713:
894:
924:, who reached and besieged Bijapur, but was ultimately unsuccessful. The greatest threat to Bijapur's security was, from the late 16th century, the expansion of the Mughal Empire into the Deccan. Various agreements and treaties imposed Mughal suzerainty on the Adil Shahs, by stages, until Bijapur's forced recognition of Mughal authority in 1636 from another invasion, forcing them to pay tribute to the Mughal emperor. As a reward for this gesture, the recent Mughal conquest of Ahmednagar was partitioned between the two states. It was after this humiliation of recognizing Mughal suzerainty, however, that Bijapur reached its territorial peak, when it stretched from the
886:
of influence such that the latter was let to conquer the Berar
Sultanate, provided the Adil Shahis could expand southwards into the territory of the decaying Vijayanagara Empire without the hindrance of the Nizam Shahis. However, as Bidar did not fall under either of these spheres of influence, Malik Ambar, then de facto ruler of Ahmednagar, grew irate, and invaded Bijapur, reaching the capital relatively unopposed, but later withdrew. The sultan, in addition to his work on Nauraspur, constructed many architectural works near Bijapur which composed the
507:. The greatest threat to Bijapur's security was, from the late 16th century, the expansion of the Mughal Empire into the Deccan. Although it was the case that the Mughals destroyed the Adilshahi, it was Shivaji's revolt which weakened the Adilshahi control. Various agreements and treaties imposed Mughal suzerainty on the Adil Shahs, by stages, until Bijapur's formal recognition of Mughal authority in 1636. The demands of their Mughal overlords sapped the Adil Shahs of their wealth until the Mughal conquest of Bijapur in 1686.
516:
986:, the last Adil Shahi sultan, ruled next for fourteen troublesome years. His reign saw multiple civil wars and much internal strife and unrest, particularly over who should be his regent, as he was only four at the time of his accession. Khawas Khan, Sikandar Adil Shah's initial regent and leader of the Deccani faction, was the same as Muhammad's during his regency, but was quickly removed from power. Shivaji formally founded an independent Maratha Kingdom, which went on to become the
38:
813:
639:; though initially successful and having an advantage in artillery, the first major appearance of which in a South Asian battle, Ismail was routed by the Vijayanagara forces in a surprise counter-attack, scattering much of his forces. The battle contained a contingent of Portuguese mercenaries, which were opposed to the Adil Shahis following their encounters a decade prior. Not long after Ismail's retreat, Krishnadevaraya captured the fort of
1267:
1034:
769:
was a shell of its former self. With this victory, Ali I then fortified
Bijapur with a city wall, which facilitated the further centralization of authority. Subsequent architectural projects gave way to the growth of the city and its skilled class. Another conflict between Ahmednagar and Bijapur arose in 1567; Ali invaded the former and his forces occupied multiple forts, but the war ended up inconclusive. In 1570, a
687:, but did not seize any territory in the long-term and returned home only with non-territorial rewards. In another conflict with the Portuguese, Ibrahim was forced to cede two ports in the fear that trade through Goa might be cut off from the Adil Shahis. His kingdom was invaded four times by the forces of the Ahmednagar Sultanate in his reign, who were the Sultanate's greatest adversary; Sultan
1967:
960:, multiple other forts, and reached Bijapur, though were forced to retreat before they could lay siege to the city; Aurangzeb was nevertheless able to annex much of the occupied territory, including Bidar. The stability of the Bijapur Sultante was again affected by further troubles with the Marathas, who persisted with raids and rebellions.
704:
freedom to expand in the territory of Bidar provided
Bijapur could have the same freedom to annex lands from Vijayanagara; thus Ibrahim imprisoned Ali Barid Shahi of Bidar despite their former alliance, though he was later freed by Jamsheed out of his yearning for a buffer state in the Deccan. Burhan Nizam Shah four times laid siege to
752:
by Ali, but his forces voluntarily raised the siege; Hussain too was forced to abandon his siege of
Kaliyani, and the only profiteer of the conflict was Vijayanagara, who gained territory from an invasion of Golconda. Vijayanagara additionally gained land from Bijapur through persuasion; this included the cities of
990:, in 1674, and by then had de facto control over much of the Adil Shahis' original territory in the Deccan. He after this undid almost all of the southern Bijapuri conquests, and annexed this territory into his own state, including the recently captured Tanjore. On 12 September 1686, the Mughal armies under
2987:
The official language of the court at Bījāpūr during the ʿĀdelšāhī period and until the end of Mughal rule in 1274/1858 was
Persian. Indeed, Yūsof ʿĀdelšāh (895–916/1489–1510) and his son Esmāʿīl themselves wrote poetry in Persian, Esmāʿīl under the pen name Wafāʾī. The ʿĀdelšāhīs established Shiʿism
885:
of western India. Bijapur, under
Ibrahim II, conquered the neighbouring Bidar Sultanate in 1619, although effective control over the state had been achieved as early as 1580. This was preceded by an agreement between the rulers of Bijapur and the Ahmednagar Sultanate, where they divided their spheres
768:
states prompted the emigration of much of
Vijayanagara's populace to Bijapur. The entire Raichur Doab and the surrounding area were returned to Bijapur. The Vijayanagara military was demolished, and the power of the kingdom had been significantly diminished from the effects of the battle and as such
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of
Ahmednagar. In 1597, despite their past quarrels, the Adil Shahis formed an alliance with Ahmednagar and Golconda to deter further Mughal advance in the Deccan, who had recently conquered Berar from Ahmednagar. Their alliance, led under a Bijapuri general, was defeated in their attempts to defeat
682:
succeeded Mallu as the son of Ismail in 1535. He reestablished the state religion as
Sunnism, and made drastic anti-Westerner court changes by abolishing the use of the Persian language in certain administrative tasks, though retaining it as the official language of the Sultanate and expelling many
751:
and other cities in the kingdom. Hussain sued for peace in 1561, and in return was forced to submit to Rama Raya and return
Kaliyani to Ali Adil Shah. In 1563 Hussain attempted to regain Kaliyani and again laid siege to it. Another conflict ensued with the same belligerents; Ahmednagar was besieged
932:
through continued southern conquests. The Sultanate of Bijapur would come however into rapid political and general decline halfway through Muhammad's reign, primarily due to the strain in relations with nobles and landholders, many of whom later deserted to work for the Mughal bureaucracy, and the
703:
of Berar. The war comprised numerous invasions by the belligerents of their opponents' states, and was a defeat for the Bijapuri–Bidar side, who were forced to cede one of the northern districts of the Bijapur Sultanate to Ahmednagar. Burhan and Ibrahim agreed to a policy of allowing Ahmednagar
655:
attempted to intervene in the conflict to seek mediation, but was unsuccessful. Amir Barid, in exchange for his life following his capture, gave up the fort of Bidar, which was subsequently looted by Ismail and his troops. Another campaign the following year saw Ismail recapture Raichur and
708:
throughout these conflicts, but did not successfully retain it until a third invasion, where territory on the southern border was additionally occupied. Burhan advanced in a fourth invasion in 1553 with Vijayanagara almost to the Bijapuri capital, but retreated due to his failing health.
840:
was set on the throne, then only nine years of age in 1580. Control of the regency was constantly fought over in the years following his accession; there were many years when his regent was the influential Kamal Khan, while later in his minority absolute control was wielded by the
790:
writes that his "armies destroyed two to three hundred Hindu temples" and that he replaced many of these with Shia religious buildings. By 1576, the land gained under Ali I's reign had doubled the sultanate's holdings. Ali furthermore commenced diplomatic relations with the
845:
Dilawar Khan, who reverted the official sect of the sultanate back to Sunni Islam, the final change in creed the state would undergo. Dilawar's supremacy ended with his deposition by Ibrahim II in 1590. Ibrahim's ensuing unhindered rule was one of prosperity and patronage;
773:
began in the hopes of expelling them completely from India; this did not go according to plan, however, and Ali was defeated after multiple encounters in 1571. He subsequently annexed more land from Vijayanagara in a campaign lasting until 1575, in which he conquered
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945:
commander in the service of Mohammed Adil Shah who had been employed in the Karnatak campaigns. Muhammad Adil Shah died in 1656, though was effectively powerless in the last decade of his life from a paralyzing illness which first affected him in 1646.
626:
it soon after Ismail's accession in 1510; Ismail retook the settlement two months later, however, but the Portuguese again conquered it in November of that year. In 1514 a dispute over Gulbaraga province led the rulers of the Ahmednagar, Golconda, and
858:, additionally reached its zenith under Ibrahim's rule, while the capital became one of the most prosperous in India; population estimates of the city in the latter half of Ibrahim's rule range as high as one million, and contrasting accounts from a
738:
and Kaliyani, both of which had been taken from the Sultanate in past Ahmednagari invasions, given the domestic and foreign strife Ahmednagar had been facing, but was declined. He subsequently invaded the Nizam Shahi kingdom, with assistance from
660:
from Vijayanagara, whose monarch Krishnadevaraya had recently died. Amir Barid, as he was present at the engagement, there agreed with Ismail to cede him the forts of Kalyani and Qandhar in exchange for Ismail's relinquishment of Bidar.
862:
in Ali I's rule and a Mughal diplomat in the same period of Ibrahim's rule show the increase of wealth of the commoners and city. In 1594, Ibrahim suppressed a rebellion of his brother Ismail, who had been aided in his efforts by
760:. Wary of the growing power of Vijayanagara, Ali aligned his forces with the Sultans of Golconda, Ahmednagar and Bidar, despite their past conflicts, and together brought down the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 in the decisive
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in style. In contrast to North Indian contemporary painting, it almost never depicted events and scenes of war, and rather focused on atmospheres and picturesque fantasies and dreams, straying away from logic in general.
876:
in 1599, three kilometers west of Bijapur as a planned great center of learning and art as a garden and palace city, but it was never fully completed and was destroyed in 1624. In 1618, the sultan lost the fortress of
1060:, influenced by that of the Middle East. Adil Shahi architecture was of high sculptrual quality, attained through its localized and unique nature. Characteristic of Adil Shahi architecture was large domes and
915:
succeeded his father Ibrahim II in 1627. Under Muhammad's reign, the Sultanate of Bijapur reached its peak, territorially and in power and economic prosperity. He created his own mausoleum in Bijapur, the
610:
was still a boy. Ismail's regent at the time, Kamal Khan, staged a coup against him, but was unsuccessful and was killed. Ismail thus became the full ruler of Bijapur. A colonial expedition of the
920:, and repelled another invasion by the Ahmednagar Sultanate early in his rule. The first invasion of the Sultanate of Bijapur by the Mughal Empire also took place under Muhammad's rule in 1631 by
683:
of the Westernerns and replacing them with the opposing faction, the Deccanis. Ibrahim also invaded the Vijayanagara Empire in his reign; he pillaged multiple cities and besieged their capital,
643:. A later diplomatic conflict saw Krishnadevaraya occupy the capital of Bijapur for an extended period through the sultan's insistence to not see the emperor. Ismail invaded the territory of
764:. Rama Raya was beheaded after being captured by the Deccani side. Vijayanagara and nearby cities were sacked and looted, the former city for a period of five to six months, which historian
2246:, were a faction within the Deccani and Bahmani courts which included anyone not native to the subcontinent (hence "west" of it), and were typically Persian-speaking and of the Shi'a faith.
1138:
and a massive dome, the largest in the Islamic world upon its near-completion upon Muhammad's death in 1656. The last main Adil Shahi architectural project was the unfinished mausoleum of
3883:
2210:. 'Khan', meaning 'Chief' in various Central Asian cultures and adopted in Persian, conferred a lower status than 'Shah', indicating royal rank. Only with the rule of Yusuf's grandson,
868:
the Mughal forces despite outnumbering them three to one. Ahmednagar fully fell to Mughal sovereignty in 1600, but Ibrahim continued to support the later successful revival efforts of
344:, the collective name of the five successor states of the Bahmani Sultanate. At its peak, the Sultanate of Bijapur was one of the most powerful states in South Asia, second to the
712:
672:, and is noted for his lack of competence. His indifference to taking care of the responsibilities of his role as sultan led Vijayanagara to invade the Sultanate and seize the
635:. The siege would continue for three months until the emperor's encounter with Ismail, who attempted to relieve the siege. Ismail was defeated by Krishnadevaraya there in the
631:
Sultanates to invade the provinces of Ismail Adil Shah, but they were deterred and Ismail emerged victorious. In 1520, Krishnadevaraya laid siege to the Bijapuri fort of
491:
Incessant conflicts with the Sultanate's neighbours curtailed the development of the Bijapur state. The Deccan sultanates allied to achieve victory over Vijayanagara at
587:; after which he, for the first time, proclaimed Shia Islam to be the official religion of his territorial holdings. He married Punji, the sister of a Maratha Raja of
282:
268:
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Chapter on "Persian Literature in Bijapur Sultanate" in The Rise, Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature by R.M. Chopra, Iran Culture House, New Delhi, 2012.
370:
The Bijapur Sultanate's borders changed considerably throughout its history. Its northern boundary remained relatively stable, straddling contemporary Southern
4729:
898:
4724:
1118:, the sultanate's most prolfific patron, the aspects of Adil Shahi architecture evolved to focus on intricate carvings and detail and adopted a style of
2371:
The Adil Shahi rulers of Bijapur used written Marathi for local government, including revenue collection and judicial matters, as did the Nizam Shahis.
972:
with Shivaji. Despite further Maratha advances in the north, Ali continued his southern campaigns in the Karnatak and Carnatic, in which he captured
37:
850:
thrived under his reign, with its adherents and many people of talent flocking to Bijapur, largely due to his own talent as a musician and poet.
571:. In 1490, Yusuf took advantage of the decline of Bahmani power to establish himself as an independent sultan at Bijapur, pursuing the same goal
1122:; this change is seen in the Malika Jahan Begum mosque built by the sultan in 1586. His most notable commissioned work though was the eponymous
1228:, who after entering Ibrahim's service in 1604 and gaining his trust, on the sultan's suggestion wrote his history of the medieval Deccan, the
1022:
2143:
964:, a Bijapuri general, was sent to subdue Shivaji in 1659, but his expedition ended a disaster, as he was murdered and his home fort of
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2109:
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prior to its independence in 1490 and before the former's political decline in the last quarter of the 15th century. It was one of the
367:. In 1490, he created a de facto independent Bijapur state, before becoming formally independent with the Bahmanis' collapse in 1518.
2497:
In 1481, Yusuf 'Adil Khan, a Persian slave who claimed to descend from the Ottoman sultan Murad III, became the governor of Bijapur.
480:), further adorned Bijapur with palaces, mosques, a mausoleum and other structures, considered to be some of the finest examples of
1981:
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363:, after emigrating to the Bahmani Sultanate, rose his position within the state and was appointed governor of the province of
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allied himself initially with Bidar in his first invasion, which saw no territorial losses for Bijapur, but Bidar, ruled by
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remained the capital of the Sultanate throughout its existence. After modest earlier developments, Ibrahim Adil Shah I and
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Shaheen, Shagufta; Shahid, Sajjad (2018). "The Unique Literary Traditions of Dakhnī". In Azam, Kousar J. (ed.).
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Mondini, Sara (2020). "The Jami Masjid Miḥrāb of Bijapur: Inscribing Turkic Identities in a Contested Space".
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which the city had undergone since April of the previous year, and the Sultanate of Bijapur came to an end.
551:, although this is considered unfounded by modern historians. Another theory states he was a Turkman of the
1200:, and Bijapur was one of the centers for its early literary evolution. Ibrahim II was a skillful writer of
2273:
2102:
1110:, and was commissioned in 1576. The largest of any structure of its type in the Deccan at its inception,
3582:
1254:
Nine sultans ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur from 1490 to 1686, their title being the Sultan of Bijapur.
695:, later allied itself with Bijapur in the second invasion. This saw a quadruple alliance of Ahmednagar,
4749:
4744:
4339:
3332:
2129:
669:
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1232:, which serves as the basis for much of the modern historiography on the region and period. The later
1126:, completed in 1626, comprising a mosque built in honour of his wife and a mausoleum for his dynasty.
1057:
485:
2078:
730:, who next ascended the throne in 1558, reestablished Shiism as the state religion. He inquired of
572:
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Local States in an Imperial World : Identity, Society and Politics in the Early Modern Deccan
1134:, his own mausoleum and one of the greatest monuments in Bijapur. It is supported by large arched
499:
in 1619. The Sultanate was thereafter relatively stable, although it was damaged by the revolt of
3401:
2023:
1094:
to them. The first building to fully employ the characteristics of Adil Shahi architecture was a
952:
inherited a troubled kingdom. His state was invaded by Mughal forces in 1657, under then viceroy
696:
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1986:
1176:. Miniature painting was virtually nonexistant in the Bijapur Sultanate prior to the reign of
2028:
2008:
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in Bījāpūr and actively encouraged the immigration of Persian writers and religious figures.
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Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7)
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1208:, a Deccani musical poetry work, and patronized many poets and their works of art. His
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for the greater cause of pushing back the Mughals. Ibrahim II also founded the city of
817:
761:
492:
413:. Bijapur, for most of its history, was bounded on the west by the Portuguese state of
387:
157:
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782:; Ali embarked on a monarch-transcending campaign to capture and subjugate all of the
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in 1534, whose reign was short-lived. He was installed by a prominent Bijapuri noble,
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4606:
4527:
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4418:"'Kiss My Foot,' Said the King: Firearms, Diplomacy and the Battle for Raichur, 1520"
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A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century
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A painting of "The House of Bijapur" completed in the year 1680, during the reign of
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234:
4543:"Book Culture, Royal Libraries, and Persianate Painting in Bijapur, circa 1580‒1630"
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calls it "one of the most imposing and magnificent structures in the Deccan." Under
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of Bidar in 1529; he cut off the supply lines to the city and began to besiege it.
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in his reign, and Eaton opines that these actions brought the sultanate into the
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in 1565. The state would further expand through its conquest of the neighbouring
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Courtly Encounters: Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia
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from the Adil Shahis. Mallu Adil Shah was soon blinded and removed from power.
536:
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Alam, Muzaffar (1998). "The pursuit of Persian: Language in Mughal Politics".
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Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics
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503:, who would found an independent Maratha Kingdom which went on to become the
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Map of the Adil Shahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate at its greatest extent
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1028:
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409:), extended Bijapur's formal borders and nominal authority as far south as
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The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates: Living Well in the Persian Cosmopolis
2512:
A History of the Muslim World since 1260: The Making of a Global Community
4286:"Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation"
2349:"Persian in the Villages, or, the Language of Jamiat Rai's Account Books"
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as well the same year, where his zealotry for Shiism was put on display;
720:, a manuscript on astrology and metaphysics completed under the reign of
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origin. According to the narrative presented by contemporary historian
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2278:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.4 (k).
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A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761 : Eight Indian Lives
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378:. The Sultanate expanded southward, first with the conquest of the
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The Adil Shahi sultans promoted the development of writing in the
1082:, the first sultan, began his work by expanding on two dargahs at
1033:
443:) remodelled Bijapur, providing the citadel and city walls, and a
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and his successors. The Bijapur school of painting was rooted in
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War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849
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Architecture of the Deccan sultanates § Bijapur Sultanate
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Yusuf's bravery and personality raised him rapidly in Sultan
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1236:, one of the foremost Deccani poets, wrote the romance work
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come into common use. Even then, Bijapur rulers recognized
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567:'s favour, resulting in his appointment as the Governor of
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2729:"The Safavids and Mughal Relations with the Deccan States"
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Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
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3233:
3221:
3194:
3044:
3020:
2993:
2925:
2923:
2903:
2759:
2679:
2643:
2556:
2482:
Medieval Islamic Civilization, Volume 1 An Encyclopedia
2460:
4658:
History of Medieval Deccan (1295–1724) : Volume I
4650:. Krishnavas International Printers, Hyderabad Deccan.
4195:
3996:
3625:
3514:
3480:
3478:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3376:
3211:
3209:
3182:
3119:
3095:
2952:
2950:
531:, may have been a Georgian slave who was purchased by
3984:
3791:
3736:
3673:
3269:
2891:
2867:
2613:. International Journal of Social Studies 4 (1): 423.
2433:
2401:
1146:, which stopped construction upon his death in 1672.
3724:
3712:
3649:
3071:
2920:
2819:
2807:
2655:
4571:, ed. (1974). "The Five Sultanates of the Deccan".
4523:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
4387:Eaton, Richard M. (2008). "Rama Raya (1484–1565)".
3490:
3475:
3458:
3446:
3434:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3206:
3170:
3158:
3107:
3083:
2947:
2935:
2795:
2783:
2708:
2667:
618:, exerted pressure on the major Adil Shahi port of
583:, Yusuf conquered and annexed the Bahmani taraf of
575:had the same year. In 1504, following the death of
3613:
3418:
4598:
4099:
4044:
4017:
3978:
3966:
3954:
3939:
3927:
3915:
3869:
3761:
3694:
3568:
3370:
3065:
4716:
523:in 1525, the Sultanate of Bijapur in center-left
4647:The Bahmanis of the Deccan – An Objective Study
2508:
831:
4288:. Indiana University Press. pp. 44, 409.
2589:. University of Washington Press. p. 25.
4730:States and territories disestablished in 1686
4619:
4189:
3400:Asher, Catherine B.; Talbor, Cynthia (2006).
2137:
1246:, and a narrative of the sultan's conquests.
4623:Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad
2439:
2300:Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals
2271:
594:Yusuf died in 1510, in a confrontation with
4709:The Adil Shahi Kingdom (1510 CE to 1686 CE)
3399:
2697:
743:, then de facto ruler of Vijayanagara, and
4725:States and territories established in 1490
4599:Mitchell, George; Zebrowski, Mark (1999).
4430:(1). Cambridge University Press: 289–313.
4302:
4153:"Deccani Paintings: The School of Bijapur"
3426:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
3416:
3406:. Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
2733:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2578:
2576:
2320:(2). Cambridge University Press: 317–349.
2144:
2130:
1916:
1904:
1888:
1876:
1860:
1848:
1831:
1819:
1803:
1791:
1775:
1763:
1747:
1735:
1719:
1707:
1691:
1680:
1149:
36:
4605:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2446:. Harvard University Press. p. 101.
2364:
428:The former Bahmani provincial capital of
4654:
4640:
4581:
4567:
4271:
4213:
4157:The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
3898:
3857:
3833:
3821:
3809:
3785:
3773:
3706:
3667:
3643:
3607:
3556:
3544:
3532:
3508:
3349:
3251:
3200:
3152:
3140:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2914:
2885:
2765:
2701:Studies in Indology and Medieval History
2685:
2649:
2629:. Pearson Education India. p. 174.
2622:
2567:
2529:
2466:
1926:
1665:
1265:
1032:
892:
811:
711:
547:, Yusuf was a son of the Ottoman Sultan
514:
16:Indian kingdom in the Deccan (1490–1686)
4665:
4540:
4463:
4338:
4283:
4252:
4201:
4056:
4002:
3682:
3631:
3520:
3278:
2897:
2873:
2777:
2573:
2422:The Peacock Throne by Waldemar Hansen.
1982:Political history of medieval Karnataka
1106:, however, was built under the rule of
820:, showing the nine Bijapur sultans and
4717:
4446:India in the Persianate Age, 1000–1765
4345:History of Medieval India 800–1700 A.D
4111:
3580:
3395:
3393:
3391:
2346:
1188:painting and culture, and was usually
559:Founding and consolidation (1490–1580)
4519:
4484:
4442:
4415:
4386:
4362:
4225:
4029:
3990:
3845:
3797:
3742:
3730:
3718:
3655:
3619:
3496:
3484:
3469:
3452:
3440:
3382:
3314:
3302:
3290:
3215:
3188:
3176:
3125:
3101:
3077:
2956:
2941:
2929:
2861:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2813:
2726:
2714:
2661:
2583:Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee (2011).
2502:
2410:
2385:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History
2180:
2178:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1446:
1428:
1426:
1410:
1395:
1393:
1382:
1364:
1362:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1224:. Another employed by the sultan was
1048:The architecture of the Sultanate of
4584:"Eighty Years of Dakani Scholarship"
4505:
4232:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 383.
4150:
4118:Journal of the Royal Society of Arts
4060:Turkish History and Culture in India
3263:
3239:
3227:
3164:
3113:
3089:
2801:
2789:
2704:. Joshi & Lokhande. p. 176.
2673:
2539:Historic Cities of the Islamic World
2478:
2311:
2238:The "Westerners", alternatively the
535:. Other historians mentioned him of
3881:
3388:
2382:
2376:
125:
13:
4690:
4449:. University of California Press.
4114:"Indian Paintings from the Deccan"
2472:
2302:, Part II, (Har-Anand, 2009), 210.
2193:Written only, for local government
2175:
14:
4761:
4702:
4512:Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2
4308:
2968:
2536:Clifford Edmund Bosworth (2007).
1249:
4672:Bidar, Its History and Monuments
4277:
4246:
4219:
4144:
4105:
4050:
3875:
3587:. Association Press (Y.M.C.A.).
2275:A Historical atlas of South Asia
2272:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1965:
1130:facilitated the creation of the
1012:Deccan sultanates § Bijapur
836:Ali I had no son, so his nephew
390:in 1565. Later campaigns in the
280:
266:
252:
227:
109:(1490–1504, 1534–58, after 1582)
4661:. Government of Andhra Pradesh.
4369:The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700
3581:Bailey, Thomas Grahame (1932).
3574:
3410:
3320:
2962:
2720:
2691:
2616:
2603:
2232:
2216:
2196:
2163:Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts
1925:
1016:
699:of Golconda, Vijayanagara, and
475:
464:
453:
438:
404:
4655:Sherwani, Haroon Khan (1973).
4491:. Cambridge University Press.
4470:. Edinburgh University Press.
4393:. Cambridge University Press.
4372:. Princeton University Press.
2623:Farooqui, Salma Ahmed (2011).
2416:
2340:
2305:
2292:
2265:
2187:
398:, notably during the reign of
359:The founder of the Sultanate,
1:
4515:. Cambridge University Press.
4284:Overton, Keelan, ed. (2020).
4253:Hambley, Gavin R. G. (1999).
4100:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
4045:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
4018:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3979:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3967:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3955:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3940:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3928:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3916:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3870:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3762:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3695:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3569:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3371:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
3066:Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999
2440:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012).
2387:. Primus Books. p. 119.
2253:
1651:
897:Painting by Bijapuri painter
3584:A History of Urdu Literature
2258:
2229:suzerainty over their realm.
1921:
1910:
1898:
1893:
1882:
1870:
1865:
1854:
1842:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1808:
1797:
1785:
1780:
1769:
1757:
1752:
1741:
1729:
1724:
1713:
1701:
1696:
1685:
1674:
1270:Genealogy of Yusuf Adil Shah
1041:in Bijapur, commissioned by
832:Peak and decline (1580–1686)
771:conflict with the Portuguese
527:The founder of the dynasty,
382:following the defeat of the
332:dynasty. Bijapur had been a
7:
4675:. Oxford University Press.
4582:Matthews, David J. (1993).
2206:, generally used the title
1941:
1164:The Adil Shahis partook in
933:revolt of then governor of
10:
4766:
4711:by Dr. (Mrs) Jyotsna Kamat
4588:The Annual of Urdu Studies
4443:Eaton, Richard M. (2019).
4416:Eaton, Richard M. (2009).
4332:
3333:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2611:"Turks in Karnataka" (PDF)
2485:. Routledge. p. 108.
1987:Origin of Karnataka's name
1153:
1098:built during the reign of
1026:
1020:
1009:
1005:
976:and other cities from the
734:that he may be given back
510:
421:, and to the north by the
4577:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
4526:. Yale University Press.
4229:The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar
4190:Shaheen & Shahid 2018
4069:10.1163/9789004437364_011
2366:10.1163/15685209-12341551
2326:10.1017/s0026749x98002947
1613:
1611:
1568:
1566:
1523:
1521:
1478:
1476:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1307:
1305:
1058:Indo-Islamic architecture
486:Indo-Islamic architecture
296:
206:
202:
192:
182:
178:
168:
164:
151:
138:
134:
124:
116:
93:
67:
57:
47:
35:
30:
23:
4541:Overton, Keelan (2016).
4520:Harle, James C. (1994).
4464:Fischel, Roy S. (2020).
2727:Anwar, M. Siraj (1991).
2609:Bolar, Varija R (2012).
2509:Vernon O. Egger (2016).
2168:
2079:Unification of Karnataka
1660:
1657:
1654:
994:overpowered the city of
664:Ismail was succeeded by
573:Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I
4485:Flatt, Emma J. (2019).
3888:. Taylor & Francis.
3417:Hardy, P. (1960–2005).
2479:Meri, Josef W. (2006).
2383:Sen, Sailendra (2013).
2347:Sheikh, Samira (2021).
2024:Western Chalukya Empire
1242:under the patronage of
1202:Deccani Urdu literature
1150:Painting and literature
1120:Hindu–Muslim syncretism
697:Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah
316:kingdom in the western
58:Official languages
4740:History of Maharashtra
4112:Binney, Edwin (1979).
4063:. BRILL. p. 294.
3430:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
3328:"The House of Bijapur"
2977:. Encyclopædia Iranica
2069:Nayakas of Chitradurga
1666:Independence from the
1271:
1104:Jami Masjid of Bijapur
1045:
909:
828:
724:
524:
194:• Disestablished
4642:Sherwani, Haroon Khan
4226:Shyam, adhey (2008).
3882:Roy, Kaushik (2011).
2542:. BRILL. p. 55.
1832:ابراہیم عادل شاہ دوئم
1269:
1168:painting through the
1036:
941:, whose father was a
896:
815:
715:
616:Afonso de Albuquerque
518:
445:congregational mosque
419:Sultanate of Golconda
417:, on the east by the
103:(1504–34 and 1558–82)
68:Common languages
4735:Sultanate of Bijapur
4423:Modern Asian Studies
4348:. Orient BlackSwan.
4315:Encyclopædia Iranica
4259:Encyclopædia Iranica
4151:Gray, Basil (1938).
2698:G. H. Khare (1974).
2314:Modern Asian Studies
2221:), did the title of
2049:Sultanate of Bijapur
1959:History of Karnataka
1827:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
1776:ابراہیم عادل شاہ اول
1499:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
1054:Deccani architecture
1043:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
903:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
854:, both cultural and
747:, and laid siege to
732:Hussain Nizam Shah I
449:Ibrahim Adil Shah II
447:. Their successors,
423:Ahmednagar Sultanate
310:Sultanate of Bijapur
25:Sultanate of Bijapur
3901:, pp. 462–463.
3848:, pp. 190–191.
3836:, pp. 459–460.
3824:, pp. 258–259.
3788:, pp. 459–463.
3403:India Before Europe
3266:, pp. 453–454.
3242:, pp. 452–453.
3230:, pp. 451–452.
3155:, pp. 424–426.
3143:, pp. 423–424.
3041:, pp. 418–420.
3017:, pp. 417–418.
2888:, pp. 448–449.
2864:, pp. 306–307.
2852:, pp. 304–305.
2840:, pp. 302–303.
2780:, pp. 156–157.
2212:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
2202:Yusuf and his son,
2158:Islam in South Asia
2039:Vijayanagara Empire
1771:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
1398:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
1260:Adil Shahi dynasty
1100:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
1056:, was a variant of
988:Maratha Confederacy
881:to the independent
689:Burhan Nizam Shah I
680:Ibrahim Adil Shah I
505:Maratha Confederacy
276:Maratha Confederacy
184:• Established
4309:Eaton, Richard M.
3254:, p. 333–334.
2029:Southern Kalachuri
2019:Rashtrakuta Empire
1912:Sikandar Adil Shah
1856:Mohammed Adil Shah
1634:Sikandar Adil Shah
1544:Mohammed Adil Shah
1272:
1220:, a collection of
1128:Mohammed Adil Shah
1046:
984:Sikandar Adil Shah
968:was captured in a
913:Muhammad Adil Shah
910:
829:
818:Sikandar Adil Shah
762:Battle of Talikota
725:
525:
460:Mohammed Adil Shah
400:Mohammed Adil Shah
388:Battle of Talikota
336:(province) of the
158:Sikandar Adil Shah
4750:Deccan sultanates
4745:Former sultanates
4574:The Mughul Empire
4400:978-0-521-71627-7
4364:Eaton, Richard M.
4255:"FEREŠTA,TĀRĪḴ-E"
4216:, pp. 92–93.
4124:(5280): 784–804.
4078:978-90-04-43736-4
4047:, pp. 92–93.
4032:, pp. 94–95.
3930:, pp. 86–87.
3872:, pp. 14–16.
3594:978-81-7000-080-8
3385:, pp. 70–71.
3191:, pp. 98–99.
3128:, pp. 97–98.
3104:, pp. 96–97.
2975:iranicaonline.org
2969:Baqir, Muhammad.
2636:978-81-317-3202-1
2492:978-0-415-96691-7
2453:978-0-674-06736-3
2428:978-81-208-0225-4
2394:978-9-38060-734-4
2154:
2153:
2064:Nayakas of Keladi
2054:Kingdom of Mysore
2044:Bahmani Sultanate
1939:
1938:
1919:
1907:
1891:
1889:علی عادل شاہ دوئم
1879:
1863:
1851:
1834:
1822:
1806:
1794:
1778:
1766:
1750:
1738:
1722:
1710:
1694:
1683:
1668:Bahmani Sultanate
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1230:Tarikh-i Firishta
1186:Persian miniature
1052:, as a subset of
745:Ibrahim Qutb Shah
649:Aladdin Imad Shah
637:Battle of Raichur
612:Portuguese Empire
565:Muhammad Shah III
521:Deccan sultanates
352:it in 1686 under
342:Deccan sultanates
338:Bahmani Sultanate
306:
305:
292:
291:
288:
287:
240:
239:
235:Bahmani Sultanate
153:• 1672–1686
140:• 1490–1510
4757:
4686:
4662:
4651:
4637:
4616:
4595:
4578:
4564:
4537:
4516:
4502:
4481:
4460:
4439:
4412:
4383:
4359:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3473:
3467:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3422:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3353:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2918:
2912:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2620:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2580:
2571:
2565:
2554:
2553:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2437:
2431:
2420:
2414:
2413:, p. xxiii.
2408:
2399:
2398:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2309:
2303:
2298:Satish Chandra,
2296:
2290:
2289:
2269:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2220:
2219: 1534–1558
2218:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2146:
2139:
2132:
1969:
1946:
1945:
1918:
1915:
1906:
1903:
1890:
1887:
1884:Ali Adil Shah II
1878:
1875:
1862:
1859:
1850:
1847:
1833:
1830:
1821:
1818:
1805:
1804:علی عادل شاہ اول
1802:
1793:
1790:
1777:
1774:
1765:
1762:
1749:
1746:
1737:
1734:
1721:
1720:اسماعیل عادل شاہ
1718:
1715:Ismail Adil Shah
1709:
1706:
1693:
1690:
1682:
1679:
1652:
1589:Ali Adil Shah II
1328:Ismail Adil Shah
1274:
1273:
1257:
1256:
1244:Ali Adil Shah II
1198:Deccani language
1174:Deccani painting
1160:Deccani language
1140:Ali Adil Shah II
1000:siege of Bijapur
950:Ali Adil Shah II
788:Richard M. Eaton
778:and much of the
693:Ali Barid Shah I
608:Ismail Adil Shah
479:
478: 1656–1672
477:
471:Ali Adil Shah II
468:
467: 1627–1656
466:
457:
456: 1579–1627
455:
442:
441: 1558–1579
440:
408:
407: 1627–1656
406:
284:
283:
270:
269:
262:Portuguese India
256:
255:
244:
243:
231:
230:
224:
223:
208:
207:
40:
21:
20:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4715:
4714:
4705:
4700:
4693:
4691:Further reading
4683:
4667:Yazdani, Ghulam
4634:
4613:
4534:
4499:
4478:
4457:
4401:
4380:
4356:
4340:Chandra, Satish
4335:
4330:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4251:
4247:
4240:
4224:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4200:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4149:
4145:
4110:
4106:
4098:
4094:
4079:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4016:
4009:
4001:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3946:
3938:
3934:
3926:
3922:
3918:, pp. 1–2.
3914:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3880:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3844:
3840:
3832:
3828:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3780:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3681:
3674:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3595:
3579:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3555:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3476:
3468:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3420:"ʿĀdil-S̲h̲āhs"
3415:
3411:
3398:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3369:
3356:
3348:
3341:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3277:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3250:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3222:
3214:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3013:
3009:
3001:
2994:
2980:
2978:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2621:
2617:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2557:
2550:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2438:
2434:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2381:
2377:
2345:
2341:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2237:
2233:
2227:Safavid Persian
2215:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2171:
2150:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2059:Hyderabad State
2034:Hoysala Kingdom
2014:Chalukya Empire
2000:
1992:
1991:
1977:
1944:
1917:سکندر عادل شاہ
1914:
1908:
1902:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1801:
1799:Ali Adil Shah I
1795:
1789:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1745:
1743:Mallu Adil Shah
1739:
1733:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1689:
1687:Yusuf Adil Shah
1678:
1639:
1637:
1594:
1592:
1549:
1547:
1504:
1502:
1454:
1452:
1449:Ali Adil Shah I
1403:
1401:
1390:
1388:
1385:Mallu Adil Shah
1333:
1331:
1288:
1286:
1283:Yusuf Adil Shah
1252:
1239:Gulshan-i 'Ishq
1214:Muhammad Zuhuri
1162:
1156:Deccan painting
1154:Main articles:
1152:
1080:Yusuf Adil Shah
1031:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1008:
834:
826:Safavid dynasty
728:Ali Adil Shah I
722:Ali Adil Shah I
701:Darya Imad Shah
666:Mallu Adil Shah
606:, when his son
596:Krishnadevaraya
561:
529:Yusuf Adil Shah
513:
497:Bidar Sultanate
474:
463:
452:
437:
434:Ali Adil Shah I
403:
361:Yusuf Adil Shah
324:, ruled by the
281:
267:
253:
228:
195:
185:
154:
145:Yusuf Adil Shah
141:
112:
89:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4763:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4713:
4712:
4704:
4703:External links
4701:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4681:
4663:
4652:
4638:
4632:
4617:
4611:
4596:
4579:
4569:Majumdar, R.C.
4565:
4538:
4532:
4517:
4507:Haig, Wolseley
4503:
4497:
4482:
4476:
4461:
4455:
4440:
4413:
4399:
4384:
4378:
4360:
4354:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4301:
4294:
4276:
4264:
4245:
4239:978-8120826519
4238:
4218:
4206:
4194:
4192:, p. 100.
4182:
4163:(425): 74–77.
4143:
4104:
4092:
4077:
4049:
4034:
4022:
4007:
3995:
3993:, p. 434.
3983:
3971:
3959:
3944:
3932:
3920:
3903:
3891:
3874:
3862:
3860:, p. 461.
3850:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3812:, p. 459.
3802:
3800:, p. 181.
3790:
3778:
3776:, p. 252.
3766:
3747:
3745:, p. 190.
3735:
3733:, p. 177.
3723:
3721:, p. 179.
3711:
3709:, p. 457.
3699:
3687:
3672:
3670:, p. 456.
3660:
3658:, p. 120.
3648:
3646:, p. 458.
3636:
3634:, p. 259.
3624:
3612:
3610:, p. 468.
3600:
3593:
3573:
3561:
3559:, p. 455.
3549:
3547:, p. 435.
3537:
3535:, p. 434.
3525:
3523:, p. 264.
3513:
3511:, p. 454.
3501:
3489:
3474:
3457:
3445:
3433:
3409:
3387:
3375:
3354:
3352:, p. 337.
3339:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3232:
3220:
3205:
3203:, p. 246.
3193:
3181:
3169:
3167:, p. 449.
3157:
3145:
3130:
3118:
3116:, p. 445.
3106:
3094:
3092:, p. 444.
3082:
3080:, p. 152.
3070:
3068:, p. 161.
3055:
3053:, p. 420.
3043:
3031:
3029:, p. 419.
3019:
3007:
3005:, p. 450.
2992:
2961:
2946:
2934:
2932:, p. 140.
2919:
2917:, p. 449.
2902:
2890:
2878:
2866:
2854:
2842:
2830:
2828:, p. 289.
2818:
2816:, p. 299.
2806:
2804:, p. 430.
2794:
2792:, p. 434.
2782:
2770:
2768:, p. 447.
2758:
2719:
2707:
2690:
2688:, p. 446.
2678:
2676:, p. 429.
2666:
2664:, p. 151.
2654:
2652:, p. 342.
2642:
2635:
2615:
2602:
2595:
2572:
2570:, p. 291.
2555:
2549:978-9004153882
2548:
2528:
2521:
2501:
2491:
2471:
2469:, p. 445.
2459:
2452:
2432:
2415:
2400:
2393:
2375:
2339:
2304:
2291:
2284:
2263:
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2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2074:Haleri Kingdom
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1881:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:محمد عادل شاہ
1853:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1824:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1796:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1740:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1684:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:Personal Name
1656:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:
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1392:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1279:
1277:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1250:List of rulers
1248:
1206:Kitab-e-Navras
1151:
1148:
1102:. The primary
1086:commemorating
1021:Main article:
1018:
1015:
1007:
1004:
980:from 1659–63.
958:captured Bidar
833:
830:
716:Page from the
560:
557:
519:India and the
512:
509:
386:empire at the
304:
303:
298:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
278:
272:
271:
264:
258:
257:
250:
241:
238:
237:
232:
220:
219:
214:
204:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
169:Historical era
166:
165:
162:
161:
155:
152:
149:
148:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
111:
110:
104:
97:
95:
91:
90:
88:
87:
82:
77:
71:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4762:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4696:
4695:
4684:
4682:9788120810716
4678:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4633:9781351393997
4629:
4626:. Routledge.
4625:
4624:
4618:
4614:
4612:0-521-56321-6
4608:
4604:
4603:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4533:9780300062175
4529:
4525:
4524:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4498:9781108481939
4494:
4490:
4489:
4483:
4479:
4477:9781474436090
4473:
4469:
4468:
4462:
4458:
4456:9780520325128
4452:
4448:
4447:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4381:
4379:9781400868155
4375:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4355:9788125032267
4351:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4297:
4295:9780253048943
4291:
4287:
4280:
4274:, p. 92.
4273:
4272:Matthews 1993
4268:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4222:
4215:
4214:Matthews 1993
4210:
4204:, p. 74.
4203:
4198:
4191:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4108:
4102:, p. 96.
4101:
4096:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4053:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4031:
4026:
4020:, p. 90.
4019:
4014:
4012:
4005:, p. 91.
4004:
3999:
3992:
3987:
3981:, p. 88.
3980:
3975:
3969:, p. 86.
3968:
3963:
3957:, p. 87.
3956:
3951:
3949:
3942:, p. 91.
3941:
3936:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3900:
3899:Majumdar 1974
3895:
3887:
3886:
3878:
3871:
3866:
3859:
3858:Majumdar 1974
3854:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3834:Majumdar 1974
3830:
3823:
3822:Majumdar 1974
3818:
3811:
3810:Majumdar 1974
3806:
3799:
3794:
3787:
3786:Majumdar 1974
3782:
3775:
3774:Majumdar 1974
3770:
3764:, p. 16.
3763:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3727:
3720:
3715:
3708:
3707:Majumdar 1974
3703:
3697:, p. 15.
3696:
3691:
3685:, p. 70.
3684:
3679:
3677:
3669:
3668:Majumdar 1974
3664:
3657:
3652:
3645:
3644:Majumdar 1974
3640:
3633:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3609:
3608:Majumdar 1974
3604:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3577:
3571:, p. 42.
3570:
3565:
3558:
3557:Majumdar 1974
3553:
3546:
3545:Majumdar 1974
3541:
3534:
3533:Majumdar 1974
3529:
3522:
3517:
3510:
3509:Majumdar 1974
3505:
3499:, p. 90.
3498:
3493:
3487:, p. 89.
3486:
3481:
3479:
3472:, p. 98.
3471:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3455:, p. 71.
3454:
3449:
3443:, p. 63.
3442:
3437:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3379:
3373:, p. 14.
3372:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3351:
3350:Sherwani 1973
3346:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3317:, p. 88.
3316:
3311:
3305:, p. 84.
3304:
3299:
3293:, p. 68.
3292:
3287:
3281:, p. 69.
3280:
3275:
3273:
3265:
3260:
3253:
3252:Sherwani 1973
3248:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3218:, p. 86.
3217:
3212:
3210:
3202:
3201:Majumdar 1974
3197:
3190:
3185:
3179:, p. 97.
3178:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3153:Majumdar 1974
3149:
3142:
3141:Majumdar 1974
3137:
3135:
3127:
3122:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3052:
3051:Majumdar 1974
3047:
3040:
3039:Majumdar 1974
3035:
3028:
3027:Majumdar 1974
3023:
3016:
3015:Majumdar 1974
3011:
3004:
3003:Majumdar 1974
2999:
2997:
2989:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2959:, p. 91.
2958:
2953:
2951:
2944:, p. 61.
2943:
2938:
2931:
2926:
2924:
2916:
2915:Majumdar 1974
2911:
2909:
2907:
2900:, p. 13.
2899:
2894:
2887:
2886:Majumdar 1974
2882:
2876:, p. 12.
2875:
2870:
2863:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2779:
2774:
2767:
2766:Majumdar 1974
2762:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2717:, p. 88.
2716:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2687:
2686:Majumdar 1974
2682:
2675:
2670:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2650:Sherwani 1946
2646:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2612:
2606:
2598:
2596:9780295800240
2592:
2588:
2587:
2579:
2577:
2569:
2568:Sherwani 1973
2564:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2522:9781315511078
2518:
2515:. Routledge.
2514:
2513:
2505:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2475:
2468:
2467:Majumdar 1974
2463:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2228:
2224:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2142:
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2135:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2125:
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2116:
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2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2087:
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2077:
2075:
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2070:
2067:
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2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1934:
1933:Mughal Empire
1930:
1927:Conquered by
1913:
1901:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1816:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1700:
1692:یوسف عادل شاہ
1688:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1655:Titular Name
1653:
1643:
1636:
1635:
1622:
1620:
1600:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1577:
1575:
1555:
1553:
1546:
1545:
1532:
1530:
1510:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1487:
1485:
1465:
1463:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1330:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:poet laureate
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:Ibrahim Rauza
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1039:Ibrahim Rauza
1035:
1030:
1024:
1013:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
979:
975:
971:
970:confrontation
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
944:
940:
936:
931:
930:Bay of Bengal
927:
923:
919:
914:
908:
905:venerating a
904:
900:
895:
891:
889:
888:Ibrahim Rauza
884:
880:
875:
871:
866:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
839:
827:
823:
819:
814:
810:
808:
807:
802:
798:
794:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
767:
766:Hermann Goetz
763:
759:
755:
750:
746:
742:
737:
733:
729:
723:
719:
718:Nujum-ul-Ulum
714:
710:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
677:
675:
671:
667:
662:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Qasim Barid I
574:
570:
566:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
522:
517:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
472:
461:
450:
446:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
374:and Northern
373:
368:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
346:Mughal Empire
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
302:
299:
297:Today part of
295:
279:
277:
274:
273:
265:
263:
260:
259:
251:
249:
248:Mughal Empire
246:
245:
242:
236:
233:
226:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
213:
210:
209:
205:
201:
197:
191:
187:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
150:
146:
143:
137:
133:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
96:
92:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
39:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4671:
4657:
4646:
4622:
4601:
4591:
4587:
4573:
4552:
4546:
4522:
4511:
4487:
4466:
4445:
4427:
4421:
4389:
4368:
4344:
4318:. Retrieved
4314:
4311:"ʿĀDELŠĀHĪS"
4304:
4279:
4267:
4258:
4248:
4228:
4221:
4209:
4202:Fischel 2020
4197:
4185:
4160:
4156:
4146:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4095:
4059:
4052:
4025:
4003:Overton 2016
3998:
3986:
3974:
3962:
3935:
3923:
3894:
3884:
3877:
3865:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3738:
3726:
3714:
3702:
3690:
3683:Fischel 2020
3663:
3651:
3639:
3632:Chandra 2014
3627:
3622:, p. 9.
3615:
3603:
3583:
3576:
3564:
3552:
3540:
3528:
3521:Chandra 2014
3516:
3504:
3492:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3402:
3378:
3331:
3322:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3279:Fischel 2020
3259:
3247:
3235:
3223:
3196:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3148:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3085:
3073:
3046:
3034:
3022:
3010:
2986:
2979:. Retrieved
2974:
2964:
2937:
2898:Yazdani 1947
2893:
2881:
2874:Yazdani 1947
2869:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2778:Chandra 2014
2773:
2761:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2710:
2700:
2693:
2681:
2669:
2657:
2645:
2625:
2618:
2605:
2585:
2538:
2531:
2511:
2504:
2496:
2481:
2474:
2462:
2442:
2435:
2418:
2384:
2378:
2370:
2359:(5–6): 704.
2356:
2352:
2342:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2299:
2294:
2274:
2267:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2222:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2098:Architecture
2048:
1899:
1871:
1843:
1814:
1786:
1758:
1748:ملو عادل شاہ
1730:
1702:
1675:
1632:
1587:
1542:
1497:
1447:
1396:
1383:
1326:
1281:
1253:
1237:
1229:
1222:lyric poetry
1217:
1216:, wrote the
1205:
1195:
1163:
1090:, and added
1078:
1047:
1029:Bijapur Fort
1017:Architecture
998:through the
982:
948:
911:
883:Habshi state
835:
806:dar al-islam
804:
726:
685:Vijayanagara
678:
674:Raichur Doab
663:
645:Amir Barid I
600:Vijayanagara
593:
562:
533:Mahmud Gawan
526:
490:
427:
384:Vijayanagara
380:Raichur Doab
369:
358:
329:
325:
314:early modern
309:
307:
217:Succeeded by
216:
211:
173:Early modern
18:
2739:: 255–262.
1640:R.1672-1686
1595:R.1656-1672
1550:R.1627-1656
1505:R.1580-1627
1455:R.1558-1580
1404:R.1534-1558
1391:R.1534–1535
1334:R.1510-1534
1289:R.1490-1510
1096:Jama Masjid
926:Arabian Sea
870:Malik Ambar
822:Shah Ismail
372:Maharashtra
322:South India
212:Preceded by
107:Sunni Islam
4719:Categories
4555:: 91–154.
4030:Eaton 1978
3991:Harle 1994
3846:Eaton 1978
3798:Eaton 1978
3743:Eaton 1978
3731:Eaton 1978
3719:Eaton 1978
3656:Eaton 1978
3620:Flatt 2019
3497:Eaton 1978
3485:Eaton 1978
3470:Eaton 1978
3453:Eaton 1978
3441:Eaton 1978
3428:(12 vols.)
3383:Eaton 1978
3315:Eaton 1978
3303:Eaton 1978
3291:Eaton 1978
3216:Eaton 1978
3189:Eaton 2008
3177:Eaton 1978
3126:Eaton 2008
3102:Eaton 2008
3078:Eaton 2019
2981:8 February
2957:Eaton 2008
2942:Eaton 2008
2930:Flatt 2019
2862:Eaton 2009
2850:Eaton 2009
2838:Eaton 2009
2826:Eaton 2009
2814:Eaton 2009
2715:Eaton 2008
2662:Eaton 2019
2411:Eaton 1978
2285:0226742210
2254:References
2184:After 1535
2091:Categories
1922:1672–1686
1900:Adil Khani
1894:1656–1672
1872:Adil Khani
1866:1627–1656
1844:Adil Khani
1838:1580–1627
1815:Adil Khani
1809:1558–1580
1787:Adil Khani
1781:1535–1558
1759:Adil Khani
1753:1534–1535
1731:Adil Khani
1725:1510–1534
1703:Adil Khani
1697:1490–1510
1212:, Persian
1182:Ibrahim II
1172:school of
1144:Bara Kaman
1132:Gol Gumbaz
1116:Ibrahim II
1074:tholobates
1064:, complex
1027:See also:
1010:See also:
966:Pratapgarh
962:Afzal Khan
922:Shah Jahan
918:Gol Gumbaz
907:Sufi saint
852:Syncretism
838:Ibrahim II
749:Ahmednagar
553:Aq-Quyunlu
326:Adil Shahi
117:Government
101:Shia Islam
4409:226973152
4169:0951-0788
4130:0035-9114
4087:234656650
3264:Haig 1925
3240:Haig 1925
3228:Haig 1925
3165:Haig 1925
3114:Haig 1925
3090:Haig 1925
2971:"BĪJĀPŪR"
2802:Haig 1925
2790:Haig 1925
2745:2249-1937
2674:Haig 1925
2430:. p. 468.
2334:146630389
2259:Citations
2223:Adil Shah
2208:Adil Khan
2115:Societies
2110:Economies
1935:in 1686.
1929:Aurangzeb
1905:عادل خانی
1877:عادل خانی
1849:عادل خانی
1820:عادل خانی
1792:عادل خانی
1764:عادل خانی
1736:عادل خانی
1708:عادل خانی
1166:miniature
992:Aurangzeb
954:Aurangzeb
874:Nauraspur
865:Burhan II
856:religious
758:Bagalkote
741:Rama Raya
670:Asad Khan
624:conquered
614:, led by
604:Koilkonda
376:Karnataka
354:Aurangzeb
350:conquered
330:Adilshahi
94:Religion
31:1490–1686
4669:(1947).
4644:(1946).
4561:26551683
4548:Muqarnas
4509:(1925).
4436:20488080
4366:(1978).
4342:(2014).
4138:41373866
2753:44142611
2005:Kadambas
1999:Polities
1951:a series
1949:Part of
1942:See also
1226:Firishta
1218:Saqinama
1136:recesses
1092:minarets
1084:Gulbarga
901:showing
899:Ali Riza
801:Safavids
797:Ottomans
784:Karnatak
780:Carnatic
585:Gulbarga
581:Golconda
549:Murad II
545:Firishta
493:Talikota
396:Carnatic
392:Karnatak
348:, which
120:Monarchy
4333:Sources
2240:gharibs
1931:of the
1670:(1490)
1460:Tahmasp
1234:Nusrati
1190:baroque
1170:Bijapur
1070:friezes
1066:turrets
1062:dargahs
1050:Bijapur
1006:Culture
996:Bijapur
978:Nayakas
974:Tanjore
943:Maratha
939:Shivaji
928:to the
879:Janjira
824:of the
793:Mughals
736:Solapur
706:Solapur
641:Raichur
633:Raichur
589:Indapur
569:Bijapur
541:Turkmen
537:Persian
511:History
501:Shivaji
482:Deccani
430:Bijapur
411:Tanjore
365:Bijapur
312:was an
147:(first)
85:Marathi
80:Kannada
75:Deccani
62:Persian
52:Bijapur
48:Capital
4679:
4630:
4609:
4559:
4530:
4495:
4474:
4453:
4434:
4407:
4397:
4376:
4352:
4320:3 July
4292:
4236:
4177:867457
4175:
4167:
4136:
4128:
4085:
4075:
3591:
2751:
2743:
2633:
2593:
2546:
2519:
2489:
2450:
2426:
2391:
2332:
2282:
2244:afaqis
2204:Ismail
2009:Gangas
1976:Topics
1953:on the
1661:Reign
1142:, the
956:, who
860:Jesuit
848:Sufism
843:Habshi
799:, and
754:Yadgir
658:Mudgal
469:) and
318:Deccan
160:(last)
130:
126:Sultan
4557:JSTOR
4432:JSTOR
4173:JSTOR
4134:JSTOR
4083:S2CID
2749:JSTOR
2330:S2CID
2169:Notes
2103:Forts
1178:Ali I
1112:Eaton
1108:Ali I
1088:Sufis
776:Adoni
653:Berar
629:Bidar
334:taraf
301:India
4677:ISBN
4628:ISBN
4607:ISBN
4528:ISBN
4493:ISBN
4472:ISBN
4451:ISBN
4405:OCLC
4395:ISBN
4374:ISBN
4350:ISBN
4322:2024
4290:ISBN
4234:ISBN
4165:ISSN
4126:ISSN
4073:ISBN
3589:ISBN
2983:2017
2741:ISSN
2631:ISBN
2591:ISBN
2544:ISBN
2517:ISBN
2487:ISBN
2448:ISBN
2424:ISBN
2389:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2007:and
1681:أمیر
1676:Amir
1638:(9)
1593:(8)
1548:(7)
1503:(6)
1453:(5)
1402:(4)
1389:(3)
1332:(2)
1287:(1)
1158:and
1037:The
935:Pune
756:and
622:and
484:and
394:and
320:and
308:The
198:1686
188:1490
4122:127
4065:doi
2361:doi
2322:doi
2242:or
1072:of
651:of
620:Goa
602:at
598:of
591:.
579:of
555:.
539:or
458:),
415:Goa
328:or
4721::
4590:.
4586:.
4553:33
4551:.
4545:.
4428:43
4426:.
4420:.
4403:.
4313:.
4257:.
4171:.
4161:73
4159:.
4155:.
4132:.
4120:.
4116:.
4081:.
4071:.
4037:^
4010:^
3947:^
3906:^
3750:^
3675:^
3477:^
3460:^
3423:.
3390:^
3357:^
3342:^
3330:.
3271:^
3208:^
3133:^
3058:^
2995:^
2985:.
2973:.
2949:^
2922:^
2905:^
2747:.
2737:52
2735:.
2731:.
2575:^
2558:^
2495:.
2403:^
2369:.
2357:64
2355:.
2351:.
2328:.
2318:32
2316:.
2217:r.
2177:^
1076:.
937:,
890:.
809:.
795:,
488:.
476:r.
465:r.
454:r.
439:r.
425:.
405:r.
356:.
4685:.
4636:.
4615:.
4594:.
4592:9
4563:.
4536:.
4501:.
4480:.
4459:.
4438:.
4411:.
4382:.
4358:.
4324:.
4298:.
4261:.
4242:.
4179:.
4140:.
4089:.
4067::
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