Sumatran rhinoceros

127: 1694:, is the most song-like vocalization and the second-most common. The whale varies in pitch and lasts from four to seven seconds. The whistle-blow is named because it consists of a two-second-long whistling noise and a burst of air in immediate succession. The whistle-blow is the loudest of the vocalizations, loud enough to make the iron bars in the zoo enclosure where the rhinos were studied vibrate. The purpose of the vocalizations is unknown, though they are theorized to convey danger, sexual readiness, and location, as do other ungulate vocalizations. The whistle-blow could be heard at a great distance, even in the dense brush in which the Sumatran rhino lives. A vocalization of similar volume from 420:. It is the smallest rhinoceros, although it is still a large mammal; it stands 112–145 cm (44–57 in) high at the shoulder, with a head-and-body length of 2.36–3.18 m (7 ft 9 in – 10 ft 5 in) and a tail of 35–70 cm (14–28 in). The weight is reported to range from 500–1,000 kg (1,100–2,200 lb), averaging 700–800 kg (1,540–1,760 lb). Like both African species, it has two horns; the larger is the nasal horn, typically 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in), while the other horn is typically a stub. A coat of reddish-brown hair covers most of the Sumatran rhino's body. 1257: 2108:

especially campfires, and then attacking the camp. There was also a Burmese belief that the best time to hunt was every July, when the Sumatran rhinos would congregate beneath the full moon. In Malaya, it was said that the Sumatran rhino's horns was hollow and could be used as a sort of hose for breathing air and squirting water. In Malaya and Sumatra, it was once believed that the rhino shed its horns every year and buried them under the ground. In Borneo, the rhino was said to have a strange carnivorous practice: after defecating in a stream, it would turn around and eat fish that had been stupefied by the excrement.

1290:. Hair can range from dense (the most dense hair in young calves) to scarce, and is usually a reddish brown. In the wild, this hair is hard to observe because the rhinos are often covered in mud. In captivity, however, the hair grows out and becomes much shaggier, likely because of less abrasion from walking through vegetation. The rhino has a patch of long hair around its ears and a thick clump of hair at the end of its tail. Like all rhinos, they have very poor vision. The Sumatran rhinoceros is fast and agile; it climbs mountains easily and comfortably traverses steep slopes and riverbanks. 1299: 1489:, eye problems, inflamed nails, and hair loss, and have eventually died. One 20-month study of wallowing behavior found they will visit no more than three wallows at any given time. After two to 12 weeks using a particular wallow, the rhino will abandon it. Typically, the rhino will wallow around midday for two to three hours at a time before venturing out for food. Although in zoos the Sumatran rhino has been observed wallowing less than 45 minutes a day, the study of wild animals found 80–300 minutes (an average of 166 minutes) per day spent in wallows. 1780: 944:. Human induced habitat change and hunting may have played a role in the Late Pleistocene. The study was later criticised for not including DNA from extinct mainland populations, which would have provided a holistic account. A Bayesian skyline plot of complete Mitochondrial genomes from multiple individuals from across the range of the species suggested that the population had been relatively stable with an effective population size of 40,000 individuals over the last 400,000 years, with a sharp decline starting around 25,000 years ago. 500: 1708: 1636:

100 food species consumed by the Sumatran rhinoceros. The largest portion of the diet is tree saplings with a trunk diameter of 1–6 cm (0.39–2.36 in). The rhinoceros typically pushes these saplings over with its body, walking over the sapling without stepping on it, to eat the leaves. Many of the plant species the rhino consumes exist in only small portions, which indicates the rhino is frequently changing its diet and feeding in different locations. Among the most common plants the rhino eats are many species from the

1428:, several fresh rhino foot trails, mud holes, traces of rhino-rubbed trees, traces of rhino horns on the walls of mud holes, and rhino bites on small branches. The team also identified that rhinos ate more than 30 species of plants. On 2 October 2013, video images made with camera traps showing the Sumatran rhino in Kutai Barat, Kalimantan, were released by the World Wildlife Fund. Experts assume the videos show two different animals, but aren't quite certain. According to the Indonesia's Minister of Forestry, 1249: 1373: 1579: 193: 2072: 2028:

resources for conservation efforts in Sumatra but, moreover, to have established a small captive breeding group. Opponents of the captive breeding program argue that the losses are too great; the program is too expensive; removing rhinos from their habitat, even temporarily, alters their ecological role; and captive populations cannot match the rate of recovery seen in well-protected native habitats. In October 2015, Harapan, the last rhino in the Western Hemisphere, left the

789: 359: 5914: 1570: 5964: 151: 1923: 1493: 1599: 5952: 2040: 1850: 1446: 932:(PSMC) analysis of a complete nuclear genome of a Sumatran specimen suggested strong fluctuations in population size, with a general trend of decline over the course of the Middle to Late Pleistocene with an estimated peak effective population size of 57,800 individuals 950,000 years ago, declining to around 500–1,300 individuals at the start of the Holocene, with a slight rebound during the 1590: 5940: 1975: 1731:. Young Sumatran rhino bulls are often too aggressive with cows, sometimes injuring and even killing them during the courtship. In the wild, the cow could run away from an overly aggressive bull, but in their smaller captive enclosures, they cannot; this inability to escape aggressive bulls may partly contribute to the low success rate of captive-breeding programs. 744:, who worked extensively with Bornean zoology and anthropology in the 1960s. The Bornean subspecies is markedly smaller in body size than the other two subspecies. The captive population consisted of one bull and two cows at the Borneo Rhinoceros Sanctuary in Sabah; the bull died in 2019 and the cows died in 2017 and 2019 respectively. 2063:

forest. On 31 October 2023, conservationists in Indonesia said they have extracted eggs from Pahu, who were too old and small to breed with the Sumatran subspecies, the eggs are currently planned to be fertilized with sperms from captive male Sumatran rhino before implanted in female Sumatran rhino in SRS Way Kambas.

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periods, a lengthy rut may be the natural behavior. Though researchers observed successful conceptions, all these pregnancies ended in failure for a variety of reasons until the first successful captive birth in 2001; studies of these failures at the Cincinnati Zoo discovered the Sumatran rhino's ovulation is

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In Indonesia, meanwhile, a seventh rhino increased the group at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, in Way Kambas NP. A female was born on 12 May 2016, named Delilah. Another female, daughter of Andatu and Rosa, was born on 24 March 2022, named Sedah Mirah. A female was born on 30 September 2023, the third

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Most feeding occurs just before nightfall and in the morning. The Sumatran rhino is a folivore, with a diet of young saplings, leaves, twigs, and shoots. The rhinos usually consume up to 50 kg (110 lb) of food a day. Primarily by measuring dung samples, researchers have identified more than

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along the length of Sumatra, for rhinos in eastern Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia are more closely related than the rhinos on the other side of the mountains in western Sumatra. In fact, the eastern Sumatra and Malaysia rhinos show so little genetic variance, the populations were likely not separate

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In Indonesian East Kalimantan, only one old (estimated to be 35 to 40 years old) female named Pahu lives in Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary (SRS) Kelian, West Kutai after being captured in 2018, another identified is Pari, a female who lives in the wild in Sungai Ratah-Sungai Nyuatan-Sungai Lawa protected

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literary word for Sumatra) in September 2001. Andalas's birth was the first successful captive birth of a Sumatran rhino in 112 years. A female calf, named "Suci" (Indonesian for "pure"), followed on 30 July 2004. On 29 April 2007, Emi gave birth a third time, to her second male calf, named Harapan

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species, it has two horns. The larger is the nasal horn, typically only 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in), though the longest recorded specimen was much longer at 81 cm (32 in). The posterior horn is much smaller, usually less than 10 cm (3.9 in) long, and often little more than a

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A mature Sumatran rhino stands about 112–145 cm (3.67–4.76 ft) high at the shoulder, has a body length of around 236–318 cm (7.74–10.43 ft), and weighs 500–800 kg (1,100–1,760 lb), though the largest individuals in zoos have been known to weigh as much as 2,000 kg

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Aside from those few individuals kept in zoos and pictured in books, the Sumatran rhinoceros has remained little known, overshadowed by the more common Indian, black and white rhinos. Recently, however, video footage of the Sumatran rhinoceros in its native habitat and in breeding centers has been

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has been used to justify new logging. Although the hardwoods in the rainforests of the Sumatran rhino are destined for international markets and not widely used in domestic construction, the number of logging permits for these woods has increased dramatically because of the tsunami. However, while

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of Sumatran rhinos is a cause for concern, due to the high market price of its horns. This species has been overhunted for many centuries, leading to the current greatly reduced and still declining population. The rhinos are difficult to observe and hunt directly (one field researcher spent seven

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The Indonesian ministry of Environment, began an official counting of the Sumatran rhino in February 2019, planned to be completed in three years. Malaysia's last known bull and cow Sumatran rhinos died in May and November 2019, respectively. The species is now considered to be locally extinct in

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called the video evidence "very important" and mentioned Indonesia's "target of rhino population growth by three percent per year". On 22 March 2016 it was announced by the WWF that a live Sumatran rhino was found in Kalimantan; it was the first contact in over 40 years. The rhino, a female, was

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A number of folk tales about the Sumatran rhino were collected by colonial naturalists and hunters from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. In Burma, the belief was once widespread that the Sumatran rhino ate fire. Tales described the fire-eating rhino following smoke to its source,

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Iman, the last known Sumatran rhino in Malaysia, died in November 2019; stem cell technology is being used in an attempt to revitalize the rhino's population and reverse extinction in the country. As of 2023, there has been two births at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary at Way Kambas National Park,

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have been observed copulating for 30–50 minutes, similar in length to other rhinos; observations at the Sumatran Rhinoceros Conservation Centre in Malaysia have shown a briefer copulation cycle. As the Cincinnati Zoo has had successful pregnancies, and other rhinos also have lengthy copulatory

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Despite the recent successes in Cincinnati, the captive-breeding program has remained controversial. Proponents argue that the zoos have not only aided the conservation effort by studying the reproductive habits, raising public awareness and education about the rhinos, helping raise financial

2002:. In a final effort, the three rhinos were united in Cincinnati. After years of failed attempts, the cow from Los Angeles, Emi, became pregnant for the sixth time, with the zoo's bull Ipuh. All five of her previous pregnancies ended in failure. Reproductive physiologist at the Cincinnati Zoo, 1962:

conservation program transported 40 Sumatran rhinos from their native habitats to zoos and reserves across the world. While hopes were initially high, and much research was conducted on the captive specimens, by the late 1990s, not a single rhino had been born in the program, and most of its

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is around 15–16 months. The calf, which typically weighs 40–60 kg (88–132 lb), is weaned after about 15 months and stays with its mother for the first two to three years of its life. In the wild, the birth interval for this species is estimated to be four to five years; its natural

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through inhospitable terrain that separates ranges. In feeding areas, the rhinos will make smaller trails, still covered by vegetation, to areas containing food the rhino eats. Sumatran rhino trails have been found that cross rivers deeper than 1.5 m (4.9 ft) and about 50 m

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has been shown to carry 9.8 km (6.1 mi) and the whistle-blow may carry as far. The Sumatran rhinoceros will sometimes twist the saplings they do not eat. This twisting behavior is believed to be used as a form of communication, frequently indicating a junction in a trail.

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this species has been suggested to be highly sensitive to habitat disturbance, apparently it is of little importance compared to hunting, as it can withstand more or less any forest condition. Nevertheless, the main cause of drastic reduction of the species is likely caused by the

1481:, they move to higher elevations; in the cooler months, they return to lower areas in their range. When mud holes are unavailable, the rhino will deepen puddles with its feet and horns. The wallowing behaviour helps the rhino maintain its body temperature and protect its skin from 482:

breeding. Though a number of rhinos died once at the various destinations and no offspring were produced for nearly 20 years, the rhinos were all doomed in their soon-to-be-logged forest. In March 2016, a Sumatran rhinoceros (of the Bornean rhinoceros subspecies) was spotted in

2055:: A bull named Tam and two cows named Puntung and Iman. In June 2017, Puntung was put down due to skin cancer. Tam died on 27 May 2019 and Iman died of cancer on 23 November 2019 at the Borneo Rhino Sanctuary. The species became extinct in Malaysia, its native land in 2019. 1914:. The last time there was a Sumatran rhino in the Kalimantan area was approximately 40 years ago. This optimism was met with despair as the same rhino named Najaq was found dead several weeks after the sighting. The cause of death was infection on the wound caused by snare. 1467:

as large as 50 km (19 sq mi), whereas cows' ranges are 10–15 km (3.9–5.8 sq mi). The ranges of cows appear to be spaced apart; bulls' ranges often overlap. No evidence indicates Sumatran rhinos defend their territories through fighting.

1346:. Some conservationists hope Sumatran rhinos may still survive in Burma, though it is considered unlikely. Political turmoil in Burma has prevented any assessment or study of possible survivors. The last reports of stray animals from Indian limits were in the 1990s. 1814:

weeks in a treehide near a salt lick without ever observing a rhino directly), so poachers make use of spear traps and pit traps. In the 1970s, uses of the rhinoceros's body parts among the local people of Sumatra were documented, such as the use of rhino horns in

1803:(primarily due to illegal poaching) while the last survey in 2008 estimated that around 250 individuals survived. From the early 1990s, the population decline was estimated at more than 50% per decade, and the small, scattered populations now face high risks of 1556:(160 ft) across. The currents of these rivers are known to be strong, but the rhino is a strong swimmer. A relative absence of wallows near rivers in the range of the Sumatran rhinoceros indicates they may occasionally bathe in rivers in lieu of wallowing. 2104:, which took the video, has used it in efforts to convince local governments to turn the area into a rhino conservation zone. Monitoring has continued; 50 new cameras have been set up, and in February 2010, what appeared to be a pregnant rhino was filmed. 1967:'s Asian rhino specialist group, which once endorsed the program, declared it had failed "even maintaining the species within acceptable limits of mortality", noting that, in addition to the lack of births, 20 of the captured rhinos had died. In 2004, a 1349:

The Sumatran rhino is widely scattered across its range, much more so than the other Asian rhinos, which has made it difficult for conservationists to protect members of the species effectively. Only four areas are known to contain Sumatran rhinoceros:

1401:, when sea levels were much lower and Sumatra formed part of the mainland. Both populations of Sumatra and Malaysia, however, are close enough genetically that interbreeding would not be problematic. The rhinos of Borneo are sufficiently distinct that 1873:

are valuable on the international markets, fetching as much as $ 1,800 per m ($ 1,375 per cu yd). Enforcement of illegal-logging laws is difficult because humans live within or near many of the same forests as the rhino. The

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Two thick folds of skin encircle the body behind the front legs and before the hind legs. The rhino has a smaller fold of skin around its neck. The skin itself is thin, 10–16 mm (0.39–0.63 in), and in the wild, the rhino appears to have no

1409:. The results of initial testing found levels of variability within Sumatran rhino populations comparable to those in the population of the less endangered African rhinos, but the genetic diversity of Sumatran rhinos is an area of continuing study. 2095:

Though they were documented by droppings and tracks, pictures of the Bornean rhinoceros were first taken and widely distributed by modern conservationists in April 2006, when camera traps photographed a healthy adult in the jungles of Sabah in

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The Sumatran rhinoceros is the most vocal of the rhinoceros species. Observations of the species in zoos show the animal almost constantly vocalizing, and it is known to do so in the wild, as well. The rhino makes three distinct noises: eeps,

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knob. The larger nasal horn is also known as the anterior horn; the smaller posterior horn is known as the frontal horn. The horns are dark grey or black in color. The bulls have larger horns than the cows, though the species is not otherwise

1673:. Some Sumatran rhinos, however, live in areas where salt licks are not readily available, or the rhinos have not been observed using the licks. These rhinos may get their necessary mineral requirements by consuming plants rich in minerals. 2100:. On 24 April 2007, it was announced that cameras had captured the first-ever video footage of a wild Bornean rhino. The night-time footage showed the rhino eating, peering through jungle foliage, and sniffing the film equipment. The 1369:, Sumatra's largest, was estimated to contain a population of around 500 rhinos in the 1980s, but due to poaching, this population is now considered extinct. The survival of any animals in Peninsular Malaysia is extremely unlikely. 2019:

to take part in breeding programs with healthy females, leading to the siring and 23 June 2012 birth of male calf Andatu, the fourth captive-born calf of the era; Andalas had been mated with Ratu, a wild-born cow living in the

871:, with the split between their last common ancestors estimated to be around 9.5 million years ago. The woolly rhinoceros, so named for the coat of hair it shares with the Sumatran rhinoceros, first appeared in China; by the 451:, with an estimated total population of fewer than 80 mature individuals. The species was extirpated in Malaysia in 2019, and one of the Sumatran populations may already be extinct. In 2015, researchers announced that the 823:

Although the relationships of modern rhinoceros species to each other were long controversial, modern genetic evidence has placed the Sumatran rhinoceros as more closely related to the Asian one-horned rhinoceroses (the

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is done by scraping soil with their feet, bending saplings into distinctive patterns, and leaving excrement. The Sumatran rhino is usually most active when eating, at dawn, and just after dusk. During the day, they

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Mohamad, Aidi; Vellayan, S.; Radcliffe, Robin W.; Lowenstine, Linda J.; Epstein, Jon; Reid, Simon A.; Paglia, Donald E.; Radcliffe, Rolfe M.; Roth, Terri L.; Foose, Thomas J.; Mohamad Khan bin Momin Khan (2006).

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Despite the species' persistent lack of reproductive success, in the early 1980s, some conservation organizations began a captive-breeding program for the Sumatran rhinoceros. Between 1984 and 1996, this

1524:; in 2004, all five rhinos at the Sumatran Rhinoceros Conservation Center died over an 18-day period after becoming infected by the disease. The Sumatran rhino has no known predators other than humans. 1405:

have advised against crossing their lineages with the other populations. Conservation geneticists have recently begun to study the diversity of the gene pool within these populations by identifying

478:, in part because of a program that brought 40 Sumatran rhinos into captivity with the goal of preserving the species. There was little or no information about procedures that would assist in 4986: 370: Sumatran rhinoceros range. Note that this map was created in 2007, based on outdated sources published in 1997 and 2003. The Sumatran rhinoceros has been extinct in Malaysia since 2019. 4778: 1547:

The Sumatran rhino maintains two types of trails across its range. Main trails will be used by generations of rhinos to travel between important areas in the rhino's range, such as between

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The reproductive habits of the Sumatran rhinoceros have been studied in captivity. Sex relationships begin with a courtship period characterized by increased vocalization, tail raising,

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at Way Kambas, the youngest bull having been bred and born there in 2012. Another calf, a female, was born at the sanctuary in May 2016. The sanctuary's two bulls were born at the

1755:. In 2016, a calf was born in captivity in western Indonesia, only the fifth such birth in a breeding facility. In March 2022, and 1 October 2023, female calves were born at the 766:

in these countries. Unconfirmed reports suggest a small population may still survive in Myanmar, but the political situation in that country has prevented verification. The name

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Liu, S.; Westbury, M.V.; Dussex, N.; Mitchell, K.J.; Sinding, M.-H.S.; Heintzman, P.D.; Duchêne, D.A.; Kapp, J.D.; von Seth, J.; Heiniger, H. & Sánchez-Barreiro, F. (2021).

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Morales, J.C.; Andau, P.M.; Supriatna, J.; Zainal-Zahari, Z.; Melnick, D.J. (April 1997). "Mitochondrial DNA Variability and Conservation Genetics of the Sumatran Rhinoceros".

1727:, and increased physical contact, with both bull and cow using their snouts to bump the other in the head and genitals. The pattern of courtship is most similar to that of the 1834:

for several weeks, may be used to treat skin diseases. The extent of use and belief in these practices is not known. Rhinoceros horn was once believed to be widely used as an

1318:. It inhabits hilly areas close to water, particularly steep upper valleys with copious undergrowth. The Sumatran rhinoceros once inhabited a continuous range as far north as 4585:

van Strien, N. J. (2001). "Conservation programs for Sumatran and Javan Rhino in Indonesia and Malaysia". In Schwammer, H.N.; Foose, T.J.; Fouraker, M.; Olson, D. (eds.).

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Havmøller, R.G.; Payne, J.; Ramono, W.; Ellis, S.; Yoganand, K.; Long, B.; Dinerstein, E.; Williams, A.C.; Putra, R.H.; Gawi, J.; Talukdar, B.K. & Burgess, N. (2015).

4902: 1544:) and Sumatran rhinos are even known to share trails, and many smaller species, such as deer, boars, and wild dogs, will use the trails the rhinos and elephants create. 3770: 3789: 1944:

in 1868. The female named "Begum" survived until 1900, the record lifetime for a captive rhino. Begum was one of at least seven specimens of the extinct subspecies

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The Sumatran rhino is a mostly solitary animal except for courtship and offspring-rearing. It is the most vocal rhino species and also communicates through marking

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outbreak at the Sumatran Rhinoceros Conservation Centre killed all the captive rhinos in Peninsular Malaysia, reducing the population of captive rhinos to eight.

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may be capable of killing a calf, but calves stay close to their mothers, and the frequency of such killings is unknown. Although the rhino's range overlaps with

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itself, when the cow is receptive to the bull, lasts about 24 hours, and observations have placed its recurrence between 21 and 25 days. Sumatran rhinos in the

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Mays, H.L.; Hung, C.-M.; Shaner, P.-J.; Denvir, J.; Justice, M.; Yang, S.-F.; Roth, T.L.; Oehler, D.A.; Fan, J.; Rekulapally, S. & Primerano, D.A. (2018).

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https://wildtech.mongabay.com/2016/01/reproductive-technology-and-understanding-of-experimental-psychology-needed-to-save-a-critically-endangered-rhino/

2723: 2705: 5349: 4943: 4842: 2006:, had learned from previous failures, though, and with the aid of special hormone treatments, Emi gave birth to a healthy male calf named Andalas (an 6392: 4990: 3855: 3718: 1982:

of the last Sumatran rhinoceros in captivity by the 1970s, a female called "Subur" which died in 1972. "Subur" ironically means "fertile" in Malay.

4788: 4463: 4436: 6125: 5403: 4820: 2572: 4065:"The mega-folivorous mammals of the rainforest: feeding ecology in nature and in a controlled environment: A contribution to their conservation" 2484: 936:. This was likely due to climate change causing limiting suitable habitat for the Rhinoceros, causing severe population fluctuations as well as 5226: 3713: 5147: 3461:

Steine, C.C.; Houck, M.L. & Ryder, O.A. (2018). "Genetic variation of complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the Sumatran rhinoceros (

6190: 6164: 4534: 3564: 5374: 4674: 6382: 2709: 4725: 4410: 2809: 1756: 703: 2512: 875:, it ranged across the Eurasian continent from Korea to Spain. The woolly rhinoceros survived until its extinction near the end of the 4932: 4087: 4064: 3732:

Scott, C.; Foose, T.; Morales, J. C.; Fernando, P.; Melnick, D. J.; Boag, P. T.; Davila, J. A.; Van Coeverden de Groot, P. J. (2004).

3528: 2888: 2472: 2251: 3830: 2959:"Phylogenetic relationships of the five extant rhinoceros species (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla) based on mitochondrial cytochrome 1512:

were reported to cause deaths in captive animals in the 19th century. The rhino is also known to be vulnerable to the blood disease

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is derived from the Greek for "hairy-ears". Later studies showed that their ear hair was not longer than other Sumatran rhinos, but

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species are well known in Europe from the Late Pliocene through the Pleistocene, and China from the Pleistocene, with two species,

3298:"First Discovery of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis from Yanjinggou Provides Insights into the Pleistocene Rhinocerotidae of South China" 6309: 6138: 1665:. Salt licks are very important to the nutrition of the rhino. These licks can be small hot springs, seepages of salty water, or 728:, which was once common throughout Borneo; now only about 15 individuals are estimated to survive. The known population lives in 5394: 5033: 4910: 3697: 2865: 1686:, and whistle-blows. The eep, a short, one-second-long yelp, is the most common sound. The whale, named for its similarity to 6182: 5252: 4762: 3894: 2970: 2915: 2150: 1990:

in the United Kingdom (the other was kept in Southeast Asia), but by 1997, their numbers had dwindled to three: a cow in the

1669:. The salt licks also serve an important social purpose for the rhinos—bulls visit the licks to pick up the scent of cows in 6314: 6143: 3774: 2021: 1715:

Cows become sexually mature at the age of six to seven years, while bulls become sexually mature at about 10 years old. The

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difference is noted between the western Sumatran and Bornean rhinos. The rhinos in Peninsular Malaysia were once known as

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showed footage of a Sumatran rhino, shot by freelance Indonesian-based cameraman Alain Compost, in the 2001 documentary

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and other insects. Captive specimens, deprived of adequate wallowing, have quickly developed broken and inflamed skins,

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levels. Breeding success was finally achieved in 2001, 2004, and 2007 by providing a pregnant rhino with supplementary

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and a folk belief that the horns offer some protection against poison. Dried rhinoceros meat was used as medicine for

922:-Early Pleistocene of Myanmar. Fossils of the modern Sumatran rhinceros are known from the Early Pleistocene onwards. 857:

Based on morphological and genetic evidence, the Sumatran rhinoceros is believed to be closely related to the extinct

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in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and southwestern China, particularly in

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that were held in zoos and circuses. In 1972, Subur, the only Sumatran rhino remaining in captivity, died at the

1274:. The Sumatran rhino lives an estimated 30–45 years in the wild, while the record time in captivity is a female 2629: 511:, near the west coast of Sumatra, in 1793. Drawings of the animal, and a written description, were sent to the 3815: 6367: 4645: 3353:"Genomic analysis of demographic history and ecological niche modeling in the endangered Sumatran Rhinoceros 1857:

The rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia, which the Sumatran rhino inhabits, are also targets for legal and

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Nardelli F. 2016. Do we really want to save the Sumatran rhinoceros? (commentary). mongabay.com April 2016

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featured in several nature documentaries. Extensive footage can be found in an Asia Geographic documentary

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estimated to have occurred around 14.8 million years ago, shortly after the split between the ancestors of

754: 667: 341: 4307:"Ultrasound and endocrine evaluation of the ovarian cycle and early pregnancy in the Sumatran rhinoceros, 4305:

Roth, T. L.; O'Brien, J. K.; McRae, M. A.; Bellem, A. C.; Romo, S. J.; Kroll, J. L.; Brown, J. L. (2001).

6177: 6055: 6050: 3856:"Kelahiran Bayi Badak Sumatra Kesekian Kali, Apa yang Menopangnya? - Semua Halaman - National Geographic" 2085: 1744: 1355: 812:

around 50 million years ago. The extant family, the Rhinocerotidae, first appeared in the Late Eocene in

671: 658: 523: 331: 304: 192: 6357: 5930: 3831:"Every Sumatran rhino has died in Malaysia. Scientists want to bring them back with cloning technology" 2767: 891: 522:, who published a paper on the specimen that year. In 1814, the species was given a scientific name by 474:

into patterns, and leaving excrement. The species is much better studied than the similarly reclusive

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The Return of the Unicorns; The Natural History and Conservation of the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros

1842:

never used it for this purpose. Nevertheless, hunting in this species has primarily been driven by a

1406: 4437:"'Happy news' as endangered Sumatran rhino, the smallest and hairiest species, is born in Indonesia" 6032: 4933:

http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/index.php?s=1&act=refs&CODE=ref_detail&id=1469019235

4511: 4123: 2473:

http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/index.php?s=1&act=refs&CODE=ref_detail&id=1411778068

2353:"Rhinos in the parks: An island-wide survey of the last wild population of the Sumatran Rhinoceros" 2326: 1760: 1388:

Genetic analysis of Sumatran rhino populations has identified three distinct genetic lineages. The

1359: 937: 926: 675: 5129: 4565: 4489: 4365: 4306: 4280: 4215:"Gross Anatomy and Ultrasonographic Images of the Reproductive System of the Sumatran Rhinoceros ( 4168: 4125: 4018: 3945: 3911: 3733: 3641: 3591: 3529:"Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer), the Sumatran or two-horned rhinoceros: a study of literature" 3208: 3019:, and the Phylogenetic Relationship Among Carnivora, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla (+ Cetacea)" 2219: 2059:

child of Andalas-Ratu pair. A male calf was born on 26 November 2023, son of Delilah and Harapan.

1256: 5918: 5431: 2124: 976: 519: 6234: 6130: 5980: 1412:

Although the rhino had been thought to be extinct in Kalimantan since the 1990s, in March 2013

4587:

Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, 7–11 June 2001

3882: 3297: 1298: 6387: 6342: 6229: 6221: 5577: 5390: 4880: 4752: 1804: 1800: 1609: 1402: 1179: 440: 287: 3414:"The Sumatran rhinoceros was extirpated from mainland East Asia by hunting and habitat loss" 1260:

A diagram showing the size of small and large Sumatran rhino individuals compared to humans.

6086: 6027: 5880: 5334: 4549: 3474: 3425: 3368: 3309: 3270: 3227: 3161: 2979: 2638: 2540:"The last Sumatran rhino in Malaysia has died and there are less than 80 left in the world" 2364: 2140: 1662: 1474: 553:

considered the Sumatran rhinoceros with its two horns a distinct genus from the one-horned

6156: 4944:

US-born endangered Sumatran rhino arrives in ancestral home of Indonesia on mating mission

3734:"Optimization of novel polymorphic microsatellites in the endangered Sumatran rhinoceros ( 3037: 3014: 8: 2101: 2007: 1903: 1898:

in April 2015, with only 3 individuals left in captivity. The mainland Sumatran rhino in

1895: 1469: 1413: 933: 896: 679: 491:

that country, and only survives in Indonesia. There are fewer than 80 left in existence.

140: 5673: 4561: 4553: 3478: 3429: 3372: 3313: 3274: 3231: 3165: 2983: 2642: 2412:"Will current conservation responses save the Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinoceros 2368: 5728: 4392: 4249: 4045: 3583: 3490: 3389: 3352: 3333: 3125: 2654: 2387: 2352: 2309: 2267: 1887: 1807:. Most remaining habitat is in relatively inaccessible mountainous areas of Indonesia. 1464: 1421: 834: 720: 695: 452: 321: 187: 4388: 4191: 4088:"Intake, utilization, and composition of browses consumed by the Sumatran rhinoceros ( 4086:

Dierenfeld, E. S.; Kilbourn, A.; Karesh, W.; Bosi, E.; Andau, M.; Alsisto, S. (2006).

3887:

The rhinoceros in captivity: a list of 2439 rhinoceroses kept from Roman times to 1994

3261:

Tong, Hao-wen (2012). "Evolution of the non-Coelodonta dicerorhine lineage in China".

3086:"Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family" 2958: 1779: 533:

signifies "of Sumatra", the Indonesian island where the rhinos were first discovered.

6283: 6216: 6063: 5737: 5316: 4758: 4612: 4343: 4241: 4237: 4195: 3992: 3890: 3756: 3661: 3620: 3443: 3394: 3337: 3325: 3296:

Chen, Shaokun; Pang, Libo; Yan, Yaling; Wei, Guangbiao; Yue, Zongying (August 2021).

3243: 3189: 3129: 3117: 3042: 2995: 2779: 2650: 2392: 2351:

Pusparini, W.; Sievert, P.R.; Fuller, T.K.; Randhir, T.O. & Andayani, N. (2015).

2290: 2156: 2146: 1552: 1393: 1389: 1271: 1156: 1070: 929: 911: 872: 858: 825: 816:, and the ancestors of the extant rhino species dispersed from Asia beginning in the 805: 774:

remained a subspecies because it was significantly larger than the other subspecies.

499: 484: 31: 5108:"Sumatran rhinos are extinct in their native Malaysia after last living female dies" 4396: 4253: 3239: 2658: 2471:

Nardelli, F. 2014 The last chance for the Sumatran rhinoceros?. Pachyderm 55: 43–53

2196: 1799:. Fewer than 100 individuals are now estimated to remain. The species is classed as 1707: 6288: 6274: 6068: 5968: 5862: 5818: 5794: 5746: 5608: 5562: 4557: 4384: 4335: 4325: 4233: 4187: 4144: 4103: 4037: 3752: 3656: 3575: 3494: 3482: 3433: 3384: 3376: 3317: 3278: 3235: 3179: 3169: 3107: 3097: 3032: 2987: 2736: 2646: 2581: 2427: 2382: 2372: 2350: 2214: 2097: 1728: 1716: 1287: 1090: 1027: 1007: 950:

showing the relationships of recent and Late Pleistocene rhinoceros species (minus

829: 572: 508: 507:

The first documented Sumatran rhinoceros was shot 16 km (9.9 mi) outside

503:

First drawing of the first specimen known to Western science, by William Bell, 1793

475: 346: 5453: 5260: 4411:"Sumatran rhino birth hailed as major boost for the critically endangered species" 4124:

von Muggenthaler, Elizabeth; Paul Reinhart; Brad Limpany; R. Barton Craft (2003).

2810:"It's a Girl! Critically Endangered Sumatran Rhino Born at Sanctuary in Indonesia" 6203: 2601:

Rookmaaker, K. (2005). "First sightings of Asian rhinos". In Fulconis, R. (ed.).

2377: 2012: 1991: 1987: 1907: 1858: 1645: 1425: 906:

today only two fossil species are confidently placed in the genus. These include

783: 729: 460: 6247: 6169: 4167:

Zainal Zahari, Z.; Rosnina, Y.; Wahid, H.; Yap, K. C.; Jainudeen, M. R. (2005).

2567: 1843: 5956: 5944: 5871: 5664: 5495: 5455: 5055: 4847: 4815: 4783: 3282: 3102: 3085: 3060:

Lacombat, F. (2005). "The evolution of the rhinoceros". In Fulconis, R. (ed.).

2029: 2011:(Indonesian for "hope") or Harry. In 2007, Andalas, who had been living at the 1995: 1949: 1906:

in August 2015. In March 2016 there was a rare sighting of a Sumatran rhino in

1796: 1691: 1533: 1429: 1248: 867: 808:

comparison suggests the ancestors of modern rhinos split from the ancestors of

550: 400: 244: 5013:"Malaysia's last Sumatran rhino Iman dies, species now extinct in the country" 3916:) in a natural enclosure in Sungai Dusun Wildlife Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia" 3486: 3438: 3413: 3380: 2432: 2411: 1932:"Begum", which was shown in London Zoo from 15 February 1872 to 31 August 1900 1372: 6331: 6151: 5889: 5785: 5538: 5292: 4811:"It's a Girl! Cincinnati Zoo's Sumatran Rhino Makes History with Second Calf" 3329: 3247: 3213:

in the context of late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions in northern Eurasia"

3193: 3083: 2956: 2763: 2205: 2136: 2071: 1658: 1637: 1578: 1540:, the species do not appear to compete for food or habitat. Asian elephants ( 1537: 797: 741: 592: 534: 160: 77: 3350: 3321: 2772: 2160: 662:, which has only 75 to 85 rhinos remaining, mostly in the national parks of 6003: 5761: 5701: 5655: 5227:"Boost for Sumatran rhino IVF plan as eggs extracted from Bornean specimen" 4347: 4245: 4199: 3447: 3398: 3121: 3015:"The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of the Greater Indian Rhinoceros, 2999: 2991: 2586: 2409: 2396: 1986:

Seven of these captive rhinos were sent to the United States, and three to

1880: 1870: 1827: 1748: 1501: 1482: 1478: 1377: 1315: 876: 801: 567: 515: 432: 416: 408: 264: 4330: 3046: 788: 6208: 6112: 6042: 6012: 5511: 1835: 1831: 1687: 1521: 1486: 1398: 1303: 854:

and African rhinoceroses, which is placed around 15.6 million years ago.

424: 52: 3698:"Rhino population at Indonesian reserve drops by 90 percent in 14 years" 3184: 2271: 6301: 6104: 6078: 5710: 5568: 4049: 3957:

Proceedings of the Fourth Rhino Keepers Workshop 2005 at Columbus, Ohio

3587: 3112: 2003: 1941: 1937: 1614: 1509: 1463:

and during offspring rearing. Individuals have home ranges; bulls have

1433:

captured and transported to a nearby sanctuary to ensure her survival.

1327: 1311: 1279: 645: 512: 404: 358: 254: 97: 62: 4149: 4107: 3989:

Fischer, 1814: Ecology and behaviour conservation situation in Sumatra

3679:

Dean, Cathy; Tom Foose (2005). "Habitat loss". In Fulconis, R. (ed.).

1569: 134:

Sumatran rhinoceros at Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in Lampung, Indonesia

6117: 5418: 5398: 4339: 3909: 3174: 3149: 2685:

van Strien, N. (2005). "Sumatran rhinoceros". In Fulconis, R. (ed.).

2033: 1999: 1979: 1768: 1752: 1724: 1641: 1548: 1517: 1492: 1417: 1310:

The Sumatran rhinoceros lives in both lowland and highland secondary

947: 941: 204: 102: 5974: 5413: 4464:"Mengenali nama-nama badak bercula dua di Taman Nasional Way Kambas" 4213:

Zainal-Zahari, Z.; Rosnina, Y.; Wahid, H.; Jainudeen, M. R. (2002).

4041: 3579: 2513:"To rescue Sumatran rhinos, Indonesia starts by counting them first" 1922: 579:. Normally, the oldest name would be used, but a 1977 ruling by the 6268: 5997: 5951: 5489: 5483: 5477: 2489: 2252:"The taxonomic history of the recent forms of Sumatran Rhinoceros ( 2048: 2039: 1899: 1861:

because of the desirability of their hardwoods. Rare woods such as

1819: 1810: 1695: 1598: 1331: 919: 687: 683: 224: 92: 87: 72: 67: 57: 4987:"Puntung euthanised leaves Malaysia with just two Sumatran rhinos" 4279:

Roth, Terri L.; Radcliffem, Robin W.; van Strien, Nico J. (2006).

4212: 3942: 3460: 3012: 2626: 838:

than to living African rhinoceros species, with the split between

30:"Hairy rhinoceros" redirects here. For the extinct megafauna, see 5853: 5809: 5520: 3150:"Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae" 2836:"Critically endangered Sumatran rhino pregnant: conservationists" 2316:. University of California Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles. p. 83 2142:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

2016: 1958: 1849: 1830:. "Rhino oil", a concoction made from leaving a rhino's skull in 1823: 1764: 1735: 1670: 1650: 1625: 1619: 1459:

Sumatran rhinos are solitary creatures except for pairing before

1343: 1339: 1319: 817: 813: 809: 763: 737: 471: 444: 436: 107: 82: 1445: 682:. The main threats against this subspecies are habitat loss and 6091: 5626: 5617: 5602: 5471: 5407: 2744:

Brookes, 1828 (Mammalia) suppressed under the plenary powers".

1963:

proponents agreed the program had been a failure. In 1997, the

1911: 1866: 1862: 1815: 1666: 1460: 1266: 702:. Three bulls and five cows currently live in captivity at the 448: 234: 214: 3642:"The status of the Sumatran rhinoceros in north-eastern India" 2047:

In August 2016, there were only three Sumatran rhinos left in

443:, with only five substantial populations in the wild: four in 6242: 5836: 5649: 5635: 5588: 5547: 3946:"Trypanosomiasis (surra) in the captive Sumatran rhinoceros ( 2889:"Description of a new subspecies of Rhinoceros, from Borneo, 2145:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 635. 2052: 1968: 1891: 1525: 1513: 1381: 1323: 1252:

Sumatran rhinoceros at the Cincinnati Zoo in Cincinnati, Ohio

733: 632: 625: 618: 611: 604: 597: 456: 428: 412: 177: 171: 4535:"Helping a species go extinct: the Sumatran Rhino in Borneo" 4166: 4085: 3912:"Wallows and wallow utilization of the Sumatran Rhinoceros ( 2957:

Tougard, C.; T. Delefosse; C. Hoenni; C. Montgelard (2001).

1278:, which lived for 32 years and 8 months before dying in the 762:, which once roamed India and Bangladesh, has been declared 5287: 4646:"Officials: Sumatran rhino is extinct in the wild in Sabah" 4019:"The mineral content of food plants of the Sumatran Rhino ( 2862:"Officials: Sumatran rhino is extinct in the wild in Sabah" 1964: 1589: 1505: 1335: 902:

Although historically many fossil species were assigned to

638: 467: 5192: 4370:) in captivity: behavioral challenges, hormonal solutions" 4304: 2260:

Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

1940:

acquired a bull and cow in 1872 that had been captured in

1936:

Sumatran rhinos do not thrive outside of their ecosystem.

5939: 3731: 3617:

Asian Rhinos – Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

2917:

Officials: Sumatran rhino is extinct in the wild in Sabah

2544: 2314:

The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A study of T'ang Exotics

1759:(SRS), as well as a male calf born on November 25, 2023. 1529: 1362:

on Sumatra; and on Indonesian Borneo west of Samarindah.

5332:"Rhino on camera was rare sub-species: wildlife group". 5201:"Bayi badak sumatera lahir di Taman Nasional Way Kambas" 4720: 4718: 4671:"Officials:Sumatran rhino now extinct in Malaysian wild" 4512:"Sumatran rhino population plunges, down to 100 animals" 4278: 4169:"Reproductive behaviour of captive Sumatran rhinoceros ( 2568:"Description of the Double Horned Rhinoceros of Sumatra" 1974: 1648:

families. The most common species the rhino consumes is

2798:

International_Rhino_Foundation#Sumatran_Rhino_Sanctuary

1657:

The vegetal diet of the Sumatran rhinoceros is high in

1392:

was not as significant a barrier for the rhinos as the

954:

based on whole nuclear genomes, after Liu et al, 2021:

27:

Critically Endangered species of small Asian rhinoceros

5536: 4903:"Rare baby Sumatra rhinoceros named a 'gift from God'" 4126:"Songlike vocalizations from the Sumatran Rhinoceros ( 2778:(Abridged ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 899:, until at least 40,000 years ago and possibly later. 541:; therefore, the species was originally identified as 5928: 4715: 3411: 2194: 2043:

Sumatran rhinos Emi and Harapan at the Cincinnati Zoo

678:

in small numbers. They have recently gone extinct in

455:

had become extinct in the northern part of Borneo in

4989:. The Malay Mail Online. 4 June 2017. Archived from 4909:. Agence France-Presse. 26 June 2012. Archived from 3889:. The Hague: Kugler Publications. pp. 125–126. 3790:"Sumatran Rhino Caught on Camera in East Kalimantan" 3678: 2762: 1795:

Sumatran rhinos were once quite numerous throughout

1176: 1153: 972: 5367:"Endangered pregnant Borneo rhino caught on camera" 4754:

The great and small game of India, Burma, and Tibet

2738:

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

2445: 2443: 581:

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

5219: 4726:"Hari Badak Sedunia: Innalillahi Badak Kalimantan" 3910:Ng, J.S.C.; Zainal-Zahari, Z.; Nordin, A. (2001). 2771: 2485:"Rare Sumatran rhino sighted in Indonesian Borneo" 1342:. All known living animals occur in the island of 5348:Video of the Sumatran rhinoceros is available at 4584: 4294:(6) (abridged from Communiqué ed.): 352–353. 3880: 2565: 2092:, which featured mainly Javan and Indian rhinos. 1455:with a large front horn in London Zoo around 1904 796:Ancestral rhinoceroses first diverged from other 6329: 5199:Sukarta/Muklasin, Agus Wira (26 November 2023). 5198: 5100: 4504: 4429: 4016: 3209:"Extinction chronology of the woolly rhinoceros 2538:Williams, David; Ko, Stella (24 November 2019). 2440: 740:are unconfirmed. This subspecies is named after 459:, Malaysia. A tiny population was discovered in 5314:"Rhinos alive and well in the final frontier". 4697:"Sumatran rhino dies weeks after rare sighting" 4017:Lee, Y.H.; Stuebing, R.B.; Ahmad, A.H. (1993). 3674: 3672: 3619:. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK. 3614: 3013:Xu, Xiufeng; Axel Janke; Ulfur Arnason (1996). 2594: 2573:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 2346: 2344: 537:originally classified all rhinos in the genus, 5166: 5148:"A story of hope | Sumatran rhino born | News" 5034:"Malaysia's last male Sumatran rhino Tam dies" 4532: 3938: 3936: 3771:"Traces of Sumatran rhino found in Kalimantan" 3295: 3207:Stuart, Anthony J.; Lister, Adrian M. (2012). 1416:(WWF) announced that the team when monitoring 710:. A third calf female was born in March 2022. 5439: 4598: 4596: 4580: 4578: 4119: 4117: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3787: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2505: 2451:"15 Bornean rhinos discovered in Kalimantan?" 2220:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T6553A18493355.en 1496:Sumatran rhinoceros wallowing, Cincinnati Zoo 5130:"Rare Sumatran rhino calf born in Indonesia" 4961:"Only three Sumatran Rhino left in Malaysia" 4873: 4482: 4455: 4079: 4062: 3828: 3669: 3206: 3200: 3059: 2913: 2341: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 732:, with them having recently gone extinct in 6338:IUCN Red List critically endangered species 5078:"Last male Sumatran rhino in Malaysia dies" 5056:"Malaysia's last known Sumatran rhino dies" 4673:. Free Malaysia Today. 2015. Archived from 4363: 3933: 3681:Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6 3615:Foose, Thomas J.; van Strien, Nico (1997). 3062:Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6 2807: 2801: 2687:Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6 2603:Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6 2319: 2287:The Art of Rhinoceros Horn Carving in China 2284: 2051:, all in captivity in the eastern state of 2022:Rhino Sanctuary at Way Kambas National Park 1500:There has been little opportunity to study 1477:in mud baths to cool down and rest. In the 1293: 5446: 5432: 4602: 4593: 4575: 4526: 4281:"New hope for Sumatran rhino conservation" 4114: 4005: 3714:"Sumatran rhino numbers revised downwards" 3562: 3543: 3533:Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 3526: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 2933:"Malaysia's last male Sumatran rhino dies" 2684: 2665: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2600: 2537: 2249: 357: 149: 125: 4643: 4359: 4357: 4329: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4162: 4160: 4148: 3985:A field study of the Sumatran rhinoceros 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3707: 3660: 3639: 3437: 3388: 3183: 3173: 3111: 3101: 3036: 2585: 2431: 2386: 2376: 2234: 2218: 1720:offspring-rearing behavior is unstudied. 6393:Critically endangered fauna of Indonesia 4835: 4803: 4771: 4750: 3751:(2). Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 194–196. 3685:European Association of Zoos and Aquaria 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3147: 3066:European Association of Zoos and Aquaria 3053: 2930: 2833: 2691:European Association of Zoos and Aquaria 2607:European Association of Zoos and Aquaria 2289:. London: Christie's Books. p. 27. 2070: 2038: 1973: 1921: 1848: 1778: 1706: 1491: 1444: 1371: 1330:. Unconfirmed reports also placed it in 1302:A rhinoceros roaming the ruined city of 1297: 1255: 1247: 787: 498: 5325: 5307: 4461: 3903: 3816:"New hope for Sumatran rhino in Borneo" 3725: 3501: 3302:Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 2950: 2613: 2190: 1440: 423:The Sumatran rhinoceros once inhabited 14: 6330: 5851: 4867: 4354: 4267: 4206: 4157: 3982: 3963: 2886: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2066: 494: 5979: 5978: 5427: 4462:Budiman, Budisantoso (14 June 2022). 3601: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3038:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025681 2971:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2859: 2834:Sheridan, Kerry (22 September 2015). 2195:Ellis, S. & Talukdar, B. (2020). 2123: 583:established the proper genus name as 5036:. The Malay Mail Online. 27 May 2019 4490:"Last chance for the Sumatran rhino" 4298: 3991:. Zurich: Juris Druck & Verlag. 3948:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis 3260: 3254: 2808:Cota Larson, Rhishja (12 May 2016). 2559: 1846:with unproven medicinal properties. 1390:channel between Sumatra and Malaysia 694:, but were later recognized to be a 6383:Critically endangered fauna of Asia 4562:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030482.x 4366:"Breeding the Sumatran rhinoceros ( 4090:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni 4023:) in Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia" 3792:. The Jakarta Globe. Archived from 3006: 2891:Didermocerus sumatrensis harrissoni 2746:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 2206:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2167: 2117: 1853:Adult with juvenile, Cincinnati Zoo 1352:Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park 792:Skeleton of the Sumatran rhinoceros 708:Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden 24: 5245: 4843:"Meet "Harry" the Sumatran Rhino!" 4092:) in captivity in Sabah, Malaysia" 3136: 3072: 736:. Reports of animals surviving in 403:and one of five extant species of 25: 6404: 5384: 4226:Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 4192:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.041 4137:Acoustics Research Letters Online 2075:Illustration of 'Begum' from 1872 1711:Mother with four-day-old juvenile 563:Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger 399:, is a rare member of the family 5962: 5950: 5938: 5913: 5912: 5699: 5359: 5342: 4238:10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00416.x 3788:Erwida Maulia (2 October 2013). 3757:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00611.x 3662:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-9.x 3563:Groves, C. P.; Kurt, F. (1972). 3412:Lander, B.; Brunson, K. (2018). 2651:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96171.x 1676: 1597: 1588: 1577: 1568: 191: 50: 5509: 5373:. 21 April 2010. Archived from 5275: 5140: 5122: 5070: 5048: 5026: 5005: 4979: 4953: 4937: 4925: 4895: 4744: 4689: 4663: 4637: 4625: 4403: 4056: 3874: 3848: 3829:Jessie Yeung (14 August 2020). 3822: 3808: 3781: 3773:. 29 March 2013. Archived from 3763: 3691: 3633: 3454: 3405: 3344: 3289: 3240:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.06.007 3024:Molecular Biology and Evolution 2924: 2907: 2897:Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen 2880: 2860:Hance, Jeremy (23 April 2015). 2853: 2827: 2792: 2756: 2730: 2697: 2531: 2477: 2465: 1917: 1774: 1702: 4874:Watson, Paul (26 April 2007). 4757:. Asian Educational Services. 4589:. Scientific Progress Reports. 2914:Jeremy Hance (23 April 2015), 2403: 2303: 2278: 1790: 1265:(4,410 lb). Like the two 1243: 13: 1: 5084:. 27 May 2019. Archived from 4389:10.1016/S0018-506X(03)00068-0 3923:Journal of Wildlife and Parks 3154:Journal of Quaternary Science 3148:Pandolfi, Luca (April 2023). 2931:Woodyatt, Amy (27 May 2019). 2111: 1449:Male of the possibly extinct 1184:Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis 886:Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis 2566:Banks, J.; Bell, W. (1793). 2378:10.1371/journal.pone.0136643 1876:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake 1840:traditional Chinese medicine 1504:in the Sumatran rhinoceros. 1367:Kerinci Seblat National Park 1306:, northern Thailand, in 1867 777: 755:northern Sumatran rhinoceros 626: 612: 598: 7: 5231:Mongabay Environmental News 4779:"Andalas – A Living Legacy" 4180:Animal Reproduction Science 2517:Mongabay Environmental News 2086:Natural History New Zealand 1356:Gunung Leuser National Park 952:Stephanorhinus hemitoechus) 879:, around 14,000 years ago. 784:Rhinoceros § Evolution 726:eastern Sumatran rhinoceros 659:western Sumatran rhinoceros 524:Johann Fischer von Waldheim 397:Asian two-horned rhinoceros 10: 6409: 4751:Lydekker, Richard (1900). 3881:Rookmaaker, L. C. (1998). 3860:nationalgeographic.grid.id 3527:van Strien, N. J. (1974). 3283:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.06.002 3220:Quaternary Science Reviews 3103:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.032 2864:. Mongabay. Archived from 2327:"Rhino population figures" 2250:Rookmaaker, L. C. (1984). 1786:, Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary 892:Stephanorhinus hemitoechus 781: 633: 619: 605: 29: 6378:Mammals described in 1814 6348:Mammals of Southeast Asia 6258: 5987: 5910: 5835: 5807: 5783: 5759: 5726: 5709: 5698: 5694: 5519: 5508: 5504: 5466: 4609:Columbia University Press 4603:Dinerstein, Eric (2003). 4514:. News.mongabay.com. 2013 3950:) in Peninsular Malaysia" 3640:Choudhury, A. U. (1997). 3565:"Dicerorhinus sumatrenis" 3487:10.1007/s10592-017-1011-1 3439:10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.012 3381:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.021 2711:Encyclopædia Britannica, 2453:. Mongabay. 14 March 2016 2433:10.1017/S0030605315000472 1910:, the Indonesian part of 1747:and it had unpredictable 1607:Clockwise from top left: 1516:, which can be spread by 1470:Marking their territories 1174: 1151: 1144: 1124: 1117: 1088: 1068: 1061: 1054: 1025: 1005: 998: 991: 970: 962: 832:) belonging to the genus 365: 356: 317: 312: 293: 286: 188:Scientific classification 186: 169: 147: 138: 133: 124: 41: 6033:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 6019:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 5989:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 4368:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 4309:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 4217:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 4171:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 4128:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 4021:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 3987:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 3914:Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis 3736:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 3463:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 3355:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 2414:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 2329:. SaveTheRhino.org. 2015 2254:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 2199:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 2131:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 1761:Way Kambas National Park 1757:Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary 1403:conservation geneticists 1360:Way Kambas National Park 1294:Distribution and habitat 1131:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 938:population fragmentation 916:Dicerorhinus gwebinensis 704:Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary 676:Way Kambas National Park 674:in Sumatra, but also in 518:, then president of the 470:with its feet, twisting 384:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 297:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 48:Early Pleistocene–Recent 5395:Sumatran Rhino Pictures 4876:"Come into my mud pool" 4533:Rabinowitz, A. (1995). 3745:Molecular Ecology Notes 3322:10.1111/1755-6724.14719 3211:Coelodonta antiquitatis 2740:(1977). "Opinion 1080. 1559: 1161:Coelodonta antiquitatis 977:Elasmotherium sibiricum 940:due to the flooding of 908:Dicerorhinus fusuiensis 863:Coelodonta antiquitatis 623:, meaning "horn"), and 557:, and gave it the name 520:Royal Society of London 6260:Rhinoceros sumatrensis 5881:South American tapir ( 4288:International Zoo News 4069:International Zoo News 3263:Comptes Rendus Palevol 2992:10.1006/mpev.2000.0903 2887:Groves, C. P. (1965). 2587:10.1098/rstl.1793.0003 2139:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 2076: 2044: 1983: 1933: 1854: 1844:demand for rhino horns 1787: 1712: 1497: 1456: 1385: 1307: 1261: 1253: 793: 543:Rhinoceros sumatrensis 504: 6230:Paleobiology Database 5771:Sumatran rhinoceros ( 5419:Borneo Rhino Alliance 5414:Rhino and Forest Fund 5399:Rhino Resource Center 5283:"The Forgotten Rhino" 4881:The Los Angeles Times 4377:Hormones and Behavior 4331:10.1530/rep.0.1210139 4063:Nardelli, F. (2013). 3467:Conservation Genetics 3096:(19): 4874–4885.e16. 2774:Greek-English Lexicon 2074: 2042: 1977: 1925: 1852: 1805:inbreeding depression 1801:critically endangered 1782: 1710: 1661:and only moderate in 1495: 1448: 1375: 1301: 1259: 1251: 791: 760:Chittagong rhinoceros 664:Bukit Barisan Selatan 529:The specific epithet 502: 441:critically endangered 387:), also known as the 156:Critically Endangered 6368:Mammals of Indonesia 5578:Przewalski's horse ( 5458:(Odd-toed ungulates) 5335:Agence France Presse 5253:"The Littlest Rhino" 4677:on 24 September 2015 4542:Conservation Biology 4492:. IUCN. 4 April 2013 4364:Roth, T. L. (2003). 3017:Rhinoceros unicornis 2630:Conservation Biology 2285:Chapman, J. (1999). 2213:: e.T6553A18493355. 1902:was confirmed to be 1894:was confirmed to be 1441:Behavior and ecology 1095:Rhinoceros sondaicus 1075:Rhinoceros unicornis 925:Pairwise sequential 914:of South China, and 6373:Mammals of Malaysia 5738:Indian rhinoceros ( 5461:species by suborder 5391:Sumatran Rhino Info 5354:World Wildlife Fund 5180:. 30 September 2023 4950:. (1 November 2015) 4855:on 17 November 2007 4791:on 17 November 2007 4732:. 22 September 2023 4554:1995ConBi...9..482R 4468:ANTARA News Lampung 4263:on 19 January 2018. 3983:Borner, M. (1979). 3597:on 1 November 2012. 3479:2018ConG...19..397S 3430:2018CBio...28.R252L 3373:2018CBio...28E..70M 3314:2021AcGlS..95.1065C 3275:2012CRPal..11..555T 3232:2012QSRv...51....1S 3166:2023JQS....38..291P 2984:2001MolPE..19...34T 2963:and 12s rRNA genes" 2643:1997ConBi..11..539M 2369:2015PLoSO..1036643P 2102:World Wildlife Fund 2090:The Forgotten Rhino 2067:Cultural depictions 1998:, and a cow in the 1904:extinct in the wild 1896:extinct in the wild 1520:carrying parasitic 1414:World Wildlife Fund 1407:microsatellite loci 1127:Sumatran rhinoceros 1032:Ceratotherium simum 934:Eemian Interglacial 897:last glacial period 895:surviving into the 680:Peninsular Malaysia 495:Taxonomy and naming 379:Sumatran rhinoceros 279:D. sumatrensis 141:Conservation status 42:Sumatran rhinoceros 18:Sumatran Rhinoceros 5819:Black rhinoceros ( 5795:White rhinoceros ( 5747:Javan rhinoceros ( 5609:African wild ass ( 5110:. 23 November 2019 5058:. 23 November 2019 4823:on 27 October 2007 4644:Hance, J. (2015). 4571:on 10 August 2014. 2868:on 7 December 2015 2310:Schafer, Edward H. 2082:The Littlest Rhino 2077: 2045: 2015:, was returned to 1984: 1934: 1855: 1788: 1713: 1498: 1457: 1422:West Kutai Regency 1420:activity found in 1386: 1308: 1272:sexually dimorphic 1262: 1254: 1180:Merck's rhinoceros 794: 721:Bornean rhinoceros 609:, meaning "two"), 575:proposed the name 571:in 1841. In 1868, 565:proposed the name 505: 453:Bornean rhinoceros 6358:Mammals of Borneo 6325: 6324: 6217:Open Tree of Life 5981:Taxon identifiers 5926: 5925: 5906: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5845: 5831: 5830: 5720: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5580:E. f. przewalskii 5553: 5530: 5459: 5377:on 24 April 2010. 5317:New Straits Times 5295:on 1 October 2006 5263:on 9 October 2007 5233:. 8 November 2023 4965:New Straits Times 4913:on 10 August 2014 4764:978-81-206-1162-7 4150:10.1121/1.1588271 4108:10.1002/zoo.20107 3896:978-90-5103-134-8 3687:. pp. 96–98. 3572:Mammalian Species 3068:. pp. 46–49. 2693:. pp. 70–74. 2152:978-0-8018-8221-0 1980:preserved remains 1784:D. s. sumatrensis 1745:induced by mating 1394:Barisan Mountains 1240: 1239: 1231: 1230: 1222: 1221: 1213: 1212: 1204: 1203: 1195: 1194: 1157:Woolly rhinoceros 1106: 1105: 1071:Indian rhinoceros 1043: 1042: 912:Early Pleistocene 873:Upper Pleistocene 859:woolly rhinoceros 826:Indian rhinoceros 806:Mitochondrial DNA 700:D. s. sumatrensis 653:D. s. sumatrensis 485:Indonesian Borneo 407:; it is the only 375: 374: 350: 337: 332:D. s. sumatrensis 327: 181: 164: 32:woolly rhinoceros 16:(Redirected from 6400: 6363:Mammals of India 6353:Fauna of Sumatra 6318: 6317: 6305: 6304: 6292: 6291: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6251: 6250: 6238: 6237: 6225: 6224: 6212: 6211: 6199: 6198: 6186: 6185: 6173: 6172: 6160: 6159: 6147: 6146: 6134: 6133: 6121: 6120: 6108: 6107: 6095: 6094: 6082: 6081: 6072: 6071: 6059: 6058: 6046: 6045: 6036: 6035: 6023: 6022: 6021: 6008: 6007: 6006: 5976: 5975: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5955: 5954: 5943: 5942: 5934: 5916: 5915: 5872:Mountain tapir ( 5849: 5848: 5844: 5843: 5839: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5714: 5696: 5695: 5665:Mountain zebra ( 5589:Domestic horse ( 5552: 5551: 5543: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5506: 5505: 5457: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5425: 5424: 5379: 5378: 5363: 5357: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5338:. 25 April 2007. 5329: 5323: 5322: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5291:. Archived from 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5259:. Archived from 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5104: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5009: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4967:. 26 August 2016 4957: 4951: 4948:Associated Press 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4851:. Archived from 4839: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4819:. Archived from 4807: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4787:. Archived from 4775: 4769: 4768: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4722: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4600: 4591: 4590: 4582: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4564:. Archived from 4539: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4443:. 2 October 2023 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4374: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4333: 4315: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4285: 4276: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4256:. Archived from 4223: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4186:(3–4): 327–335. 4177: 4164: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4134: 4121: 4112: 4111: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4027: 4014: 4003: 4002: 3980: 3961: 3960: 3954: 3940: 3931: 3930: 3920: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3818:. 22 March 2016. 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3796:on 23 March 2014 3785: 3779: 3778: 3777:on 1 April 2013. 3767: 3761: 3760: 3742: 3729: 3723: 3722:. 18 March 2012. 3711: 3705: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3676: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3646: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3612: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3590:. Archived from 3569: 3560: 3541: 3540: 3524: 3499: 3498: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3441: 3424:(6): R252–R253. 3409: 3403: 3402: 3392: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3308:(4): 1065–1072. 3293: 3287: 3286: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3217: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3187: 3177: 3175:10.1002/jqs.3496 3145: 3134: 3133: 3115: 3105: 3081: 3070: 3069: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3040: 3031:(9): 1167–1173. 3010: 3004: 3003: 2967: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2777: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2734: 2728: 2726: 2722:, 1876, p. 2701: 2695: 2694: 2682: 2663: 2662: 2624: 2611: 2610: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2447: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2390: 2380: 2348: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2323: 2317: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2247: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2222: 2192: 2165: 2164: 2121: 2098:Malaysian Borneo 1994:, a bull in the 1729:black rhinoceros 1717:gestation period 1601: 1592: 1581: 1572: 1288:subcutaneous fat 1178: 1155: 1147: 1146: 1120: 1119: 1091:Javan rhinoceros 1064: 1063: 1057: 1056: 1028:White Rhinoceros 1012:Diceros bicornis 1008:Black rhinoceros 1001: 1000: 994: 993: 974: 968:Elasmotheriinae 965: 964: 958: 957: 830:Javan rhinoceros 715:D. s. harrissoni 636: 635: 629: 622: 621: 615: 608: 607: 601: 573:John Edward Gray 509:Fort Marlborough 476:Javan rhinoceros 393:hairy rhinoceros 369: 361: 345: 335: 325: 322:D. s. harrissoni 299: 196: 195: 175: 158: 153: 152: 129: 119: 49: 45:Temporal range: 39: 38: 21: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6397: 6328: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6313: 6308: 6300: 6295: 6287: 6282: 6273: 6272: 6267: 6254: 6246: 6241: 6233: 6228: 6220: 6215: 6207: 6204:Observation.org 6202: 6194: 6189: 6181: 6176: 6168: 6163: 6155: 6150: 6142: 6137: 6129: 6124: 6116: 6111: 6103: 6098: 6090: 6085: 6077: 6075: 6067: 6062: 6054: 6049: 6041: 6039: 6031: 6026: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5983: 5973: 5963: 5961: 5949: 5937: 5929: 5927: 5922: 5898: 5890:Malayan tapir ( 5863:Baird's tapir ( 5841: 5840: 5827: 5803: 5779: 5755: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5705: 5682: 5674:Grévy's zebra ( 5545: 5544: 5542: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5515: 5500: 5462: 5456:Perissodactyla 5452: 5387: 5382: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5347: 5343: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5298: 5296: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5257:Asia Geographic 5251: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5210: 5208: 5207:(in Indonesian) 5197: 5193: 5183: 5181: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5154:. 28 March 2022 5146: 5145: 5141: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5091: 5089: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5061: 5059: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5006: 4996: 4994: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4942: 4938: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4765: 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4642: 4638: 4631:Payne J. 2016. 4630: 4626: 4619: 4601: 4594: 4583: 4576: 4568: 4537: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4515: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4470:(in Indonesian) 4460: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4372: 4362: 4355: 4313: 4303: 4299: 4283: 4277: 4268: 4260: 4221: 4211: 4207: 4175: 4165: 4158: 4132: 4122: 4115: 4084: 4080: 4061: 4057: 4042:10.2307/2388795 4025: 4015: 4006: 3999: 3981: 3964: 3952: 3941: 3934: 3918: 3908: 3904: 3897: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3862:(in Indonesian) 3854: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3827: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3786: 3782: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3740: 3730: 3726: 3712: 3708: 3704:. 18 March 2012 3696: 3692: 3677: 3670: 3644: 3638: 3634: 3627: 3613: 3602: 3594: 3580:10.2307/3503818 3567: 3561: 3544: 3525: 3502: 3459: 3455: 3418:Current Biology 3410: 3406: 3367:(1): 70–76.e4. 3361:Current Biology 3349: 3345: 3294: 3290: 3259: 3255: 3215: 3205: 3201: 3146: 3137: 3082: 3073: 3058: 3054: 3011: 3007: 2965: 2955: 2951: 2941: 2939: 2929: 2925: 2912: 2908: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2814:annamiticus.com 2806: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2761: 2757: 2735: 2731: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2683: 2666: 2625: 2614: 2599: 2595: 2564: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2536: 2532: 2522: 2520: 2519:. 15 April 2019 2511: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2493:. 23 March 2016 2483: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2466: 2456: 2454: 2449: 2448: 2441: 2408: 2404: 2363:(9): e0139982. 2349: 2342: 2332: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2283: 2279: 2248: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2193: 2168: 2153: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2069: 2013:Los Angeles Zoo 1992:Los Angeles Zoo 1988:Port Lympne Zoo 1920: 1908:East Kalimantan 1859:illegal logging 1793: 1777: 1705: 1679: 1646:Melastomataceae 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1594: 1593: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1574: 1573: 1562: 1542:Elephas maximus 1443: 1426:East Kalimantan 1296: 1246: 1241: 1232: 1223: 1214: 1205: 1196: 1107: 1044: 989:Rhinocerotinae 786: 780: 752:, known as the 730:East Kalimantan 718:, known as the 656:, known as the 591:comes from the 497: 463:in early 2016. 461:East Kalimantan 411:species of the 371: 367: 308: 301: 295: 282: 190: 182: 165: 154: 150: 143: 120: 118: 117: 116: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 47: 46: 43: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6406: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6306: 6293: 6280: 6264: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6239: 6226: 6213: 6200: 6187: 6174: 6161: 6148: 6135: 6122: 6109: 6096: 6083: 6073: 6060: 6047: 6037: 6024: 6009: 5993: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5972: 5971: 5959: 5947: 5924: 5923: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5859: 5857: 5846: 5833: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5815: 5813: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5773:D. sumatrensis 5767: 5765: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5744: 5734: 5732: 5721: 5717:(Rhinoceroses) 5711:Rhinocerotidae 5707: 5706: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5671: 5662: 5656:Plains zebra ( 5643: 5642: 5633: 5624: 5615: 5596: 5595: 5586: 5585: 5584: 5556: 5554: 5531: 5527:(Horse family) 5517: 5516: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5496:Laurasiatheria 5492: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5451: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5404:Sumatran Rhino 5401: 5386: 5385:External links 5383: 5381: 5380: 5358: 5350:"Asian rhinos" 5341: 5324: 5321:. 2 July 2006. 5306: 5274: 5244: 5218: 5191: 5165: 5152:Save The Rhino 5139: 5121: 5099: 5088:on 27 May 2019 5069: 5047: 5025: 5004: 4993:on 4 June 2017 4978: 4952: 4936: 4924: 4894: 4866: 4848:Cincinnati Zoo 4834: 4816:Cincinnati Zoo 4802: 4784:Cincinnati Zoo 4770: 4763: 4743: 4714: 4703:. 6 April 2016 4688: 4662: 4636: 4624: 4617: 4592: 4574: 4548:(3): 482–488. 4525: 4503: 4481: 4454: 4428: 4402: 4353: 4324:(1): 139–149. 4297: 4266: 4232:(6): 350–354. 4205: 4156: 4113: 4102:(5): 417–431. 4078: 4055: 4036:(5): 352–355. 4004: 3997: 3962: 3932: 3902: 3895: 3873: 3847: 3821: 3807: 3780: 3762: 3724: 3719:Save The Rhino 3706: 3690: 3668: 3655:(2): 151–152. 3632: 3625: 3600: 3542: 3500: 3473:(2): 397–408. 3453: 3404: 3343: 3288: 3269:(8): 555–562. 3253: 3199: 3160:(3): 291–294. 3135: 3071: 3052: 3005: 2949: 2923: 2906: 2879: 2852: 2826: 2800: 2791: 2784: 2755: 2729: 2696: 2664: 2637:(2): 539–543. 2612: 2593: 2558: 2530: 2504: 2476: 2464: 2439: 2426:(2): 355–359. 2402: 2340: 2318: 2302: 2295: 2277: 2233: 2166: 2151: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2068: 2065: 2030:Cincinnati Zoo 1996:Cincinnati Zoo 1950:Copenhagen Zoo 1946:D. s. lasiotis 1929:D. s. lasiotis 1919: 1916: 1797:Southeast Asia 1792: 1789: 1776: 1773: 1740:Cincinnati Zoo 1734:The period of 1704: 1701: 1692:humpback whale 1678: 1675: 1606: 1605: 1596: 1595: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1576: 1575: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1452:D. s. lasiotis 1442: 1439: 1430:Zulkifli Hasan 1314:, swamps, and 1295: 1292: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1004: 999: 997: 992: 990: 986: 985: 982: 981: 969: 963: 961: 956: 881:Stephanorhinus 868:Stephanorhinus 798:perissodactyls 782:Main article: 779: 776: 772:D. s. lasiotis 749:D. s. lasiotis 668:Kerinci Seblat 551:Joshua Brookes 496: 493: 401:Rhinocerotidae 389:Sumatran rhino 373: 372: 366: 363: 362: 354: 353: 352: 351: 342:D. s. lasiotis 338: 328: 315: 314: 310: 309: 302: 291: 290: 284: 283: 276: 274: 270: 269: 262: 258: 257: 255:Rhinocerotidae 252: 248: 247: 245:Perissodactyla 242: 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 222: 218: 217: 212: 208: 207: 202: 198: 197: 184: 183: 170: 167: 166: 148: 145: 144: 139: 136: 135: 131: 130: 122: 121: 113: 112: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6405: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6316: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6270: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6257: 6249: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6070: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6014: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5977: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5935: 5932: 5921: 5920: 5909: 5895: 5893: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5883:T. terrestris 5879: 5877: 5875: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5847: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5800: 5798: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5786:Ceratotherium 5782: 5776: 5774: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5722: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5703: 5697: 5693: 5679: 5677: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5587: 5583: 5581: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5549: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5532: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5485: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5468: 5465: 5460: 5449: 5444: 5442: 5437: 5435: 5430: 5429: 5426: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5376: 5372: 5371:The Telegraph 5368: 5362: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5337: 5336: 5328: 5320: 5318: 5310: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5278: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5248: 5232: 5228: 5222: 5206: 5202: 5195: 5179: 5175: 5169: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5109: 5103: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5073: 5057: 5051: 5035: 5029: 5014: 5008: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4949: 4945: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4907:Jakarta Globe 4904: 4898: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4870: 4854: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4838: 4822: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4806: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4774: 4766: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4747: 4731: 4727: 4721: 4719: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4651: 4647: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4620: 4618:0-231-08450-1 4614: 4610: 4606: 4599: 4597: 4588: 4581: 4579: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4536: 4529: 4513: 4507: 4491: 4485: 4469: 4465: 4458: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4417:. 14 May 2016 4416: 4412: 4406: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4369: 4360: 4358: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4310: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4282: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4220: 4218: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4174: 4172: 4163: 4161: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4131: 4129: 4120: 4118: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4091: 4082: 4075:(5): 323–339. 4074: 4070: 4066: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4022: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4000: 3998:3-260-04600-3 3994: 3990: 3986: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3958: 3951: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3915: 3906: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3817: 3811: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3737: 3728: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3673: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3636: 3628: 3626:2-8317-0336-0 3622: 3618: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3356: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3214: 3212: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2964: 2962: 2953: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2919: 2918: 2910: 2903:(3): 128–131. 2902: 2898: 2894: 2892: 2883: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2795: 2787: 2785:0-19-910207-4 2781: 2776: 2775: 2769: 2768:Scott, Robert 2765: 2764:Liddell, H.G. 2759: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2609:. p. 52. 2608: 2604: 2597: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2562: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2534: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2452: 2446: 2444: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2415: 2406: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2347: 2345: 2328: 2322: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2298: 2296:0-903432-57-9 2292: 2288: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2200: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2116: 2109: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2041: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1960: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1930: 1924: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1888:Bornean rhino 1884: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1851: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1785: 1781: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1718: 1709: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688:vocalizations 1685: 1677:Communication 1674: 1672: 1668: 1667:mud-volcanoes 1664: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1638:Euphorbiaceae 1628: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1600: 1591: 1580: 1571: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1483:ectoparasites 1480: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1454: 1453: 1447: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1316:cloud forests 1313: 1305: 1300: 1291: 1289: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1258: 1250: 1236: 1235: 1227: 1226: 1218: 1217: 1209: 1208: 1200: 1199: 1191: 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535:Carl Linnaeus 532: 527: 525: 521: 517: 514: 510: 501: 492: 488: 486: 481: 477: 473: 469: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 433:cloud forests 430: 426: 421: 419: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 385: 380: 364: 360: 355: 348: 344: 343: 339: 336:Fischer, 1814 334: 333: 329: 324: 323: 319: 318: 316: 311: 306: 300: 298: 292: 289: 288:Binomial name 285: 281: 280: 275: 272: 271: 268: 267: 263: 260: 259: 256: 253: 250: 249: 246: 243: 240: 239: 236: 233: 230: 229: 226: 223: 220: 219: 216: 213: 210: 209: 206: 203: 200: 199: 194: 189: 185: 179: 173: 168: 162: 157: 146: 142: 137: 132: 128: 123: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6388:EDGE species 6343:Dicerorhinus 6259: 5988: 5917: 5891: 5882: 5874:T. pinchaque 5873: 5864: 5852: 5820: 5808: 5796: 5784: 5772: 5770: 5762:Dicerorhinus 5760: 5749:R. sondaicus 5748: 5740:R. unicornis 5739: 5727: 5702:Ceratomorpha 5700: 5675: 5666: 5657: 5648: 5646: 5637: 5628: 5619: 5611:E. africanus 5610: 5601: 5599: 5590: 5579: 5570: 5569:Wild horse ( 5561: 5559: 5537: 5510: 5375:the original 5370: 5361: 5353: 5344: 5333: 5327: 5315: 5309: 5297:. Retrieved 5293:the original 5286: 5277: 5265:. Retrieved 5261:the original 5256: 5247: 5235:. Retrieved 5230: 5221: 5209:. Retrieved 5204: 5194: 5182:. Retrieved 5177: 5168: 5156:. Retrieved 5151: 5142: 5133: 5124: 5112:. Retrieved 5102: 5090:. Retrieved 5086:the original 5081: 5072: 5060:. Retrieved 5050: 5038:. Retrieved 5028: 5016:. Retrieved 5007: 4995:. Retrieved 4991:the original 4981: 4969:. Retrieved 4964: 4955: 4947: 4939: 4927: 4915:. Retrieved 4911:the original 4906: 4897: 4885:. Retrieved 4879: 4869: 4857:. Retrieved 4853:the original 4846: 4837: 4825:. Retrieved 4821:the original 4814: 4805: 4793:. Retrieved 4789:the original 4782: 4773: 4753: 4746: 4734:. Retrieved 4729: 4705:. Retrieved 4700: 4691: 4679:. Retrieved 4675:the original 4665: 4653:. Retrieved 4649: 4639: 4627: 4607:. New York: 4604: 4586: 4566:the original 4545: 4541: 4528: 4516:. Retrieved 4506: 4494:. Retrieved 4484: 4472:. Retrieved 4467: 4457: 4445:. Retrieved 4440: 4431: 4419:. Retrieved 4414: 4405: 4380: 4376: 4367: 4321: 4318:Reproduction 4317: 4308: 4300: 4291: 4287: 4258:the original 4229: 4225: 4216: 4208: 4183: 4179: 4170: 4140: 4136: 4127: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4081: 4072: 4068: 4058: 4033: 4029: 4020: 3988: 3984: 3956: 3947: 3926: 3922: 3913: 3905: 3886: 3883:"London, UK" 3876: 3864:. Retrieved 3859: 3850: 3838:. Retrieved 3834: 3824: 3810: 3798:. Retrieved 3794:the original 3783: 3775:the original 3765: 3748: 3744: 3735: 3727: 3717: 3709: 3701: 3693: 3680: 3652: 3648: 3635: 3616: 3592:the original 3571: 3536: 3532: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3421: 3417: 3407: 3364: 3360: 3354: 3346: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3223: 3219: 3210: 3202: 3185:11563/163194 3157: 3153: 3093: 3089: 3061: 3055: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3008: 2978:(1): 34–44. 2975: 2969: 2960: 2952: 2940:. Retrieved 2936: 2926: 2916: 2909: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2882: 2870:. Retrieved 2866:the original 2855: 2843:. Retrieved 2839: 2829: 2817:. Retrieved 2813: 2803: 2794: 2773: 2758: 2749: 2745: 2742:Didermocerus 2741: 2732: 2718:, vol. 2714: 2710: 2699: 2686: 2634: 2628: 2602: 2596: 2577: 2571: 2561: 2549:. Retrieved 2543: 2533: 2521:. Retrieved 2516: 2507: 2495:. Retrieved 2488: 2479: 2467: 2455:. Retrieved 2423: 2419: 2413: 2405: 2360: 2356: 2331:. Retrieved 2321: 2313: 2305: 2286: 2280: 2266:(1): 12–25. 2263: 2259: 2253: 2224:. Retrieved 2210: 2204: 2198: 2141: 2137:Wilson, D.E. 2130: 2119: 2106: 2094: 2089: 2081: 2078: 2061: 2057: 2046: 2026: 1985: 1957: 1954: 1945: 1935: 1927: 1918:In captivity 1885: 1881:Allee effect 1856: 1828:tuberculosis 1809: 1794: 1783: 1775:Conservation 1749:progesterone 1733: 1722: 1714: 1703:Reproduction 1683: 1680: 1656: 1649: 1634: 1624: 1618: 1608: 1546: 1541: 1522:trypanosomes 1502:epidemiology 1499: 1487:suppurations 1479:rainy season 1458: 1450: 1435: 1411: 1387: 1378:cloud forest 1364: 1348: 1309: 1284: 1275: 1263: 1183: 1175: 1160: 1152: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1094: 1089: 1074: 1069: 1031: 1026: 1011: 1006: 975: 971: 951: 946: 924: 915: 907: 904:Dicerorhinus 903: 901: 890: 884: 880: 877:last ice age 866: 862: 856: 851: 848:Dicerorhinus 847: 844:Dicerorhinus 843: 839: 833: 822: 802:Early Eocene 795: 771: 767: 759: 753: 748: 747: 746: 725: 719: 714: 713: 712: 699: 691: 657: 652: 651: 650: 643: 624: 610: 596: 589:Dicerorhinus 588: 585:Dicerorhinus 584: 577:Ceratorhinus 576: 568:Dicerorhinus 566: 559:Didermocerus 558: 554: 546: 542: 538: 530: 528: 516:Joseph Banks 506: 489: 479: 465: 439:. It is now 422: 417:Dicerorhinus 415: 396: 392: 388: 383: 382: 378: 376: 340: 330: 326:Groves, 1965 320: 296: 294: 278: 277: 266:Dicerorhinus 265: 36: 6113:iNaturalist 6013:Wikispecies 5821:D. bicornis 5650:Hippotigris 5629:E. hemionus 5591:E. caballus 5546:(including 5512:Hippomorpha 5494:Superorder 5488:Infraclass 5237:27 November 5211:27 November 5205:Antara News 5184:27 November 5092:24 November 5062:23 November 5018:23 November 4736:27 November 4730:betahita.id 4096:Zoo Biology 3574:(21): 1–6. 3539:(16): 1–82. 3113:10230/48693 2551:27 November 2226:19 November 1926:The female 1836:aphrodisiac 1832:coconut oil 1791:In the wild 1615:mangosteens 1518:horse-flies 1465:territories 1437:Indonesia. 1399:Pleistocene 1397:during the 1304:Chiang Saen 1276:D. lasiotis 1244:Description 692:D. s. niger 686:. A slight 637:, meaning " 531:sumatrensis 447:and one in 425:rainforests 313:Subspecies 6332:Categories 6275:Q109647459 5892:T. indicus 5865:T. bairdii 5729:Rhinoceros 5319:(Malaysia) 5299:6 December 5267:6 December 5114:21 January 4887:5 December 4859:4 November 4827:4 November 4795:4 November 4474:20 January 4447:12 October 4421:15 January 4030:Biotropica 3866:11 January 3683:. London: 3064:. London: 2920:, Mongabay 2689:. London: 2605:. 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