: 22077: 22076: 22075: 22072: 22070: 22067: 22065: 22062: 22060: 22057: 22055: 22052: 22050: 22047: 22043: 22040: 22038: 22035: 22033: 22030: 22026: 22023: 22022: 22021: 22018: 22016: 22013: 22011: 22008: 22006: 22003: 21999: 21996: 21994: 21991: 21989: 21986: 21985: 21984: 21981: 21977: 21974: 21972: 21969: 21967: 21964: 21963: 21962: 21959: 21957: 21954: 21952: 21949: 21945: 21942: 21940: 21937: 21935: 21932: 21930: 21927: 21925: 21922: 21921: 21920: 21917: 21915: 21912: 21911: 21910: 21909:Protestantism 21907: 21903: 21900: 21898: 21894: 21891: 21890: 21889: 21886: 21882: 21879: 21877: 21874: 21873: 21872: 21869: 21867: 21864: 21860: 21857: 21856: 21855: 21852: 21848: 21845: 21843: 21840: 21839: 21838: 21835: 21834: 21832: 21830: 21826: 21820: 21819: 21815: 21813: 21810: 21808: 21805: 21803: 21800: 21798: 21795: 21793: 21790: 21788: 21785: 21783: 21780: 21774: 21771: 21770: 21769: 21766: 21762: 21759: 21758: 21757: 21754: 21753: 21752: 21749: 21748: 21746: 21744: 21740: 21737: 21735: 21731: 21728: 21726: 21722: 21718: 21714: 21709: 21705: 21701: 21694: 21689: 21687: 21682: 21680: 21675: 21674: 21671: 21659: 21651: 21649: 21639: 21638: 21635: 21621: 21618: 21616: 21613: 21611: 21608: 21606: 21603: 21601: 21598: 21596: 21593: 21591: 21588: 21586: 21583: 21579: 21576: 21575: 21574: 21571: 21567: 21564: 21562: 21561:Post-Islamism 21559: 21557: 21554: 21553: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21544: 21540: 21537: 21535: 21532: 21531: 21530: 21527: 21526: 21524: 21520: 21514: 21511: 21509: 21506: 21504: 21501: 21499: 21496: 21495: 21493: 21491: 21487: 21481: 21478: 21476: 21473: 21471: 21468: 21466: 21463: 21461: 21458: 21454: 21453:Protestantism 21451: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21440: 21439: 21436: 21435: 21433: 21431: 21427: 21423: 21413: 21409: 21395: 21392: 21390: 21389: 21385: 21383: 21380: 21376: 21373: 21372: 21371: 21368: 21366: 21363: 21361: 21358: 21356: 21353: 21351: 21348: 21346: 21343: 21342: 21340: 21336: 21330: 21327: 21325: 21322: 21320: 21317: 21315: 21312: 21311: 21309: 21307: 21303: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21291:Ophthalmology 21289: 21287: 21284: 21282: 21279: 21277: 21274: 21272: 21269: 21267: 21264: 21262: 21259: 21258: 21256: 21254: 21250: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21231: 21229: 21226: 21224: 21221: 21219: 21216: 21214: 21211: 21209: 21206: 21205: 21203: 21201: 21197: 21193: 21189: 21181: 21177: 21163: 21160: 21156: 21155: 21151: 21150: 21149: 21146: 21144: 21141: 21139: 21136: 21132: 21129: 21128: 21127: 21124: 21122: 21121: 21117: 21115: 21112: 21110: 21109: 21105: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21097: 21093: 21091: 21088: 21086: 21083: 21081: 21078: 21076: 21073: 21071: 21068: 21066: 21063: 21061: 21058: 21056: 21055: 21051: 21049: 21048: 21044: 21040: 21039:Death penalty 21037: 21035: 21032: 21030: 21027: 21026: 21025: 21022: 21020: 21017: 21015: 21014: 21010: 21009: 21007: 21005:Other aspects 21003: 20997: 20996: 20992: 20990: 20989: 20985: 20983: 20982: 20978: 20976: 20975: 20971: 20969: 20968: 20964: 20962: 20961: 20957: 20955: 20954: 20950: 20949: 20947: 20942: 20939: 20937: 20934: 20932: 20929: 20928: 20925: 20919: 20918: 20914: 20912: 20909: 20907: 20906: 20902: 20900: 20899: 20895: 20893: 20892: 20888: 20886: 20885: 20881: 20880: 20878: 20876: 20872: 20866: 20865: 20861: 20859: 20858: 20854: 20852: 20851: 20847: 20845: 20844: 20840: 20838: 20835: 20833: 20830: 20829: 20827: 20825: 20821: 20817: 20810: 20809:Jurisprudence 20807: 20805: 20802: 20801: 20797: 20793: 20783: 20780: 20778: 20775: 20773: 20770: 20768: 20765: 20763: 20760: 20758: 20757: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20716: 20713: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20703: 20701: 20698: 20696: 20693: 20691: 20688: 20686: 20683: 20682: 20680: 20675: 20672: 20670: 20667: 20666: 20663: 20657: 20654: 20652: 20649: 20645: 20642: 20641: 20640: 20637: 20635: 20632: 20628: 20625: 20621: 20618: 20614: 20611: 20609: 20606: 20604: 20601: 20600: 20599: 20596: 20595: 20593: 20591: 20588: 20587: 20586: 20582: 20579: 20575: 20572: 20568: 20565: 20564: 20563: 20560: 20558: 20555: 20553: 20550: 20548: 20545: 20544: 20543: 20540: 20538: 20535: 20529: 20526: 20525: 20524: 20521: 20519: 20516: 20514: 20511: 20509: 20506: 20504: 20501: 20500: 20499: 20496: 20495: 20493: 20491: 20490:Denominations 20487: 20481: 20480: 20476: 20474: 20471: 20469: 20466: 20464: 20461: 20459: 20456: 20455: 20453: 20451: 20447: 20439: 20436: 20434: 20431: 20429: 20426: 20424: 20421: 20419: 20416: 20414: 20411: 20409: 20406: 20404: 20403: 20399: 20398: 20397: 20394: 20392: 20389: 20387: 20386: 20382: 20380: 20379: 20375: 20373: 20370: 20368: 20365: 20363: 20360: 20358: 20355: 20353: 20350: 20349: 20347: 20342: 20339: 20337: 20334: 20333: 20330: 20324: 20323: 20319: 20317: 20316: 20312: 20310: 20309: 20305: 20303: 20302: 20298: 20296: 20295: 20291: 20290: 20288: 20286: 20282: 20276: 20275:Holiest sites 20273: 20271: 20270:Judgement Day 20268: 20266: 20265: 20261: 20259: 20256: 20254: 20251: 20249: 20246: 20242: 20239: 20238: 20237: 20234: 20232: 20231: 20227: 20223: 20220: 20219: 20218: 20215: 20214: 20212: 20210: 20206: 20202: 20198: 20197: 20191: 20186: 20179: 20174: 20172: 20167: 20165: 20160: 20159: 20156: 20136: 20133: 20131: 20128: 20126: 20123: 20121: 20118: 20116: 20113: 20110: 20106: 20105: 20102: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20079: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20064: 20063: 20061: 20059: 20058:Other beliefs 20055: 20049: 20046: 20042: 20039: 20037: 20033: 20032:Hilmi Tunahan 20030: 20028: 20024: 20021: 20020: 20019: 20016: 20015: 20013: 20011: 20007: 19999: 19995: 19993: 19990: 19988: 19985: 19983: 19982:Muhammad Asad 19980: 19978: 19975: 19974: 19973: 19970: 19969: 19967: 19965: 19961: 19953: 19949: 19945: 19942: 19941: 19940: 19937: 19933: 19929: 19926: 19925: 19924: 19921: 19917: 19913: 19909: 19906: 19905: 19904: 19901: 19897: 19893: 19892:Sabbatai Zevi 19890: 19889: 19888: 19885: 19882: 19878: 19875: 19873: 19870: 19868: 19865: 19864: 19863: 19860: 19859: 19857: 19855: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19838: 19826: 19823: 19821: 19818: 19817: 19816: 19813: 19809: 19806: 19804: 19801: 19800: 19799: 19796: 19794: 19791: 19789: 19786: 19785: 19783: 19781: 19777: 19768: 19767: 19765: 19760: 19759: 19757: 19750: 19749: 19747: 19744: 19742:Ali al-Aswarī 19741: 19740: 19738: 19735: 19728: 19727: 19725: 19724: 19722: 19717: 19716: 19715: 19712: 19706: 19703: 19700: 19699: 19698: 19695: 19692: 19691: 19689: 19688: 19686: 19683: 19678: 19674: 19668: 19664: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19651: 19648: 19646: 19642: 19639: 19637: 19633: 19629: 19626: 19625: 19623: 19621: 19617: 19614: 19611: 19604: 19600: 19588: 19585: 19584: 19582: 19580: 19577: 19575: 19572: 19569: 19564: 19563: 19562: 19559: 19554: 19553: 19551: 19549: 19546: 19542: 19539: 19538: 19537: 19534: 19529: 19528: 19526: 19521: 19520: 19519:Muʿāmmarīyya 19518: 19513: 19512: 19511: 19508: 19504: 19501: 19500: 19499: 19496: 19495: 19493: 19491: 19487: 19479: 19476: 19474: 19471: 19468: 19464: 19460: 19459: 19458: 19455: 19452: 19447: 19446: 19444: 19443: 19441: 19439: 19435: 19432: 19430: 19426: 19415: 19412: 19409: 19406: 19403: 19400: 19397: 19394: 19391: 19388: 19385: 19382: 19380: 19377: 19375: 19372: 19371: 19369: 19365: 19356: 19355: 19353: 19348: 19347: 19345: 19340: 19339: 19337: 19332: 19331: 19329: 19324: 19323: 19321: 19316: 19315: 19313: 19308: 19307: 19305: 19300: 19299: 19297: 19292: 19291: 19289: 19288: 19286: 19282: 19273: 19270: 19267: 19264: 19261: 19258: 19255: 19252: 19249: 19246: 19243: 19240: 19237: 19234: 19231: 19228: 19227: 19225: 19224: 19222: 19220: 19216: 19213: 19210: 19204: 19197: 19193: 19183: 19180: 19176: 19173: 19172: 19171: 19168: 19166: 19162: 19159: 19157: 19154: 19152: 19149: 19148: 19146: 19144: 19140: 19132: 19128: 19125: 19123: 19120: 19119: 19118: 19115: 19111: 19108: 19107: 19106: 19103: 19098: 19097: 19095: 19091: 19088: 19087: 19086: 19083: 19078: 19075: 19072: 19071: 19069: 19068: 19066: 19064: 19060: 19057: 19054: 19049: 19045: 19035: 19034:Waqifite Shia 19032: 19027: 19026: 19025: 19022: 19018: 19014: 19011: 19010: 19009: 19006: 19002: 18998: 18995: 18994: 18993: 18990: 18988: 18985: 18984: 18982: 18980: 18975: 18967: 18964: 18960: 18959:Ishaq al-Turk 18957: 18953: 18950: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18937: 18936: 18933: 18932: 18931: 18928: 18924: 18921: 18920: 18919: 18916: 18915: 18913: 18912: 18911: 18908: 18901: 18900: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18876: 18874: 18873: 18872: 18868: 18865: 18861: 18858: 18857: 18856: 18853: 18852: 18850: 18848: 18842: 18834: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18821: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18808: 18805: 18804: 18803: 18800: 18796: 18793: 18789: 18786: 18782: 18779: 18775: 18772: 18770: 18767: 18765: 18762: 18761: 18760: 18757: 18756: 18755: 18752: 18751: 18750: 18747: 18743: 18739: 18735: 18731: 18728: 18726: 18722: 18718: 18717:Hamdan Qarmat 18715: 18714: 18713: 18710: 18706: 18703: 18702: 18701: 18698: 18697: 18695: 18693: 18689: 18685: 18677: 18673: 18670: 18668: 18664: 18661: 18660: 18659: 18656: 18652: 18648: 18644: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18631: 18627: 18624: 18623: 18622: 18619: 18615: 18614:Safavid Islam 18611: 18607: 18603: 18599: 18598:Sheikh Haydar 18596: 18595: 18594: 18591: 18587: 18584: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18571: 18570: 18567: 18566: 18565: 18562: 18561: 18559: 18557: 18553: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18540: 18536: 18532: 18528: 18524: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18503: 18502: 18499: 18495: 18492: 18490: 18487: 18483: 18480: 18479: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18459: 18458: 18455: 18454: 18452: 18450: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18437: 18423: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18410: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18397: 18393: 18390: 18389: 18388: 18385: 18384: 18383: 18380: 18374: 18370: 18367: 18366: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18356: 18355: 18352: 18351: 18349: 18346: 18341: 18337: 18329: 18326: 18324: 18321: 18317: 18314: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18296: 18295: 18292: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18269: 18268: 18265: 18261: 18257: 18254: 18253: 18252: 18249: 18248: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18238: 18237: 18234: 18230: 18227: 18225: 18222: 18220: 18217: 18216: 18215: 18212: 18208: 18205: 18204: 18202: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18191: 18190:Ahl al-Hadith 18187: 18184: 18182: 18178: 18174: 18170: 18165: 18161: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18138: 18135: 18125: 18124: 18120: 18116: 18114: 18113: 18109: 18105: 18103: 18102: 18098: 18094: 18092: 18091: 18087: 18086: 18084: 18080: 18074: 18073: 18069: 18067: 18064: 18062: 18061: 18057: 18055: 18054: 18050: 18048: 18047: 18043: 18041: 18040: 18036: 18035: 18033: 18031: 18027: 18021: 18020: 18016: 18014: 18013: 18009: 18007: 18006: 18002: 18000: 17999: 17995: 17993: 17992: 17988: 17986: 17985: 17981: 17979: 17978: 17974: 17972: 17971: 17967: 17965: 17964: 17960: 17958: 17957: 17953: 17951: 17950: 17946: 17944: 17943: 17939: 17937: 17936: 17932: 17931: 17929: 17927: 17923: 17920: 17916: 17906: 17903: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17891: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17882: 17880: 17878: 17877:Zaydi Shi'ism 17874: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17846: 17843: 17842: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17812: 17810: 17808: 17804: 17796: 17793: 17792: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17741: 17738: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17708:Musa al-Kazim 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17693:Ali al-Sajjad 17691: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17683:Hasan ibn Ali 17681: 17679: 17676: 17675: 17674: 17671: 17670: 17668: 17666: 17662: 17654:Post-Salafism 17653: 17652: 17651: 17648: 17644: 17641: 17640: 17639: 17636: 17632: 17629: 17628: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17615: 17612: 17611: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17593: 17590: 17589: 17588: 17585: 17581: 17578: 17577: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17561: 17558: 17556: 17553: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17538: 17534: 17531: 17530: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17518:Ibn Taymiyyah 17516: 17515: 17513: 17511: 17507: 17499:Mustadrakīyya 17498: 17495: 17492: 17489: 17488: 17486: 17485: 17483: 17481: 17477: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17457:Amr ibn Ubayd 17455: 17453: 17450: 17446: 17443: 17442: 17441: 17438: 17435: 17432: 17429: 17426: 17423: 17420: 17417: 17414: 17411: 17408: 17405: 17402: 17399: 17398: 17396: 17393: 17388: 17384: 17377: 17373: 17369: 17365: 17361: 17360: 17358: 17356: 17352: 17345: 17341: 17338: 17334: 17331: 17328: 17326: 17323: 17322: 17320: 17316: 17312: 17309: 17305: 17302: 17301: 17299: 17297: 17293: 17282: 17281: 17280: 17277: 17276: 17275: 17272: 17268: 17265: 17264: 17263: 17260: 17259: 17257: 17255: 17251: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17112: 17110: 17107: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17087: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17076: 17072: 17065: 17061: 17058: 17055: 17051: 17048: 17045: 17041: 17038: 17037: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17026: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16781: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16768: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16744: 16742: 16740: 16736: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16716: 16714: 16712: 16708: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16683: 16681: 16679: 16675: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16655: 16653: 16651: 16647: 16644: 16640: 16636: 16628: 16626: 16623: 16620: 16619: 16615: 16611: 16607: 16600: 16595: 16593: 16588: 16586: 16581: 16580: 16577: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16506: 16504: 16502: 16498: 16494: 16487: 16482: 16480: 16475: 16473: 16468: 16467: 16464: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16382: 16379: 16378: 16376: 16372: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16265:Jama'at Khana 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16240:Datuk Keramat 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16227: 16225: 16221: 16215: 16214:Sufi whirling 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16138: 16133: 16130: 16129: 16127: 16123: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16080: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16031: 16029: 16025: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15998:Antinomianism 15996: 15995: 15993: 15989: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15971: 15966: 15963: 15961: 15958: 15956: 15953: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15939: 15934: 15931: 15927: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15865: 15860: 15857: 15853: 15848: 15845: 15841: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15822: 15820: 15818: 15814: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15796: 15793: 15792: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15779: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15752: 15747: 15744: 15740: 15735: 15732: 15728: 15723: 15720: 15716: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15689: 15684: 15681: 15677: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15655: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15613: 15608: 15605: 15601: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15584: 15579: 15576: 15572: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15558: 15556: 15554: 15550: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15447: 15442: 15439: 15435: 15430: 15427: 15426: 15424: 15420: 15413: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15391: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15319: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15292: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15231:Ahl al-Khutwa 15229: 15227: 15224: 15223: 15221: 15217: 15212: 15205: 15200: 15198: 15193: 15191: 15186: 15185: 15182: 15172: 15168: 15162: 15151: 15148: 15145: 15142: 15139: 15136: 15133: 15130: 15127: 15124: 15121: 15118: 15115: 15112: 15109: 15106: 15103: 15100: 15097: 15094: 15091: 15088: 15085: 15082: 15081: 15079: 15075: 15068: 15065: 15062: 15059: 15056: 15053: 15050: 15047: 15046: 15044: 15040: 15033: 15030: 15027: 15024: 15021: 15018: 15015: 15012: 15009: 15006: 15003: 15000: 14997: 14994: 14991: 14988: 14985: 14984:Bishr al-Hafi 14982: 14979: 14976: 14975: 14973: 14971:3rd AH/9th AD 14969: 14962: 14959: 14956: 14953: 14950: 14947: 14944: 14941: 14938: 14935: 14932: 14929: 14926: 14925:Dawud al-Ta'i 14923: 14920: 14917: 14914: 14911: 14908: 14905: 14902: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14894:2nd AH/8th AD 14892: 14889: 14887: 14886:Notable Sufis 14883: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14838: 14836: 14834: 14830: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14806: 14804: 14801: 14799: 14796: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14765: 14763: 14759: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14699: 14697: 14693: 14688: 14676: 14671: 14670: 14666: 14662: 14657: 14656: 14652: 14648: 14643: 14642: 14638: 14634: 14629: 14628: 14624: 14620: 14615: 14614: 14610: 14605: 14604: 14600: 14596: 14591: 14590: 14586: 14582: 14577: 14576: 14572: 14568: 14563: 14562: 14558: 14554: 14549: 14548: 14544: 14540: 14535: 14534: 14530: 14526: 14521: 14520: 14519:Suhrawardiyya 14516: 14512: 14507: 14506: 14502: 14498: 14493: 14492: 14491:Naqshbandiyya 14488: 14484: 14479: 14478: 14474: 14473: 14471: 14469: 14465: 14461: 14454: 14449: 14447: 14442: 14440: 14435: 14434: 14431: 14417: 14411: 14407: 14406: 14400: 14396: 14391: 14387: 14381: 14377: 14373: 14370:(1964–2014). 14369: 14365: 14361: 14355: 14351: 14350: 14345: 14341: 14337: 14333: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14318: 14312: 14308: 14307: 14302: 14298: 14294: 14290: 14286: 14282: 14278: 14274: 14270: 14266: 14261: 14257: 14251: 14247: 14246: 14240: 14236: 14230: 14226: 14225: 14220: 14216: 14212: 14206: 14202: 14201: 14195: 14191: 14185: 14181: 14180: 14174: 14170: 14164: 14160: 14159: 14153: 14149: 14147:9781139828383 14143: 14139: 14134: 14130: 14124: 14120: 14115: 14111: 14105: 14101: 14100: 14095: 14091: 14087: 14081: 14077: 14076: 14071: 14067: 14063: 14059: 14054: 14053: 14032: 14028: 14022: 14008: 14004: 14000: 13999: 13994: 13987: 13971: 13967: 13963: 13957: 13950: 13944: 13929: 13928: 13923: 13916: 13908: 13904: 13900: 13894: 13890: 13883: 13869: 13865: 13861: 13857: 13851: 13843: 13836: 13829: 13824: 13816: 13815: 13808: 13792: 13788: 13781: 13767: 13763: 13757: 13750: 13746: 13739: 13733:, Diana Lobel 13732: 13727: 13712: 13706: 13702: 13701: 13693: 13678: 13672: 13668: 13667: 13659: 13651: 13645: 13641: 13640: 13632: 13617: 13611: 13607: 13606: 13598: 13583: 13577: 13573: 13572: 13564: 13549: 13543: 13539: 13538: 13530: 13515: 13509: 13505: 13504: 13496: 13480: 13479: 13471: 13456: 13450: 13446: 13445: 13437: 13430: 13425: 13418: 13414: 13410: 13404: 13397: 13392: 13385: 13380: 13372: 13368: 13364: 13360: 13356: 13352: 13345: 13329: 13325: 13318: 13299: 13295: 13288: 13281: 13265: 13261: 13257: 13251: 13235: 13231: 13230:The Economist 13227: 13221: 13205: 13201: 13194: 13178: 13174: 13170: 13164: 13157: 13151: 13143: 13137: 13134:. iUniverse. 13133: 13132: 13124: 13109: 13107:9780791415153 13103: 13099: 13098: 13090: 13075: 13071: 13069:9780804791281 13065: 13061: 13060: 13052: 13038: 13032: 13028: 13024: 13017: 13003: 12999: 12993: 12985: 12978: 12976: 12959: 12955: 12954: 12949: 12942: 12940: 12924:on 2013-05-30 12923: 12919: 12915: 12909: 12893: 12889: 12882: 12874: 12870: 12863: 12847: 12843: 12842: 12837: 12830: 12828: 12826: 12809: 12808: 12803: 12797: 12781: 12780: 12775: 12769: 12754: 12750: 12749: 12744: 12737: 12729: 12727:9781472569455 12723: 12719: 12715: 12714: 12709: 12708:Oliver Leaman 12703: 12695: 12693:9781405178440 12689: 12685: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12674:Andrew Rippin 12669: 12661: 12657: 12653: 12649: 12643: 12635: 12633:9781137561558 12629: 12625: 12621: 12617: 12613: 12612: 12604: 12596: 12594:9781134538959 12590: 12586: 12582: 12581: 12576: 12570: 12562: 12560:9780199359585 12556: 12552: 12548: 12547: 12542: 12536: 12528: 12526:9782745175960 12522: 12518: 12514: 12510: 12507:(in Arabic). 12506: 12505: 12500: 12494: 12487: 12483: 12481:9781935295914 12477: 12473: 12472: 12464: 12456: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12438: 12430: 12428:9789675062612 12424: 12420: 12416: 12412: 12411: 12406: 12400: 12393: 12391: 12390:Suhrawardiyya 12385: 12381: 12377: 12371: 12364: 12359: 12357:9789393701169 12353: 12349: 12345: 12341: 12340: 12332: 12324: 12322:9780415671101 12318: 12314: 12310: 12309: 12301: 12294: 12290: 12288:9781135029982 12284: 12280: 12276: 12275: 12270: 12264: 12256: 12254:9781135179601 12250: 12246: 12242: 12241: 12236: 12230: 12222: 12220:9780231531924 12216: 12212: 12208: 12204: 12203: 12198: 12192: 12184: 12182:9781135455965 12178: 12174: 12170: 12166: 12165: 12160: 12159:Josef W. Meri 12154: 12146: 12144:9780195328998 12140: 12136: 12132: 12131: 12126: 12120: 12112: 12110:9780755643387 12106: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12093: 12085: 12077: 12075:9789047432142 12071: 12067: 12063: 12062: 12054: 12046: 12042: 12040:9781786075260 12036: 12033:. p. 3. 12032: 12028: 12027: 12022: 12016: 12008: 12006:9781107018303 12002: 11998: 11994: 11993: 11988: 11981: 11973: 11969: 11965: 11961: 11957: 11956: 11948: 11940: 11936: 11930: 11922: 11918: 11912: 11903: 11896: 11890: 11883: 11878: 11870: 11866: 11865: 11857: 11849: 11845: 11841: 11839:0-203-59271-9 11835: 11831: 11830: 11822: 11814: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11795: 11793: 11784: 11783: 11776: 11768: 11762: 11758: 11757: 11749: 11747: 11737: 11728: 11719: 11710: 11701: 11692: 11683: 11675: 11669: 11665: 11658: 11650: 11644: 11640: 11633: 11625: 11623:9780195002454 11619: 11615: 11614: 11613:Mohammedanism 11606: 11598: 11596:9781136251603 11592: 11588: 11587: 11579: 11571: 11569:9781576073551 11565: 11561: 11560: 11552: 11537: 11533: 11527: 11512: 11508: 11502: 11487:. Shazuli.com 11486: 11480: 11472: 11460: 11446: 11445: 11438: 11430: 11426: 11423:. Ferozsons. 11422: 11415: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11394: 11379: 11375: 11369: 11362: 11356: 11349: 11343: 11336: 11330: 11322: 11310: 11302: 11300:9781107182011 11296: 11292: 11291: 11283: 11276: 11272: 11268: 11262: 11255: 11254:Schimmel 2013 11250: 11243: 11238: 11231: 11225: 11218: 11217:977-00-1830-9 11214: 11210: 11206: 11200: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11179: 11173: 11169: 11165: 11159: 11157: 11149: 11143: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11120: 11118: 11109: 11108: 11100: 11085: 11078: 11063: 11057: 11050: 11044: 11042: 11034: 11028: 11021: 11015: 11008: 11002: 10995: 10989: 10982: 10980: 10967: 10961: 10957: 10956: 10948: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10924: 10917: 10913: 10910:John Renard, 10907: 10899: 10895: 10889: 10875:on 2013-03-20 10874: 10870: 10864: 10856: 10854:9788124600429 10850: 10846: 10839: 10831: 10824: 10822: 10813: 10809: 10802: 10787: 10783: 10777: 10762: 10758: 10751: 10745:May 18, 2017. 10744: 10738: 10730: 10724: 10716: 10713:Abidin, Ibn. 10709: 10702: 10691: 10687: 10680: 10673: 10661: 10657: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10644: 10635: 10629: 10615:on 2012-12-21 10614: 10610: 10604: 10597: 10593: 10589: 10583: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10557: 10553: 10547: 10538: 10523:on 1997-05-29 10522: 10518: 10512: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10492: 10474: 10467: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10446: 10439: 10435: 10431: 10427: 10421: 10414: 10410: 10406: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10388: 10380: 10376: 10370: 10356: 10352: 10345: 10339: 10335: 10329: 10322: 10317: 10311: 10308: 10302: 10300: 10284: 10277: 10273: 10269: 10263: 10247: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10226: 10220:, p. 99. 10219: 10218:Schimmel 2013 10214: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10193: 10186: 10180: 10176: 10175: 10167: 10165: 10153: 10152: 10145: 10137: 10130: 10123: 10119: 10112: 10104: 10103: 10095: 10088: 10083: 10075: 10068: 10061: 10056: 10054: 10046: 10041: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10021: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10003:9781139056144 9999: 9995: 9988: 9981: 9975: 9968: 9964: 9960: 9954: 9946: 9940: 9936: 9935: 9927: 9919: 9913: 9909: 9904: 9903: 9897: 9896:Momen, Moojan 9891: 9889: 9881: 9877: 9873: 9869: 9865: 9859: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9831: 9825: 9821: 9820: 9812: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9782: 9775: 9770: 9763: 9758: 9751: 9746: 9740: 9739:9781134150618 9736: 9732: 9726: 9718: 9711: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9686:"ṢūfĪ Orders" 9680: 9678: 9676: 9668: 9662: 9646: 9640: 9624: 9618: 9611: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9576: 9569: 9563: 9556: 9550: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9513: 9505: 9499: 9491: 9487: 9481: 9475:, Jan. 5 2017 9474: 9468: 9461: 9455: 9448: 9442: 9440: 9432: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9411: 9397:on 2017-06-06 9396: 9392: 9388: 9386: 9378: 9376: 9368: 9362: 9360: 9352: 9346: 9338: 9332: 9328: 9327: 9319: 9313: 9309: 9305: 9299: 9292: 9291:9780300035315 9288: 9282: 9271: 9263: 9259: 9258: 9254: 9246: 9238: 9232: 9228: 9221: 9219: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9200:9781108582124 9196: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9177: 9175: 9165: 9157: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9137: 9122: 9121: 9114: 9106: 9100: 9093: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9067: 9061: 9057: 9056: 9048: 9041: 9036: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9015: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8994: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8970:Ibn Khallikan 8966: 8957: 8951: 8948:. Routledge. 8947: 8946: 8938: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8882: 8880: 8865: 8861: 8854: 8846: 8845: 8838: 8830: 8824: 8820: 8819: 8814: 8813:Nasr, Hossein 8808: 8801: 8800:Chittick 2007 8796: 8794: 8785: 8779: 8775: 8768: 8766: 8759: 8758:0-941532-68-2 8755: 8751: 8747: 8742: 8735: 8729: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8706: 8691: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8661: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8628: 8626:9781450554398 8622: 8618: 8617: 8609: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8577: 8570: 8562: 8560:9781930409231 8556: 8552: 8551: 8543: 8535: 8534: 8527: 8519: 8513: 8509: 8502: 8500: 8483: 8479: 8473: 8464: 8457: 8452: 8436: 8432: 8426: 8419: 8414: 8408: 8407:9789675062551 8404: 8400: 8396: 8390: 8388: 8381:, p. 22. 8380: 8379:Chittick 2007 8375: 8369: 8365: 8360: 8353: 8342: 8340:9781933316383 8336: 8332: 8331: 8326: 8322: 8315: 8308: 8302: 8295: 8289: 8282: 8276: 8268: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8218: 8216: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8166: 8158: 8156:90-04-14743-8 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8119: 8112: 8106: 8097: 8090: 8088:9781135788438 8084: 8080: 8079: 8071: 8063: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7994: 7992: 7983: 7976: 7974: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7937: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7904: 7896: 7890: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7868: 7864: 7863: 7855: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7837:1-4175-0678-4 7833: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7817: 7809: 7798: 7794: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7774: 7768: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7752: 7750: 7735: 7731: 7725: 7717: 7711: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7689: 7686:. HarperOne. 7685: 7684: 7676: 7660: 7659: 7652: 7650: 7641: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7614: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7548:(1): 82–107. 7547: 7543: 7539: 7532: 7524: 7518: 7514: 7513: 7505: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7466: 7450: 7446: 7444:9780199340378 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7341: 7328: 7324: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7304: 7294: 7292: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7278:Chishti Order 7275: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7248: 7247:Shams Tabrizi 7244: 7240: 7236: 7235:Coleman Barks 7231: 7224: 7220: 7215: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7132: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7120: 7116: 7115: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7092: 7085: 7083: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7056: 7051: 7045: 7034: 7031: 7023: 7013: 7009: 7005: 6999: 6998: 6993:This section 6991: 6982: 6981: 6973: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6913: 6911: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6894: 6884: 6882: 6879:.", and that 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6806: 6804: 6794: 6785: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6753: 6748: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6725:visitation to 6722: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6708: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6653:Sehwan Sharif 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6635:covering the 6634: 6629: 6624: 6620: 6614: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6519: 6515: 6512: 6508: 6505: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6489: 6486: 6481: 6477: 6474: 6470: 6467: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6450: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6389:Islamic world 6386: 6382: 6379: 6374: 6370: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6316: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6257: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6247: 6237: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6206: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6187: 6185: 6181: 6180: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6150: 6145: 6143: 6138: 6136: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6127: 6122: 6112: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6088: 6084: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6047:Anqa' Mughrib 6045: 6041: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6026: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6015:Notable works 6012: 6011: 6003:(d. 871/1466) 5999: 5994: 5991: 5988:(d. 748/1347) 5986: 5983: 5980:(d. 676/1277) 5978: 5975: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5957: 5954: 5951:(d. 805/1405) 5949: 5946: 5943:(d. 756/1355) 5941: 5938: 5935:(d. 660/1262) 5933: 5930: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5912: 5909: 5904: 5901: 5898:(d. 930/1524) 5896: 5893: 5890:(d. 902/1497) 5888: 5885: 5882:(d. 885/1480) 5878: 5873: 5870: 5867:(d. 874/1470) 5863: 5858: 5855: 5852:(d. 852/1449) 5850: 5847: 5842: 5839: 5836:(d. 832/1429) 5834: 5831: 5828:(d. 826/1423) 5824: 5819: 5816: 5813:(d. 808/1405) 5811: 5808: 5805:(d. 793/1390) 5803: 5800: 5797:(d. 736/1336) 5795: 5792: 5789:(d. 728/1328) 5787: 5784: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5754: 5749: 5746: 5743:(d.1362/1943) 5741: 5738: 5735:(d.1356/1937) 5733: 5730: 5723: 5718: 5715: 5710: 5707: 5702: 5699: 5694: 5691: 5686: 5683: 5676: 5671: 5668: 5663: 5660: 5655: 5652: 5647: 5644: 5639: 5636: 5631: 5628: 5623: 5620: 5615: 5612: 5607: 5604: 5601:(d. 974/1567) 5599: 5596: 5593:(d. 982/1574) 5591: 5588: 5585:(d. 973/1565) 5583: 5580: 5577:(d. 940/1534) 5575: 5572: 5569:(d. 926/1520) 5567: 5564: 5561:(d. 911/1505) 5559: 5556: 5553:(d. 907/1501) 5551: 5548: 5545:(d. 898/1492) 5543: 5540: 5537:(d. 885/1480) 5533: 5528: 5525: 5522:(d. 816/1413) 5520: 5517: 5512: 5509: 5506:(d. 764/1363) 5504: 5501: 5498:(d. 733/1333) 5494: 5489: 5486: 5483:(d. 730/1329) 5481: 5478: 5475:(d. 685/1286) 5473: 5470: 5467:(d. 651/1253) 5463: 5458: 5455: 5452:(d. 632/1234) 5450: 5447: 5444:(d. 606/1209) 5442: 5439: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5423:(d. 676/1277) 5421: 5418: 5415:(d. 672/1273) 5413: 5410: 5407:(d. 650/1252) 5405: 5402: 5399:(d. 643/1245) 5397: 5394: 5391:(d. 643/1245) 5389: 5388:Ibn al-Najjar 5386: 5383:(d. 637/1239) 5381: 5378: 5375:(d. 637/1239) 5371: 5366: 5363: 5360:(d. 636/1239) 5356: 5351: 5348: 5345:(d. 632/1235) 5343: 5340: 5337:(d. 613/1216) 5335: 5331: 5330: 5324: 5323: 5315:(d. 672/1274) 5313: 5310: 5307:(d. 614/1217) 5303: 5298: 5295: 5292:(d. 600/1203) 5288: 5283: 5280: 5277:(d. 599/1202) 5273: 5268: 5267:Ibn Abi Jamra 5265: 5262:(d. 597/1201) 5260: 5257: 5254:(d. 595/1198) 5252: 5249: 5246:(d. 594/1197) 5244: 5241: 5238:(d. 581/1185) 5236: 5233: 5230:(d. 581/1185) 5226: 5221: 5218: 5215:(d. 578/1183) 5213: 5212:Ibn Bashkuwal 5210: 5207:(d. 576/1180) 5205: 5202: 5199:(d. 571/1176) 5197: 5194: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5177: 5172: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5150: 5145: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5064: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5025: 5023: 5022:Qutb-ul-Madar 5019: 5015: 5006: 5004: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4967: 4966:Ahmad al-Buni 4963: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4886:Chishti order 4882: 4873: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4860:Imam Shadhili 4857: 4856: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4830: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4712: 4710: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4679: 4675: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4637: 4636:List of Sufis 4633: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4578: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4540: 4539:(physiognomy) 4538: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4524:consciousness 4521: 4520: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4491: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4452: 4451:Robert Frager 4447: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4434:(heart), and 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4357: 4351: 4349: 4343: 4335: 4326: 4324: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4243:Muslim saints 4240: 4231: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4187:Likewise, in 4185: 4183: 4179: 4176:, India; and 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4110: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4039: 4038: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4011: 4007: 4003: 4002:Ahmad Ghazali 4000: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3926:. Sufi saint 3925: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3856:, as well as 3855: 3851: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3788:Mevlevi order 3785: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3757:Sufi whirling 3751:Sufi whirling 3747: 3745: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3724: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3664:Mevlevi order 3661: 3660:Sufi whirling 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3579: 3570: 3565: 3555: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3540: 3534: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3517: 3516: 3510: 3501: 3498: 3497:Fazlur Rahman 3494: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3471: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3435:Shamz Tabrizi 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3397: 3392: 3390: 3384: 3382: 3373: 3368: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3340: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3324:Amman Message 3320: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3283:jurisprudence 3280: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3263: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3227: 3226:Uttar Pradesh 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214:Salim Chishti 3210: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3133:Saadi Shirazi 3126: 3121: 3116: 3115: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3067:instruction. 3064: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3039:According to 3037: 3035: 3025: 3016: 3014: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2996:Last Judgment 2993: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2932:Sheikh Mansur 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2844:Suhrawardiyya 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2808:Chishti Order 2805: 2801: 2800:Mevlevi Order 2797: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738:jurisprudence 2734: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711:Mevlevi Order 2707: 2703: 2701: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2421:Suhrawardiyya 2418: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2315:ibn Taymiyyah 2312: 2308: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2275: 2271: 2264: 2259: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2235:Suhrawardiyya 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2080: 2074: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2060: 2053: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2035: 2028: 2027: 2019: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1992: 1991: 1984: 1983: 1975: 1971: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1797: 1790: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1755: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1655: 1653: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1578: 1567: 1565: 1564:Islamic world 1561: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1446: 1439: 1438: 1431: 1430: 1423: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1364: 1355: 1350: 1344: 1335: 1331: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1301: 1300: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1262:Military laws 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1161: 1160: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1120:Proselytizing 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1028:Denominations 1026: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 978: 975: 971: 966: 965: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 934: 931: 930: 926: 924: 923: 919: 917: 916: 912: 911: 908: 905: 903: 900: 899: 896: 891: 890: 883: 881: 877: 875: 873: 869: 868: 864: 861: 859: 857: 853: 851: 849: 845: 843: 841: 837: 836: 832: 831: 826: 825: 820: 819: 815: 813: 812: 808: 807: 801: 798: 796: 793: 792: 788: 787: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 766: 763: 760: 758: 755: 754: 751: 746: 745: 738: 735: 734: 731: 728: 726: 723: 722: 719: 716: 714: 711: 710: 707: 703: 700: 699: 696: 691: 690: 686: 682: 681: 678: 675: 674: 670: 666: 665: 655: 650: 648: 643: 641: 636: 635: 633: 632: 629: 619: 618: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 562: 556: 555: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 537:Notable early 535: 534: 531:List of sufis 528: 527: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 333: 328: 327: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 275: 274: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 105: 100: 98: 95: 94: 88: 87: 82: 74: 70: 69: 65: 58: 54: 48: 47: 42: 35: 27: 19: 26085:Turkmenistan 26045:Saudi Arabia 25790:South Africa 25780:Sierra Leone 25585:Burkina Faso 25494:Names of God 25441:Unaffiliated 25396:Antireligion 25252:Universalism 25200:Assimilation 25065:Anthropology 24940:Supernatural 24935:Spirituality 24903:Sacred space 24891:Purification 24764:Denomination 24718: / 24526:Paleo-Balkan 24492:Mesopotamian 24332:Cook Islands 24303:Old Prussian 24216:UFO religion 24155: 24151:Zalmoxianism 24079:Neoshamanism 23936:Spiritualism 23819:Other ethnic 23708: 23534:Traditional 23494:Bongthingism 23382:Acoma Pueblo 23325:Mesoamerican 23022:Austronesian 22843: 22839:Neo-Buddhism 22771: 22767:Neo-Hinduism 22688:Swaminarayan 22526: 22475:Salvationist 22460:Confucianism 22311:Samaritanism 22281:Ali-Illahism 22262: 22215: 22129: 22123:Unitarianism 22064:Old Catholic 21871:Nestorianism 21829:Christianity 21816: 21782:Conservative 21573:Islamophobia 21438:Christianity 21386: 21319:Contemporary 21213:Architecture 21152: 21118: 21106: 21094: 21052: 21045: 21011: 20993: 20988:Nikah mut'ah 20986: 20979: 20972: 20965: 20958: 20951: 20915: 20903: 20896: 20889: 20882: 20862: 20855: 20848: 20841: 20754: 20536: 20477: 20401: 20383: 20376: 20320: 20313: 20306: 20299: 20292: 20285:Five Pillars 20262: 20228: 20217:God in Islam 20194: 20041:Other orders 19946: / 19939:Nur movement 19910: / 19867:Mirza Ghulam 19798:Tolu-e-Islam 19667:Galibi Order 19665: / 19650:Balım Sultan 19645:Babai revolt 19636:Qalandariyya 19634: / 19536:Mufaḍḍaliyya 19445:Jawārībīyya 19398:Umar ibn Zar 19367:Other Murjīs 19096:Bayhasīyyah 19013:Nuqta-yi Ula 18829:Pir Sadardin 18822: / 18736: / 18732: / 18649: / 18641: / 18628: / 18608: / 18604: / 18600: / 18457:Zayd ibn Ali 18407: / 18394: / 18345:Ilm al-Kalam 18258: / 18251:Ahl-i Hadith 18119:Umm al-kitab 18117: 18106: 18095: 18088: 18070: 18065: 18058: 18051: 18044: 18037: 18017: 18010: 18005:Fihi Ma Fihi 18003: 17996: 17989: 17982: 17975: 17968: 17961: 17954: 17947: 17940: 17933: 17673:Twelve Imams 17592:Ahl-i Hadith 17523:Ibnul Qayyim 17403:(Nazzāmīyya) 16884:Ibn al-Jawzi 16824:Al-Taftazani 16799:Al-Baqillani 16738: 16493:Sufism books 16492: 16144:Madih nabawi 15210: 15152:(d. 1354 AH) 15146:(d. 1350 AH) 15134:(d. 1300 AH) 15128:(d. 1287 AH) 15122:(d. 1278 AH) 15116:(d. 1277 AH) 15110:(d. 1118 AH) 15077:Sufi leaders 14813:Sufi studies 14667: 14653: 14641:Ba 'Alawiyya 14639: 14625: 14611: 14601: 14587: 14573: 14559: 14545: 14531: 14517: 14503: 14489: 14475: 14459: 14404: 14394: 14371: 14368:Shah, Idries 14348: 14336:the original 14329: 14305: 14268: 14264: 14244: 14223: 14219:Guénon, René 14199: 14178: 14161:. ABC-Clio. 14157: 14137: 14118: 14098: 14074: 14061: 14057: 14035:. Retrieved 14030: 14021: 14010:. Retrieved 13996: 13986: 13974:. Retrieved 13965: 13956: 13943: 13931:. Retrieved 13925: 13915: 13888: 13882: 13871:. Retrieved 13860:The Guardian 13859: 13850: 13835: 13823: 13813: 13807: 13795:. Retrieved 13790: 13780: 13769:. Retrieved 13765: 13756: 13748: 13744: 13738: 13730: 13726: 13714:. Retrieved 13699: 13692: 13680:. Retrieved 13665: 13658: 13638: 13631: 13619:. Retrieved 13604: 13597: 13585:. Retrieved 13570: 13563: 13551:. Retrieved 13536: 13529: 13517:. Retrieved 13502: 13495: 13483:. Retrieved 13477: 13470: 13458:. Retrieved 13443: 13436: 13428: 13424: 13408: 13403: 13391: 13379: 13354: 13350: 13344: 13332:. Retrieved 13317: 13305:. Retrieved 13293: 13280: 13268:. Retrieved 13259: 13250: 13238:. Retrieved 13229: 13220: 13208:. Retrieved 13193: 13181:. Retrieved 13163: 13155: 13150: 13130: 13123: 13111:. Retrieved 13096: 13089: 13078:. Retrieved 13058: 13051: 13040:, retrieved 13026: 13016: 13005:. Retrieved 13001: 12992: 12983: 12964:15 September 12962:. Retrieved 12951: 12926:. Retrieved 12922:the original 12908: 12896:. Retrieved 12891: 12886:Mir, Tariq. 12881: 12873:The Guardian 12872: 12862: 12852:15 September 12850:. Retrieved 12839: 12814:13 September 12812:. Retrieved 12805: 12796: 12786:13 September 12784:. Retrieved 12777: 12768: 12758:13 September 12756:. Retrieved 12746: 12736: 12712: 12702: 12678: 12668: 12660:the original 12651: 12642: 12610: 12603: 12579: 12569: 12545: 12535: 12503: 12493: 12485: 12470: 12463: 12455:the original 12446: 12437: 12409: 12399: 12387: 12384:the original 12379: 12370: 12361: 12338: 12331: 12307: 12300: 12292: 12273: 12269:A.J. 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and Ewe 23568:Sub-Saharan 23451:Satsana Phi 23237:Ghost Dance 23178:Californian 23146:Anishinaabe 23072:Karo Pemena 23051:Indonesian 22725:Lingayatism 22673:Mahanubhava 22643:Vaishnavism 22574:Jeungsanism 22497:Folk Taoism 22480:Xiantiandao 22334:Zoroastrian 21993:Charismatic 21988:Pentecostal 21951:Anglicanism 21902:Waldensians 21837:Catholicism 21443:Catholicism 21338:Other areas 21329:Theological 21324:Eschatology 21281:Mathematics 21218:Calligraphy 21148:Theological 21102:Inheritance 21019:Cleanliness 20391:Shi'a Imams 20385:Ahl al-Bayt 19992:Rashid Rida 19840:Independent 19825:Edip Yüksel 19788:Ahle Qur'an 19739:Nazzāmīyya 19736:Ikhshīdiyya 19723:Huzaylīyya 19714:Bahshamiyya 19690:Mā’marīyya 19682:Rationalism 19632:Malamatiyya 19552:Mānsūrīyya 19498:Khaṭṭābiyya 19429:Mu'shabbiha 19389:Sābit Kutna 19322:Sawbānīyya 19306:Gassānīyya 19290:Gaylānīyya 19284:Other sects 19079:Sa'labīyyah 19076:Maymunīyyah 19053:Arbitration 18935:Khurramites 18899:Sam‘ānīyya 18672:Bābā Rexheb 18602:Shah Ismail 18422:Millî Görüş 18340:Ahl ar-Ra'y 18282:Al-Uthaymin 18203:Kullabiyya 18181:Sunni Islam 18082:Independent 17926:Sunni books 17750:Shaykh Tusi 17723:Ali al-Hadi 17713:Ali al-Rida 17650:Yasir Qadhi 17555:Al-Uthaymin 17545:Rashid Rida 17540:Al-Shawkani 17436:(Jāhizīyya) 17421:(Jubbāīyya) 17325:Jawālikīyya 17179:Ali al-Qari 17094:Al-Sarakhsi 17080:Al-Maturidi 16954:Al-Sha'rani 16934:Ibn Khaldun 16809:Al-Qushayri 16771:Theologians 16752:Metaphysics 16658:Eschatology 16625:Theologians 16260:Jama masjid 16204:Sufi poetry 16135: [ 16096:Sufi orders 16077: [ 15991:Misconducts 15968: [ 15936: [ 15924: [ 15862: [ 15850: [ 15838: [ 15776: [ 15749: [ 15737: [ 15725: [ 15713: [ 15686: [ 15674: [ 15652: [ 15610: [ 15598: [ 15581: [ 15569: [ 15444: [ 15432: [ 15388: [ 15375:Sufis ranks 15316: [ 15289: [ 15241:Bash Hezzab 15213:terminology 15126:Imam Shamil 15104:(d. 886 AH) 15098:(d. 642 AH) 15092:(d. 630 AH) 15086:(d. 589 AH) 15069:(d. 380 AH) 15063:(d. 386 AH) 15057:(d. 334 AH) 15051:(d. 303 AH) 15034:(d. 295 AH) 15022:(d. 283 AH) 15010:(d. 258 AH) 15004:(d. 253 AH) 14998:(d. 245 AH) 14992:(d. 243 AH) 14986:(d. 227 AH) 14963:(d. 200 AH) 14957:(d. 194 AH) 14951:(d. 188 AH) 14945:(d. 181 AH) 14939:(d. 180 AH) 14933:(d. 177 AH) 14927:(d. 165 AH) 14921:(d. 161 AH) 14915:(d. 160 AH) 14909:(d. 128 AH) 14903:(d. 110 AH) 14818:Sufi poetry 14633:Bayram Wali 14603:Khalwatiyya 14575:Shadhiliyya 14468:Sufi orders 13485:27 December 12928:24 February 12898:20 February 12097:I.B. Tauris 11807:: 384–402. 11666:. OUP USA. 11403:Hasan Basri 11399:Rabia Basri 11397:Meeting of 11031:B. Radtke, 10660:TheSunniWay 10355:Symbol Sage 10087:Gamard 2004 10076:, p. 4 9040:Glassé 2008 7411:Cook, David 7303:Islamic art 7196:during the 7178:brotherhood 6869:Idries Shah 6733:Sufi saints 6707:puritanical 6673:persecution 6651:located in 6574: [ 6521: [ 6502: [ 6492:al-Qushayri 6483: [ 6464: [ 6399: [ 6376: [ 6357: [ 6327:al-Qushayri 6282: [ 6259: [ 6031: [ 5996: [ 5956:Al-Shawkani 5875: [ 5860: [ 5821: [ 5810:Ibn Khaldun 5748:Al-Kawthari 5720: [ 5701:Ibn 'Abidin 5673: [ 5622:Mulla Sadra 5582:Al-Sha'rani 5530: [ 5491: [ 5460: [ 5368: [ 5353: [ 5300: [ 5285: [ 5270: [ 5223: [ 5196:Ibn 'Asakir 5174: [ 5147: [ 5134: [ 4846:dhikr jahri 4842:Shadhiliyya 4551:inspiration 4482:(unveiling) 4146:Ali Hujwari 3485:Linxia City 2956:René Guénon 2952:Ivan Aguéli 2936:Imam Shamil 2928:West Africa 2877:Janissaries 2840:Shadhiliyya 2517:Idries Shah 2365:Sirri Saqti 2297:and modern 2203:Nimatullahi 1964:Sufi orders 1829:Ali Hujwiri 1738:Abu Hurayra 1674:Ibn Khaldun 1670:Al-Qushayri 1570:Definitions 1518:Sunni Islam 1506:Islamic law 1408: 1760 1369:al-Taṣawwuf 915:Ahl al-Bayt 800:Foundations 605:Persecution 332:Sufi orders 241:Sufi poetry 18:Sufi Muslim 26729:Categories 26526:Micronesia 26403:Costa Rica 26298:San Marino 26258:Montenegro 26238:Luxembourg 26095:Uzbekistan 26070:Tajikistan 25975:Kyrgyzstan 25948:Kazakhstan 25898:East Timor 25868:Bangladesh 25858:Azerbaijan 25775:Seychelles 25740:Mozambique 25725:Mauritania 25710:Madagascar 25600:Cape Verde 25382:irreligion 25377:Secularism 25279:Minorities 25247:Toleration 25242:Syncretism 25227:Fanaticism 25217:Disability 25205:Missionary 25195:Conversion 25183:Ordination 25105:Psychology 25100:Philosophy 25040:Polytheism 25020:Monotheism 25015:Henotheism 24856:Orthopraxy 24846:Ordination 24809:Meditation 24804:Indigenous 24769:Entheogens 24754:Conversion 24580:Pueblo III 24497:Babylonian 24487:Melanesian 24413:Gnosticism 24298:Lithuanian 24191:Fourth Way 24045:Circassian 24023:Dievturība 23946:Tensegrity 23879:Falun Gong 23524:Sanamahism 23504:Donyi-Polo 23094:Polynesian 23040:Kaharingan 22965:Burkhanism 22904:Ravidassia 22882:Śvetāmbara 22668:Pushtimarg 22648:Krishnaism 22584:Vietnamese 22569:Cheondoism 22502:Yao Taoism 22438:East Asian 22204:Isma'ilism 22160:Maturidism 21939:Mennonites 21934:Hutterites 21919:Anabaptism 21812:Humanistic 21503:Ex-Muslims 21388:Shu'ubiyya 21382:Psychology 21370:Literature 21360:Inventions 21306:Philosophy 21114:Leadership 21090:Honorifics 20745:Philosophy 20552:Isma'ilism 20513:Maturidism 20396:Caliphates 20367:Golden Age 20258:Revelation 20036:Süleymancı 19944:Said Nursî 19903:Mahdavīyya 19854:Messianism 19758:Sumamīyya 19748:Hābītīyya 19641:Baba Ishak 19583:Saba'īyya 19570:Mukhāmmīsa 19561:Mughīrīyya 19548:Ghurābīyya 19510:Bāzīghiyya 19478:Bārāq Bābā 19457:Hulmānīyya 19354:Ziyādīyya 19346:Ubaydīyya 19338:Shamrīyya 19330:Sālehīyya 19314:Tūmanīyya 19298:Yūnusīyya 19259:Sauwāqīyya 19235:Hakāiqīyya 19219:Karrāmīyya 19209:Hanafiyyah 19063:Kharijites 19001:Nuktawiyya 18952:al-Muqanna 18930:Muḥammirah 18918:Abu Muslim 18914:Rezāmīyya 18889:Hārithīyya 18881:Janāhiyya 18871:Hashimiyya 18845:Kaysanites 18792:Badakhshan 18725:Qarmatians 18712:Batiniyyah 18692:Isma'ilism 18663:Demir Bābā 18658:Baktāshism 18651:Bektashism 18630:ibn Nusayr 18626:al-Khaṣībī 18610:Kul Nesîmî 18606:Pir Sultan 18511:Khalafiyya 18506:Dukayniyya 18440:Shia Islam 18382:Maturidism 18304:Madkhalism 18207:Ibn Kullab 18030:Shia books 17580:Madkhalism 17480:Najjārīyya 17370:al-Qībtī ( 17344:Karramiyya 17340:Ibn Karram 17296:Mu'jassimā 17184:Al-Maydani 17174:Ali Qushji 17099:Al-Bazdawi 17075:Maturidism 17060:Al-Shafi'i 16929:Al-Baydawi 16889:Qadi Ayyad 16864:Ibn Tumart 16819:Al-Ghazali 16804:Al-Juwayni 16794:Al-Bayhaqi 16785:al-Ash'ari 16757:Philosophy 16678:Philosophy 16426:Prayer rug 16189:Sufi music 16049:Hizb Rateb 16027:Ceremonies 15795:Zarruqiyya 15503:Ismul Azam 14627:Bayramiyya 14613:Rahmaniyya 14505:Chishtiyya 14037:2020-01-15 14031:mstv.co.in 14012:2020-01-15 13873:2017-05-05 13771:2021-04-18 13113:17 January 13080:2019-01-02 13042:2022-04-30 13007:2022-04-30 12380:anqa.co.uk 12363:regularly. 12095:. London: 11972:B005JNAG7A 11542:2021-04-18 11450:2021-04-18 11378:Qalandaria 11090:2020-12-30 11068:2020-12-30 10898:ejtaal.net 10879:2018-10-09 10812:Darul Ifta 10619:2009-03-26 10570:"Muraqaba" 10482:2020-02-08 10379:sunnah.com 10360:2022-12-03 10060:Ernst 2010 10045:Ernst 2010 9750:Babou 2007 9696:. Oxford: 9401:2017-06-04 9127:2021-06-12 9028:1403960275 9001:, pg. 58. 8870:2024-02-16 8678:. p. 8599:2017-05-12 8397:, pg. 56. 8346:2017-06-24 7881:1091678717 7865:. London. 7802:2018-06-26 7739:2023-09-19 7331:References 7323:in Islam. 7297:Visual art 7239:Elif Şafak 7209:Literature 7194:Kabbalists 7129:Maimonides 7100:Al-Kusajri 7042:See also: 7004:improve it 6891:See also: 6873:Suhrawardi 6617:See also: 6339:al-Ghazali 6295:al-Ghazali 6230:asceticism 6199:Ana-l-Haqq 6160:Ibn 'Arabi 5985:Al-Dhahabi 5926:Ex-critics 5480:Al-Qashani 5472:Al-Baydawi 5334:al-'Adil I 5243:Abu Madyan 5078:Ibn 'Arabi 5045:pilgrimage 5003:al-Ghazali 4998:Al-Ghazālī 4920:Sulh-e-Kul 4904:Baba Farid 4759:Burhaniyya 4657:dictionary 4630:See also: 4501:At-Tajalli 4496:At-Tahlili 4372:Said Nursi 4285:, also in 4178:Shah Jalal 4160:Pakistan; 4130:Afāq Khoja 4098:Visitation 4086:(d. 801), 4078:(d. 729), 4074:(d. 728), 3780:meditation 3735:meditation 3693:is called 3672:meditation 3640:recitation 3493:neo-Sufism 3465:Neo-Sufism 3361:Tajikistan 3197:role model 3150:Ilahi-nama 3057:Shi'i Imam 3034:Divine Law 2816:Naqshbandi 2758:Grand Imam 2693:Modern era 2643:cliff, in 2619:South Asia 2589:tribes of 2495:order was 2493:Shadiliyya 2485:Chishtiyya 2475:order was 2453:Shadiliyya 2445:Chishtiyya 2291:pure Islam 2239:Tijaniyyah 2215:Rahmaniyya 2199:Naqshbandi 2171:Burhaniyya 2152:Twelverism 2144:Isma'ilism 2135:(singular 2100:Naqshbandi 2085:attributes 1850:Historian 1630:Nile Green 1626:monotheism 1545:modern era 1522:Shia Islam 1394:asceticism 1349:al-Ṣūfiyya 1105:Philosophy 842:(exegesis) 779:Pilgrimage 769:Almsgiving 600:Sufi music 369:Suhrawardi 359:Naqshbandi 26644:Venezuela 26589:Argentina 26506:Australia 26458:Nicaragua 26433:Guatemala 26233:Lithuania 26055:Sri Lanka 26050:Singapore 26030:Palestine 25918:Indonesia 25908:Hong Kong 25730:Mauritius 25451:Overviews 25406:Criticism 25359:Sectarian 25349:Terrorism 25324:Theocracy 25269:Happiness 25237:Pluralism 25222:Education 25148:Religion 25120:Salvation 25110:Sociology 25055:Religious 25035:Pantheism 25025:Nontheism 24918:Mountains 24896:Sacrifice 24851:Orthodoxy 24841:Mythology 24836:Mysticism 24725:Behaviour 24634:Canaanite 24617:Mithraism 24585:Pueblo IV 24575:Pueblo II 24480:Mazdakism 24455:Hungarian 24428:Mysteries 24337:Dravidian 24119:Hungarian 24035:Caucasian 24006:Godianism 23966:Agni Yoga 23956:Theosophy 23919:Rastafari 23894:Modekngei 23874:Brahmoism 23867:Syncretic 23859:movements 23857:religious 23769:Quimbanda 23717:Candomblé 23710:Diasporic 23489:Bathouism 23479:Benzhuism 23394:Tsimshian 23345:Purépecha 23266:Longhouse 23241:Sun Dance 23173:Blackfoot 23161:Wabunowin 23156:Midewiwin 23077:Malaysian 23067:Kapitayan 22877:Digambara 22862:Ayyavazhi 22827:Vajrayana 22792:Theravada 22705:Ganapatya 22678:Ramanandi 22607:Hoahaoism 22485:Yiguandao 22380:Yarsanism 22375:Shabakism 22362:Yazdânism 22352:Zurvanism 22347:Mazdaznan 22306:Rastafari 22301:Mandaeism 22175:Wahhabism 22155:Ash'arism 22118:Tolstoyan 22108:Spiritual 22098:Mormonism 22069:Judaizers 22042:Quakerism 22020:Methodist 22010:Irvingism 21961:Calvinism 21914:Adventism 21897:Moravians 21734:Abrahamic 21620:Symbolism 21578:Incidents 21556:Criticism 21448:Mormonism 21345:Astrology 21271:Cosmology 21266:Astronomy 21208:Arabesque 21075:Etiquette 21034:Blasphemy 20824:Economics 20639:Ahmadiyya 20581:Muhakkima 20528:Wahhabism 20518:Mu'tazili 20503:Ash'arism 19964:Modernism 19896:Sabbatean 19884:Kabbalist 19862:Ahmadiyya 19793:Kala Kato 19766:Kā‘bīyya 19697:Bishriyya 19677:Muʿtazila 19610:al-Juhani 19603:Qadariyah 19473:Kalandars 19453:Hāshwīyya 19341:Abū Shamr 19274:Zarībīyya 19271:Wāhidīyya 19262:Sūramīyya 19256:Razīnīyya 19232:Dhīmmīyya 19201:Hasan ibn 19175:Wahbiyyah 19122:Abu Qurra 19048:Muhakkima 18992:Hurufiyya 18979:Mahdiists 18894:Riyāhīyya 18875:Hārbīyya 18816:Aga Khans 18811:Assassins 18774:Sulaymani 18738:ad-Darazi 18676:Hārābātīs 18593:Qizilbash 18586:Shaykhism 18462:Jarudiyya 18373:Al-Ahbash 18354:Ash'arism 18287:Al-Albani 18267:Wahhabism 18112:Ahmadiyya 18053:Al-Khisal 17963:Al-Irshad 17918:Key books 17565:Al-Albani 17533:Wahhabism 17387:Mu'tazila 17376:Qadariyah 17254:Mu'attila 17169:Ibn Kemal 17164:Khidr Bey 17044:Hanafiyah 16979:Al-Bahūtī 16974:Ibn Ashir 16939:Ibn Arafa 16834:Ibn Furak 16829:Al-Maziri 16780:Ash'arism 16747:Cosmology 16724:Cosmology 16719:Astronomy 16691:Education 16436:Tagelmust 16431:Qashabiya 16406:Jellabiya 16310:Mausoleum 16003:Rahbaniya 15817:Waridates 15634:Muraqabah 15629:Muhasabah 15313:Mutahaqiq 15108:Aurangzeb 14978:Al-Darani 14727:Muraqabah 14695:Practices 14669:Idrisiyya 14655:Tijaniyya 14595:Ibn Arabi 14589:Akbariyya 14561:Desuqiyya 14547:Badawiyya 14533:Rifa'iyya 14477:Qadiriyya 14372:The Sufis 14064:(1): 184. 14007:0362-4331 13933:April 29, 13868:0261-3077 13844:. SFGate. 13828:Shah 1970 13797:26 August 13716:7 January 13682:7 January 13621:7 January 13587:7 January 13553:7 January 13519:7 January 13460:7 January 13384:Shah 1970 12585:Routledge 12313:Routledge 12279:Routledge 12245:Routledge 12173:Routledge 11939:Arab News 11491:13 August 11469:ignored ( 11429:977150850 11319:ignored ( 11309:cite book 10527:26 August 10426:certainty 10012:742957142 9801:26 August 9293:|4/8/2015 9209:211657444 9105:"Barelvi" 8929:166309522 8921:0887-7653 8488:13 August 8441:13 August 8318:Compare: 8206:1874-6691 7936:2690-3741 7889:cite book 7710:cite book 7702:191932004 7562:0585-5292 7488:0578-8072 7455:4 January 7378:Citations 7241:'s novel 7104:Al-Harawi 7020:July 2017 7008:verifying 6906:Al-Biruni 6819:Nasreddin 6721:Wahhabism 6602:Reception 6412:aphorisms 6184:ʿubudiyya 5977:Al-Nawawi 5558:Al-Suyuti 5503:Al-Safadi 5312:Ibn Malik 5059:Ibn Arabi 5018:Madariyya 4988:Aïn Madhi 4981:Tijaniyya 4757:order or 4755:Desuqiyya 4694:Jerusalem 4418:(both an 4348:theophany 4323:madrassas 4232:, pl. of 4168:, India; 4136:, China; 4080:Dawud Tai 4033:, plural 3959:harmonium 3850:Qadiriyya 3784:Dervishes 3719:Murāqabah 3491:The term 3481:Ma Laichi 3317:tahaqqaqa 3313:tafassaqa 3309:tazandaqa 3293:Qadi Iyad 3189:Ibn Arabi 3167:Al-Busiri 3138:Ibn Arabi 3084:mysticism 3019:Teachings 2828:Qadiriyya 2820:Mujaddidi 2473:Qadiriyya 2437:Rifa'iyya 2429:Qadiriyya 2207:Qadiriyya 2195:Muridiyya 2187:Madariyya 2183:Kubrawiya 2163:Badawiyya 2148:Safaviyya 1891:Dawud Tai 1644:Etymology 1638:mysticism 1560:Wahhabism 1554:(such as 1390:ritualism 1363:romanized 1343:romanized 1225:terrorism 1177:Criticism 1130:Sexuality 1100:Mysticism 1070:Festivals 1050:Education 1045:Economics 981:Academics 937:Caliphate 750:Practices 504:Issawiyya 479:Qalandari 444:Salihiyya 339:Ba 'Alawi 299:Muraqabah 278:Practices 26707:Religion 26670:Category 26634:Suriname 26624:Paraguay 26609:Colombia 26516:Kiribati 26443:Honduras 26413:Dominica 26388:Barbados 26353:Scotland 26313:Slovenia 26308:Slovakia 26283:Portugal 26153:Bulgaria 26075:Thailand 26025:Pakistan 26005:Mongolia 26000:Maldives 25995:Malaysia 25883:Cambodia 25830:Zimbabwe 25805:Tanzania 25655:Ethiopia 25650:Eswatini 25630:Djibouti 25595:Cameroon 25580:Botswana 25524:Timeline 25519:Scholars 25479:Founders 25339:Violence 25294:Politics 25164:Business 25127:Theology 24871:Prophecy 24861:Paganism 24749:Covenant 24716:Apostasy 24651:Scythian 24592:Rapa Nui 24546:Thracian 24541:Illyrian 24531:Albanian 24502:Sumerian 24445:Harappan 24381:Germanic 24376:Georgian 24369:Selk'nam 24354:Etruscan 24342:Egyptian 24320:Druidism 24283:Armenian 24206:Satanism 24186:Eckankar 24109:Estonian 24094:Romanian 24084:Ossetian 24064:Germanic 24013:Armenian 24002:African 23995:paganism 23924:Sant Mat 23914:Rajneesh 23889:Meivazhi 23884:Japanese 23841:Siberian 23774:Santería 23744:Convince 23610:Bushongo 23514:Kiratism 23441:Hmongism 23308:Wocekiye 23293:Jivaroan 23261:Iroquois 23256:Ho-Chunk 23205:Cherokee 23128:American 23099:Hawaiian 23012:Sarnaism 22982:Tungusic 22970:Tengrism 22960:Mongolic 22889:Sarnaism 22820:Nichiren 22797:Mahayana 22784:Buddhism 22762:Sant Mat 22752:Sauraism 22747:Smartism 22742:Shaktism 22735:Balinese 22720:Kaumaram 22715:Kapalika 22710:Kashmiri 22695:Shaivism 22635:Hinduism 22602:Caodaism 22546:Ryukyuan 22541:Tenrikyo 22536:Shugendō 22514:Japanese 22385:Yazidism 22370:Ishikism 22248:Quranism 22221:Khawarij 22170:Salafism 22165:Atharism 22054:Esoteric 22025:Holiness 22015:Lutheran 21976:Reformed 21956:Baptists 21929:Brethren 21893:Hussites 21881:Assyrian 21797:Haymanot 21751:Orthodox 21700:Religion 21658:Category 21551:Islamism 21534:Muhammad 21490:Apostasy 21465:Hinduism 21355:Feminism 21286:Medicine 21126:Military 21080:Gambling 21029:Apostasy 21024:Criminal 20936:Marriage 20905:Tayammum 20857:Murabaha 20730:Madrasas 20720:Holidays 20710:Clothing 20705:Children 20700:Calendar 20651:Quranism 20585:Khawarij 20557:Alawites 20508:Atharism 20402:Rashidun 20241:In Islam 20236:Muhammad 20081:Tawakkul 20048:Tawassul 20010:Taṣawwuf 19932:doctrine 19780:Quranism 19574:Namiriya 19203:Muḥāmmad 19196:Murji'ah 18910:Rawendis 18833:Satpanth 18754:Musta'li 18749:Fatimids 18647:Hurufism 18634:Alawites 18539:Sects in 18531:Mahdiist 18467:Batriyya 18413:Deobandi 18364:Shafi'is 18299:Jihadism 18246:Salafism 18214:Hanbalis 18195:Atharism 18108:Malfūzāt 18046:Al-Amali 17643:Hazimism 17355:Murji'ah 17279:Jahmīyya 17267:Mu'jbira 16859:Ibn Aqil 16446:Tarboosh 16401:Gandoura 16396:Djellaba 16013:Taqabbur 15763:Tawassul 15758:Tawakkul 15422:Concepts 15340:Qalandar 15303:Muqarrab 15298:Muqaddam 15281:Marabout 14866:Al-Burda 14752:Tawakkul 14747:Tabarruk 14742:Tawassul 14737:Tazkiyah 14346:(1996). 14303:(2013). 14293:26296782 14285:27513026 14221:(2001). 14096:(1995). 14072:(2007). 13907:70825403 13419:page 141 13328:Archived 13298:Archived 13264:Archived 13234:Archived 13204:Archived 13177:Archived 13074:Archived 12958:Archived 12846:Archived 12807:Geo News 12616:New York 12543:(2014). 12419:Malaysia 12415:Selangor 12407:(2018). 12271:(2013). 12207:New York 12199:(2013). 11848:57176198 11813:44147203 10690:askmufti 10598:, p. 77. 10274:(1368). 10237:(1368). 9898:(1985). 9787:"Sufism" 9490:Archived 9144:(2004). 9003:Berkeley 8891:(2015). 8815:(1993). 8668:(2014). 8645:Alim.org 8323:(2007). 7846:55505825 7826:(2002). 7793:"Sufism" 7759:(1993). 7610:(eds.). 7570:43577536 7496:20839016 7449:Archived 7174:Tasawwuf 7162:Hasidism 7114:Perushim 7087:— 6933:Muraqaba 6839:humanism 6717:Salafism 6677:violence 6426:and the 6203:apostasy 6083:Category 5971:Neutrals 5895:Ibn Iyas 5327:Students 5190:Teachers 5087:Akbarism 5069:a series 5066:Part of 5053:Makanpur 4962:Algerian 4681:— 4674:, Iraq: 4611:tazkiyah 4609:al nafs/ 4455:Khalwati 4370:scholar 4363:orders. 4361:Shadhili 4281:or درگه 4277:: درگاه 4207:Miracles 4056:miracles 4037:ʾawliyāʾ 3944:manqabat 3852:and the 3796:semazens 3731:muraqaba 3709:Muraqaba 3703:Muraqaba 3585:for all 3551:occasion 3351:Tomb of 3305:tasawwuf 3212:Tomb of 3106:Muhammad 3080:metaphor 3076:allegory 2992:Paradise 2940:Caucasus 2909:mystical 2742:theology 2719:Istanbul 2682:Istanbul 2611:Anatolia 2593:and the 2554:and the 2544:Jahangir 2349:Hanbalis 2341:tasawwuf 2330:tasawwuf 2307:Tasawwuf 2249:orders. 2247:Zahabiya 2231:Shadhili 2179:Khalwati 2167:Bektashi 2104:Abu Bakr 2042:khanqahs 2011:Muhammad 1845:Tasawwuf 1833:Tasawwuf 1708:tazkiyah 1703:tasawwuf 1614:tasawwuf 1610:Muhammad 1604:and the 1591:'Sufism' 1577:tasawwuf 1556:Salafism 1514:theology 1502:legalism 1455:Muhammad 1338:الصوفية‎ 1271:Glossary 1247:Jihadism 1220:Violence 1215:Islamism 1186:Muhammad 1172:Apostasy 1115:Politics 1065:Feminism 1060:Exorcism 1021:Diaspora 1006:Children 1001:Calendar 929:Rashidun 907:Muhammad 902:Timeline 863:Mathnawi 725:Prophets 669:a series 667:Part of 464:Shattari 429:Malamati 379:Khalwati 364:Shadhili 344:Bektashi 314:Whirling 284:Anasheed 211:Qalandar 79:Tomb of 53:a series 51:Part of 26693:Portals 26639:Uruguay 26614:Ecuador 26594:Bolivia 26571:Vanuatu 26498:Oceania 26448:Jamaica 26428:Grenada 26383:Bahamas 26343:England 26333:Ukraine 26288:Romania 26248:Moldova 26208:Ireland 26203:Iceland 26198:Hungary 26188:Germany 26178:Finland 26173:Estonia 26168:Denmark 26163:Czechia 26158:Croatia 26143:Belgium 26138:Belarus 26133:Austria 26128:Andorra 26123:Albania 26100:Vietnam 26010:Myanmar 25985:Lebanon 25903:Georgia 25863:Bahrain 25853:Armenia 25815:Tunisia 25785:Somalia 25770:Senegal 25755:Nigeria 25745:Namibia 25735:Morocco 25700:Liberia 25695:Lesotho 25645:Eritrea 25615:Comoros 25590:Burundi 25565:Algeria 25509:Outline 25474:Deities 25401:Atheism 25314:Science 25232:Freedom 25090:History 25057:studies 25010:Dualism 25000:Animism 24965:Worship 24945:Symbols 24886:Liturgy 24799:Goddess 24759:Deities 24740:Laicism 24730:Beliefs 24709:Aspects 24681:Zapotec 24676:Vainakh 24644:Yahwism 24629:Semitic 24558:Iranian 24460:Hurrian 24450:Hittite 24440:Guanche 24433:Orphism 24364:Fuegian 24359:Finnish 24347:Atenism 24293:Latvian 24278:Arabian 24221:Raëlism 24201:Jediism 24196:Goddess 24169:De novo 24057:Druidry 23951:Thelema 23904:New Age 23789:Umbanda 23680:Tumbuka 23665:Odinala 23650:Lugbara 23570:African 23536:African 23484:Bimoism 23474:Burmese 23320:Mapuche 23286:Wyandot 23246:Guarani 23227:Choctaw 23222:Chilote 23141:Alaskan 23136:Abenaki 23087:Tagalog 23060:Kejawèn 22909:Sikhism 22872:Jainism 22832:Tibetan 22815:Amidism 22683:Warkari 22597:Đạo Mẫu 22447:Chinese 22429:Eastern 22406:Roshani 22325:Iranian 22233:Alevism 22226:Ibadism 22199:Zaydism 21876:Ancient 21847:Eastern 21807:Renewal 21792:Karaite 21773:Zionist 21761:Hasidic 21743:Judaism 21725:Western 21605:Nursing 21566:Qutbism 21480:Sikhism 21475:Judaism 21470:Jainism 21460:Druzism 21296:Physics 21243:Pottery 21228:Gardens 21223:Carpets 21138:Slavery 21060:Divorce 21047:Dhabiĥa 20875:Hygiene 20850:Takaful 20832:Banking 20762:Science 20756:Qurbani 20725:Mosques 20685:Animals 20674:Culture 20608:Nukkari 20603:Azzabas 20590:Azariqa 20574:Zaydism 20562:Alevism 20438:Ottoman 20428:Almohad 20423:Fatimid 20418:Córdoba 20413:Abbasid 20408:Umayyad 20341:Leaders 20336:History 20294:Shahada 20209:Beliefs 20130:Shafi'i 20120:Hanbali 20086:Tewafuq 20066:Sadaqah 20027:Barelvi 20018:Ṭarīqah 19872:Qadiani 19845:beliefs 19620:Alevism 19467:Dimashq 19253:Nūnīyya 19247:Maʿīyya 19207:ibn al- 19182:Azzabas 19143:Ibadism 19131:Nukkari 19085:Azariqa 19070:Ajardi 19017:Bábīyya 18923:Sunpadh 18855:Mukhtār 18820:Nizaris 18795:Alevism 18769:Dawoodi 18759:Tayyibi 18721:Sevener 18700:Fathite 18574:Akhbari 18569:Ja'fari 18556:Twelver 18535:Shi'ite 18472:Imamate 18449:Zaydism 18400:Barelvi 18387:Hanafis 18359:Malikis 18328:Maqrizi 18277:Ibn Baz 18236:Zahiris 17998:Masnavi 17550:Ibn Baz 17364:Dimashq 17064:Shafi‘i 16994:'Illish 16729:Physics 16711:Science 16534:Masnavi 16441:Taqiyah 16416:Misbaha 16391:Burnous 16374:Objects 16325:Musalla 16305:Maqbara 16295:Madrasa 16285:Külliye 16280:Khanqah 16275:Khalawi 16255:Gongbei 16159:Qawwali 16149:Nasheed 16132:Ashewiq 16116:Ziyarat 16091:Silsila 16018:Zandaqa 15977:Walayah 15955:Tajalli 15911:Ma'rifa 15896:Karamat 15876:Hidayah 15830:Basirah 15825:Barakah 15768:Tazkiah 15746:Tawajud 15734:Takhlia 15705:Tafakur 15666:Salawat 15473:Ghaflah 15355:Rabbani 15308:Murshid 15286:Mudaqiq 15276:Majzoob 15246:Dervish 14783:Karamat 14717:Ziyarat 14049:Sources 13334:26 June 13307:26 June 13270:26 June 13240:26 June 13210:26 June 13183:26 June 12748:Reuters 12513:Lebanon 11383:15 July 10791:12 June 10766:12 June 10695:12 June 10672:intent. 10665:12 June 9880:silsila 9692:(ed.). 9009:, 2007. 8960:, p. 32 8895:Awiliyā 8866:, Brill 8352:Sufism. 8327:(ed.). 8239:(ed.). 8127:(ed.). 7734:Amaliah 7291:Prophet 7204:Culture 7170:Hasidic 7002:Please 6943:to the 6929:Samadhi 6780:in the 5420:Baybars 4992:Algeria 4829:order. 4796:Hanbali 4792:Baghdad 4788:Hanbali 4761:order. 4655:Persian 4653:from a 4619:Barakah 4490:Tajalli 4458:Jerrahi 4422:in the 4401:latâ'if 4368:Ottoman 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2034:zawiyas 2026:majalis 1931:tazkiah 1796:Ṣahabah 1791: 1784:بَيْعَة 1769:Muslims 1759:Origins 1748:History 1585: 1461:tazkiya 1416:صُوفِيّ 1372:) is a 1365:: 1358:التصوف‎ 1345:: 1142:Slavery 1125:Science 1080:Madrasa 1075:Finance 986:Animals 974:society 970:Culture 942:Imamate 922:Sahabah 895:History 865:(Poems) 850:(creed) 774:Fasting 702:Oneness 695:Beliefs 610:Ziyarat 595:History 585:Ma'rifa 547:Singers 509:Jerrahi 499:Inayati 459:Mevlevi 454:Kubrawi 449:Azeemia 434:Mouridi 419:Jelveti 414:Bayrami 404:Darqawi 384:Rahmani 354:Chishti 319:Ziyarat 304:Qawwali 256:Tazkiah 221:Silsila 196:Murshid 181:Ma'rifa 161:Karamat 116:Dervish 41:Tazkiah 26735:Sufism 26680:Portal 26619:Guyana 26599:Brazil 26566:Tuvalu 26463:Panama 26453:Mexico 26398:Canada 26393:Belize 26323:Sweden 26303:Serbia 26293:Russia 26278:Poland 26273:Norway 26253:Monaco 26223:Latvia 26218:Kosovo 26193:Greece 26183:France 26115:Europe 26080:Turkey 26065:Taiwan 25970:Kuwait 25943:Jordan 25933:Israel 25893:Cyprus 25878:Brunei 25873:Bhutan 25825:Zambia 25820:Uganda 25760:Rwanda 25715:Malawi 25675:Guinea 25665:Gambia 25570:Angola 25557:Africa 25366:Wealth 25309:Schism 25264:Growth 25188:Priest 25173:Clergy 24992:Theism 24975:Nature 24970:Astral 24913:Groves 24881:Ritual 24866:Prayer 24824:Novice 24774:Ethnic 24699:Topics 24671:Urartu 24666:Tongan 24661:Somali 24656:Slavic 24536:Dacian 24315:Celtic 24310:Basque 24288:Baltic 24139:Udmurt 24104:Uralic 24099:Slavic 24052:Celtic 24040:Abkhaz 24028:Romuva 24018:Baltic 23993:Modern 23836:Papuan 23799:Voodoo 23754:Kumina 23695:Yoruba 23685:Urhobo 23655:Maasai 23640:Lotuko 23588:Baluba 23578:Akamba 23551:Berber 23509:Heraka 23499:Dongba 23377:Pueblo 23372:Pawnee 23362:Navajo 23352:Muisca 23315:Lenape 23303:Lakota 23281:Seneca 23271:Mohawk 23193:Ohlone 23168:Apache 23151:Ojibwe 23126:Native 22992:Manchu 22987:Evenki 22948:Altaic 22939:Ethnic 22914:Khalsa 22867:Kalash 22757:Śrauta 22626:Indian 22556:Korean 22522:Shinto 22492:Taoism 22465:Luoism 22291:Baháʼí 22286:Bábism 22238:Ahmadi 22216:Sufism 22209:Alawis 21859:Church 21787:Reform 21768:Modern 21756:Haredi 21417: 21375:poetry 21185: 21070:Ethics 21054:Dhimmi 21013:Baligh 20974:Mahram 20931:Family 20911:Toilet 20891:Miswak 20644:Lahori 20627:Najdat 20523:Salafi 20473:Seerah 20468:Tafsir 20463:Hadith 20433:Sokoto 20378:Sahaba 20253:Angels 20230:Tawhid 20187:topics 20135:Zahiri 20125:Maliki 20115:Hanafi 20091:Thawab 20071:Sunnah 19996:Other 19952:Hizmet 19916:Zikris 19887:Dönmes 19877:Lahori 19843:Muslim 19663:Rifa`i 19608:Ma'bad 19490:Tajsīm 19438:Tamsīl 19165:Ifrani 19105:Najdat 19008:Shayki 18977:Other 18945:Mazyar 18824:Khojas 18802:Nizari 18781:Hafizi 18742:Druzes 18723: 18667:Alians 18621:Ghulat 18101:Alawis 17368:Nabati 17333:Abdals 17315:Juzjan 17054:Maliki 16739:Sufism 16663:Ethics 16650:Aqidah 16642:Fields 16621:Fields 16451:Turban 16421:Miswak 16411:Khirqa 16386:Balgha 16381:Ammama 16365:Zawiya 16355:Turbah 16320:Mosque 16290:Kuttab 16270:Khalwa 16250:Gonbad 16245:Eidgah 16235:Dargah 16223:Places 16111:Wezeea 16106:Tweeza 16101:Tariqa 16086:Sebiba 16064:Mawsim 16059:Mawlid 16054:Idjaza 16039:Bay'ah 16034:Ashura 15960:Thawab 15950:Secret 15933:Rabita 15906:Khatir 15891:Ishrak 15871:Haqiqa 15847:Djadba 15790:Wazifa 15722:Tahlia 15710:Tahara 15683:Shuhud 15624:Lazimi 15619:Latifa 15607:Ichara 15566:Djamaa 15543:Yaqeen 15429:Aayane 15380:Talibe 15370:Siddiq 15365:Sheikh 15271:Khatib 15261:Hezzab 15211:Sufism 15171:Portal 15049:Ruwaym 14722:Mawlid 14460:Sufism 14412: 14382: 14356: 14313: 14291: 14283: 14252: 14231: 14207: 14186: 14165: 14144: 14125: 14106: 14082: 14005: 13976:1 July 13972:. 2020 13905: 13895: 13866: 13707: 13673: 13646: 13612: 13578: 13544: 13510: 13451: 13415: 13371:598339 13369: 13326:. FP. 13138: 13104: 13066: 13033: 12753:London 12724: 12690: 12630: 12618:: The 12591: 12557: 12523: 12509:Beirut 12478: 12425: 12354: 12319: 12285: 12251: 12217: 12179: 12169:London 12141: 12107: 12072: 12037: 12003: 11970: 11846: 11836: 11811: 11763: 11670: 11645: 11620: 11593: 11566: 11427: 11297: 11273: 11244:Lataif 11215: 11205:jadhba 11190: 11170: 10962: 10851: 10634:"None" 10594: 10503: 10457: 10436: 10411: 10399: 10288:14 May 10252:14 May 10204: 10181: 10032: 10010: 10000: 9965: 9941: 9914: 9874: 9850: 9826: 9737: 9608: 9587: 9540: 9528: 9333: 9310: 9289: 9264:] 9233: 9207: 9197: 9152: 9062: 9026: 8952: 8927: 8919: 8825: 8780: 8756: 8695:4 June 8686: 8623: 8557: 8514: 8405: 8337: 8263: 8245:Boston 8204: 8194: 8176:Leiden 8153: 8135:Leiden 8085: 7934: 7879: 7869: 7844: 7834: 7808:times. 7769: 7700: 7690: 7665:29 May 7658:Tariqa 7636: 7618:Leiden 7568: 7560: 7519: 7494: 7486: 7441: 7423:Oxford 7321:martyr 7223:Turkey 7182:sheikh 7167:Jewish 7068:Hebrew 6941:tariqa 6939:, and 6937:Dhyana 6823:Seljuk 6752:bid‘ah 6739:, and 6700:jurist 6697:Shiite 6683:. The 6649:shrine 6453:Qur'an 6432:tawhid 6428:Sunnah 6424:Qur'an 6218:Sheikh 6173:tawhid 6109: 6085: 6081: 6042: 6023: 5758: 5166: 5089: 5049:Medina 5033:Aleppo 4827:Qadiri 4822:tafsir 4817:hadith 4808:hadith 4778:Shiraz 4728:Sunnah 4724:Bastam 4591:Sheikh 4558:Marifa 4537:Farasa 4381:sunnah 4356:jadhba 4313:Dargah 4295:shrine 4283:dargah 4279:dargâh 4270:dargah 4247:karama 4227:کرامات 4223:Arabic 4201:Mawlid 4182:Sylhet 4158:Multan 4150:Lahore 4104:Ziyara 4064:hadith 4052:saints 4043:أولياء 4027:Arabic 4012:(1552) 3999:mystic 3981:Saints 3967:dholak 3952:ghazal 3854:Chisti 3804:سماعزن 3680:trance 3678:, and 3591:hadith 3539:aqidah 3423:Nizami 3411:Rudaki 3381:sharia 3287:Maliki 3267:tawhid 3245:haqiqa 3239:tariqa 3234:sharia 3155:sunnah 3078:, and 2980:Multan 2930:, and 2893:Kosovo 2885:Cyprus 2852:Uwaisi 2792:Alians 2773:Maliki 2765:Hanafi 2666:zawiya 2649:Bosnia 2617:, and 2605:, and 2501:Hanafi 2497:Maliki 2491:; the 2489:Hanafi 2417:orders 2337:sharia 2287:Spirit 2243:Uwaisi 2219:Rifa'i 2119:tariqa 2113:, pl. 2111:tariqa 2067:hadith 1982:tariqa 1970:Tariqa 1958:Ruwaym 1899:sunnah 1841:Sheikh 1825:hadith 1821:Sahaba 1817:Shaykh 1813:bayʿah 1780:Arabic 1730:suffah 1606:sunnah 1429:tariqa 1392:, and 1374:mystic 1354:Arabic 1334:Arabic 1330:Sufism 1196:Hadith 1110:Poetry 1090:Mosque 1055:Ethics 880:Sharia 848:Aqidah 840:Tafsir 824:Hadith 818:Sunnah 762:Prayer 713:Angels 580:Haqiqa 575:Tariqa 570:Sharia 565:Tawhid 519:Zahedi 514:Madari 489:Galibi 484:Akbari 469:Uwaisi 409:Senusi 399:Tijani 394:Desuqi 389:Badawi 374:Rifa`i 349:Qadiri 266:Yaqeen 176:Manzil 171:Lataif 141:Haqiqa 64:Sufism 26719:Islam 26604:Chile 26561:Tonga 26551:Samoa 26541:Palau 26531:Nauru 26438:Haiti 26358:Wales 26318:Spain 26243:Malta 26213:Italy 26105:Yemen 26060:Syria 26040:Qatar 26015:Nepal 25990:Macau 25953:Korea 25938:Japan 25913:India 25888:China 25800:Sudan 25750:Niger 25705:Libya 25690:Kenya 25670:Ghana 25660:Gabon 25635:Egypt 25575:Benin 25484:Index 25455:lists 25319:State 25137:Women 25005:Deism 24980:Place 24960:Water 24955:Truth 24923:Trees 24779:Faith 24744:Laity 24639:Punic 24597:Roman 24563:Vedic 24521:Olmec 24408:Greek 24401:Norse 24325:Irish 24146:Wicca 23941:Subud 23831:Inuit 23804:Winti 23794:Vodou 23759:Obeah 23739:Comfa 23722:Bantu 23675:Serer 23660:Mbuti 23620:Dogon 23615:Dinka 23598:Kongo 23593:Bantu 23519:Qiang 23409:Yaqui 23340:Olmec 23330:Aztec 23251:Haida 23188:Miwok 23183:Kuksu 23104:Māori 23035:Dayak 22956:Turko 22919:Sects 22855:Other 22810:Thiền 22394:Other 22296:Druze 22274:Other 22150:Sunni 22142:Islam 21924:Amish 21842:Latin 21539:Quran 21419:Other 21314:Early 21238:Music 21154:Kalam 21108:Jizya 21096:Hudud 20981:Nikah 20898:Najis 20884:Ghusl 20843:Sukuk 20772:Women 20740:Music 20715:Flags 20620:Sufri 20613:Wahbi 20598:Ibadi 20498:Sunni 20458:Quran 20315:Zakat 20301:Salah 20264:Qadar 20222:Allah 20185:Islam 20076:Taqwa 19465:ī ad- 19463:Fāris 19117:Sufri 18940:Babak 18764:Alavi 18730:Hamza 18688:Imami 18579:Usuli 18552:Imami 18543:Islam 18527:Imami 18309:Sahwa 17372:Murjī 17366:ī an- 17317:ī al- 17308:Balkh 17032:Sunni 17029:Early 16701:Peace 16696:Logic 16668:Kalam 16629:Books 16501:Books 16360:Türbe 16350:Takya 16345:Surau 16340:Ribat 16335:Rauza 16330:Qubba 16315:Mazar 16300:Maqam 16230:Daara 16154:Naʽat 16139:] 16081:] 16074:Sbooa 16069:Salka 16044:Haḍra 16008:Shath 15982:Warid 15972:] 15945:Ru'ya 15940:] 15928:] 15921:Qabdh 15901:Kashf 15886:Irfan 15881:Ilham 15866:] 15854:] 15842:] 15780:] 15753:] 15741:] 15729:] 15717:] 15695:Shukr 15690:] 15678:] 15656:] 15649:Sahar 15614:] 15602:] 15595:Ibara 15585:] 15578:Djoua 15573:] 15561:Dhikr 15553:Awrad 15513:Maqam 15493:Ihsan 15483:Hijab 15463:Dhawq 15458:Baqaa 15448:] 15436:] 15402:Wasil 15392:] 15360:Salik 15345:Qāriʾ 15325:Murid 15320:] 15293:] 15256:Hafiz 15251:Fakir 15226:Abdal 15219:Sufis 14808:Salik 14803:Murid 14793:Dhawq 14778:Kashf 14768:Ihsan 14761:Ideas 14732:Taqwa 14707:Haḍra 14702:Dhikr 14289:S2CID 14281:JSTOR 13367:JSTOR 13301:(PDF) 13290:(PDF) 12344:India 11809:JSTOR 11401:with 10971:2 May 10476:(PDF) 10279:(PDF) 10242:(PDF) 10155:(PDF) 9819:Islam 9688:. In 9651:2 May 9629:2 May 9273:(PDF) 9266:(PDF) 9260:[ 9205:S2CID 8978:Paris 8925:S2CID 7566:JSTOR 7492:JSTOR 7336:Notes 7219:Konya 7154:Egypt 7082:Torah 7066:into 7058:, of 6956:baqaa 6925:Fanaa 6774:Sinai 6766:Egypt 6758:shirk 6742:dhikr 6637:grave 6633:Ḍarīẖ 6578:] 6525:] 6506:] 6487:] 6468:] 6416:Allah 6403:] 6380:] 6361:] 6286:] 6263:] 6226:Egypt 6222:Luxor 6095:Media 6035:] 6000:] 5879:] 5864:] 5825:] 5724:] 5677:] 5534:] 5495:] 5464:] 5372:] 5357:] 5304:] 5289:] 5274:] 5227:] 5178:] 5151:] 5138:] 5035:to a 5029:Syria 4912:Ajmer 4865:hizbs 4850:dhikr 4798:law. 4698:Basra 4690:death 4672:Basra 4607:Jihad 4546:Ilham 4529:Maqam 4513:maqam 4480:Kashf 4299:saint 4235:کرامة 4174:Delhi 4166:Ajmer 4142:Sindh 4126:Kulob 4060:Quran 4048:saint 3995:saint 3963:tabla 3940:na'at 3842:hırka 3809:kemal 3691:dhikr 3687:dhikr 3656:dance 3626:dhikr 3622:dhikr 3615:dhikr 3611:dhikr 3603:dhikr 3599:dhikr 3595:dhikr 3583:Quran 3578:Dhikr 3564:Dhikr 3558:Dhikr 3546:means 3515:dhikr 3479:) of 3431:Sanai 3427:Hafez 3419:Attar 3357:Kulob 3328:Amman 3297:saint 3256:sulûk 3251:salik 3163:Egypt 3061:Allah 3013:qanun 3005:fitra 2881:Alevi 2870:Cairo 2746:Egypt 2674:tekke 2672:, or 2595:Sudan 2591:Libya 2548:saint 2521:Islam 2409:LACMA 2137:murīd 2059:ihsan 2049:tekke 1990:ṭuruq 1986:(pl. 1776:bayah 1765:Hejaz 1734:dhikr 1714:تزكية 1602:Quran 1536:dhikr 1530:Irfan 1481:fitra 1473:ihsan 1437:ṭuruq 1433:(pl. 1422:ṣūfīy 1378:Islam 1242:Jihad 1191:Quran 1152:Women 1095:Music 1033:Sunni 882:(law) 830:Sirah 811:Quran 795:Texts 677:Islam 294:Haḍra 289:Dhikr 251:Salik 191:Murid 186:Maqam 166:Kashf 151:Irfan 146:Ihsan 126:Fakir 121:Dhawq 111:Baqaa 97:Abdal 91:Ideas 57:Islam 26629:Peru 26511:Fiji 26408:Cuba 26020:Oman 25980:Laos 25928:Iraq 25923:Iran 25840:Asia 25810:Togo 25720:Mali 25610:Chad 25453:and 25380:and 24950:Text 24930:Soul 24819:Monk 24784:Fire 24465:Inca 24273:Ainu 24157:list 24134:Sámi 23764:Palo 23732:Ketu 23727:Jejé 23645:Lozi 23625:Efik 23603:Zulu 23583:Akan 23436:Ahom 23428:Miao 23426:and 23414:Zuni 23387:Hopi 23335:Maya 23232:Crow 23198:Pomo 22845:list 22802:Chan 22773:list 22730:Nath 22528:list 22264:list 22189:Shia 22131:list 21818:list 21200:Arts 21131:POWs 21065:Diet 20995:Zina 20967:Mahr 20953:Haya 20917:Wudu 20864:Riba 20777:LGBT 20669:Life 20542:Shia 20537:Sufi 20322:Hajj 20308:Sawm 18847:Shia 17244:Rumi 16686:‘Aql 16164:Sama 16125:Arts 15859:Fath 15835:Bast 15807:Zuhd 15802:Wird 15785:Wajd 15773:Uzla 15671:Samt 15644:Sabr 15538:Sadr 15523:Qalb 15518:Nafs 15498:Ishq 15488:Huwa 15468:Fana 15397:Wali 15350:Qutb 15266:Imam 14798:Ishq 14773:Wajd 14712:Zuhd 14410:ISBN 14380:ISBN 14354:ISBN 14311:ISBN 14250:ISBN 14229:ISBN 14205:ISBN 14184:ISBN 14163:ISBN 14142:ISBN 14123:ISBN 14104:ISBN 14080:ISBN 14003:ISSN 13978:2020 13935:2024 13903:OCLC 13893:ISBN 13864:ISSN 13799:2015 13718:2022 13705:ISBN 13684:2022 13671:ISBN 13644:ISBN 13623:2022 13610:ISBN 13589:2022 13576:ISBN 13555:2022 13542:ISBN 13521:2022 13508:ISBN 13487:2021 13462:2022 13449:ISBN 13413:ISBN 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