476:(symbolizing devotion) in her hand. This final act over Emily's body underscores "their shared life, their deep and complex intimacy" and that they both anticipated a "postmortem resurrection" of that intimacy. Besides swaddling her beloved friend's body for burial, Susan penned Emily's obituary, a loving portrayal of a strong, brilliant woman, devoted to family and to her neighbors, and to her writing, for which she had the most serious objectives and highest ambitions. Though "weary and sick" at the loss of her dearest friend, Susan produced a piece so powerful that Higginson wanted to use it as the introduction to the 1890 Poems . Susan concludes the obituary pointing readers' attentions to Emily as writer, and to the fact that her words would live on. Among her daughter Martha's papers is evidence that these same four lines were used again in a Dickinson ceremony, perhaps to conclude Susan's own funeral:
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534:. Arguing for republication of Spofford's early work, she quotes "my sister-in-law, Emily Dickinson" as an authority, reiterating the latter's delighted reader's response—"That is the only thing I ever saw in my life I did not think I could have written myself. You stand nearer the world than I do. Send me everything she writes"—and quoting Dickinson's declaration, "for love is stronger than death", in her own critique of Prescott's "Circumstance". In
422:
681:
Crickets / sang / And set the / Sun", and "The Sun kept low as an oven" recalls the "Stooping as low as the / kitchen window – " of "Blazing in Gold – and / Quenching – in Purple!" and "The sun kept stooping – stooping – low." Their correspondence was a creative wellspring for Susan as well as for Emily—on Susan's copy of "The
Crickets / sang / And Set the / Sun" are several lines of Susan's response to Emily's work, recounting a few lines from
680:
Drafts of her "Oh" and "A Dirge" ("Feb/95") are recorded in her
Florentine commonplace book. Though more conventional in form than Emily's, Susan's poems attend to many of the same subjects–"There are autumn days of the Spring" distinctly echoes both "These are the days when Birds come back" and "The
411:
Susie, will you indeed come home next
Saturday, and be my own again, and kiss me ... I hope for you so much, and feel so eager for you, feel that I cannot wait, feel that now I must have you—that the expectation once more to see your face again, makes me feel hot and feverish, and my heart beats so
392:
The importance of
Dickinson's relationship with Susan has widely been overlooked due to a point of view first promoted by Mabel Loomis Todd, who was involved for many years in a relationship with Austin Dickinson and who diminished Susan's role in Dickinson's life due to her own poor relationship
586:
Susan
Dickinson was criticized for not seeing Emily's poems published. In the 1890 letter to Higginson, Susan described how she had imagined a volume of Emily's writings with "many bits of her prose-passages from early letters quite surpassing the correspondence of Gunderodi with Bettine . . .
278:
Susan
Huntington Gilbert Dickinson was viewed as the "most graceful woman in Western Massachusetts", "astute and cosmopolitan", as well as "The Power" increasingly given to "frivolity, snobbery, and ruthlessness". She was known as a "sensitive editor" who was Emily Dickinson's "most responsive
2034:” Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. 1830-1886. Poems: Packet IV, Fascicle 8. Includes 20 poems, written in ink, dated ca. 1860. Houghton Library - (16a, b) I have never seen 'Volcanoes' -, J175, Fr165; Dust is the only Secret -, J153, Fr166. Publication History.
385:. Emily appears to have valued Susan's opinions about writing and reading. On Emily's "Safe in their Alabaster Chambers", Susan wrote that the first verse was so compelling that "I always go to the fire and get warm after thinking of it, but I never can again;" a few years later,
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with her lover's wife. However, the notion of a "cruel" Susan—as promoted by her romantic rival—has been questioned, most especially by Susan and Austin's surviving children, with whom
Dickinson was close. Many scholars interpret the relationship between Emily and Susan as a
530:—"A Hole in Haute Society" (August 2, 1908), "The Passing of Zoroaster" (March 1910), and "The Circus Eighty Years Ago" (early 1900s). In January 1903, writing from Rome, Susan published a lengthy review of "Harriet Prescott's Early Work" as a letter to the editor of the
215:, the youngest of six children born to Thomas and Harriet (Arms) Gilbert. She was orphaned by the time she was eleven years old, after her mother died in 1837 and her father in 1841. Gilbert lived with her aunt, Sophia (Arms) Van Vranken, in
595:. Susan's outline for the volume shows that she would not have divided the poems into the conventional categories of "Life", "Love", "Time and Eternity", and "Nature" but would have emphasized poetry's integration with quotidian experience.
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She was affectionately called "Dollie" by Emily, and characterized as an "Avalanche of Sun", a "breath from
Gibraltar" uttering "impregnable syllables", "Domingo" in spirit, and "Imagination" itself whose words are of "Silver genealogy."
230:. Their marriage in the Van Vranken home on July 1, 1856, was "a quiet wedding" with "very few friends and brothers & sisters, a little cake–a little ice cream." Although the young couple contemplated moving to
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had written "create a soul", Susan wrote "create a seal", perhaps because she was recalling the lines from memory or revising them a bit. And, upside down, Susan added a few lines from Scott's
Redgauntlet:
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In a March 1891 letter to Ward, she elaborated on her vision for such a volume which would also include Emily's "illustrations", "showing her witty humorous side, which has all been left out" of the 1890
464:
Susan's enactment of simple ritual for profound utterance is perhaps best displayed in the simple flannel robe she designed and in which she dressed Emily for death, laying her out in a white casket,
538:, a typescript that was not published until the 1980s, Susan praises Prescott's "Pomegranate Flowers" at the outset, then proceeds to describe an Evergreens life rich in cultural exchange, reading
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Susan
Dickinson's handwritten manuscript of her poem "One asked, when was the grief." The poem was likely written after the death of her youngest son Thomas (Gib) Gilbert Dickinson. Courtesy of
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Susan Dickinson wrote essays, reviews, journals, poems, letters, and memorials constantly throughout her life. She also produced commonplace books and scrapbooks of her own publications in the
1984:." Writing on first, second, third pages. H 325. JP 1104. FP 1104. OMC 122. mid-1860s. ink. gilt-edged. watermark/embossment: I, Paris, embossed. 15.5 x 10 cm. folded in thirds.
223:, Massachusetts, with her sister Harriet and brother-in-law William Cutler. In Amherst, she attended Utica Female Academy and Amherst Academy for one semester in the fall of 1847.
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Susan Dickinson's writing suggests she had a profound appreciation of nature. She favored landscape paintings depicting the splendors of the natural world. In the Evergreens,
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2181:, 1960, rev. by Shirley Bock, Doris Dickinson, and Dan Fitzpatrick, 2005. Logtown is described in the Belchertown Town History as being later known as Dwight Station.
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ensured they would stay in Amherst by making Austin a law partner and building the couple a made-to-order house, the Evergreens, on a lot next door to the Dickinson
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paraphrased Emily's critical commentary, echoing Susan's –"If I read a book it makes my whole body so cold no fire ever can warm me I know that is poetry. . ."
242:. A generous dowry from Susan's brothers helped furnish the Evergreens, a fashionable home with oak sideboards and a green marble fireplace adorned with
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Besides publishing critical pieces and stories, Susan published at least one poem, "Love's Reckoning", in the Republican, and wrote quite a few others:
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191:(December 19, 1830 – May 12, 1913) was an American writer, poet, traveler, and editor. She was a lifelong friend and sister-in-law of poet
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425:"Wild Nights – Wild Nights!" (here published as "VII") by Emily Dickinson. The movie, Wild Nights with Emily, is named after this piece.
754:. In the 1880s, she spent almost every Sabbath for six years establishing a Sunday school in Logtown, a poor village in present-day
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reader", a "remarkably perceptive... mentor of some standing" who supposedly refused to edit Emily's poems for publication.
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743:(1856) bears Susan's name on the back, and in one of her manuscript poems, she wrote -"I'm waiting but the cows not back."
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often described her love for Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson. In various letters, Emily compared her love for Susan to
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1443:. Ellen Louise Hart, Martha Nell Smith, Cairns Collection of American Women Writers. Ashfield, Massachusetts.
1161:. Cairns Collection of American Women Writers. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 201, 219.
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feelings." She quotes from many of their letters, including one from 1852 in which Dickinson proclaims,
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The Evergreens, home of Susan and Austin Dickinson, contributed by the Emily Dickinson Museum of Amherst
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quaint bits to my children. . . Of course I should have forestalled criticism by only printing them."
1997:” (F321A, J228). Originally in Packet XXIII, Fascicle 13 (part), dated ca. 1861. First published in
381:'s for Stella, and Mirabeau's for Sophie de Ruffey, and compared her tutelage with Susan to one with
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30:
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fast ... my darling, so near I seem to you, that I disdain this pen, and wait for a warmer language.
203:
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1967:
1687:"Susan and Emily Dickinson: their lives, in letters" in The Cambridge Companion to Emily Dickinson
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1965:
Dickinson, Emily. “These are the days when Birds come back –” This draft: Poem, ca. autumn 1859.
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987:""Reverence for each Other Being the Sweet Aim:" Dickinson Face to Face with the Masculine"
8:
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Open me carefully : Emily Dickinson's intimate letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson
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2017:), with the revision adopted and with readings incorporated from Higginson’s copy (
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445:, one of the first scholars to theorize that Susan was the love of Emily's life.
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1588:"'Wild Nights With Emily' Review: Emily Dickinson as Romantic Comedy Heroine"
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Collections Database: Five Colleges and Historic Deerfield Museum Consortium
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1265:"Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson, 1830–1913: A brief account of her life"
1192:"Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson, 1830–1913: A brief account of her life"
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2058:(1914), 111, as two eight-line stanzas, from the copy to Susan Dickinson (
1661:"Emily Dickinson Didn't Really Get High on Opium at a House Party, Right?"
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2054:(1981), 141-42, in facsimile. (J175). Franklin Variorum 1998 (F165A).
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2021:). Courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
2001:(29 February 1864), 3, from the lost manuscript (); reprinted in the
1949:"Writings by Susan Dickinson: Correspondence with William Hayes Ward"
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1759:. 1997. Online. A critical edition of previously unpublished papers.
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1889:"Veiled Ladies: Dickinson, Bettine, and Transcendental Mediumship"
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The relationship between Emily and Susan is portrayed in the film
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Lena Koski wrote, "Dickinson's letters to Gilbert express strong
1755:, Lauth, Laura, and Lara Vetter. “Writings by Susan Dickinson.”
1516:"Sexual Metaphors in Emily Dickinson's Letters to Susan Gilbert"
896:"A Mind of One's Own: Delving into the world of Emily Dickinson"
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1390:"I am not suited / dear Emily | Dickinson Electronic Archives"
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Late in her life, Susan turned increasingly to the rituals of
441:. Both depictions were heavily influenced by the research of
1500:
Longenbach, James. (June 16, 2010.) "Ardor and the Abyss".
1620:"The Surreal TV Show That Rewrote Emily Dickinson's Story"
776:"Emily Dickinson's Electric Love Letters to Susan Gilbert"
2089:), in facsimile. (J153). Franklin Variorum 1998 (F166B).
519:, as well as of clippings about admired figures such as
211:
Susan Huntington Gilbert was born December 19, 1830, in
1563:"The Latest Emily Dickinson Movie Is a Lesbian Romance"
2131:
Voloshin, Beverly R.; Armand, Barton Levi St. (1985).
938:"Martha Dickinson (Mattie) Bianchi (1866–1943), niece"
2133:"Emily Dickinson and her Culture: The Soul's Society"
1863:
Dickinson, Susan. "Annals of the Evergreens." Box 9.
1041:"Emily Dickinson and her Culture: The Soul's Society"
1488:
Emily Dickinson: American authors and critics series
962:"Thomas Gilbert (Gib) Dickinson (1875–1883), nephew"
718:
1640:"Why 'Dickinson' kept Hailee Steinfeld up at night"
2013:(1891), 166, as two quatrains, from the fascicle (
1968:Amherst College Archives & Special Collections
1847:"Harriet Prescott's [Spofford] Early Work"
456:According to Dickinson scholar Martha Nell Smith,
2260:People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
1724:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 135.
2221:
1924:"Writings by Susan Dickinson: A Brief Biography"
794:"February 26 – March 4, 1862: Sue – White Heat"
562:, and entertaining many distinguished visitors—
259:Susan and Austin Dickinson had three children:
2210:Susan Dickinson Page at Emily Dickinson Museum
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1415:"The Immense Intimacy, the Intimate Immensity"
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637:“The days when smiles over tears will prevail”
266:Martha (Mattie or Mopsy) Dickinson (1866–1943)
1126:. Univ. of Mass. Pr. 1985. pp. 44, 131.
810:
731:, 1856. Oil on canvas, Emily Dickinson Museum
582:Susan's involvement with Emily's publications
914:"Edward (Ned) Dickinson (1861–1898), nephew"
893:
472:(symbolizing faithfulness) at her neck, two
286:
1995:Blazing in Gold – and Quenching – in purple
51:American writer, poet, traveler, and editor
15:
1886:
1690:. Cambridge University Press. p. 70.
1471:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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291:
269:Thomas (Gib) Gilbert Dickinson (1875–1883)
219:, until the late 1840s. She then lived in
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2032:The Sun kept stooping -- stooping -- low!
1490:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 21.
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1092:. Harvard University Press. p. 110.
811:Anderson, Charles R.; Leyda, Jay (1961).
646:"There are the autumn days of the Spring"
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813:"The Years and Hours of Emily Dickinson"
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24:This is an accepted version of this page
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1980:Dickinson, Susan. Poems (1896), 130, "
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665:“Irony” (or “Crushed before the Moth”)
2120:Dickinson Papers. Harvard University.
2104:Dickinson Papers. Harvard University.
2038:(1945), 252-53, from a transcript of
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526:She published several stories in the
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2255:People from Deerfield, Massachusetts
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629:"I'm waiting but she comes not back"
153:
2285:20th-century American women writers
2275:19th-century American women writers
1893:Studies in the American Renaissance
642:“When death with his white fingers”
354:From out the wide night’s numbers –
48:
1427:
1123:Dickinson strategies of limitation
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263:Edward (Ned) Dickinson (1861–1898)
189:Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson
60:Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson
49:
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719:Natural and spiritual inspiration
1887:St. Armand, Barton Levi (1987).
1721:Dickinson, the anxiety of gender
1413:Hirsch, Edward (27 April 2023).
624:“One asked, when was the grief?”
603:
451:
2265:Women in the American Civil War
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487:Fluttering first, then firmer,
332:Which shortened all the miles –
308:One came the road that I came –
149:
1659:Handler, Rachel (2019-11-06).
1089:The passion of Emily Dickinson
954:
930:
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877:"Emily Dickinson: The Recluse"
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670:“Minstrel of the passing days”
435:and explored in the TV series
310:And wore my last year’s gown –
299:One Sister have I in the house
13:
1:
2280:19th-century American writers
2200:Dickinson Electronic Archives
2007:Springfield Weekly Republican
1953:Dickinson Electronic Archives
1928:Dickinson Electronic Archives
1851:Dickinson Electronic Archives
1828:"The Circus Eighty Years Ago"
1775:Dickinson Electronic Archives
1757:Dickinson Electronic Archives
1561:Fuller, Graham (2017-06-25).
761:
660:“Of June, and her belongings”
330:I held her hand the tighter –
312:The other, as a bird her nest
2118:”. H bMS Am 1118.95, Box 9.
2003:Springfield Daily Republican
326:Today is far from childhood,
317:She did not sing as we did –
226:In 1853, she was engaged to
213:Old Deerfield, Massachusetts
88:Old Deerfield, Massachusetts
7:
2300:20th-century American poets
2195:Writings by Susan Dickinson
1790:"A Hole in Haute Society 1"
1684:Smith, Martha Nell (2002).
1520:The Emily Dickinson Journal
1158:The life of Emily Dickinson
1155:Sewall, Richard B. (1994).
991:The Emily Dickinson Journal
894:Porter Brown, Nell (2020).
859:"Protecting the Evergreens"
614:Writings by Susan Dickinson
485:Noons like these she rose,
483:Morns like these we parted;
400:The Emily Dickinson Journal
303:There’s only one recorded –
10:
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2270:Writers from Massachusetts
1809:"The Passing of Zoroaster"
1718:Pollak, Vivian R. (1984).
1586:Bugbee, Teo (2019-04-11).
1504:. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
1370:archive.emilydickinson.org
1346:archive.emilydickinson.org
1313:archive.emilydickinson.org
1289:archive.emilydickinson.org
1244:archive.emilydickinson.org
1220:archive.emilydickinson.org
985:Shoobridge, Helen (2000).
750:and considered becoming a
675:“Valentines Day” (H Box 9)
387:Thomas Wentworth Higginson
328:But up and down the hills,
1486:Pickard, John B. (1967).
1437:Dickinson, Emily (1998).
633:"The Sun always kept low"
598:
345:Mouldered this many May –
319:It was a different tune –
314:Builded our hearts among.
287:Susan and Emily Dickinson
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2230:American Anglo-Catholics
2179:Belchertown Town History
2005:(30 March 1864), 6, and
727:John Frederick Kensett,
698:under the ribs of death
694:and took in strains that
536:Annals of the Evergreens
352:I chose this single star
31:latest accepted revision
1037:Armand, Barton Levi St.
339:Deceives the Butterfly;
292:Epistolary relationship
198:
2250:Anglo-Catholic writers
2205:Emily Dickinson Museum
1394:www.emilydickinson.org
1196:Emily Dickinson Museum
1035:Voloshin, Beverly R.;
966:Emily Dickinson Museum
942:Emily Dickinson Museum
918:Emily Dickinson Museum
758:not far from Amherst.
732:
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528:Springfield Republican
516:Springfield Republican
509:Susan Dickinson's work
432:Wild Nights with Emily
426:
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323:As Bumble bee of June.
321:Herself to her a music
305:But both belong to me.
208:
105:Amherst, Massachusetts
2100:Eden, always eligible
1832:The Sunday Republican
1813:The Sunday Republican
1794:The Sunday Republican
1086:Farr, Judith (2004).
1003:10.1353/edj.2000.0008
817:Modern Language Notes
726:
611:
574:, landscape designer
568:Harriet Beecher Stowe
424:
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301:And one a hedge away.
296:
252:, Gothic chairs, and
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2245:Anglo-Catholic poets
2235:American women poets
1922:Smith, Martha Nell.
1514:Koski, Lena (1996).
1263:Smith, Martha Nell.
1190:Smith, Martha Nell.
696:might create a seal
274:Public view of Susan
156:; died
2137:American Literature
2114:Dickinson, Susan. “
2098:Dickinson, Susan. "
2030:Dickinson, Emily. “
2009:(2 April 1864), 7;
1993:Dickinson, Emily. “
1628:. 24 December 2021.
1045:American Literature
782:. 10 December 2018.
709:Despair is treason
564:Ralph Waldo Emerson
489:To her fair repose.
377:love for Beatrice,
350:But took the morn –
21:Page version status
1947:Dickinson, Susan.
1877:, Cambridge, Mass.
1874:Harvard University
1845:Dickinson, Susan.
1826:Dickinson, Susan.
1807:Dickinson, Susan.
1788:Dickinson, Susan.
1769:Dickinson, Susan.
1753:Smith, Martha Nell
1648:. 5 November 2021.
1592:The New York Times
1532:10.1353/edj.0.0159
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427:
417:In popular culture
356:Sue – forevermore!
234:, Austin's father
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27:
2177:Kenney A. Dorey,
1645:Los Angeles Times
1420:Poetry Foundation
1051:(4): 23, 74, 75.
798:Dartmouth College
576:Frederick Olmsted
548:Thomas de Quincey
540:Elizabeth Barrett
443:Martha Nell Smith
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335:And still her hum
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741:Sunset with Cows
729:Sunset with Cows
572:Wendell Phillips
366:
363:
348:I spilt the dew,
343:The Violets lie,
337:The years among,
249:Cupid and Psyche
236:Edward Dickinson
228:Austin Dickinson
217:Geneva, New York
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182:(sister-in-law)
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692:I was all ear
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2050:(1960), 83.
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2018:
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1989:
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1931:. Retrieved
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1664:
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1625:The Atlantic
1623:
1614:
1603:. Retrieved
1591:
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1570:. Retrieved
1567:Culture Trip
1566:
1556:
1526:(2): 26–31.
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98:May 12, 1913
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2295:1913 deaths
2290:1830 births
2042:(a tr335).
756:Belchertown
748:High Church
715:to heaven.
703:John Milton
560:Shakespeare
474:heliotropes
466:cypripedium
383:Shakespeare
256:paintings.
2224:Categories
2102:". JL391.
1933:2023-04-27
1670:2023-04-28
1605:2023-04-28
1572:2023-04-28
1502:The Nation
1399:2024-02-23
1375:2024-02-23
1351:2024-02-23
1318:2024-02-23
1294:2024-02-23
1270:2021-12-23
1249:2024-02-23
1225:2024-02-23
1201:2021-12-23
1142:1068299380
971:2021-12-23
947:2021-12-23
923:2021-12-23
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762:References
532:Republican
405:homoerotic
112:Occupation
81:1830-12-19
2157:0002-9831
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1999:Drum Beat
1901:0149-015X
1600:0362-4331
1548:170804472
1540:1096-858X
1467:cite book
1108:411262921
1065:0002-9831
1019:170311687
1011:1096-858X
837:0149-6611
438:Dickinson
254:Victorian
240:Homestead
176:Relatives
1909:30228128
1895:: 1–51.
1740:10402763
1703:16 March
1459:39746998
1285:"H B134"
1177:31200803
1039:(1985).
650:“Hyssop”
397:one. In
395:romantic
232:Michigan
168:Children
35:reviewed
2165:2926372
1982:Evening
1771:"Poems"
1665:Vulture
1342:"H B95"
1309:"H B51"
1240:"H B89"
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845:3039981
470:violets
375:Dante's
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655:“Amor”
599:Poetry
558:, and
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132:Spouse
124:editor
118:Writer
2161:JSTOR
2064:Poems
2044:Poems
2011:Poems
1905:JSTOR
1544:S2CID
1069:JSTOR
1015:S2CID
841:JSTOR
687:Comus
593:Poems
379:Swift
160:)
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2153:ISSN
1897:ISSN
1736:OCLC
1726:ISBN
1705:2019
1692:ISBN
1596:ISSN
1536:ISSN
1473:link
1455:OCLC
1445:ISBN
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1163:ISBN
1138:OCLC
1128:ISBN
1104:OCLC
1094:ISBN
1061:ISSN
1007:ISSN
833:ISSN
685:'s "
542:and
468:and
199:Life
158:1895
154:1856
121:poet
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