3046:, p. 99: "…during the Mandate the land and villages of Palestine that currently make up the territory of the West Bank did not undergo a cadastral survey until after 1948. When the West Bank became part of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the Department of Lands and Survey employed Palestinian surveyors from the area to map the land and villages. Therefore the land of what is now the Palestinian territory of the West Bank had been surveyed by the Ottomans and others before the British Mandate of Palestine, and the cadastral survey was carried out while it was under Jordanian rule, but was not surveyed in between by the British. It was also confirmed that the land in the West Bank today was also not surveyed until the territory came under Jordanian rule. Palestinian surveyors based in Jerusalem who worked for the Jordanian Department of Lands and Survey were interviewed about this, and confirmed that since there were no British maps or notes to work from, they had to start from scratch in the cadastral survey, parcellation, and registration of title of the lands. Furthermore, at the Jordanian Department of Lands and Survey in Amman, it was observed that when an enquiry regarding the location of a piece of land could not be resolved on the basis of the Jordanian surveys, the sources utilized were the Ottoman tabus. Therefore, with the absence of cadastral maps during the British Mandate for the land of the West Bank, parcellation and registration could not exist, and official transfers of land could not take place."
692:
2907:, pp. 101–102: "Contrary to general practice in which country surveys started with topographical maps to describe the earth surface, there was a great rush to produce cadastral maps. The aim was to undertake “legal examination of the validity of all land title deeds in Palestine," in Weizmann's words. Thus, the extent and identity of private land ownership would be determined. All else would be "state or waste land," open for Jewish settlement… This meant that the mandate government effectively held all land in Palestine under its control and released only those lots for which the owner provided absolute proof of ownership. Since much land was held by Custom Law – by long-term recognition of ownership – or held in common ownership or used for grazing or woods, this system, and particularly the Zionist motives behind it, was resisted by the Palestinians, to the extent of chasing the surveyors away or destroying their equipment."
560:
pocket of the owner. Big blocks were, and in areas where there has been no land settlement, still are, shared by large numbers of owners who have no defined boundaries and who often alter the position of their plots from year to year… To purchase land from a title owner, or worse still, from an occupier who had no title, was a very uncertain business, and often still is. The difficulty, however, is now being solved, though very slowly, by Land
Settlement… The claims are recorded and examined by Palestinian Assistant Settlement Officers, while cases of dispute are heard by British Land Settlement Officers… Even in areas that are not under Settlement, a land-owner can apply for an authoritative registration of title on a modern survey, but if there is a dispute, this has to be settled by the Land Court, a much slower, more expensive and laborious proceeding than an investigation and judgment by a Settlement Officer.
921:
914:
874:
867:
2931:, p. 101c: “The British Government was under pressure to complete the authentication of land title in Palestine, because once titles had been validated, classification of the land would also be validated, distinguishing privately-owned land from state and waste lands, and thereby identifying lands “open for Jewish settlement."… To "implement its commitments," the government had to organize a legal land tenure system for land settlement, and as Gavish concludes, "Such a land settlement was impossible to achieve without surveying and mapping." The Zionist Organization used surveying and mapping to differentiate the types of lands (such as distinguishing "state domain and uncultivated lands") as a means towards the fulfillment of the Balfour Declaration."
942:
935:
902:
895:
855:
848:
704:
656:
373:
362:
351:
3017:, p. 325b: "By 1940 the cultivable area of Palestine was already provided with an adequate net-work of major triangulation, and in 1941 this was expanded into neighbouring territories, when Army surveyors observed a chain connecting Palestine major points south of Beersheba with Egyptian geodetic points in Sinai, thence south to the Gulf of Aqaba and north through Transjordan to close on the Palestine major net near Jericho. The area thus covered is for the most part desert. This apart, the only triangulation executed during these years was fourth-order work needed for cadastral surveys; and of this the only area still outstanding is to the south and east largely desert and without settled population."
886:
240:
33:
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called by writers the
Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem! Anyhow, it proved itself worthy of the title, for Lieut-Col F. J. Salmon states that it was sufficiently accurate to be used as the framing of the new map. The old map showed no more than the streets and principal edifices; the new shows all the structures… Large-scale maps were also undertaken, including a 1/2,500 plan of the Old City of Jerusalem, previously mentioned. Provisional plans of Jerusalem and environs, on a scale of 1/5,000, were drawn and printed, though the survey was held up by the disturbances to a degree which is obviously not overestimated. These will subsequently be reduced to 1/10,000-a general map in demand for the city."
644:
3058:, pp. 70–80: "by 1948, the Mandatory Government of Palestine had completed the land settlement of only about five million metric dunams, which represent just 20 per cent of the 26 300 square kilometers of the total land area of Palestine… This settled area is almost identical to the boundaries of the northern part of the State of Israel recognized by the United Nations in 1947. Judea and Samaria, which were occupied by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from 1948 until 1967, were not surveyed under the cadastral project and, therefore, have remained ever since the focus of constant disputes over landownership."
334:
3341:, Zionists were only interested in using their national capital to purchase land in the coastal plain and the north of Palestine... There were other points that emphasized the strong link between the cadastral survey of Palestine and Zionist motives. One of the major ones, as discussed by Gavish, was the location of the office of the Survey Department. All offices of the Mandate Government in Palestine were based in Jerusalem, except that of the Survey Department. Gavish explained that the reason behind the different location was 'the directive to survey the coastal plain first.'"
3353:, p. 101b: "By 1929, it was concluded that it would be more economical to construct a building, and that “the department should remain in Jaffa as long as the land settlement process was going on in the vicinity, and there was no choice but to set up a special building for the Survey." The issue, however, is that since the Survey Department's Office was in Jaffa, the lands that were surveyed and settled were those lands nearest to Jaffa, along the coast to the north and south of Jaffa, along with the northern part of Palestine."
775:
2974:, p. 325a: "The whole country except for the Beersheba sub-district had, by 1934, been surveyed without contours on 1/10,000 scale for fiscal purposes. These surveys formed the basis for a 1/20,000 (and 1/100,000) topographical series for which contours were compiled from new work. Prior to 1940 the published 1/20,000 sheets, numbering some 45, covered only the coastal plain… virtually the whole settled area north of the latitude of Beersheba had, by 1948, been covered with about 150 sheets."
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493:, and the neighborhood of Jerusalem, there were no restrictions. The reason given for the regulations was that the Mandatory was required to "ensur that the rights and positions of other sections of the population are not prejudiced," and an assertion that "such transfers of land must be restricted if Arab cultivators are to maintain their existing standard of life and a considerable landless Arab population is not soon to be created"
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434:. The Zionist Organization wanted to use the results of the survey work to identify land open for Jewish settlement and the strategies needed to acquire it, whether it was privately owned, state land or other types of land. The Survey was initially resisted by the Palestinian Arab population, who considered it to be an attempt to sell their land from underneath them, given the differences between
798:). The location of the headquarters in the coastal plain favored for Zionist settlement, together with the fact that all other offices of the Mandate Government were in Jerusalem, have been said to emphasize "the strong link between the cadastral survey of Palestine and Zionist motives". Proposals to move the office to Jerusalem were raised in 1925, 1928 and 1935, but to no avail.
32:
795:
559:
In the
Ottoman days, a title to a piece of land in Palestine was a very vague document. There was no survey, recording shape, area or position; the description was usually, to say the least of it, ambiguous, and the extent which was the gauge for taxation, was almost invariably falsified to save the
3242:
Beyer, G. Reviewed Work: Survey of
Palestine. Palestine of the Crusades. A Map of the Country on Scale 1: 350 000 with Historical Introduction and Gazetteer, Zeitschrift Des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (1878–1945), vol. 63, no. 1/2, 1940, pp. 122–124. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27930261. Retrieved
515:
The department grew significantly throughout the mandate period: it began with 46 professionals in 1921, of which 25 were recruited from outside
Palestine, and by 1942 had 215 professionals, with only 11 recruited from outside Palestine. The Survey of Palestine printed 1,800 maps and plans in 1926,
3167:
Annual Report, 1936, of the
Department of Land and Surveys, pages 368, 368: "In 1936 a complete map of the Old City of Jerusalem was published on the scale 1/2,500. The only previous map of the Old City was that made in 1865 by Sir Charles Wilson, previously mentioned. This map is apparently often
2986:, p. 324: "As from 1 April, 1940, the Department shed its responsibilities for land settlement – that is the actual adjudication work – and for land registration; and was thus free to concentrate upon the surveys and demarcations called for by the Land (Settlement of Title) Ordinance, 1928."
3817:"Mandate for Palestine – Report of the Mandatory to the League of Nations (Report by His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the year 1930)"
485:, a region northeast of the Gaza District, and the southern part of the Beersheba sub-District, sale of land by a Palestinian Arab was forbidden except to a Palestinian Arab with similar exceptions. In the "free zone," which consisted of Haifa Bay, the coastal plain from
3211:
3223:
Gibb, H. (1939). Palestine of the
Crusades. By C. N. Johns. 8 × 6½, pp. 41, map 1, plans 2. Jerusalem: Col. F. J. Salmon, Commissioner for Lands and Surveys, 1938. Mils. 250. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 71(2), 273–273.
3365:, p. 56: “Thus, the site of the Survey of Palestine was determined by its close proximity to the heart of the region of the cadastral survey, even at the cost of efficient communications with other governmental departments and offices."
3252:
Arden-Close, C. (1939). MAP OF PALESTINE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. Published by the Survey of
Palestine under the direction of F. J. Salmon, Commissioner for Lands and Surveys. Jaffa, 1938. Price not stated. Antiquity, 13(50), 251–252.
453:
20,000 lower-order points. The 1:10,000 survey was completed in 1934, followed by the 1:2,500 property survey for Land
Settlement; these surveys formed the basis for the published 1:20,000 and 1:100,000 topographical series.
516:
19,000 in 1929, 64,000 in 1933 and 100,000 in 1939. There were two schools for training
Palestinian and Arab surveyors, one in Jenin that operated for one year starting 1942, and the other in Nazareth that opened in 1944.
691:
723:
Cadastral Survey Ordinance 1920, published in the Official Gazette in July 1920. Initially limited to the districts of Gaza and Beersheba, extended to the whole country in February 1921 Land Surveyors Ordinance
589:
508:, although it had confirmed land title in less than 20% of the country, specifically in the areas of Jewish settlement. A cadastral survey was not carried out in the areas which would become the
415:, produced regional maps extending to Syria and Transjordan (scales 1:125,000, 1:250,000), copies of the PEF maps overprinted with revisions, and local maps, usually in the scale of 1:40,000.
727:
Land Surveyors Ordinance 1925, published on 1 May 1925, required registration of landed property to be based on an approved plan, and standardized the requirements for all such survey maps
737:
Survey Ordinance, Surveyors Regulations 1930, required certain metric scales such as an "even multiple of 1:10,000" and for individual properties "a scale of 1:2,500, 1:625, or larger".
247:
596:
61:
176:
77:
209:
571:
555:
In 1937, then Commissioner of Lands and Surveys, Lieutenant Colonel F. J. Salmon, described the importance of the department's work with respect to allowing land purchases:
149:
603:
142:
107:
477:
sub-District, new agreements for sale of land other than to a Palestinian Arab were forbidden without the High Commissioner's permission. In Zone "B," which included the
70:
220:
198:
187:
158:
128:
40:
121:
86:
790:
just a few months later. On 1 January 1931 a purpose-built building was opened to house the department at the southern end of a 30-acre (12 ha) plot near the
636:): The department also produced "historical" maps: "Map of Roman Palestine" (1936), "Palestine of the Crusades" (1937) and "Palestine of the Old Testament" (1939).
582:
519:
In early 1948, temporary Directors General of the Survey Department were appointed for each of the proposed "Jewish State" and "Arab State" under the terms of the
229:
167:
100:
93:
54:
47:
135:
114:
740:
Survey Ordinance, Surveyors Regulations 1938, update of prior regulations, not annulled and replaced until Israel's Surveyors Regulations 1965 on 5 August 1965.
618:
457:
In 1940 the department no longer had responsibility for adjudicating land settlement claims, and began to focus fully on the survey work. The February 1940
633:
655:
703:
575:
412:
290:. In early 1948, the British Mandate appointed a temporary Director General of the Survey Department for the impending Jewish State; this became the
3899:
643:
3138:
Levin, Noam; Kark, Ruth; Galilee, Emir (January 2010). "Maps and the settlement of southern Palestine, 1799–1948: an historical/GIS analysis".
540:
250:
Survey of Israel 1942–1958 1–100,000 Topographical maps. Click on each blue link to see the individual original maps in high resolution. The
592:), an administrative map without relief, usually on a single-sheet 1:250,000 scale, was often used as a base for overprinted thematic maps.
629:. This was followed by 1:5,000 provisional plans of Jerusalem and its environs, which were reduced to 1:10,000 scale for general printing.
520:
338:
337:
Map showing the amount of surveyed land by 1947; the area corresponds closely to the land allotted to the proposed "Jewish State" in the
3600:
3114:
2721:
3233:
F. J. Salmon (1939) A Map of Palestine of the Crusades, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 71:3, 144–151, DOI: 10.1179/peq.1939.71.3.144
2959:
Colonel Ley, 'An Outline of Cadastral Structure in Palestine', in "Report of the 1931 Conference of Empire Surveyors" (H.M.S.O., 1932)
3889:
461:
had divided Palestine into three regions with different restrictions on land sales applying to each. In Zone "A," which included the
3797:
419:
2860:
3787:
3766:
3744:
3629:
3468:
3447:
3091:
2763:
920:
913:
873:
866:
298:
396:
20:
3879:
297:
The maps produced by the survey have been widely used in "Palestinian refugee cartography" by scholars documenting the
2722:"Important dates in the history of the Survey of Israel (Previously: Survey Department and Survey Section 1948-1971)"
941:
934:
901:
894:
854:
847:
431:
2806:
3874:
3639:
Loxton, J.W. (1947). "Systematic Surveys for Settlement of Title and Registration of Rights to Land in Palestine".
3115:
Important dates in the history of the Survey of Israel (Previously: Survey Department and Survey Section 1948–1971)
3003:
2888:
2853:"War Office: Geographical Section General Staff and Historical Section: War of 1914–1918: Palestine Campaign: Maps"
679:
667:
3894:
885:
536:
3198:
3869:
239:
372:
361:
350:
3884:
626:
544:
404:
497:
3650:
Mankin, J.H. (1968). "Not in the Book: Reminiscences of Cadastral Surveying in Palestine 40 Years Ago".
2752:""Homecoming Is Out of the Question" Palestinian Refugee Cartography and Edward Said's View from Exile"
791:
423:
524:
446:
435:
3601:"The Survey of Israel Heritage Website (Fig Working Week Pre-Conference Workshop Eilat, 3 May 2009)"
2999:
2677:
2672:
268:
392:
2756:
Mapping Exile and Return: Palestinian Dispossession and a Political Theology for a Shared Future
606:): 45 1:20,000 sheets had been published by 1940, primarily covering the coastal area. By 1948,
3541:
2882:
333:
3435:
2852:
2751:
622:
388:
719:
The Mandate government laws regulated and empowered surveying, surveyors, and survey fees.
3659:
3491:
19:
This article is about the mapping of Israel during the mandate period. For other uses, see
3816:
527:, British lorries delivering the "Arab state" portion of their maps were diverted back to
8:
578:): By 1938 the 1:100,000 topographical maps had been completed as far south as Beersheba.
427:
272:
3663:
3495:
3463:. RoutledgeCurzon Studies in Middle East History. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
3507:
759:
1933–1938: Lieutenant Colonel Frederick John Salmon "Commissioner of Lands and Surveys"
512:
until after 1948; a situation which caused significant challenges in subsequent years.
501:
486:
3783:
3762:
3740:
3625:
3621:
All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948
3464:
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462:
774:
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3715:
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3553:
3528:
3499:
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3147:
3002:
of Inquiry), vol. 1, chapter VIII, section 7, Government Printer of Jerusalem, pp.
2788:
532:
322:
302:
291:
255:
3777:
3734:
3640:
3619:
3458:
3182:
400:
3671:
585:): the 1:250,000 administrative map, in three sheets, followed the 1:100,000 map
3334:
2495:
731:
478:
439:
287:
3849:
3719:
3695:
3581:
3557:
3532:
3423:
3151:
2259:
1579:
3863:
3615:
3519:
Mitchell, Andrew Park (1942). "Survey of Palestine: The First Twenty Years".
3407:
3399:
3101:
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1600:
1415:
523:, and the pre-existing files and maps were to be shared. However, during the
470:
310:
1645:
1631:
610:
150 1:20,000 sheets had been published, covering the whole country north of
2639:
2632:
2509:
2386:
2280:
1781:
3836:"Palestine: Annual Report, 1936, of the Department of Lands and Surveys".
3081:
2792:
2625:
2574:
2131:
1525:
2699:, p. 389: "The Survey of Palestine was established in 1920 at Jaffa"
2481:
2457:
2372:
2301:
2167:
2058:
2051:
2009:
1978:
1898:
1572:
1300:
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449:
framework had been completed by 1930, consisting of 105 major points and
391:, the British had carried out two significant surveys of the region: the
2618:
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2379:
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2308:
2266:
2216:
1943:
1936:
1856:
1490:
1368:
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1202:
1195:
1105:
3511:
2998:(Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the information of the
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2016:
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between 1872 and 1880, and a series of small-scale maps developed by
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began to pressure the British authorities to immediately begin the
283:
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1734:
1265:
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442:
and the new system which required "absolute proof of ownership".
2779:
Rempel, Terry (2012). "Review of Atlas of Palestine, 1917–1966".
1382:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3457:
Gavish, Dov (2005). "The first maps based on origin surveys".
3214:, Journal of Roman Studies, 27(2), 287–287. doi:10.2307/296388
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
778:
The headquarters of the Survey Department of Palestine in 1930
3642:
Report of the Conference of Colonial Government Statisticians
3187:. Government of Palestine. pp. 139–93 and map in pocket.
2891:. United States Department of the Army. 1956. pp. 116ff.
787:
505:
490:
482:
466:
381:
1944 maps (1:250,000) from the Survey Department of Palestine
279:
3267:
3265:
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3083:
The survey of Palestine under the British Mandate, 1920–1948
3020:
3184:
The Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine
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975:
805:
730:
Land Settlement Ordinance 1928, established the use of the
3460:
A Survey of Palestine Under the British Mandate, 1920–1948
2821:
794:
on the outskirts of Tel Aviv (the location can be seen on
3482:(1993). "The Cadastral Mapping of Palestine, 1958–1928".
3324:
3256:
2833:
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3312:
3290:
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3286:
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3282:
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782:
The first headquarters – in early 1920 – were based in
3344:
2922:
2702:
2690:
801:
599:): the 1:500,000 motor map followed the 1:100,000 map.
481:, eastern Galilee, a parcel of coastal plain south of
3798:"Detailed Map Series from the British Mandate Period"
3300:
971:
625:
was published, the first detailed map since the 1865
588:"Palestine Index to Villages & Settlements" (see
3568:
H. B. T. (1948). "Palestine Department of Surveys".
3356:
3277:
3119:
3037:
3779:
60 Years of Surveying and Mapping Israel, 1948-2008
714:
16:
Mapping agency of Palestine during mandatory period
267:was the government department responsible for the
3706:Salmon, F.J. (1938b). "The "land" of Palestine".
3201:. In: Syria. Tome 23 fascicule 1–2, 1942. p. 117.
278:The survey department was established in 1920 in
3861:
3137:
3171:
3682:Salmon, F.J. (1938a). "Cadestral Air Survey".
317:. In 2019 the maps were used as the basis for
541:Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
531:. Today, the historical maps are held at the
3440:Zionism and Land Tenure in Mandate Palestine
2745:
2743:
2714:
3406:
2900:
2898:
2839:
750:June – Dec.1920: Major Cecil Verdon Quinlan
602:1:20,000 topographical-cadastral maps (see
521:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
504:for all of the country except the southern
339:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
254:links represent post-1948 maps, printed by
3708:Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society
3477:
3055:
238:
3378:
3177:
3031:
2904:
2740:
964:Each sheet is a separate clickable image.
756:1931–1933: Robert Barker Crusher (acting)
617:Jerusalem 1:10,000 and 1:2,500 maps (see
3567:
3518:
3318:
3163:
3161:
3067:
3014:
2983:
2971:
2947:
2895:
2827:
2696:
773:
753:1920–1931/2: Major Cuthbert Hilliard Ley
500:, the Survey of Palestine had finalized
332:
3900:Government agencies established in 1920
3761:. Palestine Land Society. p. 689.
3736:Mapping My Return: A Palestinian Memoir
3436:"Land Settlement, Surveys and Disputes"
2967:
2965:
2807:"Palestinian oral history map launched"
1025:
762:1938–1939: James Nelson Stubbs (acting)
564:
420:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
418:Immediately following the start of the
3862:
3539:
3456:
3433:
3362:
3350:
3330:
3306:
3294:
3271:
3125:
3079:
3043:
2928:
2916:
2861:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
2778:
2749:
2708:
649:1933 Motor map of Palestine, 1:500,000
218:
196:
174:
147:
126:
105:
84:
68:
3158:
883:
734:of cadastral (ownership) registration
299:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
227:
207:
185:
165:
156:
140:
133:
119:
112:
98:
91:
75:
59:
52:
38:
3212:M. Avi-Yonah, Map of Roman Palestine
3199:M. Avi-Yonah: Map of Roman Palestine
2962:
685:1942 map of Jericho region, 1:20,000
673:1928 map of Jericho region, 1:20,000
661:Palestine of the Crusades, 1:350,000
45:
21:Survey of Palestine (disambiguation)
3542:"The Modern Geography of Palestine"
2809:. Middle East Monitor. 13 June 2019
802:1945 maps of Jerusalem and environs
581:1:250,000 administrative maps (see
13:
3592:
3181:(1936). "Map of Roman Palestine".
3086:. London: Routledge. p. 173.
2758:. Fortress Press. pp. 25–58.
972:1:20,000 maps – Earliest available
709:Map showing all village boundaries
570:1:100,000 topographical maps (see
407:. The Geographical Section of the
14:
3911:
465:as a whole, certain areas in the
432:Jewish land purchase in Palestine
3890:Documents of Mandatory Palestine
3434:Essaid, Aida (4 December 2013).
2857:The National Archives' catalogue
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1104:
1064:
1026:
940:
933:
919:
912:
900:
893:
884:
872:
865:
853:
846:
715:Notable survey laws (ordinances)
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
621:): In 1936 a 1:2,500 map of the
550:
371:
360:
349:
282:, and moved to the outskirts of
31:
3546:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
3372:
3246:
3236:
3227:
3217:
3204:
3191:
3140:Journal of Historical Geography
3131:
3108:
3073:
2989:
2953:
2875:
769:
765:1940–1948: Andrew Park Mitchell
697:1937 map of Jerusalem, 1:10,000
473:, and the northern part of the
269:survey and mapping of Palestine
3624:. Inst for Palestine Studies.
3442:. Routledge. pp. 97–102.
2845:
2799:
2772:
537:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
411:(G.S.G.S.), together with the
387:Prior to the beginning of the
1:
3759:Atlas of Palestine, 1917–1966
3410:(1942). "Maps of Palestine".
3253:doi:10.1017/S0003598X00027988
3224:doi:10.1017/S0035869X00088602
2683:
607:
450:
3388:Journal of Palestine Studies
744:
627:Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem
428:cadastral survey of the land
405:Sinai and Palestine campaign
286:in 1931. It established the
7:
3739:. Oxford University Press.
3672:10.1179/sre.1968.19.148.251
3599:Horovitz, Yechiel (Hilik).
2666:
545:Israeli Ministry of Defense
10:
3916:
3802:National Library of Israel
3333:, p. 100-101: "...as
2750:Weaver, Alain Epp (2014).
328:
256:the successor organization
18:
3880:National mapping agencies
3850:10.1179/sre.1938.4.28.362
3821:The Question of Palestine
3720:10.1080/03068373808730872
3696:10.1179/sre.1938.4.28.334
3645:. H.M. Stationery Office.
3582:10.1179/sre.1948.9.69.324
3558:10.1179/sre.1938.4.28.334
3533:10.1179/sre.1942.6.45.388
3424:10.1179/sre.1942.6.46.501
3152:10.1016/j.jhg.2009.04.001
962:
816:
811:
808:
595:1:500,000 motor map (see
469:sub-District, and in the
459:Land Transfer Regulations
325:Free Culture Fellowship.
3484:The Geographical Journal
3339:Land Policy in Palestine
3000:Anglo-American Committee
2678:Cartography of Jerusalem
2673:Cartography of Palestine
3875:Surveying organizations
3855:(subscription required)
3725:(subscription required)
3701:(subscription required)
3677:(subscription required)
3587:(subscription required)
3563:(subscription required)
3429:(subscription required)
498:1947–1949 Palestine war
393:PEF Survey of Palestine
3056:Gavish & Kark 1993
779:
562:
447:national triangulation
342:
273:British mandate period
3895:Old maps of Jerusalem
3844:(28): 362–380. 1938.
3776:Srebro, Haim (2009).
3540:Salmon, F.J. (1937).
2996:A Survey of Palestine
2884:TM5-248, Foreign Maps
2793:10.3366/hls.2012.0048
792:German Templar colony
777:
623:Old City of Jerusalem
557:
525:1948 Arab–Israeli War
463:hill-country of Judea
389:Mandate for Palestine
336:
3870:Geographic societies
3838:Empire Survey Review
3782:. Survey of Israel.
3684:Empire Survey Review
3570:Empire Survey Review
3521:Empire Survey Review
3412:Empire Survey Review
3080:Gavish, Dov (2010).
565:Notable publications
424:Zionist Organization
3885:Mandatory Palestine
3664:1968SurRv..19..251M
3496:1993GeogJ.159...70G
3274:, pp. 240–244.
3034:, pp. 101–102.
2950:, pp. 389–391.
2830:, pp. 388–389.
632:Historic maps (see
321:, supported by the
319:Palestine Open Maps
265:Survey of Palestine
3408:Arden-Close, C. F.
3210:Jones, A. (1937).
3179:Avi-Yonah, Michael
2919:, pp. 97–102.
780:
502:topographical maps
440:customary land law
343:
307:Atlas of Palestine
3789:978-965-91256-1-6
3768:978-0-9549034-2-8
3755:Sitta, Salman Abu
3746:978-977-416-730-0
3731:Sitta, Salman Abu
3631:978-0-88728-224-9
3470:978-0-7146-5651-9
3449:978-1-134-65361-4
3380:Abu Sitta, Salman
3335:Abraham Granovsky
3093:978-0-415-59498-1
2889:Technical Manuals
2781:Holy Land Studies
2765:978-1-4514-7012-3
2711:, pp. 73–75.
2664:
2663:
969:
968:
436:Ottoman land laws
3907:
3856:
3853:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3823:. United Nations
3812:
3810:
3808:
3793:
3772:
3750:
3726:
3723:
3702:
3699:
3678:
3675:
3658:(148): 251–255.
3646:
3635:
3611:
3605:
3588:
3585:
3564:
3561:
3536:
3515:
3474:
3453:
3430:
3427:
3403:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3275:
3269:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3208:
3202:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3175:
3169:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3018:
3012:
3006:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2849:
2843:
2840:Arden-Close 1942
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2728:. 20 August 2022
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1108:
1068:
1030:
976:
944:
937:
923:
916:
904:
897:
888:
876:
869:
857:
850:
806:
786:; they moved to
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
609:
533:Survey of Israel
452:
430:, to facilitate
403:for the 1915–18
375:
364:
353:
323:Bassel Khartabil
315:All That Remains
303:Salman Abu Sitta
292:Survey of Israel
242:
234:
225:
216:
205:
194:
183:
172:
163:
154:
145:
138:
131:
124:
117:
110:
103:
96:
89:
82:
73:
66:
57:
50:
43:
35:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3835:
3826:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3804:
3796:
3790:
3775:
3769:
3753:
3747:
3729:
3724:
3705:
3700:
3690:(28): 334–338.
3681:
3676:
3649:
3638:
3632:
3614:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3593:Further reading
3586:
3576:(69): 324–325.
3562:
3527:(45): 388–392.
3504:10.2307/3451491
3471:
3450:
3428:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3329:
3325:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3293:
3278:
3270:
3257:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3218:
3209:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3159:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3109:
3094:
3078:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3021:
3013:
3009:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2970:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2946:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2896:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2748:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2669:
974:
804:
772:
747:
717:
710:
707:
698:
695:
686:
683:
674:
671:
662:
659:
650:
647:
567:
553:
487:Zikhron Ya'akov
413:Survey of Egypt
401:Royal Engineers
397:General Allenby
385:
384:
383:
382:
378:
377:
376:
367:
366:
365:
356:
355:
354:
331:
261:
260:
259:
249:
244:
243:
236:
235:
228:
226:
219:
217:
212:
208:
206:
201:
197:
195:
190:
186:
184:
179:
175:
173:
166:
164:
157:
155:
151:
148:
146:
141:
139:
134:
132:
127:
125:
120:
118:
113:
111:
106:
104:
99:
97:
92:
90:
85:
83:
79:
76:
74:
69:
67:
63:
60:
58:
53:
51:
46:
44:
39:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3913:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3858:
3857:
3833:
3813:
3794:
3788:
3773:
3767:
3751:
3745:
3727:
3714:(4): 542–553.
3703:
3679:
3647:
3636:
3630:
3616:Khalidi, Walid
3612:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3565:
3537:
3516:
3475:
3469:
3454:
3448:
3431:
3404:
3394:(2): 101–102.
3384:"Map and Grab"
3374:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3355:
3343:
3323:
3321:, p. 390.
3311:
3309:, p. 101.
3299:
3276:
3255:
3245:
3235:
3226:
3216:
3203:
3197:Dussaud René,
3190:
3170:
3157:
3130:
3118:
3107:
3092:
3072:
3070:, p. 392.
3060:
3048:
3036:
3032:Abu Sitta 2006
3019:
3007:
2988:
2976:
2961:
2952:
2933:
2921:
2909:
2905:Abu Sitta 2006
2894:
2874:
2844:
2842:, p. 501.
2832:
2820:
2798:
2771:
2764:
2739:
2713:
2701:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
973:
970:
967:
966:
960:
959:
957:
954:
952:
950:
948:
945:
938:
930:
929:
927:
924:
917:
910:
908:
905:
898:
890:
889:
882:
880:
877:
870:
863:
861:
858:
851:
843:
842:
840:
838:
836:
833:
830:
828:
826:
823:
819:
818:
815:
813:
810:
803:
800:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
746:
743:
742:
741:
738:
735:
732:Torrens system
728:
725:
716:
713:
712:
711:
708:
701:
699:
696:
689:
687:
684:
677:
675:
672:
665:
663:
660:
653:
651:
648:
641:
638:
637:
630:
615:
600:
593:
586:
579:
576:gazetteer here
566:
563:
552:
549:
479:Jezreel Valley
380:
379:
370:
369:
368:
359:
358:
357:
348:
347:
346:
345:
344:
330:
327:
288:Palestine grid
246:
245:
237:
37:
30:
29:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3912:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3652:Survey Review
3648:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3478:Gavish, Dov;
3476:
3472:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3347:
3340:
3337:explained in
3336:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3319:Mitchell 1942
3315:
3308:
3303:
3297:, p. 48.
3296:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3249:
3243:29 May 2020.
3239:
3230:
3220:
3213:
3207:
3200:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3128:, p. 33.
3127:
3122:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3069:
3068:Mitchell 1942
3064:
3057:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3016:
3015:H. B. T. 1948
3011:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2985:
2984:H. B. T. 1948
2980:
2973:
2972:H. B. T. 1948
2968:
2966:
2956:
2949:
2948:Mitchell 1942
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2841:
2836:
2829:
2828:Mitchell 1942
2824:
2808:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2767:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2744:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2697:Mitchell 1942
2693:
2689:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
978:
977:
965:
961:
958:
955:
953:
951:
949:
946:
943:
939:
936:
932:
931:
928:
925:
922:
918:
915:
911:
909:
906:
903:
899:
896:
892:
891:
887:
881:
878:
875:
871:
868:
864:
862:
859:
856:
852:
849:
845:
844:
841:
839:
837:
834:
831:
829:
827:
824:
821:
820:
814:
807:
799:
797:
796:this 1930 map
793:
789:
785:
776:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
748:
739:
736:
733:
729:
726:
722:
721:
720:
705:
700:
693:
688:
681:
676:
669:
664:
657:
652:
645:
640:
639:
635:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
613:
605:
601:
598:
594:
591:
587:
584:
580:
577:
573:
569:
568:
561:
556:
551:Land disputes
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:Gaza District
468:
464:
460:
455:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
374:
363:
352:
340:
335:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:Walid Khalidi
308:
304:
301:; notably in
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
257:
253:
248:
241:
233:
232:
224:
223:
215:
214:
204:
203:
193:
192:
182:
181:
171:
170:
162:
161:
153:
144:
137:
130:
123:
116:
109:
102:
95:
88:
81:
80:Tel Aviv
72:
65:
56:
49:
42:
34:
26:
22:
3841:
3837:
3825:. Retrieved
3820:
3805:. Retrieved
3801:
3778:
3758:
3735:
3711:
3707:
3687:
3683:
3655:
3651:
3641:
3620:
3607:
3573:
3569:
3552:(1): 33–42.
3549:
3545:
3524:
3520:
3490:(1): 70–80.
3487:
3483:
3459:
3439:
3415:
3411:
3391:
3387:
3373:Bibliography
3358:
3346:
3338:
3326:
3314:
3302:
3248:
3238:
3229:
3219:
3206:
3193:
3183:
3173:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3121:
3110:
3082:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3010:
2995:
2991:
2979:
2955:
2924:
2912:
2883:
2877:
2865:. Retrieved
2856:
2847:
2835:
2823:
2811:. Retrieved
2801:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2755:
2730:. Retrieved
2725:
2716:
2704:
2692:
963:
781:
770:Headquarters
718:
558:
554:
518:
514:
495:
458:
456:
444:
417:
386:
318:
314:
306:
296:
277:
264:
262:
251:
230:
221:
210:
199:
188:
177:
168:
159:
25:
3418:(46): 501.
3363:Gavish 2005
3351:Essaid 2013
3331:Essaid 2013
3307:Essaid 2013
3295:Gavish 2005
3272:Gavish 2005
3126:Salmon 1937
3044:Essaid 2013
2929:Essaid 2013
2917:Essaid 2013
2863:. 1880–1984
2787:: 225–227.
2709:Gavish 2005
271:during the
3864:Categories
3480:Kark, Ruth
2684:References
547:archives.
409:War Office
252:italicized
3400:0377-919X
3102:632081415
2732:20 August
784:Gaza City
745:Directors
612:Beersheba
510:West Bank
475:Beersheba
143:Beersheba
108:Jerusalem
3757:(2010).
3733:(2016).
3618:(1992).
3382:(2006).
3146:(1): 9.
2726:Heritage
2667:See also
947: 3
926: 2
907: 2
879: 1
860: 1
817:1:2,500
809:1:10,000
574:, and a
529:Tel Aviv
284:Tel Aviv
213:Tzenifim
129:Dead Sea
71:Nazareth
3660:Bibcode
3608:fig.net
3512:3451491
3492:Bibcode
3004:260–262
956:
812:1:5,000
496:By the
329:History
222:Yotvata
180:Haarava
160:Nitsana
62:Zikhron
41:Metulla
3827:2 June
3807:2 June
3786:
3765:
3743:
3628:
3510:
3467:
3446:
3398:
3100:
3090:
2867:13 May
2813:2 June
2762:
539:, the
535:, the
422:, the
122:Hebron
87:Nablus
64:Yaaqov
3604:(PDF)
3508:JSTOR
788:Jaffa
506:Negev
491:Yibna
483:Haifa
467:Jaffa
280:Jaffa
231:Eilat
178:Nahal
169:Ovdat
152:Usdum
150:Jebel
136:Rafah
101:Ramle
94:Yibna
78:Jaffa
55:Safad
48:Haifa
3829:2020
3809:2020
3784:ISBN
3763:ISBN
3741:ISBN
3626:ISBN
3465:ISBN
3444:ISBN
3396:ISSN
3392:XXXV
3098:OCLC
3088:ISBN
2869:2022
2815:2020
2760:ISBN
2734:2022
724:1925
634:here
619:here
604:here
597:here
590:here
583:here
572:here
543:and
445:The
309:and
263:The
202:Omer
191:Lotz
115:Gaza
3846:doi
3716:doi
3692:doi
3668:doi
3578:doi
3554:doi
3529:doi
3500:doi
3488:159
3420:doi
3148:doi
2789:doi
2400:10
2320:11
2240:12
2155:13
2075:14
1995:15
1915:16
1840:17
1765:18
1690:19
1615:20
1540:21
1465:22
1390:23
1315:24
1245:25
1175:26
1115:27
1075:28
1035:29
489:to
399:'s
313:'s
305:'s
275:.
211:Har
200:Har
189:Har
3866::
3840:.
3819:.
3800:.
3712:25
3710:.
3686:.
3666:.
3656:19
3654:.
3606:.
3572:.
3550:69
3548:.
3544:.
3523:.
3506:.
3498:.
3486:.
3438:.
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