553:
nourishment and moisture from the lower soil. If the latter is too hard, the roots will not penetrate it readily and, as a result, the plant will be pushed up and out of the earth during the process of growth. A hard subsoil is impervious to water and prevents proper drainage. It should not be too loose, however, as this allows the water to pass through more freely than is desirable. Ideally, the soil should be deep, fairly fine and easily penetrable by the roots. It should also be capable of retaining moisture and at the same time admit of a free circulation of air and good drainage. Sugar beet crops exhaust the soil rapidly. Crop rotation is recommended and necessary. Normally, beets are grown in the same ground every third year, peas, beans or grain being raised the other two years.
1468:) deregulated glyphosate-resistant sugar beets after it conducted an environmental assessment and determined glyphosate-resistant sugar beets were highly unlikely to become a plant pest. Sugar from glyphosate-resistant sugar beets has been approved for human and animal consumption in multiple countries, but commercial production of biotech beets has been approved only in the United States and Canada. Studies have concluded the sugar from glyphosate-resistant sugar beets has the same nutritional value as sugar from conventional sugar beets. After deregulation in 2005, glyphosate-resistant sugar beets were extensively adopted in the United States. About 95% of sugar beet acres in the US were planted with glyphosate-resistant seed in 2011.
484:
526:
inches) of rainfall are necessary to raise an average crop. High winds are harmful, as they generally crust the land and prevent the young beets from coming through the ground. The best results are obtained along the coast of southern
California, where warm, sunny days succeeded by cool, foggy nights seem to meet sugar beet's favored growth conditions. Sunshine of long duration but not of great intensity is the most important factor in the successful cultivation of sugar beets. Near the equator, the shorter days and the greater heat of the sun sharply reduce the sugar content in the beet.
840:
1503:, revoked the deregulation of glyphosate-resistant sugar beets and declared it unlawful for growers to plant glyphosate-resistant sugar beets in the spring of 2011. Believing a sugar shortage would occur USDA-APHIS developed three options in the environmental assessment to address the concerns of environmentalists. In 2011, a federal appeals court for the Northern district of California in San Francisco overturned the ruling. In July 2012, after completing an environmental impact assessment and a plant pest risk assessment the USDA deregulated Monsanto's Roundup Ready sugar beets.
1034:
714:
355:
347:
985:
928:
861:
468:
1352:
4953:
4454:
4444:
1223:
131:
261:. In 2020, Russia, the United States, Germany, France and Turkey were the world's five largest sugar beet producers. In 2010–2011, Europe, and North America except Arctic territories failed to supply the overall domestic demand for sugar and were all net importers of sugar. The US harvested 1,004,600 acres (406,547 ha) of sugar beets in 2008. In 2009, sugar beets accounted for 20% of the world's sugar production and nearly 30% by 2013.
819:
1165:
25:
756:
1480:. A study from the UK suggests yields of genetically modified beet were greater than conventional, while another from the North Dakota State University extension service found lower yields. The introduction of glyphosate-resistant sugar beets may contribute to the growing number of glyphosate-resistant weeds, so Monsanto has developed a program to encourage growers to use different herbicide modes of action to control their weeds.
393:, professor of physics in the Academy of Science of Berlin, isolated sugar from beetroots and found them at concentrations of 1.3–1.6%. He also demonstrated that the sugar that could be extracted from beets was identical to that produced from cane. He found the best of these vegetable sources for sugar was the white beet. Despite Marggraf's success in isolating sugar from beets, it did not lead to commercial sugar production.
798:
476:
735:
893:
777:
693:
672:
327:, which grows exclusively in the tropical and subtropical zones. The average weight of a sugar beet ranges between 0.5 and 1 kg (1.1 and 2.2 lb). Sugar beet foliage has a rich, brilliant green color and grows to a height of about 35 cm (14 in). The leaves are numerous and broad and grow in a tuft from the crown of the beet, which is usually level with or just above the ground surface.
618:. Straw bales are used to shield the beets from the weather. Provided the clamp is well built with the right amount of ventilation, the beets do not significantly deteriorate. Beets that freeze and then defrost, produce complex carbohydrates that cause severe production problems in the factory. In the UK, loads may be hand examined at the factory gate before being accepted.
1327:, because it has a lower water content (resulting in better storage properties). Both the beet bulb and the leaves (with 25% protein) are fed to cattle. Although long considered toxic to cattle, harvested beet bulbs can be fed to cattle if they are appropriately transitioned to their new diet. Dairy cattle in New Zealand can thrive on just pasture and beets, without
451:(now Konary, Poland). The idea to produce sugar from beet was soon introduced to France, whence the European sugar beet industry rapidly expanded. By 1840, about 5% of the world's sugar was derived from sugar beets, and by 1880, this number had risen more than tenfold to over 50%. In North America, the first commercial production started in 1879 at a farm in
586:-like device that could be pulled by a horse team, the rest of the preparation was by hand. One laborer grabbed the beets by their leaves, knocked them together to shake free loose soil, and then laid them in a row, root to one side, greens to the other. A second worker equipped with a beet hook (a short-handled tool between a
625:
and the further growth of the root. Depending on the local climate, it may be carried out over the course of a few weeks or be prolonged throughout the winter months. The harvest and processing of the beet is referred to as "the campaign", reflecting the organization required to deliver the crop at a
1088:
The second method to produce alcohol from sugar beet is to ferment the sugar beet themselves. I.e. without attempting to produce sugar. The idea to distill sugar from the beet came up soon after the first beet sugar factory was established. Between 1852 and 1854 Champonnois devised a good system to
573:
has developed the so-called tropical sugar beet. It allows the plant to grow in tropical and subtropical regions. Beets are planted from a small seed; 1 kg (2.2 lb) of beet seed comprises 100,000 seeds and will plant over one hectare (2.5 acres) of ground (one pound or 0.45 kilograms will
900:
The world harvested 260,998,614 metric tons (256,900,000 long tons; 287,700,000 short tons) of sugar beets in 2022. The world's largest producer was Russia, with a 48,907,753 metric tons (48,100,000 long tons; 53,900,000 short tons) harvest. The average yield of sugar beet crops worldwide was 60.8
552:
To cultivate beets successfully, the land must be properly prepared. Deep ploughing is the first principle of beet culture. It allows the roots to penetrate the subsoil without much obstruction, thereby preventing the beet from growing out of the ground, besides enabling it to extract considerable
610:
lifts the root, and removes excess soil from the root in a single pass over the field. A modern harvester is typically able to cover six rows at the same time. The beets are dumped into trucks as the harvester rolls down the field, and then delivered to the factory. The conveyor then removes more
1314:
The feedstock-to-yield ratio for sugarbeet is 56:9. Therefore, it takes 6.22 kg of sugar beet to produce 1 kg of ethanol (approximately 1.27 L at room temperature). In 2006 it was found that producing ethanol from sugar beet or cane became profitable when market prices for ethanol were
525:
Climatic conditions, temperature, sunshine, rainfall and winds have an important bearing upon the success of sugar beet agriculture. A temperature ranging from 15 to 21 °C (59 to 70 °F) during the growing months is most favorable. In the absence of adequate irrigation, 460 mm (18
425:, meaning white Silesian sugar beet. In about 1800, this cultivar boasted about 5–6% sucrose by (dry) weight. It would go on to be the progenitor of all modern sugar beets. The plant breeding process has continued since then, leading to a sucrose content of around 18% in modern varieties.
1517:. It has been sequenced and two reference genome sequences have already been generated. The genome size of the sugar beet is approximately 731 (714–758) Megabases, and sugar beet DNA is packaged in 18 metacentric chromosomes (2n=2x=18). All sugar beet centromeres are made up of a single
1491:, the Organic Seed Alliance and High Mowing Seeds filed a lawsuit against USDA-APHIS regarding their decision to deregulate glyphosate-resistant sugar beets in 2005. The organizations expressed concerns regarding glyphosate-resistant sugar beets' ability to potentially
1230:
An unrefined sugary syrup can be produced directly from sugar beet. This thick, dark syrup is produced by cooking shredded sugar beet for several hours, then pressing the resulting mash and concentrating the juice produced until it has a consistency similar to that of
1372:("root madness"), which turns the bulbous tap root into many small roots, making the crop economically unprocessable. Strict controls are enforced in European countries to prevent the spread, but it is already present in some areas. It is also susceptible to both the
939:. This is done in a beet sugar factory, often abbreviated to sugar factory. Nowadays these most of the time also act as a sugar refinery, but historically the beet sugar factory produced raw sugar and the sugar refinery refined raw sugar to create white sugar.
999:
The next steps to produce white sugar are not specific for producing sugar from sugar beet. They also apply to producing white sugar from sugar cane. As such, they belong to the sugar refining process, not to the beet sugar production process per se.
2033:"Experiences chimiques faites dans le dessein de tirer un veritable sucre de diverses plantes, qui croissent dans nos contrées (Chemical experiments made with the intention of extracting real sugar from diverse plants that grow in our lands)"
1315:
close to $ 4 per gallon. According to
Atlantic Biomass president Robert Kozak, a study at University of Maryland Eastern Shore indicates sugar beets appear capable of producing 860 to 900 gallons (3,256 to 3,407 liters) of ethanol per acre.
3034:
Weber, Beatrice; Wenke, Torsten; Frömmel, Ulrike; et al. (1 February 2010). "The Ty1-copia families SALIRE and
Cotzilla populating the Beta vulgaris genome show remarkable differences in abundance, chromosomal distribution, and age".
1475:
without harming the crop. After planting sugar beet seed, weeds emerge in fields and growers apply glyphosate to control them. Glyphosate is commonly used in field crops because it controls a broad spectrum of weed species and has a low
1627:
The volume will be completely devoted to the sea beet, that is, the ancestor of all the cultivated beets. The wild plant, growing mainly on the shore of the
Mediterranean Sea, remains very important as source of useful traits for beet
1050:) from sugar beet. The first method produces alcohol as a byproduct of manufacturing sugar. It is about fermenting the sugar beet molasses that are left after (the second) centrifugation. This strongly resembles the manufacture of
605:
application for weed control, and mechanical harvesting have displaced this reliance on manual farm work. A root beater uses a series of blades to chop the leaf and crown (which is high in nonsugar impurities) from the root. The
560:
climates, beets are planted in the spring and harvested in the autumn. At the northern end of its range, growing seasons as short as 100 days can produce commercially viable sugar beet crops. In warmer climates, such as in
918:
farmers have achieved yields of about 160 tonnes per hectare and over 26 tonnes sugar per hectare. Imperial Valley farms benefit from high intensities of incident sunlight and intensive use of irrigation and fertilizers.
2249:
577:
Until the latter half of the 20th century, sugar beet production was highly labor-intensive, as weed control was managed by densely planting the crop, which then had to be manually thinned two or three times with a
1089:
distill alcohol from sugar beet. Within a few years a large sugar distilling industry was created in France. The current process to produce alcohol by fermenting and distilling sugar beet consists of these steps:
2942:
Zakrzewski, Falk; Weber, Beatrice; Schmidt, Thomas (2013), "A Molecular
Cytogenetic Analysis of the Structure, Evolution, and Epigenetic Modifications of Major DNA Sequences in Centromeres of Beta Species",
594:) followed behind, and would lift the beet and swiftly chop the crown and leaves from the root with a single action. Working this way, he would leave a row of beets that could be forked into the back of a
626:
steady rate to processing factories that run 24 hours a day for the duration of the harvest and processing (for the UK, the campaign lasts about five months). In the
Netherlands, this period is known as
1835:
529:
In high elevation regions such as those of Idaho, Colorado and Utah, where the temperature is high during the daytime, but where the nights are cool, the quality of the sugar beet is excellent. In
2895:"A sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) reference FISH karyotype for chromosome and chromosome-arm identification, integration of genetic linkage groups and analysis of major repeat family distribution"
2167:
537:, where production is concentrated, lies between the 41st and 46th parallels North) and the influence of the Great Lakes result in satisfactory climatic conditions for sugar beet culture.
1500:
1383:
Continual research looks for varieties with resistance, as well as increased sugar yield. Sugar beet breeding research in the United States is most prominently conducted at various
3329:
160:
507:
is not necessarily detrimental, as sugar beets are not especially susceptible to injury by some alkali. The ground should be fairly level and well-drained, especially where
269:. In February 2015, a USDA factsheet reported that sugar beets generally account for about 55 percent of domestically produced sugar, and sugar cane for about 45 percent.
2444:"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/48 of 11 January 2018 entering a name in the register of traditional specialities guaranteed [Suikerstroop (TSG)]"
970:
Nowadays, most sugar factories then refine the raw juice themselves, without moving it to a sugar refinery. The beet pulp is processed on site to become cattle fodder.
2206:
1811:
1016:
The remaining liquor is then boiled and centrifuged, producing a lower grade of crystallised sugar (which is redissolved to feed the white sugar pans) and molasses.
1842:
2651:
2830:
499:
and a proper climate for its successful cultivation. The most important requirements are that the soil must contain a large supply of nutrients, be rich in
2107:
3348:
2849:
2305:
413:
near Berlin in 1786. Achard started his plant breeding by evaluating 23 varieties of beet for sugar content. In the end he selected a local strain from
292:. The exact sugar content can vary between 12% and 21%, depending on the cultivar and growing conditions. Sugar is the primary value of sugar beet as a
3147:"BNR – a LINE family from Beta vulgaris– contains a RRM domain in open reading frame 1 and defines a L1 sub-clade present in diverse plant genomes"
2182:
4830:
2619:
2789:
3196:"Diversification, evolution and methylation of short interspersed nuclear element families in sugar beet and related Amaranthaceae species"
1692:
2811:
2598:
4195:
2538:
370:. He wrote: "The beet-root, when being boiled, yields a juice similar to syrup of sugar, which is beautiful to look at on account of its
3326:
1908:
4118:
1561:
4835:
2867:
1254:
in Dutch) is used as a spread for sandwiches, as well as for sweetening sauces, cakes and desserts. Dutch people generally top their
1596:
5044:
522:, is not desirable, as cultivation to a depth of from 12 to 15 inches (30 to 38 cm) is necessary to produce the best results.
374:
colour" (1575). Because crystallized cane sugar was already available and had a better taste, this process did not become popular.
1355:
Sugar beet farming using dam culture method. Used in Russia, Germany, France, Ukraine, Turkey, China, Poland, and sometimes Egypt.
5057:
4065:
2511:
2465:
1384:
2841:
518:, but the ideal soil is a sandy loam, i.e., a mixture of organic matter, clay and sand. A subsoil of gravel, or the presence of
3338:
2771:
2223:
421:, Germany. Moritz Baron von Koppy and his son further selected white, conical tubers from this strain. The selection was named
2016:
1956:
1620:
2670:
1671:
4903:
4018:
2696:
1818:
646:
632:, a time to be careful when driving on local roads in the area while the beets are being grown, because the naturally high
4490:
4090:
89:
4013:
1979:
61:
2115:
4304:
4033:
3986:
2960:
2834:
2655:
2259:
1262:
1204:
108:
5147:
4048:
1552:
Sugar beets have been bred for increased sugar content, from 8% to 18% in the 200 years up to 2013, resistance to
1007:
Evaporation, the thin juice is concentrated by evaporation to make a "thick juice", roughly 60% sucrose by weight.
68:
5070:
3381:
1987:
1439:
1368:
1323:
In New
Zealand, sugar beet is widely grown and harvested as feed for dairy cattle. It is regarded as superior to
1010:
Crystallization, by boiling under reduced pressure the sugar liquor is turned into crystals and remaining liquor.
1525:. More than 60% of sugar beet's DNA is repetitive, mostly distributed in a dispersed way along the chromosomes.
5088:
3960:
2853:
2393:
1610:
1186:
545:
region of
Michigan; both the region and state are major sugar beet producers. Sebewaing is home to one of four
46:
2723:"Management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant sugar beet for spring and autumn environmental benefit"
3864:
2355:
483:
75:
5036:
5023:
4587:
3894:
2977:"Highly diverse chromoviruses of Beta vulgaris are classified by chromodomains and chromosomal integration"
2418:
2276:
915:
566:
582:
during the growing season. Harvesting also required many workers. Although the roots could be lifted by a
4933:
4923:
4850:
4128:
4043:
4028:
2443:
1182:
534:
42:
5062:
4642:
5083:
4190:
4170:
4150:
3756:
3245:"Crop wild relative populations of Beta vulgaris allow direct mapping of agronomically important genes"
2584:
1569:
1013:
Centrifugation, in a centrifuge the white sugar crystals are separated from the remaining sugar liquor.
390:
57:
2626:
2489:
636:
content of the soil tends to cause slippery roads when soil falls from the trailers during transport.
4908:
4616:
4457:
3307:
1457:
1396:
569:, sugar beets are a winter crop, planted in the autumn and harvested in the spring. In recent years,
444:
4786:
1004:
Purification, the raw juice undergoes a chemical process to remove impurities and create thin juice.
5152:
4882:
4855:
4070:
4038:
3616:
2790:"Press Release: Monsanto Outlines New Weed Management Platform Under the Roundup Ready PLUS™ Brand"
1936:
1331:
or other supplementary feed. The crop is also now grown in some parts of
Australia as cattle feed.
1300:
1274:
2850:"USDA Prepares Draft Environmental Assessment on Regulatory Options for Roundup Ready Sugar Beets"
5031:
4483:
4351:
4165:
4023:
3879:
3621:
2793:
2093:
Der
ZuckerrĂĽbenbau: kurzgefasste Anleitung zum Anbau der ZuckerrĂĽbe fĂĽr den praktischen Landwirth
1175:
35:
2815:
2620:"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. No. 10-17719, D.C. No. 3:10-cv-04038-JSW"
2602:
1699:
281:) with a flat crown. The plant consists of the root and a rosette of leaves. Sugar is formed by
5018:
4973:
4840:
4425:
4205:
2145:"Sugar beet production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"
1565:
1513:
The sugar beet genome shares a triplication event somewhere super-Caryophyllales and at or sub-
1484:
1400:
1388:
989:
546:
2569:
1948:
5137:
4215:
4155:
3661:
3321:
2893:
Paesold, Susanne; Borchardt, Dietrich; Schmidt, Thomas; Dechyeva, Daryna (7 September 2012).
2032:
966:
Removing the sugar from the beet in an osmosis process, resulting in raw juice and beet pulp.
1033:
5005:
3716:
3631:
3519:
3315:
3256:
3088:"Evolutionary reshuffling in the Errantivirus lineage Elbe within the Beta vulgaris genome"
2871:
1757:
1654:
1557:
1373:
1340:
1109:
607:
452:
3114:
2652:"Brief 43-2011. Executive Summary: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2011"
2168:"THE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION OF AGRICULTURAL R&D OUTPUT IN THE UK BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY"
8:
4938:
4123:
4008:
3965:
3374:
1869:
1734:
Dohm, Juliane C.; Minoche, André E.; Holtgräwe, Daniela; et al. (18 December 2013).
1588:
1553:
1544:
confers resistance to rhizomania, commonly known as the sugar beet root madness disease.
1522:
1392:
1266:
538:
382:
3260:
1761:
1460:. In 2005, the US Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (
1019:
Further sugar can be recovered from the molasses by methods such as the Steffen Process.
362:
The species beet consists of several cultivar groups. The 16th-century French scientist
82:
5109:
4956:
4757:
4582:
4570:
4476:
4383:
4210:
4100:
3766:
3277:
3244:
3068:
3011:
2976:
2747:
2722:
1377:
957:
Harvesting and storage in a way that preserves the beet while they wait to be processed
948:
440:
434:
410:
4804:
2147:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2024
4877:
4769:
4314:
4180:
4095:
3569:
3282:
3225:
3217:
3176:
3168:
3163:
3146:
3127:
3119:
3104:
3087:
3060:
3052:
3016:
2998:
2956:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2894:
2752:
2674:
2557:
2255:
2012:
1952:
1890:
1793:
1785:
1616:
1444:
In the United States, genetically modified sugar beets, engineered for resistance to
1094:
402:
363:
320:
3072:
2775:
2006:
5114:
4809:
4720:
4560:
4378:
4220:
4142:
3776:
3574:
3327:
US court bans GM sugar beet: Cultivation to take place under controlled conditions?
3272:
3264:
3207:
3158:
3109:
3099:
3044:
3006:
2988:
2948:
2906:
2742:
2734:
1775:
1765:
1753:
1744:
1123:
1104:
1063:
4653:
3243:
Capistrano-Gossmann, Gina G.; Ries, D.; Holtgräwe, D.; et al. (6 June 2017).
1675:
1536:) have been sequenced as well, allowing for identification of the resistance gene
312:, is used in animal feed. The byproducts of the sugar beet crop, such as pulp and
4918:
4780:
4730:
4361:
4283:
3991:
3970:
3884:
3333:
2377:
2339:
2091:
2072:
2056:
1983:
1940:
1492:
1407:
2975:
Weber, Beatrice; Heitkam, Tony; Holtgräwe, Daniela; et al. (1 March 2013).
2870:. USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 7 August 2012. Archived from
2700:
953:
In the 1960s, beet sugar processing was described as consisting of these steps.
5157:
5142:
4447:
4371:
4366:
4324:
4288:
4083:
4058:
3950:
3940:
3908:
3771:
3741:
3559:
3473:
3414:
3400:
3367:
1055:
979:
622:
406:
354:
346:
282:
266:
213:
178:
3676:
3194:
Schwichtenberg, Katrin; Wenke, Torsten; Zakrzewski, Falk; et al. (2016).
3048:
2952:
1672:"NASS – Statistics by Subject – Crops & Plants – Field Crops – Sugarbeets"
984:
927:
5131:
4996:
4928:
4594:
4414:
4078:
3928:
3874:
3721:
3606:
3584:
3579:
3509:
3221:
3172:
3123:
3056:
3002:
2920:
1789:
1518:
1496:
1360:
719:
615:
418:
389:, subsidized experiments to develop processes for sugar extraction. In 1747,
341:
218:
147:
2379:
The Manufacture of Beet Sugar and Alcohol, and the Cultivation of Sugar-beet
1894:
1139:
In many European countries rectified spirit from sugar beet is used to make
621:
In the US, the fall harvest begins with the first hard frost, which arrests
467:
5101:
4870:
4740:
4577:
4535:
4515:
4273:
4261:
4185:
4160:
4053:
4001:
3859:
3796:
3791:
3611:
3589:
3441:
3286:
3229:
3180:
3131:
3064:
3020:
2928:
2756:
2738:
1976:
1797:
1640:
1425:
1115:
1100:
3359:
2993:
2805:
2803:
2079:. Vol. XIX, no. 20. New Orleans. November 18, 1897. p. 312.
1817:. United States Department of Agriculture. 2 February 2015. Archived from
4913:
4865:
4860:
4845:
4631:
4604:
4565:
4550:
4525:
4419:
4339:
4329:
4246:
4236:
4175:
3996:
3933:
3838:
3823:
3786:
3726:
3706:
3692:
3666:
3641:
3594:
3564:
3524:
3504:
3499:
3468:
2144:
1698:. Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. 2009. Archived from
1674:. United States Department of Agriculture. 2 October 2006. Archived from
1488:
1324:
1308:
993:
936:
866:
414:
3268:
1871:
Something about sugar: its history, growth, manufacture and distribution
1770:
1735:
1351:
1136:
had 8 beet sugar distilleries, located in France, Czechia and Romania.
5049:
4774:
4555:
4520:
4334:
4319:
4256:
3945:
3811:
3806:
3656:
3601:
3534:
3529:
3514:
3242:
2800:
1780:
1472:
1445:
1304:
1270:
1222:
1189: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
579:
562:
508:
503:, and be able to contain a great deal of moisture. A certain amount of
297:
155:
3889:
3212:
3195:
3086:
Wollrab, Cora; Heitkam, Tony; Holtgräwe, Daniela; et al. (2012).
2037:
Histoire de l'académie royale des sciences et belles-lettres de Berlin
1038:
130:
4898:
4814:
4715:
4540:
4499:
4393:
4388:
4278:
4266:
4241:
4200:
3828:
3751:
3746:
3698:
3636:
3494:
3461:
3424:
1733:
1449:
1239:
614:
If the beets are to be left for later delivery, they are formed into
602:
557:
542:
492:
371:
324:
301:
293:
289:
262:
258:
4967:
3302:
2268:
1164:
931:
A sugar beet farm in Belgium: Beyond the field is the sugar factory.
908:
The most productive sugar beet farms in the world, in 2022, were in
24:
5096:
4990:
4798:
4763:
4688:
4678:
4621:
4251:
3833:
3711:
3651:
3419:
2699:. Pest Management Science Pest Manag Sci 64:319–325. Archived from
2007:
Hanelt, Peter; BĂĽttner, R.; Mansfeld, Rudolf; Kilian, Ruth (2001).
1477:
1453:
1414:
1059:
587:
570:
530:
367:
313:
243:
223:
5075:
3193:
1073:
475:
4705:
4699:
4648:
4530:
4507:
4398:
4309:
3955:
3923:
3854:
3781:
3731:
3671:
3646:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3429:
1660:. United States Department of Agriculture: FAS Information. 2011.
1514:
1285:
1255:
1068:
1047:
902:
892:
824:
740:
519:
448:
386:
378:
288:
The root of the beet contains 75% water, about 20% sugar, and 5%
278:
205:
191:
141:
3085:
1736:"The genome of the recently domesticated crop plant sugar beet (
1132:
Large sugar beet distilleries remain limited to Europe. In 2023
1054:
from sugar cane molasses. In a number of countries, notably the
549:
factories. The town sponsors an annual Michigan Sugar Festival.
5010:
4751:
4683:
4599:
4545:
4356:
4344:
3816:
3761:
3434:
2892:
2111:
2009:
Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops
1328:
1140:
1133:
912:, with a nationwide average yield of 106.2 tonnes per hectare.
782:
761:
698:
677:
591:
583:
504:
309:
305:
2974:
2694:
2341:
The Sugar Beet: Its Adaptability for Cultivation in the Colony
533:, the long summer days from the relatively high latitude (the
135:
Sugar beet, illustration of root, leaf, and flowering patterns
4725:
4668:
4658:
4611:
3801:
3736:
3626:
3551:
3390:
3352:
1465:
1419:
1232:
1144:
909:
845:
803:
500:
456:
227:
209:
4468:
2207:"Attention to detail critical in meeting beet yield targets"
1303:
plan to use agricultural surpluses of sugar beet to produce
1242:
area, and in the Netherlands, this sugar beet syrup (called
212:
production. In plant breeding, it is known as the Altissima
4693:
4663:
1836:"Agribusiness Handbooks, vol. 4: Sugar Beets / White Sugar"
1461:
633:
595:
515:
496:
1572:
line – this has especially been useful in yield breeding.
963:
Slicing the beet in small pieces called cossettes or chips
366:
discovered a process for preparing sugar syrup from (red)
4673:
3869:
3322:
University of North Texas Government Documents Department
2382:. Government printing office, Washington. pp. 40–59.
2224:"An economic study of the beet sugar industry in Montana"
1909:"L'histoire du sucre | Klorane Botanical Foundation"
1501:
US District Court for the Northern District of California
1148:
1051:
514:
Generous crops can be grown in both sandy soil and heavy
3033:
2697:"Glyphosate: a once-in-a-century herbicide: Mini-review"
2576:
2073:"Supplement to the Chronicle of the Beet Sugar Industry"
1935:
1376:, which causes crinkling and stunting of the leaves and
1261:
Suikerstroop made according to the Dutch tradition is a
257:
Sugar beets are grown in climates that are too cold for
2306:"Silver Wedge: The Sugar Beet Industry in Fort Collins"
1296:
204:
is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of
2941:
2671:"2010 Growers' Guide for Producing Quality Sugarbeets"
1947:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.
1406:
Other economically important members of the subfamily
1265:
under EU and UK law. Commercially, if the syrup has a
2614:
2612:
1391:, headed by Linda Hanson and Leonard Panella; one in
428:
3317:
Sugar beet culture in the northern Great Plains area
2108:"De-icing Highways and Roads Using Sugar Beet Juice"
277:
The sugar beet has a conical, white, fleshy root (a
3236:
2466:"Economics of Sugar Beet and Cane Biofuel — Energy"
1495:with conventional sugar beets. U.S. District Judge
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2772:"Roundup Ready Crops Prove to be a Hit in the USA"
2668:
2609:
1273:and converted to a high-fructose syrup, much like
1046:There are two obvious methods to produce alcohol (
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1387:Agricultural Research Stations, including one in
922:
5129:
1226:Traditional Dutch stroop and the bottled version
396:
377:Modern sugar beets date to the mid-18th century
358:French sugar beet mill in operation in the 1840s
4831:Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels
2539:"Fodder, sugar beets dream feed if grown right"
2175:Proc South African Sugar Technology Association
1693:"Agribusiness Handbook: Sugar beet white sugar"
1076:, a similar drink is made under the brand name
960:Washing and scrubbing to remove soil and debris
316:, add another 10% to the value of the harvest.
222:). Together with other beet cultivars, such as
3311:article on how sugar beet can be used for fuel
3187:
3144:
2947:, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 39–55,
2695:Stephen O Duke & Stephen B Powles (2008).
2463:
2299:
2297:
2218:
2216:
1716:
285:in the leaves and is then stored in the root.
4982:Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Altissima Group
4484:
3375:
2591:
2490:"Sugar beets ~ a reliable source of biofuel?"
2386:
1128:Refining, the result is a highly pure alcohol
16:Plant grown commercially for sugar production
2782:
2375:
2241:
2077:The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer
1867:
1687:
1685:
1593:Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database
1568:. Breeding has been eased by discovery of a
330:
4196:Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
3389:
2792:. monsanto. 19 October 2010. Archived from
2769:
2599:"Roundup Ready® Sugar Beet Case – Timeline"
2333:
2331:
2329:
2303:
2294:
2213:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1884:
627:
439:Franz Karl Achard opened the world's first
4491:
4477:
3382:
3368:
2935:
2828:
2809:
2369:
2344:. George Robertson, Melbourne. p. 18.
2251:Chemical Process Technology and Simulation
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2050:
2048:
2046:
1812:"USDA Coexistence Fact Sheets Sugar Beets"
335:
129:
4836:Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
3276:
3211:
3162:
3113:
3103:
3027:
3010:
2992:
2968:
2910:
2812:"Roundup Ready Sugar Beet Case: Timeline"
2746:
2644:
2601:. APHIS. 7 September 2010. Archived from
2530:
2492:. University of Maryland. 21 October 2016
2457:
2376:d'Aligny, Henry Ferdinand Quarré (1869).
2065:
1931:
1929:
1887:Histoire Centennale du Sucre de Betterave
1779:
1769:
1682:
1471:Weeds may be chemically controlled using
1205:Learn how and when to remove this message
1042:, a sugar-beet-based alcohol from Czechia
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2326:
2247:
2229:. Montana State University. 1 March 1969
2089:
2083:
2039:. Marggraf (1747). 1749. pp. 79–90.
1993:
1965:
1901:
1878:
1350:
1221:
1062:, this analogy led to making a rum-like
1032:
983:
926:
891:
639:
482:
474:
466:
353:
350:A geneticist evaluates sugar beet plants
345:
3145:Heitkam, Tony; Schmidt, Thomas (2009).
3138:
3079:
2886:
2720:
2662:
2512:"Grower lauds sugar beet 'wonder fuel'"
2411:
2356:"Czechs and Their Billion Dollar Beets"
2165:
2130:
2054:
2043:
1603:
1452:marketed as Roundup, were developed by
1433:
1359:Sugar beets are an important part of a
1334:
1120:Dehydration, this results in Bioethanol
574:plant about one acre or 0.40 hectares.
5130:
2847:
2504:
2348:
2100:
1926:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1828:
1508:
1023:
4972:
4971:
4472:
3363:
2860:
2822:
2688:
2482:
2274:
2199:
2159:
2025:
1395:, headed by John Wieland; and one at
1366:Sugar beet plants are susceptible to
4904:Cellulosic ethanol commercialization
2763:
2582:
2337:
1804:
1664:
1643:. Food and Agriculture Organization.
1581:
1187:adding citations to reliable sources
1158:
319:Sugar beets grow exclusively in the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2714:
2248:Koyikkal, Srikumar (8 April 2013).
1852:
1647:
1291:
935:Most sugar beet are used to create
455:. The sugar beet was introduced to
242:. Its closest wild relative is the
208:and that is grown commercially for
13:
2625:. 25 February 2011. Archived from
1633:
1612:Beta Maritima: The Origin of Beets
1560:diseases, increased taproot size,
1235:. No other ingredients are used.
1083:
645:Top ten sugar beet producers—2022
429:History of the beet sugar industry
14:
5169:
5089:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2878296-4
4305:Australian Aboriginal sweet foods
3401:List of sugars and sugar products
3296:
2536:
1288:can be isolated from sugar beet.
1277:, or isoglucose syrup in the EU.
1263:Traditional Speciality Guaranteed
973:
401:Marggraf's student and successor
265:accounts for most of the rest of
4952:
4951:
4453:
4452:
4443:
4442:
3164:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03923.x
3105:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05107.x
2912:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05102.x
2868:"Roundup Ready® Sugar Beet News"
2774:. Farmers Weekly. Archived from
1874:. San Francisco, J. J. Newbegin.
1599:from the original on 4 May 2013.
1269:above 30, the product has to be
1163:
1028:
942:
859:
838:
817:
796:
775:
754:
733:
712:
691:
670:
471:A sugar beet farm in Switzerland
459:by German settlers around 1850.
300:in water and mainly composed of
23:
2770:Mike Abrams (6 February 2009).
2436:
2275:Dowse, Peter (31 August 2021).
1988:University of California, Davis
1913:www.kloranebotanical.foundation
1655:"Sugar:World Markets and Trade"
1521:family and centromere-specific
1440:Genetically modified sugar beet
1217:
1174:needs additional citations for
658:
479:Worldwide sugar beet production
230:, it belongs to the subspecies
34:needs additional citations for
3115:11858/00-001M-0000-000E-F0B9-B
2829:USDA-APHIS (29 January 2009).
2810:USDA-APHIS (4 February 2011).
2313:SWCA Environmental Consultants
2209:. Farmers Guardian. June 2010.
2011:. Springer. pp. 235–241.
1641:"Crops and livestock products"
1346:
1339:Molasses can serve to produce
1318:
923:From sugar beet to white sugar
272:
1:
4498:
2721:May, MJ; et al. (2005).
2470:North Dakota State University
1575:
1238:In Germany, particularly the
1154:
397:Development of the sugar beet
2058:Die ZuckerrĂĽbe und ihr Anbau
1528:Crop wild beet populations (
1403:, headed by Rachel Naegele.
916:Imperial Valley (California)
423:weiĂźe schlesische ZuckerrĂĽbe
7:
4934:Issues relating to biofuels
4924:Energy return on investment
2304:Eric Twitty (August 2003).
1547:
10:
5174:
4191:Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
4171:Demerara rebellion of 1823
4151:1811 German Coast uprising
3757:Non-centrifugal cane sugar
2831:"Environmental Compliance"
2585:"Roundup Ready Sugarbeets"
2419:"Raw Material, Sugar Beet"
2358:. Tres Bohemes. 2017-02-09
2281:sugarnutritionresource.org
2061:. Eduard Trewent, Breslau.
1570:cytoplasmic male sterility
1437:
1280:
977:
946:
601:Today, mechanical sowing,
462:
432:
391:Andreas Sigismund Marggraf
339:
4980:
4947:
4909:Energy content of biofuel
4891:
4823:
4739:
4630:
4506:
4438:
4407:
4297:
4229:
4141:
4111:
3979:
3916:
3907:
3847:
3685:
3550:
3543:
3482:
3407:
3398:
3049:10.1007/s10577-009-9104-4
2953:10.1002/9781118525715.ch4
2254:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
2181:: 107–115. Archived from
2090:Birnbaum, Eduard (1887).
1458:genetically modified crop
1397:Michigan State University
1267:dextrose equivalency (DE)
896:Sugar beet output in 2009
331:History of the sugar beet
187:
177:
154:
140:
128:
123:
4883:Thermal depolymerization
4856:Industrial biotechnology
3617:High-fructose corn syrup
3332:13 December 2010 at the
2945:Plant Centromere Biology
2669:Michigan Sugar Company.
2338:Levi, Nathaniel (1870).
1540:in the wild progenitor.
1301:Associated British Foods
1275:high-fructose corn syrup
5148:Phytoremediation plants
4851:Fischer–Tropsch process
4841:Biomass heating systems
4166:Colonial molasses trade
3622:High-maltose corn syrup
3342:Popular Science Monthly
2654:. ISAAA. Archived from
2464:Cole Gustafson (2010).
1982:20 January 2009 at the
1311:in the United Kingdom.
336:Discovery of beet sugar
267:sugar produced globally
4426:Pure, White and Deadly
4206:Sugar Duties Acts 1846
4112:By region (historical)
3303:How Beet Sugar is Made
2739:10.1098/rspb.2004.2948
2055:Doering, Emil (1896).
1889:. Fortier et Marotte.
1841:. 1999. Archived from
1485:Center for Food Safety
1401:East Lansing, Michigan
1389:Fort Collins, Colorado
1356:
1227:
1043:
996:
990:Chelsea Sugar Refinery
932:
897:
628:
547:Michigan Sugar Company
488:
480:
472:
359:
351:
4216:Taiwan Sugar Railways
4156:Amelioration Act 1798
3249:Nature Communications
2994:10.1186/1759-8753-4-8
2394:"Alcohol and ethanol"
2277:"Refining sugar cane"
2096:. W.G. Korn, Breslau.
1868:George Rolph (1873).
1354:
1225:
1036:
987:
930:
895:
640:Production statistics
495:, needs a particular
491:The sugar beet, like
486:
478:
470:
357:
349:
323:zone, in contrast to
3895:Unrefined sweeteners
3717:Crystalline fructose
3632:Inverted sugar syrup
2778:on 24 November 2011.
2658:on 10 February 2012.
2543:ruralnewsgroup.co.nz
1885:Jules HĂ©lot (1912).
1824:on 12 February 2024.
1589:"Sorting Beta names"
1523:LTR retrotransposons
1434:Genetic modification
1374:beet leaf curl virus
1341:monosodium glutamate
1335:Monosodium glutamate
1183:improve this article
1112:in fermentation vats
453:Alvarado, California
216:of the common beet (
43:improve this article
4939:Sustainable biofuel
3980:By region (current)
3880:Sugar confectionery
3269:10.1038/ncomms15708
3261:2017NatCo...815708C
3037:Chromosome Research
2856:on 6 November 2010.
2605:on 17 October 2010.
2537:Group, Rural News.
2118:on 10 February 2013
1945:Agricultural plants
1771:10.1038/nature12817
1762:2014Natur.505..546D
1509:Genome and genetics
1393:Fargo, North Dakota
1024:Ethanol and alcohol
649:
539:Sebewaing, Michigan
383:Frederick the Great
4384:Sweetened beverage
4211:Sugar Intervention
4119:Danish West Indies
4101:U.S. Sugar Program
3860:Cotton candy floss
3767:Plantation Reserve
3662:Steen's cane syrup
3339:"Sugar From Beets"
2874:on 13 October 2010
2837:on 6 October 2014.
2632:on 16 October 2013
2568:has generic name (
1848:on 6 October 2014.
1678:on 3 October 2006.
1615:. Springer. 2012.
1378:beet yellows virus
1357:
1228:
1044:
997:
949:Beet sugar factory
933:
898:
644:
489:
481:
473:
441:beet sugar factory
435:Beet sugar factory
360:
352:
240:var. saccharifera
238:but classified as
194:, mid-18th century
5125:
5124:
4974:Taxon identifiers
4965:
4964:
4878:Sabatier reaction
4466:
4465:
4315:Blood sugar level
4181:Leith Sugar House
4137:
4136:
4096:Sugar Association
3903:
3902:
3865:Maple sugar foods
3570:Barley malt syrup
3393:as food commodity
3213:10.1111/tpj.13103
3200:The Plant Journal
3151:The Plant Journal
3092:The Plant Journal
2899:The Plant Journal
2733:(1559): 111–119.
2018:978-3-540-41017-1
1958:978-0-521-40563-8
1622:978-1-4614-0841-3
1244:ZuckerrĂĽben-Sirup
1215:
1214:
1207:
890:
889:
661:(million tonnes)
629:de bietencampagne
403:Franz Karl Achard
364:Olivier de Serres
304:, hemicellulose,
198:
197:
170:var. saccharifera
119:
118:
111:
93:
5165:
5118:
5117:
5105:
5104:
5092:
5091:
5079:
5078:
5066:
5065:
5053:
5052:
5040:
5039:
5027:
5026:
5014:
5013:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4969:
4968:
4955:
4954:
4799:Pongamia pinnata
4493:
4486:
4479:
4470:
4469:
4456:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4379:Sugar substitute
4221:Triangular trade
3914:
3913:
3575:Brown rice syrup
3548:
3547:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3291:
3290:
3280:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3215:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3166:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3117:
3107:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3014:
2996:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2914:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2852:. Archived from
2845:
2839:
2838:
2833:. Archived from
2826:
2820:
2819:
2814:. Archived from
2807:
2798:
2797:
2796:on 22 June 2012.
2786:
2780:
2779:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2673:. Archived from
2666:
2660:
2659:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2172:
2166:Limb Re (2008).
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2141:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2114:. Archived from
2104:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2041:
2040:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2004:
1991:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1941:Langer, R. H. M.
1933:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1840:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1816:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1783:
1773:
1754:Nature Portfolio
1731:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1585:
1497:Jeffrey S. White
1292:Alternative fuel
1210:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1167:
1159:
1105:Saccharification
1064:distilled spirit
865:
863:
862:
844:
842:
841:
823:
821:
820:
802:
800:
799:
781:
779:
778:
760:
758:
757:
739:
737:
736:
718:
716:
715:
697:
695:
694:
676:
674:
673:
650:
643:
631:
487:A beet harvester
133:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5153:Root vegetables
5128:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5113:
5108:
5100:
5095:
5087:
5082:
5074:
5069:
5061:
5056:
5048:
5043:
5035:
5030:
5022:
5017:
5009:
5004:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4976:
4966:
4961:
4943:
4919:Energy forestry
4887:
4819:
4781:Jatropha curcas
4742:
4735:
4643:Camelina sativa
4633:
4626:
4502:
4497:
4467:
4462:
4434:
4403:
4362:Sugar addiction
4293:
4284:Sugar sculpture
4225:
4133:
4107:
4084:Tate & Lyle
4075:United Kingdom
3992:Bundaberg Sugar
3975:
3971:Sugar marketing
3899:
3885:Sugarcane juice
3843:
3681:
3539:
3478:
3403:
3394:
3388:
3347:
3334:Wayback Machine
3299:
3294:
3241:
3237:
3192:
3188:
3143:
3139:
3084:
3080:
3032:
3028:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2940:
2936:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2846:
2842:
2827:
2823:
2818:on 1 July 2013.
2808:
2801:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2768:
2764:
2719:
2715:
2706:
2704:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2667:
2663:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2581:
2577:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2374:
2370:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2336:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2088:
2084:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2053:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2005:
1994:
1984:Wayback Machine
1975:
1966:
1959:
1934:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1883:
1879:
1866:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1732:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1623:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1550:
1511:
1493:cross-pollinate
1442:
1436:
1408:Chenopodioideae
1349:
1337:
1321:
1294:
1283:
1220:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1180:
1168:
1157:
1086:
1084:From sugar beet
1031:
1026:
982:
976:
951:
945:
925:
860:
858:
839:
837:
818:
816:
797:
795:
776:
774:
755:
753:
734:
732:
713:
711:
692:
690:
671:
669:
660:
642:
567:Imperial Valley
535:Lower Peninsula
465:
437:
431:
399:
344:
338:
333:
275:
183:Altissima Group
136:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5171:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5115:wfo-0000739250
5106:
5093:
5080:
5067:
5054:
5041:
5028:
5015:
5002:
4986:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4795:
4784:
4777:
4772:
4770:Chinese tallow
4767:
4760:
4755:
4747:
4745:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4638:
4636:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4617:Water hyacinth
4614:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4496:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4473:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4372:Residual sugar
4367:Sugars in wine
4364:
4359:
4354:
4352:Health effects
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4327:
4325:Flavored syrup
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4289:Treacle mining
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4059:Tongaat Hulett
4056:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3951:Sugarcane mill
3948:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3742:Molasses sugar
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3560:List of syrups
3556:
3554:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3474:Reducing sugar
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3415:Monosaccharide
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3345:
3336:
3324:
3320:hosted by the
3313:
3305:
3298:
3297:External links
3295:
3293:
3292:
3235:
3206:(2): 229–244.
3186:
3157:(6): 872–882.
3137:
3098:(4): 636–651.
3078:
3043:(2): 247–263.
3026:
2967:
2961:
2934:
2905:(4): 600–611.
2885:
2859:
2840:
2821:
2799:
2781:
2762:
2713:
2687:
2661:
2643:
2608:
2590:
2575:
2529:
2518:. 24 June 2014
2503:
2481:
2456:
2435:
2410:
2385:
2368:
2347:
2325:
2293:
2267:
2260:
2240:
2212:
2198:
2158:
2129:
2099:
2082:
2064:
2042:
2024:
2017:
1992:
1964:
1957:
1925:
1900:
1877:
1851:
1827:
1803:
1715:
1681:
1663:
1646:
1632:
1621:
1602:
1595:. 4 May 2013.
1579:
1577:
1574:
1549:
1546:
1510:
1507:
1438:Main article:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:or fodder beet
1422:
1417:
1348:
1345:
1336:
1333:
1320:
1317:
1293:
1290:
1282:
1279:
1250:in German, or
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1171:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1085:
1082:
1056:Czech Republic
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
980:Sugar refinery
978:Main article:
975:
974:Sugar refinery
972:
968:
967:
964:
961:
958:
947:Main article:
944:
941:
924:
921:
888:
887:
882:
879:
873:
872:
869:
856:
852:
851:
848:
835:
831:
830:
827:
814:
810:
809:
806:
793:
789:
788:
785:
772:
768:
767:
764:
751:
747:
746:
743:
730:
726:
725:
722:
709:
705:
704:
701:
688:
684:
683:
680:
667:
663:
662:
657:
654:
641:
638:
623:photosynthesis
608:beet harvester
511:is practiced.
464:
461:
433:Main article:
430:
427:
417:in modern-day
409:sugar beet in
407:plant breeding
398:
395:
340:Main article:
337:
334:
332:
329:
283:photosynthesis
274:
271:
214:cultivar group
196:
195:
189:
185:
184:
181:
179:Cultivar group
175:
174:
158:
152:
151:
144:
138:
137:
134:
126:
125:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5170:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5116:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5007:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4958:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4929:Food vs. fuel
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4571:vegetable oil
4569:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4489:
4487:
4482:
4480:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4459:
4451:
4449:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4415:Robert Lustig
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4091:United States
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:British Sugar
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3875:Sugar alcohol
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Glucose syrup
3605:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:Maesil-cheong
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3309:Guardian (UK)
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2962:9781118525715
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2804:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:Proc Biol Sci
2724:
2717:
2703:on 2019-07-02
2702:
2698:
2691:
2677:on 2013-08-09
2676:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2628:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2559:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2491:
2485:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2445:
2439:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2357:
2351:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2298:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2261:9788120347090
2257:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2188:on 2013-02-06
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1738:Beta vulgaris
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1705:on 2015-09-05
1701:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1656:
1650:
1642:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:satellite DNA
1516:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:In 2008, the
1481:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1361:crop rotation
1353:
1344:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1258:with stroop.
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1224:
1209:
1206:
1198:
1195:February 2012
1188:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1172:This section
1170:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1125:
1124:Rectification
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:Ă…land Islands
1071:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1029:From molasses
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
995:
991:
986:
981:
971:
965:
962:
959:
956:
955:
954:
950:
943:Sugar factory
940:
938:
929:
920:
917:
913:
911:
906:
904:
894:
886:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
870:
868:
857:
854:
853:
849:
847:
836:
833:
832:
828:
826:
815:
812:
811:
807:
805:
794:
791:
790:
786:
784:
773:
770:
769:
765:
763:
752:
749:
748:
744:
742:
731:
728:
727:
723:
721:
720:United States
710:
707:
706:
702:
700:
689:
686:
685:
681:
679:
668:
665:
664:
655:
652:
651:
648:
637:
635:
630:
624:
619:
617:
612:
609:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
575:
572:
568:
564:
559:
554:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
523:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
485:
477:
469:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
436:
426:
424:
420:
419:Saxony-Anhalt
416:
412:
408:
404:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
356:
348:
343:
342:Beta vulgaris
328:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
270:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
248:Beta vulgaris
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:Beta vulgaris
229:
225:
221:
220:
219:Beta vulgaris
215:
211:
207:
203:
193:
190:
186:
182:
180:
176:
173:
171:
167:
163:
162:Beta vulgaris
159:
157:
153:
150:
149:
148:Beta vulgaris
145:
143:
139:
132:
127:
122:
113:
110:
102:
99:February 2021
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
5138:Beta (plant)
4981:
4797:
4791:
4787:
4779:
4762:
4758:Big bluestem
4750:
4743:energy crops
4710:
4698:
4641:
4424:
4274:Sugar people
4262:Sugar packet
4186:Molasses Act
4161:Blackbirding
4054:Illovo Sugar
4049:South Africa
4002:Wilmar Sugar
3797:Butterscotch
3792:Barley sugar
3697:
3612:Golden syrup
3590:Mogwa-cheong
3489:
3442:Disaccharide
3349:"Beet Sugar"
3344:, March 1935
3341:
3316:
3308:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3040:
3036:
3029:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2944:
2937:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:the original
2862:
2854:the original
2848:USDA-APHIS.
2843:
2835:the original
2824:
2816:the original
2794:the original
2784:
2776:the original
2765:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2705:. Retrieved
2701:the original
2690:
2679:. Retrieved
2675:the original
2664:
2656:the original
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2627:the original
2603:the original
2593:
2578:
2548:25 September
2546:. Retrieved
2542:
2532:
2522:25 September
2520:. Retrieved
2515:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2484:
2473:. Retrieved
2469:
2459:
2447:. Retrieved
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:
2388:
2378:
2371:
2360:. Retrieved
2350:
2340:
2316:. Retrieved
2312:
2284:. Retrieved
2280:
2270:
2250:
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2201:
2190:. Retrieved
2183:the original
2178:
2174:
2161:
2149:. Retrieved
2120:. Retrieved
2116:the original
2102:
2092:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2057:
2036:
2027:
2008:
1944:
1917:. Retrieved
1912:
1903:
1886:
1880:
1870:
1843:the original
1830:
1819:the original
1806:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1707:. Retrieved
1700:the original
1676:the original
1666:
1649:
1635:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1592:
1583:
1551:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1512:
1505:
1482:
1470:
1443:
1426:Mangelwurzel
1424:
1405:
1382:
1367:
1365:
1358:
1338:
1322:
1313:
1295:
1284:
1260:
1252:Suikerstroop
1251:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1229:
1218:Sugary syrup
1201:
1192:
1181:Please help
1176:verification
1173:
1138:
1131:
1116:Distillation
1110:Fermentation
1101:Liquefaction
1087:
1077:
1067:
1045:
1037:
998:
969:
952:
934:
914:
907:
899:
884:
876:
620:
613:
600:
576:
555:
551:
528:
524:
513:
490:
443:in 1801, at
438:
422:
400:
376:
361:
318:
296:. The pulp,
287:
276:
256:
251:
247:
239:
235:
231:
217:
201:
199:
169:
165:
161:
146:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Sugar beet"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4914:Energy crop
4861:Pellet fuel
4846:Biorefinery
4810:Switchgrass
4654:Coconut oil
4632:Energy from
4566:Cooking oil
4551:Biogasoline
4526:Babassu oil
4420:John Yudkin
4330:Fruit syrup
4247:Sugar shack
4237:Added sugar
4176:Holing cane
4034:Philippines
3934:Casa-grande
3848:Other forms
3824:Sugar glass
3787:Sugar candy
3727:Gula melaka
3707:Candi sugar
3686:Solid forms
3677:YacĂłn syrup
3667:Table syrup
3642:Maple syrup
3595:Yuja-cheong
3565:Agave syrup
3500:Agave syrup
3469:Added sugar
2566:|last=
1915:(in French)
1781:10230/22493
1756:: 546–549.
1564:, and less
1530:B. vulgaris
1489:Sierra Club
1347:Agriculture
1325:fodder beet
1319:Cattle feed
1309:East Anglia
1078:Kobba Libre
994:New Zealand
937:white sugar
901:tonnes per
867:Netherlands
415:Halberstadt
273:Description
5132:Categories
4824:Technology
4805:Salicornia
4788:Miscanthus
4711:Sugar beet
4583:cellulosic
4556:Bioliquids
4536:Biobutanol
4458:Production
4335:Date honey
4320:Cane knife
4257:Sugar nips
3946:Sugar bush
3929:Plantation
3917:Production
3812:Rock candy
3777:Preserving
3657:Pine honey
3602:Corn syrup
3490:Sugar beet
2981:Mobile DNA
2707:2012-11-02
2681:2011-04-05
2583:Monsanto.
2475:2023-02-08
2449:16 October
2362:2023-03-17
2233:20 January
2192:2012-02-07
2122:2 November
1919:2023-02-08
1709:2012-02-06
1576:References
1473:glyphosate
1446:glyphosate
1369:Rhizomania
1305:biobutanol
1271:hydrolyzed
1155:Other uses
659:Production
563:California
541:, lies in
509:irrigation
385:, king of
202:sugar beet
156:Subspecies
124:Sugar beet
69:newspapers
5037:242414722
5024:242414722
4899:Agflation
4792:giganteus
4721:Sunflower
4716:Sugarcane
4634:foodstock
4541:Biodiesel
4500:Bioenergy
4394:Sweetness
4389:Sweetener
4279:Sugar tit
4267:Sucrology
4242:Crop Over
4201:Sugar Act
4044:Sri Lanka
4029:Mauritius
4014:Caribbean
3987:Australia
3829:Sugarloaf
3747:Muscovado
3699:Peen tong
3637:Kuromitsu
3495:Sugarcane
3462:Trehalose
3425:Galactose
3408:Chemistry
3255:: 15708.
3222:1365-313X
3173:1365-313X
3124:1365-313X
3057:1573-6849
3003:1759-8753
2921:0960-7412
2636:28 August
2286:3 January
1977:Sugarbeet
1790:0028-0836
1628:breeding.
1562:monogermy
1450:herbicide
1240:Rhineland
1072:. On the
603:herbicide
558:temperate
543:the Thumb
493:sugarcane
411:Kaulsdorf
372:vermilion
325:sugarcane
321:temperate
302:cellulose
298:insoluble
294:cash crop
263:Sugarcane
259:sugarcane
5102:50250833
5097:Tropicos
5076:164505-1
4991:Wikidata
4957:Category
4892:Concepts
4775:Duckweed
4764:Camelina
4741:Non-food
4689:Rapeseed
4679:Palm oil
4622:Wood gas
4595:Methanol
4588:mixtures
4508:Biofuels
4448:Category
4408:Research
4252:Sugaring
4066:Tanzania
3941:Refinery
3909:Industry
3834:Wasanbon
3772:Powdered
3712:Chancaca
3652:Molasses
3544:Products
3520:Honeydew
3420:Fructose
3330:Archived
3287:28585529
3230:26676716
3181:19473321
3132:22804913
3073:24883110
3065:20039119
3021:23448600
2987:(1): 8.
2929:22775355
2757:15695200
2558:cite web
2496:5 August
2428:19 March
2403:19 March
2318:9 August
1980:Archived
1943:(1991).
1937:Hill, G.
1895:11941819
1798:24352233
1752:(7484).
1597:Archived
1548:Breeding
1534:maritima
1515:Eudicots
1478:toxicity
1454:Monsanto
1415:Beetroot
1256:pancakes
1060:Slovakia
656:Country
588:billhook
571:Syngenta
556:In most
531:Michigan
368:beetroot
314:molasses
252:maritima
244:sea beet
236:vulgaris
224:beetroot
166:vulgaris
5050:8033197
4997:Q151964
4706:Soybean
4700:Sorghum
4649:Cassava
4578:Ethanol
4561:Biomass
4531:Bagasse
4516:Alcohol
4399:Vinasse
4310:Bagasse
4298:Related
4230:Culture
4143:History
3956:Engenho
3924:Boilery
3890:Tuzemák
3855:Caramel
3782:Sucanat
3732:Jaggery
3722:Gelling
3672:Treacle
3647:Mizuame
3510:Coconut
3483:Sources
3457:Sucrose
3452:Maltose
3447:Lactose
3430:Glucose
3278:5467160
3257:Bibcode
3012:3605345
2878:28 July
2748:1634958
2151:10 June
1990:website
1986:from a
1949:197–199
1758:Bibcode
1566:bolting
1363:cycle.
1343:(MSG).
1286:Uridine
1281:Uridine
1143:, e.g.
1093:Adding
1069:Tuzemak
1066:called
1048:ethanol
1039:Tuzemák
903:hectare
825:Ukraine
741:Germany
520:hardpan
463:Culture
449:Silesia
387:Prussia
379:Silesia
279:taproot
250:subsp.
234:subsp.
206:sucrose
192:Silesia
164:subsp.
142:Species
83:scholar
5063:310650
5011:585884
4752:Arundo
4684:Potato
4600:Stover
4546:Biogas
4429:(1972)
4357:Nectar
4345:Jallab
4129:Hawaii
4071:Uganda
4039:Rwanda
3817:Toffee
3762:Panela
3580:Cheong
3552:Syrups
3435:Xylose
3285:
3275:
3228:
3220:
3179:
3171:
3130:
3122:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3019:
3009:
3001:
2959:
2927:
2919:
2755:
2745:
2423:Tereos
2398:Tereos
2258:
2112:Yahoo!
2015:
1955:
1893:
1796:
1788:
1745:Nature
1619:
1558:fungal
1487:, the
1329:silage
1151:etc..
1141:Liquor
1134:Tereos
1095:Starch
864:
843:
822:
801:
783:Poland
780:
762:Turkey
759:
738:
717:
699:France
696:
678:Russia
675:
616:clamps
611:soil.
592:sickle
590:and a
584:plough
505:alkali
445:Kunern
405:began
381:where
310:pectin
308:, and
306:lignin
188:Origin
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
5158:Sugar
5143:Crops
4871:stove
4726:Wheat
4669:Maize
4659:Grape
4612:Straw
4521:Algae
4340:Grape
4024:India
4019:Kenya
3966:Zafra
3961:Batey
3839:White
3802:Candy
3737:Misri
3693:Brown
3627:Honey
3525:Maple
3505:Birch
3391:Sugar
3353:JSTOR
3069:S2CID
2630:(PDF)
2623:(PDF)
2516:Stuff
2309:(PDF)
2227:(PDF)
2186:(PDF)
2171:(PDF)
1846:(PDF)
1839:(PDF)
1822:(PDF)
1815:(PDF)
1703:(PDF)
1696:(PDF)
1658:(PDF)
1554:viral
1532:ssp.
1466:APHIS
1456:as a
1420:Chard
1233:honey
1145:vodka
910:Chile
885:261.0
881:World
877:Total
846:China
808:13.6
804:Egypt
787:14.2
766:19.0
745:28.2
724:29.6
703:31.5
682:48.9
653:Rank
647:(FAO)
516:loams
501:humus
457:Chile
228:chard
210:sugar
90:JSTOR
76:books
5084:POWO
5071:IPNI
5058:GRIN
5045:GBIF
4866:mill
4815:Wood
4694:Rice
4664:Hemp
4605:corn
4124:Fiji
4009:Cuba
3807:Hard
3535:Malt
3530:Palm
3515:Date
3283:PMID
3226:PMID
3218:ISSN
3177:PMID
3169:ISSN
3128:PMID
3120:ISSN
3061:PMID
3053:ISSN
3017:PMID
2999:ISSN
2957:ISBN
2925:PMID
2917:ISSN
2880:2012
2753:PMID
2638:2012
2570:help
2550:2021
2524:2021
2498:2024
2451:2021
2430:2023
2405:2023
2320:2020
2288:2023
2256:ISBN
2235:2023
2153:2024
2124:2012
2013:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1891:OCLC
1794:PMID
1786:ISSN
1617:ISBN
1556:and
1462:USDA
1448:, a
1385:USDA
1299:and
1248:Zapp
1103:and
1097:milk
1058:and
988:The
871:7.3
850:8.9
829:9.9
634:clay
596:cart
497:soil
290:pulp
226:and
62:news
5110:WFO
5032:FoC
5019:FNA
5006:EoL
4731:Yam
4674:Oat
3997:CSR
3870:Rum
3752:Nib
3273:PMC
3265:doi
3208:doi
3159:doi
3110:hdl
3100:doi
3045:doi
3007:PMC
2989:doi
2949:doi
2907:doi
2743:PMC
2735:doi
1776:hdl
1766:doi
1750:505
1542:Rz2
1538:Rz2
1399:in
1307:in
1246:or
1185:by
1149:Gin
1052:rum
992:in
580:hoe
565:'s
254:).
45:by
5134::
5112::
5099::
5086::
5073::
5060::
5047::
5034::
5021::
5008::
4993::
4790:Ă—
3351:.
3281:.
3271:.
3263:.
3251:.
3247:.
3224:.
3216:.
3204:85
3202:.
3198:.
3175:.
3167:.
3155:59
3153:.
3149:.
3126:.
3118:.
3108:.
3096:72
3094:.
3090:.
3067:.
3059:.
3051:.
3041:18
3039:.
3015:.
3005:.
2997:.
2983:.
2979:.
2955:,
2923:.
2915:.
2903:72
2901:.
2897:.
2802:^
2751:.
2741:.
2731:27
2729:.
2725:.
2611:^
2562::
2560:}}
2556:{{
2541:.
2514:.
2468:.
2421:.
2396:.
2328:^
2311:.
2296:^
2279:.
2215:^
2179:81
2177:.
2173:.
2132:^
2110:.
2075:.
2045:^
2035:.
1995:^
1967:^
1951:.
1939:;
1928:^
1911:.
1854:^
1792:.
1784:.
1774:.
1764:.
1748:.
1742:.
1740:)"
1718:^
1684:^
1625:.
1591:.
1499:,
1410::
1380:.
1297:BP
1147:,
1080:.
905:.
855:10
598:.
447:,
200:A
4492:e
4485:t
4478:v
3383:e
3376:t
3369:v
3355:.
3289:.
3267::
3259::
3253:8
3232:.
3210::
3183:.
3161::
3134:.
3112::
3102::
3075:.
3047::
3023:.
2991::
2985:4
2951::
2931:.
2909::
2882:.
2759:.
2737::
2710:.
2684:.
2640:.
2587:.
2572:)
2552:.
2526:.
2500:.
2478:.
2453:.
2432:.
2407:.
2365:.
2322:.
2290:.
2264:.
2237:.
2195:.
2155:.
2126:.
2021:.
1961:.
1922:.
1897:.
1800:.
1778::
1768::
1760::
1712:.
1464:-
1208:)
1202:(
1197:)
1193:(
1179:.
834:8
813:9
792:7
771:6
750:5
729:4
708:3
687:2
666:1
246:(
172:)
168:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
