843:
740:
84:
22:
274:
The jurisdiction of the Court is automatically compulsory. The statute of the Court is a part of the
European Convention on Human Rights and thus states party to the Convention are party to the Court. While not having initial jurisdiction over complaints, there is no provision for refusal by States
671:
States
Parties to NAFTA have initial jurisdiction over anti-dumping violations of the Agreement, which may be brought before the court by private parties and individual persons against private parties and individual persons in another State Party. However, if the first private party seeks an appeal
406:
The ICJ Statute is a self-executing treaty, meaning (dependent on the
Constitutional provisions of the State Party in question) the provisions of the treaty are enforceable in the respective legal structures of States Parties, indistinguishable from national laws of the State Party. Taken with fact
344:
Note: Unlike the
European Court of Human Rights, there is no provision for direct application by individuals to the Court. Rather individuals must file a complaint with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which may decide after exhausting non-contentious measures of resolution, to submit
212:
Making of significant decisions by a body that is not made of national representatives and that does not receive instructions from national governments. (Though such a body is frequently elected by national authorities or their constituents. Frequently such a body is made up of officials acting in
819:
The
Security Council may create subsidiary organs to assist in carrying out its functions. Since the decisions of the Security Council are binding, the effect is that such subsidiary organs can add new ways for the Council to exercise its obligations. The most prominent examples of this were the
872:
The 1950 General
Assembly resolution number 377 recognizes the right of the General Assembly, when the veto of a permanent member causes the Security Council to fail in maintaining the peace, to recommend the use of all actions including military force to preserve the peace. Paragraph 7 further
490:
The Pre-Trial
Chamber may, after an investigation by the Prosecutor and on the application of the Prosecutor, issue a warrant of arrest for an individual if it has reasonable grounds to believe the individual has committed a crime under the Statute involved in the case under investigation by the
608:
The
Tribunal has automatic compulsory jurisdiction. All States Parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea are States Parties to the ITLOS, as its Statute is contained in the Convention. Any other state party may bring any other state party before the Tribunal for an alleged
423:
States parties to the ICJ Statute may declare acceptance of the jurisdiction of the Court in all cases. This means that any other state party having declared compulsory jurisdiction as well may bring the state party before the Court for an alleged violation of international law. Should the ICJ
334:
States may accept compulsory jurisdiction of contentious cases through declaration. This means any other State Party accepting compulsory jurisdiction may bring a case against it before the Court. Alternatively the state declaring compulsory jurisdiction may be brought before the court by the
507:
The
Prosecutor of the Court, with the consent of the Pre-Trial Chamber, consisting of three judges, is authorized to directly summon a person if there are reasonable grounds to believe the person committed an alleged crime under the Statute and a summons is sufficient to ensure the person’s
462:
The
Prosecutor may independently open investigations into cases of widespread violation of the Statute, such as war crimes, genocide, and crimes against Humanity, given the consent of the Pre-Trial Chamber. The Prosecutor may conduct investigations on the territory of a State Party.
257:
Judges of the Court serve in an individual capacity. Though elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, they receive no instructions from States or any entity outside the court and cannot be dismissed but by a vote of two thirds of their own grouping.
873:
recommends that member states maintain armed forces ready to be made available to serve as UN units up the recommendation of the Security Council or General Assembly. Used in Suez Crisis, 1956, Soviet Intervention in Hungary, 1956, the Lebanon-Jordan crisis, 1958, etc.
381:
The judges which compose the Court serve in a personal capacity, and though they are elected by the General Assembly on the advice of the Security Council, they are forbidden from receiving instructions from national governments or any entity outside the Court.
471:
Judges and members of the Office of the Prosecutor serve in a personal capacity and, though accountable to the Assembly of States Parties, act entirely independently and without instruction from national governments or any entity outside the Court.
828:
The Statute of the International Criminal Court confers upon the Security Council an ability to refer situations of war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide in states not party to the Statute to the ICC for investigation and prosecution.
207:
that is used in this entry. Etzioni writes that supranationality can be thought of as "a composite of several elements." These elements can be present alone or all together. The three elements of supranationality are defined as follows:
283:
Citizens of States Parties to the European Convention on Human Rights may bring their human rights grievances directly to an international body of judges (the Court), albeit only when all domestic remedies have been exhausted.
424:
decide to take up the dispute, the party is required to defend itself in a case before the ICJ and accept the decision of the Court. Certain treaties also confer on the ICJ compulsory jurisdiction over the treaty.
794:
The Security Council may take action through the use of military force to enforce its decisions and maintain or restore international peace and security. This provision has been used somewhat infrequently – the
777:
The members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council. Thus Security Council resolutions are binding on involved member states, or even on all member states.
710:
The Organization sends inspectors to search suspected sites of substances prohibited by the Convention in the territory of States Parties. This includes governmental and private sites alike.
726:
Under implementing legislation, refusing inspections by the OPCW is a violation of national law. Inspection teams are, however, required to notify a State Party when they begin a search.
625:
The decisions of the Tribunal’s Seabed Disputes Chamber are enforceable in the territory of the parties to a dispute in the same manner as the highest court of the State Parties.
482:
The Court has jurisdiction over persons, who are individually responsible and punishable for crimes under the Statute, such as war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity.
407:
that decisions its decisions are indistinguishable in obligation from the Statute of the ICJ itself, the decisions of the ICJ have the status of national law in national courts.
390:
ICJ rulings in contentious cases are binding on the States Parties to the dispute. Thus its decisions have the status of a treaty obligation for the State Party in question.
919:
WTO Dispute Resolution Panels have compulsory jurisdiction, in that any state may bring an alleged violation of WTO trade law by another state to a panel for adjuciation.
718:
CWC Inspection teams are appointed by and accountable to the Technical Secretariat of the OPCW, and operate in their capacity as persons, not representatives of states.
266:
The Court can rule against the government of the offending States Parties. Judgements of the Court as to remedies for rights violations are binding on States Parties.
148:
562:
The Authority may adopt regulations for the protection of human life, the marine environment, and for the prospecting, exploration, and exploitation in the Area.
120:
398:
In case of non-compliance with decisions, the ICJ may refer a state party to the Security Council for enforcement, although this provision has never been used.
516:
Individuals concerned have the right to challenge an arrest warrant at the international level and apply at the international level for release pending trial.
911:
The WTO Council can, with the votes of a three-fourths majority of member states, adopt an interpretation of trade agreements falling under WTO jurisdiction.
1938:
1478:
1447:
1416:
1382:
1351:
1320:
1289:
1258:
786:
The Security Council may compel the members states to apply measures decided upon to give effect to its decisions, such as diplomatic or economic sanctions.
127:
685:
1229:
1200:
1099:
105:
98:
769:
The members of the United Nations agree that in carrying out its duties in maintaining peace and security, the Security Council Acts on their behalf.
134:
1946:
1486:
1455:
1424:
1390:
1359:
1328:
1297:
1266:
116:
583:
415:
The Court has the power in a contentious case to indicate any provisional measures for the preservation of the rights of either party.
811:
The Security Council may enforce the decisions of the International Court of Justice, although this provision has never been used.
216:
The subjects or participants (national governments or individuals) are legally obligated to comply with the decisions of the body.
141:
1792:"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction"
1771:"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction"
1750:"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction"
1729:"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction"
1708:"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction"
1687:"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction"
499:
Arrest warrants are binding on States Parties, which are obligated to take steps to arrest the person in question immediately.
820:
creation of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
39:
554:
The Authority organizes, carries out, and controls activities in the seabed and ocean floor (the Area) on behalf of mankind.
188:
aspects, meaning that decisions can be made by the organization as a whole that are binding on member states that disagree.
297:
345:
the complaint to the Court, on the condition the State Party to the Convention has accepted the jurisdiction of the Court.
1670:
1649:
935:
WTO Panel decisions may be enforced through authorization for slighted parties to undertake retaliatory trade sanctions.
638:
323:
219:
Individuals or other private parties may interact directly with the body and/or have legal obligations as stated above.
167:
65:
47:
1538:
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Part XI Section 4, Article 162, Paragraph 2, Part (o) Subpart (ii)
1952:
1492:
1461:
1430:
1396:
1365:
1334:
1303:
1272:
847:
672:
of the highest court within its State, the other private party may bring the case before a NAFTA arbitral panel.
1557:
1533:
1509:
529:
356:
232:
32:
570:
The Council of the Authority issues plans of work (contracts) for private parties for activities in the Area.
2004:
1237:
1208:
1107:
437:
181:
1999:
1665:
1644:
1623:
1602:
1581:
335:
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights over a complaint filed by an individual to the Commission.
663:
The decisions of NAFTA arbitral panels apply to and are binding on private parties and individuals.
2009:
886:
1184:"The Delegation of Federal Power to International Organizations: New Problems with Old Solutions"
94:
43:
1032:
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Articles 34, 35
326:. Judgements of the Court as to remedies for rights violations are binding on States Parties.
1922:
1901:
1880:
1859:
1838:
1817:
1514:
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Part XI Section 3, Article 153, Paragraphs 1,4
1160:
1133:
982:
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Articles 22,24
1969:
1562:
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Part XI Section 3, Article 153, Paragraphs 3
1027:
1013:
995:
977:
1183:
1000:
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Article 46
8:
1081:
1063:
1045:
960:
617:
The decisions of the Tribunal are binding on parties to a dispute brought before it.
322:
The Court can rule against the government of a State Party it finds has violated the
744:
185:
1028:"European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms"
1014:"European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms"
996:"European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms"
978:"European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms"
200:
1993:
842:
739:
800:
1631:
Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Article 39
1610:
Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Article 33
1589:
Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Article 21
1791:
1770:
1749:
1728:
1707:
1686:
796:
1234:
Statute of the International Court of Justice, Article 36, Paragraph 2
962:
Political Unification Revisited: On Building Supranational Communities
197:
Political Unification Revisited: On Building Supranational Communities
1917:
1896:
1875:
1854:
1833:
1812:
1155:
1128:
927:
Decisions of dispute resolution panels are binding on state parties.
83:
50:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
609:
violation of the Convention, should the Tribunal accept the case.
1624:"Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea"
1603:"Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea"
1582:"Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea"
1086:
American Convention on Human Rights, Article 62, Paragraph 1
1068:
American Convention on Human Rights, Article 68, Paragraph 2
1050:
American Convention on Human Rights, Article 63, Paragraph 1
1799:
CWC, Verification Annex, Part IV, Section D, Paragraph 45
1778:
CWC, Verification Annex, Part II, Section E, Paragraph 45
1757:
CWC, Verification Annex, Part II, Section E, Paragraph 38
1694:
CWC, Verification Annex, Part IV, Section D, Paragraph 37
1205:
Statute of the International Court of Justice, Article 41
1736:
CWC, Verification Annex, Part II, Section A, Paragraph 3
1715:
CWC, Verification Annex, Part II, Section A, Paragraph 2
1104:
Statute of the International Court of Justice, Article 4
117:"Supranational aspects of international organizations"
686:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
1939:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
1479:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
1448:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
1417:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
1383:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
1352:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
1321:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
1290:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
1259:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
959:
1558:"United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea"
1534:"United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea"
1510:"United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea"
1991:
1970:"United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377"
1947:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
1487:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
1456:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
1425:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
1391:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
1360:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
1329:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
1298:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
1267:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
1230:"Statute of the International Court of Justice"
1201:"Statute of the International Court of Justice"
1100:"Statute of the International Court of Justice"
1411:
1409:
584:International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
1406:
937:
929:
921:
913:
903:
891:
875:
864:
852:
831:
822:
813:
805:
788:
780:
771:
761:
749:
728:
720:
712:
702:
690:
674:
665:
655:
643:
627:
619:
611:
600:
588:
572:
564:
556:
546:
534:
518:
510:
501:
493:
484:
476:
465:
454:
442:
426:
417:
409:
400:
392:
384:
373:
361:
337:
328:
314:
302:
286:
277:
268:
260:
249:
237:
803:(1961), the First Gulf Conflict (1991)
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
884:
840:
737:
683:
636:
581:
527:
435:
354:
295:
230:
957:
1992:
1904:, Chapter XIV, Article 94, Paragraph 1
104:Please improve this article by adding
1666:"North American Free Trade Agreement"
1645:"North American Free Trade Agreement"
1082:"American Convention on Human Rights"
1064:"American Convention on Human Rights"
1046:"American Convention on Human Rights"
298:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
77:
15:
1671:North American Free Trade Agreement
1650:North American Free Trade Agreement
639:North American Free Trade Agreement
324:American Convention on Human Rights
13:
1189:. Minnesota Law Review, Vol 85:71.
1181:
14:
2021:
841:
738:
82:
20:
1962:
1931:
1910:
1889:
1868:
1847:
1826:
1805:
1784:
1763:
1742:
1721:
1700:
1679:
1658:
1637:
1616:
1595:
1574:
1550:
1526:
1502:
1471:
1440:
1375:
1344:
1313:
1282:
1251:
1222:
1193:
1175:
1148:
1121:
966:. Lanham: Lexington Books. xix.
848:United Nations General Assembly
1092:
1074:
1056:
1038:
1020:
1006:
988:
970:
951:
530:International Seabed Authority
357:International Court of Justice
233:European Court of Human Rights
1:
944:
191:
106:secondary or tertiary sources
1974:A/RES/377 Paragraphs 1 and 7
799:(1950), intervention in the
438:International Criminal Court
7:
363:Founded 1922, Reformed 1945
239:Founded 1950, Reformed 1998
223:
182:international organizations
46:the claims made and adding
10:
2026:
275:brought before the Court.
1883:, Chapter VII, Article 42
1862:, Chapter VII, Article 41
1163:, Article 94, Paragraph 2
1136:, Article 94, Paragraph 1
342:
203:offers the definition of
1925:, Chapter VI, Article 29
1918:"United Nations Charter"
1897:"United Nations Charter"
1876:"United Nations Charter"
1855:"United Nations Charter"
1834:"United Nations Charter"
1813:"United Nations Charter"
1156:"United Nations Charter"
1129:"United Nations Charter"
958:Etzioni, Amitai (2001).
887:World Trade Organization
213:an individual capacity.)
1841:, Chapter V, Article 25
1820:, Chapter V, Article 24
1923:United Nations Charter
1902:United Nations Charter
1881:United Nations Charter
1860:United Nations Charter
1839:United Nations Charter
1818:United Nations Charter
1161:United Nations Charter
1134:United Nations Charter
93:relies excessively on
905:Supranational Element
866:Supranational Element
763:Supranational Element
704:Supranational Element
657:Supranational Element
602:Supranational Element
548:Supranational Element
456:Supranational Element
375:Supranational Element
316:Supranational Element
251:Supranational Element
2005:Supranational unions
1673:(NAFTA), Chapter 19
1652:(NAFTA), Chapter 19
1182:Ku, Julian (2000).
31:possibly contains
2000:International law
1269:, Articles 53, 54
942:
941:
880:
879:
836:
835:
733:
732:
679:
678:
632:
631:
577:
576:
523:
522:
431:
430:
350:
349:
291:
290:
178:
177:
170:
152:
76:
75:
68:
33:original research
2017:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1951:. Archived from
1943:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1491:. Archived from
1483:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1460:. Archived from
1452:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1429:. Archived from
1421:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1395:. Archived from
1387:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1364:. Archived from
1356:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1333:. Archived from
1325:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1302:. Archived from
1294:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1271:. Archived from
1263:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1236:. Archived from
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1207:. Archived from
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1106:. Archived from
1096:
1090:
1089:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1004:
1003:
992:
986:
985:
974:
968:
967:
965:
955:
882:
881:
845:
838:
837:
745:Security Council
742:
735:
734:
681:
680:
634:
633:
579:
578:
525:
524:
433:
432:
352:
351:
293:
292:
228:
227:
205:supranationality
173:
166:
162:
159:
153:
151:
110:
86:
78:
71:
64:
60:
57:
51:
48:inline citations
24:
23:
16:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2010:Global politics
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1007:
994:
993:
989:
976:
975:
971:
956:
952:
947:
226:
194:
174:
163:
157:
154:
111:
109:
103:
99:primary sources
87:
72:
61:
55:
52:
37:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2023:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1986:
1985:
1961:
1958:on 2005-05-10.
1930:
1909:
1888:
1867:
1846:
1825:
1804:
1783:
1762:
1741:
1720:
1699:
1678:
1657:
1636:
1615:
1594:
1573:
1549:
1525:
1501:
1498:on 2005-05-10.
1470:
1467:on 2005-05-10.
1439:
1436:on 2005-05-10.
1405:
1402:on 2005-05-10.
1374:
1371:on 2005-05-10.
1343:
1340:on 2005-05-10.
1312:
1309:on 2005-05-10.
1281:
1278:on 2005-05-10.
1250:
1221:
1192:
1174:
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1120:
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1994:Categories
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1244:2006-12-04
1215:2006-12-04
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1114:2006-12-04
945:References
797:Korean War
192:Definition
184:also have
128:newspapers
95:references
40:improve it
44:verifying
224:Examples
1885:. 1945.
142:scholar
38:Please
900:Aspect
861:Aspect
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