1011:. Chao Chang Nyeu was a prince from Mong-Ri Mong-Ram, who had travelled to Mong Mao possibly on an expedition. Mong Mao was then ruled by Chao Tai Pung. Chao Chang Nyeu was later befriended by Pao Meo Pung, the son of the ruler, who gave his sister Blak Kham Sen in marriage. Sukaphaa was born of this union not later than 1189 CE and was brought up by his maternal grandparents. Pao Meo Pung, who eventually ruled Mong Mao, had no male heir and Sukaphaa, his nephew, was nominated to succeed him. A son born late to Pao Meo Pung's queen ended Sukaphaa's claim to the throne of Mong Mao.
254:
1571::12). "...the Ahoms assimilated some of the Nagas, Moran and Barahi neighbors and later also large sections of the Chutiya and the Kachari tribes. This Ahomisation process went on until the expanded Ahom society itself began to be Hinduised from the mid-16th century onwards." The Ahomization of neighbors, thus, began with Sukaphaa himself.
1385:"The choice fell on him not only for his qualities as a military leader, but also for his privileged birth in the Chao-pha (noble-celestial) or royal clan from which alone a Tai segmentary society could customarily choose its chief. More precisely, he belonged to the Tiger (Su/Tsu) clan of the Mao-Shan sub-tribe." (
1085:
Sukaphaa moved and lived amongst the tribesman, learnt their languages, honoured their religious rites, married their daughters and led a simple life of a commoner, himself cultivating in the land. He accepted them to his social fold, placed them on equal footing with his own men and treated them as
1079:
Sukaphaa came into Assam not as a raiding conqueror but as a head of an agriculture folk in search of land. It appear he didn't encroach upon the land of peasants, rather he opened up new areas for settlement, procuring with shrewd diplomacy what he direly needed for the purpose- the service of the
1094:
Over the next few years, he moved from place to place searching for the right capital, leaving behind his representative at each stage to rule the colonised land. Then he went up the
Burhidihing river and established a province at Lakhen Telsa. Then he came back down the river and established his
1034:
Sukaphaa left Mong Mao in 1215. He was accompanied by three queens, two sons and a daughter; chiefs from five other dependent Mongs; members of the priestly class and soldiers—a total contingent of 9,000. Some commoners are recorded as having joined this core group on the way. Sukaphaa had with him
1175:
Even though
Sukaphaa treated the people of the Patkai hills very severely on his way to the Brahmaputra valley, his approach to the population in Assam was conciliatory and non-confrontational. He married the daughters of Badaucha, the Moran Chief and Thakumatha, the Barahi chief and established
40:
1082:
Come and have mutual introduction with us.You are the host, the natives of this land: we are guests coming from an up-country. You should introduce to us the local people. His appeal had the desired effect and the tribes were subsequently won
1103:). In 1244 he went further down to Ligirigaon (Song-Tak), a few miles from present-day Nazira, and in 1246 to Simaluguri (Tun Nyeu), a place downstream from the present-day Simaluguri. Finally in 1253 he built himself his capital city at
1463::253). According to this version, Sukaphaa's father had earlier divided his Mong among his three sons, and Sukaphaa became the ruler of Mong Mit about 1209. The immediate cause of departure was the aggression of Su-Khan-Pha of Mong Mao.
1419:
by
Kashinath Tamuli Phukan, Chao Tai Pung ruled Mong Mao, and had two sons, Pao Meo Pung (who finally ruled Mong Mao) and Phu Chang Khang (who finally ruled Mong Mit). Sukaphaa was born to Phu Chang Khang. This version is discounted by
1025:
According to tradition, his grandmother advised him thus - "no two tigers live in the same jungle, no two kings sit on the same throne." Accordingly, Sukaphaa is said to have left Chieng-Sen the capital of Mong Mao in the year 1215 CE.
916:, the kingdom he established in 1228 existed for nearly six hundred years and in the process unified the various ethnic groups of the region that left a deep impact on the region. In reverence to his position in Assam's history the
1234:
A 100-feet long statue of
Chaolung Siu Ka Pha was unveiled in Nazira, Assam on 26 February 2021 by Assam Health, Finance and Education Minister Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma. It stirred controversy because of its "weird looking" face.
1071:(in the Brahmaputra valley) in December 1228. The journey, from Mong Mao to Namrup thus took Sukaphaa about thirteen years and the year he reached Namrup is considered as the year the Ahom kingdom was established.
1176:
cordial relations with them. As he began establishing his domain, he avoided regions that were heavily populated. He encouraged his soldiers as well as members of the Ahom elite to marry locally. A process of
1180:(whereby locals who adopted Ahom methods of wet rice cultivation and statecraft were accepted into the Ahom fold) bolstered the process of integration. The local Borahi and the Moran people, speakers of
983:
The details of
Sukaphaa's life and origins before his entry into Assam, available from different chronicles, both Ahom and non-Ahom, are full of contradictions. According to
1459:
Most
Buranjis attest to this version. Some Tai chronicles from outside Assam record the journey of Sukaphaa from Mong Mit (and not Mong Mao) in 1227 where he was the ruler (
1035:
300 horses fitted with saddles and bridles and two elephants. Heavy arms were transported along a different route. Sukaphaa followed an older known route from
938:
as the
Sukaphaa Divas, or Asom Divas (Assam Day), to commemorate the advent of the first king of the Ahom kingdom in Assam after his journey over the
1197:
On 2 December, Assam celebrates the
Sukaphaa Divas, or Asom Divas (Assam Day). An award is given by State Govt. that day to a prominent personality.
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1144:
1241:
1203:
1372:"...the advance of the Tais under Sukapha (Siu-Ka-Pha) was a historical fact and is well documented by records and traditions." (
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very ferociously and established a Mong. He left one Kan-Khrang-Mong there to guard the passage back, and proceeded to cross the
1275:
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town. The capital of the Ahom kingdom changed many times after this, but
Charaideo remained the symbolic center of Ahom rule.
862:
1786:
An article by Dr
Sikhamoni Konwar published in The Assam Tribune on the occasion of Siu-Ka-Pha/Assam Divas on 2 December 2008.
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and the architect of Assam. A prince of the Su/Tsu (Tiger) clan of the Mao-Shan sub-tribe originally from present-day
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855:
1688:"The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)"
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963:, who had come down from the heavens and had ruled Mong-Ri-Mong-Ram. Sukaphaa brings a divine diamond
1814:
1783:
1184:, addressed Sukaphaa's people as "Ha-Cham", that later on developed into "Assam" or "Ahom" (see
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1780:
An article by Babul Tamuli published in The Assam Tribune on the occasion of Siu-Ka-Pha Divas.
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1819:
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rule at Tipam. In 1236 he moved to Mungklang (Abhoipur), and in 1240 down the Brahmaputra to
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valley. On his way he stopped at various places and crossed the Khamjang river to reach the
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After his 19 years as crown prince came to an end, Sukaphaa decided to leave Mong Mao.
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who has tried to hold up a consistent account, Sukaphaa was born to Chao Chang-Nyeu (
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Yasmin Saikia (2004), Fragmented memories : struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India
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In 1268 Sukaphaa died. At the time of his death, his kingdom was bounded by the
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790:
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Phukan, J. N. (1992), "The Tai-Ahom Power in Assam", in Barpujari, H. K. (ed.),
1597:"100-foot Chaolung Siu Ka Pha statue at Nazira » News Live TV » Assam"
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1722:, vol. 2, Guwahati: Assam Publication Board, pp. 49–60
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1231:) : Inaugurated on 2 December 2015, at Mohbondha, Jorhat.
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1398:"...it is not until Sukapha became king in 1228 AD..." (
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A cruise in the name of RV Sukafa plying on Brahmaputra.
1651:
Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India
1582:"Gogoi inaugurates Sukapha Samannay Kshetra in Jorhat"
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in a box, a divine tusked elephant, a divine chicken
991:
Phu-Chang-Khang) and Nang-Mong Blak-Kham-Sen in the
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Fictional representation of Sukapha by Pushpa Gogoi
1731:(book), New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers
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1137:in the west, the Disang River in the north, the
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959:tradition, Sukaphaa was a descendant of the god
1172:) in the south and the Naga Hills in the east.
934:Since 1996, December 2 has been celebrated in
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856:
1761:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1272:Sukaphaa Bhawan at Borbaruah, Dibrugarh. (
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1500:Comprehensive history of Assam, SL Baruah
1238:Sukaphaa Bhawan at Khanapara, Guwahati (
1672:, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company
923:is generally associated with his name (
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1720:The Comprehensive History of Assam
1595:Desk, Digital (25 February 2021).
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1670:Agrarian System Of Medieval Assam
1729:A Comprehensive History of Assam
1686:Guha, Amalendu (December 1983),
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1784:Siukapha–an epitome of harmony
1778:Siu-Ka-Pha – a great visionary
1681:, Guwahati: Gauhati University
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1200:Sukapha Samannay Kshetra (
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1825:13th-century Asian people
1654:, Duke University Press,
1257:26.1254446°N 91.8036044°E
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1350:. 2004. pp. 242–3.
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1182:Tibeto-Burman languages
1160:26.970732°N 94.636745°E
1415::67) According to the
1262:26.1254446; 91.8036044
1224:26.7161399; 94.0782113
1727:Baruah, S L (1986),
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122:(present day India)
1739:A History of Assam
1626:has generic name (
1186:Etymology of Assam
1030:Journey into Assam
979:Prince of Mong Mao
263:List of Ahom kings
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1107:near present-day
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1422:Phukan (1992)
1418:
1414:
1408:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1337:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1305:
1300:
1271:
1266:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1128:Gachikalakhat
1125:
1121:
1120:Barakhowakhat
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1087:
1086:his friends.
1084:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1063:hills at the
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:Nangyang lake
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
985:Phukan (1992)
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
955:According to
943:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
892:
888:
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861:
859:
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844:
843:
833:
831:
828:
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824:
820:
818:
815:
812:
811:
807:
805:
802:
799:
798:
794:
792:
789:
786:
785:
781:
779:
776:
773:
772:
768:
766:
763:
760:
759:
755:
753:
752:Suhitpangphaa
750:
747:
746:
742:
740:
737:
734:
733:
729:
727:
724:
721:
720:
716:
714:
711:
708:
707:
703:
701:
698:
695:
694:
690:
688:
685:
682:
681:
677:
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672:
669:
668:
664:
662:
659:
656:
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638:
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633:
630:
629:
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623:
620:
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612:
610:
607:
604:
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599:
597:
594:
591:
590:
586:
584:
581:
578:
577:
573:
571:
568:
565:
564:
560:
558:
555:
552:
551:
547:
545:
542:
539:
538:
534:
532:
529:
526:
525:
521:
519:
516:
513:
512:
508:
506:
503:
500:
499:
495:
493:
490:
487:
486:
482:
480:
477:
474:
473:
469:
467:
464:
461:
460:
456:
454:
451:
448:
447:
443:
441:
438:
435:
434:
430:
428:
425:
422:
421:
417:
415:
412:
409:
408:
404:
402:
399:
396:
395:
391:
389:
386:
384:
383:
379:
377:
374:
371:
370:
366:
364:
361:
359:
358:
354:
352:
349:
346:
345:
341:
339:
336:
334:
333:
329:
327:
324:
321:
320:
316:
314:
311:
308:
307:
303:
301:
298:
295:
294:
290:
288:
285:
282:
281:
277:
275:
272:
269:
268:
260:
259:
255:
251:
250:
247:
244:
243:
236:
235:Ahom religion
233:
229:
226:Blak Kham Sen
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
207:
205:
201:
197:
195:
191:
182:
177:
173:
170:
167:
165:
161:
154:
151:
149:Ai-Me-Chao-Lo
148:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:(present day
96:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1820:Ahom kingdom
1742:, Calcutta,
1738:
1728:
1719:
1698:(12): 3–34,
1695:
1691:
1678:
1669:
1650:
1604:. Retrieved
1601:News Live TV
1600:
1590:
1576:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1508:
1499:
1494:
1481:
1468:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1407:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1361:Baruah (1986
1356:
1346:
1340:
1322:Ahom kingdom
1317:Ahom Dynasty
1174:
1139:Dikhow River
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1093:
1081:
1078:
1067:and reached
1065:Pangsau pass
1033:
1024:
1021:
1016:
988:
982:
972:
969:Kaichengmung
968:
964:
960:
954:
933:
928:
924:
920:
902:Ahom kingdom
896:in medieval
889:, the first
886:
875:
874:
687:Sukhrungphaa
387:
362:
337:
313:Sukhaangphaa
273:
246:Ahom dynasty
209:Ahom dynasty
120:Ahom kingdom
101:province of
68:
31:
24:
18:
1810:1268 deaths
1805:1189 births
1624:|last=
1530:Phukan 1992
1514:Phukan 1992
1487:Phukan 1992
1413:Phukan 1992
1374:Phukan 1992
1294: /
1260: /
1222: /
1178:Ahomisation
1163: /
765:Suklingphaa
518:Susenghphaa
505:Sukhaamphaa
388:Interregnum
376:Tyao Khamti
363:Interregnum
338:Interregnum
326:Sukhrangpha
65:Predecessor
1800:Ahom kings
1794:Categories
1638:References
1556:Gogoi 1968
1543:Gogoi 2002
1476::256–257).
1474:Gogoi 1968
1461:Gogoi 1968
1448:Gogoi 1968
1435:Gogoi 1968
1282:94°51′57″E
1279:27°20′49″N
1248:91°48′13″E
1245:26°07′32″N
1210:94°04′42″E
1207:26°42′58″N
1151:94°38′12″E
1148:26°58′15″N
1124:Engerakhat
931:: great).
887:Siu-Ka-Pha
804:Sudingphaa
778:Sudingphaa
739:Sunyeophaa
622:Gobar Roja
596:Suklamphaa
583:Sunyatphaa
570:Supangmung
544:Sutingphaa
492:Suklenmung
479:Suhungmung
427:Suphakphaa
414:Sujangphaa
401:Sudangphaa
1569:Guha 1983
1400:Gait 1906
1387:Guha 1983
1105:Charaideo
1041:Myitkyina
995:state of
918:honorific
726:Suremphaa
713:Sunenphaa
700:Sutanphaa
674:Supatphaa
661:Sulikphaa
648:Sudoiphaa
635:Sujinphaa
531:Suramphaa
466:Supimphaa
453:Suhenphaa
440:Susenphaa
300:Subinphaa
287:Suteuphaa
169:Suteuphaa
136:Charaideo
116:Charaideo
79:Suteuphaa
75:Successor
60:1228–1268
51:Ahom King
16:Ahom king
1757:citation
1648:(2004),
1616:cite web
1606:15 April
1311:See also
1192:Memorial
1109:Sibsagar
1017:Mong Mao
997:Mong Mao
961:Khunlung
946:Ancestry
927:: lord;
921:Chaolung
906:Mong Mao
885:), also
876:Sukaphaa
351:Sutuphaa
274:Sukaphaa
231:Religion
32:Chaolung
25:Sukaphaa
1712:3516963
1417:Buranji
1101:Dhemaji
1045:Mogaung
973:Hengdan
942:Hills.
557:Sutamla
204:Dynasty
1746:
1710:
1658:
1097:Habung
1069:Namrup
1061:Patkai
1037:Yunnan
1005:Yunnan
951:Legend
940:Patkai
609:Suhung
223:Mother
215:Father
143:Spouse
127:Burial
1708:JSTOR
1558::264)
1450::251)
1333:Notes
1083:over.
1057:Nagas
1009:China
1001:Ruili
989:alias
936:Assam
914:China
898:Assam
194:House
179:Names
164:Issue
103:China
99:Yunan
57:Reign
1763:link
1744:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1628:help
1608:2021
1532::53)
1516::52)
1489::51)
1402::iv)
1389::13)
1376::51)
1126:and
1116:sali
957:Ahom
929:Lung
925:Chao
894:king
891:Ahom
110:Died
92:1189
89:Born
1700:doi
1003:in
993:Tai
1796::
1759:}}
1755:{{
1706:,
1696:11
1694:,
1690:,
1620::
1618:}}
1614:{{
1599:.
1521:^
1130:.
1122:,
1043:,
1007:,
975:.
912:,
908:,
881:r.
826:41
813:40
800:39
787:38
774:37
761:36
748:35
735:34
722:33
709:32
696:31
683:30
670:29
657:28
644:27
631:26
618:25
605:24
592:23
579:22
566:21
553:20
540:19
527:18
514:17
501:16
488:15
475:14
462:13
449:12
436:11
423:10
134:,
118:,
1765:)
1702::
1630:)
1610:.
1567:(
1554:(
1541:(
1528:(
1512:(
1485:(
1446:(
1437:)
1433:(
1424:.
1411:(
1303:)
1269:)
1141:(
1099:(
878:(
864:e
857:t
850:v
410:9
397:8
372:7
347:6
322:5
309:4
296:3
283:2
270:1
105:)
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