828:
20:
205:
128:
841:
175:
As an SPP propagates along the surface, it loses energy to the metal due to absorption. It can also lose energy due to scattering into free-space or into other directions. The electric field falls off evanescently perpendicular to the metal surface. At low frequencies, the SPP penetration depth into
944:
The ability to dynamically control the plasmonic properties of materials in these nano-devices is key to their development. A new approach that uses plasmon-plasmon interactions has been demonstrated recently. Here the bulk plasmon resonance is induced or suppressed to manipulate the propagation of
1359:
Taverne, S.; Caron, B.; GĂ©tin, S.; Lartigue, O.; Lopez, C.; Meunier-Della-Gatta, S.; Gorge, V.; Reymermier, M.; Racine, B.; Maindron, T.; Quesnel, E. (2018-01-12). "Multispectral surface plasmon resonance approach for ultra-thin silver layer characterization: Application to top-emitting OLED
180:
formula. In the dielectric, the field will fall off far more slowly. SPPs are very sensitive to slight perturbations within the skin depth and because of this, SPPs are often used to probe inhomogeneities of a surface. For more details, see
77:
The existence of surface plasmons was first predicted in 1957 by Rufus
Ritchie. In the following two decades, surface plasmons were extensively studied by many scientists, the foremost of whom were T. Turbadar in the 1950s and 1960s, and
31:
waves. The exponential dependence of the electromagnetic field intensity on the distance away from the interface is shown on the right. These waves can be excited very efficiently with light in the visible range of the electromagnetic
978:
The wavelength and intensity of the plasmon-related absorption and emission peaks are affected by molecular adsorption that can be used in molecular sensors. For example, a fully operational prototype device detecting
119:
Surface plasmon polaritons can be excited by electrons or photons. In the case of photons, it cannot be done directly, but requires a prism, or a grating, or a defect on the metal surface.
934:
changes in thickness, density fluctuations, or molecular absorption. Recent works have also shown that SPR can be used to measure the optical indexes of multi-layered systems, where
149:, where the dispersion relation (relation between frequency and wavevector) is the same as in free space. At a higher frequency, the dispersion relation bends over and reaches an
971:, the second harmonic signal is proportional to the square of the electric field. The electric field is stronger at the interface because of the surface plasmon resulting in a
941:
Surface plasmon-based circuits have been proposed as a means of overcoming the size limitations of photonic circuits for use in high performance data processing nano devices.
891:
Localized surface plasmons arise in small metallic objects, including nanoparticles. Since the translational invariance of the system is lost, a description in terms of
926:(SPR). In SPR, the maximum excitation of surface plasmons are detected by monitoring the reflected power from a prism coupler as a function of incident angle or
1403:
Salvi, JĂ©rĂ´me; Barchiesi, Dominique (2014-04-01). "Measurement of thicknesses and optical properties of thin films from
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)".
910:, with increased local-field enhancements. LSP resonances largely depend on the shape of the particle; spherical particles can be studied analytically by
1580:
Xu, Zhida; Chen, Yi; Gartia, Manas; Jiang, Jing; Liu, Logan (2011). "Surface plasmon enhanced broadband spectrophotometry on black silver substrates".
872:
51:
changes sign across the interface (e.g. a metal-dielectric interface, such as a metal sheet in air). SPs have lower energy than bulk (or volume)
1537:
Wenshan Cai; Justin S. White & Mark L. Brongersma (2009). "Compact, High-Speed and Power-Efficient
Electrooptic Plasmonic Modulators".
902:
LSPs can be excited directly through incident waves; efficient coupling to the LSP modes correspond to resonances and can be attributed to
1022:
170:
1662:
Minh Hiep, Ha; Endo, Tatsuro; Kerman, Kagan; Chikae, Miyuki; Kim, Do-Kyun; Yamamura, Shohei; Takamura, Yuzuru; Tamiya, Eiichi (2007).
140:
1259:
Arakawa, E. T.; Williams, M. W.; Hamm, R. N.; Ritchie, R. H. (29 October 1973). "Effect of
Damping on Surface Plasmon Dispersion".
983:
in milk has been fabricated. The device is based on monitoring changes in plasmon-related absorption of light by a gold layer.
903:
865:
1343:
1301:
945:
light. This approach has been shown to have a high potential for nanoscale light manipulation and the development of a fully
1047:
953:
62:
The charge motion in a surface plasmon always creates electromagnetic fields outside (as well as inside) the metal. The
1079:
in metals. For lossy cases, the dispersion curve backbends after the reaching the surface plasmon frequency instead of
1002:
968:
1243:
858:
845:
949:-compatible electro-optical plasmonic modulator, said to be a future key component in chip-scale photonic circuits.
1017:
997:
827:
114:
610:
86:, E. Kretschmann, and A. Otto in the 1960s and 1970s. Information transfer in nanoscale structures, similar to
1627:
V. K. Valev (2012). "Characterization of
Nanostructured Plasmonic Surfaces with Second Harmonic Generation".
957:
907:
785:
265:
790:
415:
66:
excitation, including both the charge motion and associated electromagnetic field, is called either a
923:
886:
680:
355:
182:
158:
103:
71:
67:
55:
which quantise the longitudinal electron oscillations about positive ion cores within the bulk of an
28:
675:
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196:
760:
1708:
1582:
1261:
896:
365:
770:
1335:
1140:
755:
695:
665:
615:
335:
225:
1664:"A localized surface plasmon resonance based immunosensor for the detection of casein in milk"
1502:
Akimov, Yu A; Chu, H S (2012). "Plasmon–plasmon interaction: Controlling light at nanoscale".
47:
oscillations that exist at the interface between any two materials where the real part of the
795:
410:
395:
1323:
922:
The excitation of surface plasmons is frequently used in an experimental technique known as
27:
interface. The charge density oscillations and associated electromagnetic fields are called
1675:
1601:
1546:
1458:
1412:
1369:
1113:
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275:
79:
44:
8:
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435:
285:
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1462:
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1195:
1027:
895:, as in SPPs, can not be made. Also unlike the continuous dispersion relation in SPPs,
805:
765:
740:
488:
479:
1160:
975:. This larger signal is often exploited to produce a stronger second harmonic signal.
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1519:
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405:
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360:
330:
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260:
220:
154:
150:
1449:(2006). "Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics at Nanoscale Dimensions".
1186:(2006). "Generation of traveling surface plasmon waves by free-electron impact".
1104:
750:
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570:
325:
237:
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23:
Schematic representation of an electron density wave propagating along a metal–
1446:
1424:
1702:
1432:
1389:
1183:
1102:
Ritchie, R. H. (June 1957). "Plasma Losses by Fast
Electrons in Thin Films".
1072:
511:
492:
474:
375:
295:
83:
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1125:
705:
19:
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24:
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Maradudin, Alexei A.; Sambles, J. Roy; Barnes, William L., eds. (2014).
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91:
48:
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Bashevoy, M.V.; Jonsson, F.; Krasavin, A.V.; Zheludev, N.I.; Chen Y.;
1080:
992:
931:
710:
660:
533:
380:
280:
87:
56:
135:, the surface plasmon curve (red) approaches the photon curve (blue)
1331:
1235:
270:
1596:
171:
Surface plasmon polariton § Propagation length and skin depth
590:
575:
538:
529:
524:
52:
980:
543:
519:
250:
141:
Surface plasmon polariton § Fields and dispersion relation
964:, therefore sensors based on surface plasmons were developed.
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548:
245:
946:
1258:
1071:
This lossless dispersion relation neglects the effects of
1573:
1358:
255:
131:
Lossless dispersion curve for surface plasmons. At low
1229:
1138:
1396:
1281:
1095:
164:
1530:
90:, by means of surface plasmons, is referred to as
1579:
1326:Principles of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
1132:
1700:
1655:
1439:
1495:
1402:
1321:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
157:" (see figure at right). For more details see
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866:
188:
176:the metal is commonly approximated using the
97:
1668:Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
1322:Le Ru, Eric C.; Etchegoin, Pablo G. (2009).
917:
74:for the closed surface of a small particle.
1626:
1620:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1216:
115:Surface plasmon polariton § Excitation
1023:Multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance
873:
859:
203:
16:Coherent delocalized electron oscillations
1687:
1595:
1501:
1478:
1290:Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications
1252:
1199:
1159:
1139:Polman, Albert; Harry A. Atwater (2005).
1310:
930:. This technique can be used to observe
126:
18:
1101:
1701:
145:At low frequency, an SPP approaches a
122:
1445:
1287:
1141:"Plasmonics: optics at the nanoscale"
1048:Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
952:Some other surface effects such as
13:
1003:Extraordinary optical transmission
969:surface second harmonic generation
960:are induced by surface plasmon of
899:of the particle are discretized.
14:
1725:
165:Propagation length and skin depth
1018:Heat-assisted magnetic recording
998:Dual-polarization interferometry
840:
839:
826:
1516:10.1088/0957-4484/23/44/444004
1175:
1065:
1:
1161:10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00685-6
1089:
958:surface-enhanced fluorescence
108:
70:at a planar interface, or a
7:
1275:10.1103/PhysRevLett.31.1127
986:
10:
1730:
1689:10.1016/j.stam.2006.12.010
1362:Journal of Applied Physics
1081:asymptotically increasing.
884:
416:Spin gapless semiconductor
189:Localized surface plasmons
168:
138:
112:
101:
98:Surface plasmon polaritons
1425:10.1007/s00339-013-8038-z
1288:Maier, Stefan A. (2007).
973:non-linear optical effect
938:failed to give a result.
924:surface plasmon resonance
918:Experimental applications
887:Localized surface plasmon
356:Electronic band structure
183:surface plasmon polariton
159:surface plasmon polariton
104:Surface plasmon polariton
72:localized surface plasmon
68:surface plasmon polariton
29:surface plasmon-polariton
1058:
266:Bose–Einstein condensate
197:Condensed matter physics
1583:Applied Physics Letters
1471:10.1126/science.1114849
1262:Physical Review Letters
1126:10.1103/PhysRev.106.874
147:Sommerfeld-Zenneck wave
954:surface-enhanced Raman
136:
33:
1075:factors, such as the
897:electromagnetic modes
411:Topological insulator
130:
22:
1038:Plasmonics (journal)
429:Electronic phenomena
276:Fermionic condensate
45:delocalized electron
1680:2007STAdM...8..331M
1635:(44): 15454–15471.
1606:2011ApPhL..98x1904X
1551:2009NanoL...9.4403C
1463:2006Sci...311..189O
1417:2014ApPhA.115..245S
1374:2018JAP...123b3108T
1294:Springer Publishing
1118:1957PhRv..106..874R
1013:Gap surface plasmon
1008:Free electron model
436:Quantum Hall effect
123:Dispersion relation
49:dielectric function
1028:Plasma oscillation
833:Physics portal
137:
34:
1641:10.1021/la302485c
1614:10.1063/1.3599551
1559:10.1021/nl902701b
1405:Applied Physics A
1382:10.1063/1.5003869
1345:978-0-444-52779-0
1303:978-0-387-33150-8
1269:(18): 1127–1129.
1232:Modern Plasmonics
1210:10.1021/nl060941v
883:
882:
581:Granular material
349:Electronic phases
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1457:(5758): 189–93.
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1238:. p. 1–23.
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1077:intrinsic losses
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1053:Waves in plasmas
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861:
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842:
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441:Spin Hall effect
331:Phase transition
301:Luttinger liquid
238:States of matter
221:Phase transition
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193:
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155:plasma frequency
151:asymptotic limit
37:Surface plasmons
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1201:physics/0604227
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1148:Materials Today
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1105:Physical Review
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571:Amorphous solid
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459:Magnetic phases
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43:) are coherent
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1709:Quasiparticles
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1590:(24): 241904.
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1510:(44): 444004.
1504:Nanotechnology
1494:
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1411:(1): 245–255.
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1112:(5): 874–881.
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1043:Spinplasmonics
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1033:Plasmonic lens
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1368:(2): 023108.
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1330:. Amsterdam:
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1539:Nano Letters
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1292:. New York:
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1188:Nano Letters
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1165:. Retrieved
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1103:
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962:noble metals
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936:ellipsometry
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741:von Klitzing
446:Kondo effect
306:Time crystal
286:Fermi liquid
174:
153:called the "
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57:electron gas
40:
36:
35:
1480:11693/38263
1167:January 26,
563:Soft matter
484:Ferromagnet
1714:Plasmonics
1703:Categories
1674:(4): 331.
1360:cathode".
1334:. p.
1090:References
928:wavelength
912:Mie theory
908:scattering
904:absorption
893:wavevector
706:Louis NĂ©el
696:Schrieffer
604:Scientists
498:Spin glass
493:Metamagnet
475:Paramagnet
291:Supersolid
178:skin depth
109:Excitation
92:plasmonics
25:dielectric
1597:1402.1730
1447:Ă–zbay, E.
1433:1432-0630
1390:0021-8979
993:Biosensor
932:nanometer
806:Wetterich
786:Abrikosov
701:Josephson
671:Van Vleck
661:Luttinger
534:Polariton
466:Diamagnet
386:Conductor
381:Semimetal
366:Insulator
281:Fermi gas
88:photonics
32:spectrum.
1649:22889193
1629:Langmuir
1567:19827771
1524:23080049
1489:16410515
1332:Elsevier
1236:Elsevier
1194:: 1113.
987:See also
846:Category
791:Ginzburg
766:Laughlin
726:Kadanoff
681:Shockley
666:Anderson
621:von Laue
271:Bose gas
53:plasmons
1676:Bibcode
1602:Bibcode
1547:Bibcode
1459:Bibcode
1451:Science
1413:Bibcode
1370:Bibcode
1114:Bibcode
1073:damping
796:Leggett
771:Störmer
756:Bednorz
716:Giaever
686:Bardeen
676:Hubbard
651:Peierls
641:Onsager
591:Polymer
576:Colloid
539:Polaron
530:Plasmon
525:Exciton
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1338:–179.
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1154:: 56.
981:casein
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811:Perdew
801:Parisi
761:MĂĽller
751:Rohrer
746:Binnig
736:Wilson
731:Fisher
691:Cooper
656:Landau
544:Magnon
520:Phonon
361:Plasma
261:Plasma
251:Liquid
216:Phases
1592:arXiv
1196:arXiv
1144:(PDF)
1059:Notes
711:Esaki
636:Bloch
631:Debye
626:Bragg
616:Onnes
549:Roton
246:Solid
64:total
1645:PMID
1563:PMID
1520:PMID
1485:PMID
1429:ISSN
1386:ISSN
1340:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1169:2011
947:CMOS
906:and
781:Tsui
776:Yang
721:Kohn
646:Mott
1684:doi
1637:doi
1610:doi
1555:doi
1512:doi
1475:hdl
1467:doi
1455:311
1421:doi
1409:115
1378:doi
1366:123
1336:174
1271:doi
1206:doi
1156:doi
1122:doi
1110:106
967:In
336:QCP
256:Gas
226:QCP
41:SPs
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