169:, the daughter of William Fairhurst, a journalist and Methodist lay preacher, and his wife, Miriam Sutherland. Her mother died when she was six years old. Shortly afterwards she became alienated from her father after he married the nurse who had attended her mother during her illness. Aged 15, she was removed from Bolton Secondary School by her father because she had converted to atheistic socialism; her father refused to speak to her for 2 years. She stayed at home with her stepmother until she was 22. She was first apprenticed to a photographer and then she began her teaching career as a governess for an English family.
286:
1629:
40:
231:. The school fostered the individual development of children. Children were given greater freedom and were supported rather than punished. The teachers were seen as observers of the children who were seen as research workers. Her work had a great influence on early education and made play a central part of a child's education. Isaacs strongly believed that play was the child's work.
875:
153:. She published studies on the intellectual and social development of children and promoted the nursery school movement. For Isaacs, the best way for children to learn was by developing their independence. She believed that the most effective way to achieve this was through play, and that the role of adults and early educators was to guide children's play.
220:. She was initially enthusiastic for Jean Piaget's theories on the intellectual development of young children, though she later criticised his schemas for stages of cognitive development, which were not based on the observation of the child in their natural environment, unlike her own observations at Malting House School.
930:
However, Isaacs was not in favour of uncontrolled self-expression: rather, she stressed the importance in child development of the internalisation of what she called the “good-strict” parent – one able to control the child's instincts, and prevent their unrestrained force from harming self or other.
918:
Isaacs argued that it is important to develop children's skills to think clearly and exercise independent judgement. Developing a child's independence is beneficial to their development as an individual. She saw parents as the primary educators, and institutionalised care for children under the age
950:
phantasies exert a continuous influence throughout life, both in normal and neurotic people”, adding that in the analytic situation “the patient's relation to his analyst is almost entirely one of unconscious phantasy”. Her statement has however been criticised as a kind of 'pan-instinctualism',
922:
Thus play should be viewed as children's work, and social interaction is an important part of play and learning. The emotional needs of children are also very important and symbolic and fantasy play could be a release for a child's feelings. "What imaginative play does, in the first place is to
923:
create practical situations which may often then be pursued for their own sake, and this leads on to actual discovery or to verbal judgment and reasoning". The role of the adults, then, is to guide children's play, but on the whole they should have freedom to explore. Her book
257:, University of London, where she established an advanced course in child development for teachers of young children. Her department had a great influence on the teaching profession and encouraged the profession to consider psychodynamic theory with developmental psychology.
919:
of seven as potentially damaging. Children learned best through their own play. "For Isaacs, play involves a perpetual form of experiment ... 'at any moment, a new line of inquiry or argument might flash out, a new step in understanding be taken'".
1086:
The
Cambridge Evacuation Survey. A wartime study in social welfare and education. Edited by Susan Isaacs with the co-operation of Sibyl Clement Brown & Robert H. Thouless. Written by Georgina Bathurst, Sibyl Clement Brown ,
1125:
805:
176:. Isaacs then transferred to a degree course and graduated in 1912 with a first class degree in Philosophy. She was awarded a scholarship at the Psychological Laboratory in
1679:
1207:"Does Early Childhood Education in England for the 2020s Need to Rediscover Susan Isaacs: Child of the Late Victorian Age and Pioneering Educational Thinker?"
1689:
1064:, Evans with the University of London, Institute of Education, (London ) (First published as Section II of the 1935 volume of the Year Book of Education).
1674:
671:
306:
1659:
999:
Isaacs developed cancer in 1935 and struggled with ill health for the rest of her life. She was still able to go on a tour of
Australia and
1719:
813:
1121:
Collections of Isaacs personal papers can be found in the
Archives of the Institute of Education, University of London, (Ref: DC/SI)
905:
786:
1539:
608:
1599:
1136:
1699:
1664:
1622:
1704:
1465:
Hall, J S (2000). "Psychology and
Schooling: the impact of Susan Isaacs and Jean Piaget on 1060s science education reform".
200:
in 1921, becoming a full member in 1923. She began her own practice that same year. She later underwent brief analysis with
1714:
1654:
597:
1709:
1694:
980:
818:
1019:
1515:
1338:
823:
939:
799:
651:
197:
1669:
794:
740:
691:
661:
631:
621:
17:
1428:
898:
735:
587:
1684:
1012:
976:
371:
126:
177:
212:'s new ideas on infancy. Isaacs also helped popularise the works of Klein, as well as the theories of
1163:
935:
760:
311:
341:
301:
173:
931:
She also was one of the first to review and challenge Jean Piaget's stages of child development.
891:
750:
269:
254:
110:
1611:
1574:
Measuring the mind: psychological theory and educational controversy in
England, c.1860-c.1990
1403:
1618:
968:
858:
725:
715:
162:
67:
1328:
1018:
She died from cancer on 12 October 1948, aged 63. There are several portraits of her in the
1649:
1644:
984:
943:
843:
556:
331:
224:
172:
In 1907, Isaacs enrolled to train as a teacher of young children (5 to 7-year-olds) at the
942:, Isaacs presented an influential position paper of 1943 setting out the Kleinian view of
8:
366:
1628:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1507:
1490:
641:
336:
446:
1511:
1482:
1334:
1238:
1206:
979:, a botany lecturer. A year later they moved to London where she became tutor to the
972:
879:
566:
326:
285:
951:
over-simplifying the full range and scope of phantasy to a purely instinctual aim".
466:
1544:
1494:
1474:
1218:
848:
755:
561:
541:
441:
193:
947:
765:
526:
1593:
1588:
Susan Isaacs papers at the
Institute of Education, University of London Archives
1129:
1548:
1158:
1148:
991:(1895–1966), a metals trader who collaborated with his wife in her later work.
853:
745:
720:
551:
546:
521:
506:
481:
431:
416:
376:
277:
1534:
253:
In 1933, she became the first Head of the Child
Development Department at the
1638:
1223:
988:
536:
511:
501:
476:
456:
321:
228:
217:
209:
189:
150:
1478:
1132:
1486:
1353:
1105:
681:
486:
471:
436:
426:
421:
411:
406:
361:
356:
346:
316:
205:
146:
1504:
Churchill's Iceman: The True Story of
Geoffrey Pyke: Genius, Fugitive, Spy
1427:
1268:
1249:
1587:
1386:
1293:
1122:
1000:
730:
516:
496:
461:
213:
1011:
which studied the effect of evacuation on children. She was awarded the
959:
Isaacs embarked upon a series of lectures in infant school education at
242:, replying to readers' problems in several child care journals, notably
1526:
To
Understand and to help: the life and work of Susan Isaacs, 1884–1948
1153:
960:
451:
235:
166:
142:
71:
1168:
1128:); the Archives of the British Psychoanalytical Society (Ref PE/ISA)
1004:
531:
491:
381:
201:
1135:); and the British and Foreign School Society (BFSS) Archive Centre
1173:
386:
1269:"Comparisons in Early Years Education: History, Fact, and Fiction"
1612:
Likenesses of Susan
Sutherland Isaacs, National portrait gallery
196:(1884–1955). She became an associate member of the newly formed
1074:
The Social Development of Young Children: A Study of Beginnings
351:
1070:, University of London, Institute of Education, (London, 1932)
39:
964:
1605:
204:
and in 1927 she submitted herself to further analysis with
1368:
1366:
1600:
British and Foreign School Society (BFSS) Archive Centre
227:
in Cambridge, which is an experimental school founded by
1619:"Archival material relating to Susan Sutherland Isaacs"
1363:
1093:
Childhood & After. Some essays and clinical studies
983:(WEA) and, from 1916, lectured in psychology at the
1404:"Susan Sutherland Isaacs (1885–1948), Psychologist"
1458:Susan Isaacs: A Life Freeing the Minds of Children
208:, to get personal experience and understanding of
23:British educational psychologist and psychoanalyst
1080:Child Guidance. Suggestions for a clinic playroom
1636:
1594:Archives of the British Psychoanalytical Society
1186:
1562:
1528:. London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
1294:"Institute of Education Papers of Susan Isaacs"
672:The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis
133:; 24 May 1885 – 12 October 1948; also known as
1250:Susan Sutherland Isaacs, Psychoanalytikerinnen
1062:The psychological aspects of child development
1680:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
987:. In 1922, she divorced Brierley and married
899:
1433:Psychoanalytikerinnen. Biografisches Lexikon
1095:, Routledge & Kegan Paul (London, 1948).
1068:The children we teach: seven to eleven years
1690:Academics of the UCL Institute of Education
1076:, Routledge and Kegan Paul, (London, 1933).
223:Between 1924 and 1927, she was the head of
156:
1627:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1104:"The Nature and Function of Phantasy", in
1052:, Routledge and Kegan Paul, (London, 1930)
1044:The biological interests of young children
906:
892:
814:International Psychoanalytical Association
1571:
1222:
1050:The Intellectual Growth of Young Children
16:For other people named Susan Isaacs, see
1576:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1429:"Susan Isaacs née Fairhurst (1885-1948)"
1606:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1540:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1501:
1446:
1255:
1082:, Child Guidance Council (London, 1936)
188:Isaacs also trained and practised as a
1675:Schoolteachers from Greater Manchester
1637:
1535:"Isaacs, Susan Sutherland (1885–1948)"
1455:
1326:
180:and gained a master's degree in 1913.
1532:
1523:
1330:Intellectual Growth in Young Children
1273:Early Childhood Research and Practice
1192:
1058:, Routledge & Sons (London, 1930)
925:Intellectual Growth in Young Children
1660:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
1464:
1266:
1204:
808:Psychoanalytic Training and Research
598:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
192:after analysis by the psychoanalyst
1198:
994:
819:World Association of Psychoanalysis
234:Between 1929 and 1940, she was an '
13:
1720:20th-century British psychologists
1116:
307:Psychosocial development (Erikson)
14:
1731:
1581:
824:List of schools of psychoanalysis
1099:Troubles of children and parents
981:Workers' Educational Association
940:British Psychoanalytical Society
873:
800:British Psychoanalytical Society
652:Civilization and Its Discontents
284:
198:British Psychoanalytical Society
38:
1396:
1379:
1110:Developments in Psycho-Analysis
1101:, Methuen Press, (London, 1948)
1089:, Methuen Press (London, 1941).
1034:, Methuen Press, (London, 1921)
1025:
1347:
1320:
1307:
1286:
806:Columbia University Center for
795:British Psychoanalytic Council
692:The Sublime Object of Ideology
662:The Mass Psychology of Fascism
95:Susan S. Brierley, Ursula Wise
1:
1700:Deaths from cancer in England
1665:British educational theorists
1563:"Dr Susan Isaacs: Obituary".
1447:Gardner, Dorothy E M (1969).
1374:The Poetics of Psychoanalysis
1315:The Poetics of Psychoanalysis
1180:
1003:in 1937; and after moving to
946:. There she maintained that “
632:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
622:Psychology of the Unconscious
18:Susan Isaacs (disambiguation)
1705:20th-century English writers
1040:, Routledge, (London, 1929).
954:
588:The Interpretation of Dreams
7:
1715:British women psychologists
1655:Developmental psychologists
1567:. November 1948. p. 1.
1543:. Oxford University Press.
1406:. National Portrait Gallery
1141:
1112:Hogarth Press (London 1952)
1056:Behaviour of Young Children
1009:Cambridge Evacuation Survey
1007:in 1939, she conducted the
977:William Broadhurst Brierley
260:
161:Isaacs was born in 1885 in
10:
1736:
1710:20th-century women writers
1695:Analysands of Joan Riviere
1572:Woolridge, Adrian (1994).
1421:
1032:Introduction to Psychology
927:explains her perspective.
609:Three Essays on the Theory
178:Newnham College, Cambridge
54:Susan Sutherland Fairhurst
15:
1565:National Froebel Bulletin
1524:Smith, Lydia A H (1985).
1164:Early childhood education
1020:National Portrait Gallery
936:Controversial discussions
787:Boston Graduate School of
238:' under the pseudonym of
183:
116:
106:
99:
91:
79:
49:
37:
30:
1451:. London: Methuen Press.
1393:(Penguin 1972) pp. 19–21
1224:10.3390/genealogy3030039
302:Psychosexual development
174:University of Manchester
157:Early life and education
1533:Pines, Malcolm (2004).
1502:Hemming, Henry (2014),
1479:10.1080/004676000284436
1456:Graham, Philip (2008).
1358:Man, Morals and Society
975:. In 1914, she married
123:Susan Sutherland Isaacs
32:Susan Sutherland Isaacs
1670:British psychoanalysts
1549:10.1093/ref:odnb/51059
1376:(Oxford 2005), p. 100
255:Institute of Education
111:Educational psychology
1267:Drummond, Mary Jane.
1205:Hood, Philip (2019).
969:Manchester University
963:Training College; in
880:Psychology portal
859:Psychoanalytic theory
1623:UK National Archives
1467:History of Education
1317:(Oxford 2005), p. 97
985:University of London
971:; and psychology at
844:Child psychoanalysis
332:Id, ego and superego
270:a series of articles
225:Malting House School
367:Countertransference
44:Susan Isaacs, 1910s
1685:People from Turton
1508:Preface Publishing
1327:Isaacs, S (1930).
709:Schools of thought
642:The Ego and the Id
145:-born educational
973:London University
916:
915:
400:Important figures
327:Psychic apparatus
244:The Nursery World
135:Susan S. Brierley
120:
119:
101:Scientific career
1727:
1631:
1626:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1529:
1520:
1498:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1400:
1394:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1360:(1973) pp. 117–8
1351:
1345:
1344:
1324:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1264:
1253:
1247:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1133:online catalogue
1126:online catalogue
995:Cancer and death
908:
901:
894:
878:
877:
876:
849:Depth psychology
751:Object relations
697:
687:
677:
667:
657:
647:
637:
627:
616:
603:
593:
288:
265:
264:
194:John Carl Flugel
92:Other names
86:
63:
61:
42:
28:
27:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1635:
1634:
1617:
1584:
1553:
1551:
1518:
1460:. Karnac Books.
1437:
1435:
1424:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1391:Self and Others
1384:
1380:
1371:
1364:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1265:
1256:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1144:
1119:
1117:Personal papers
1028:
997:
957:
912:
874:
872:
865:
864:
863:
838:
830:
829:
828:
810:
807:
791:
788:
780:
772:
771:
770:
766:Self psychology
741:Intersubjective
710:
702:
701:
700:
695:
685:
675:
665:
655:
645:
635:
625:
617:
614:
610:
601:
591:
581:
580:Important works
573:
572:
571:
457:Freud (Sigmund)
401:
393:
392:
391:
296:
263:
248:Home and School
186:
159:
84:
83:12 October 1948
75:
65:
59:
57:
56:
55:
45:
33:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1733:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1633:
1632:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1583:
1582:External links
1580:
1579:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1530:
1521:
1516:
1499:
1473:(2): 153–170.
1462:
1453:
1444:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1395:
1378:
1372:Mary Jacobus,
1362:
1346:
1339:
1319:
1313:Mary Jacobus,
1306:
1285:
1254:
1237:
1197:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1159:Psychodynamics
1156:
1151:
1149:Psychoanalysis
1145:
1143:
1140:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1024:
996:
993:
956:
953:
914:
913:
911:
910:
903:
896:
888:
885:
884:
883:
882:
867:
866:
862:
861:
856:
854:Psychodynamics
851:
846:
840:
839:
836:
835:
832:
831:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
804:
802:
797:
792:
789:Psychoanalysis
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
769:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
721:Ego psychology
718:
712:
711:
708:
707:
704:
703:
699:
698:
688:
678:
668:
658:
648:
638:
628:
618:
606:
604:
594:
583:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
570:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
281:
280:
278:Psychoanalysis
274:
273:
262:
259:
185:
182:
158:
155:
118:
117:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
87:(aged 63)
81:
77:
76:
66:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1732:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1517:9781848094437
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1340:0-415-20991-9
1336:
1333:. Routledge.
1332:
1331:
1323:
1316:
1310:
1295:
1289:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:Nursery Years
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
989:Nathan Isaacs
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
952:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
928:
926:
920:
909:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
889:
887:
886:
881:
871:
870:
869:
868:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
834:
833:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
809:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
790:
784:
783:
776:
775:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
736:Interpersonal
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
706:
705:
694:
693:
689:
684:
683:
679:
674:
673:
669:
664:
663:
659:
654:
653:
649:
644:
643:
639:
634:
633:
629:
624:
623:
619:
613:
612:
605:
600:
599:
595:
590:
589:
585:
584:
577:
576:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
397:
396:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
322:Consciousness
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
292:
291:
287:
283:
282:
279:
276:
275:
271:
267:
266:
258:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
229:Geoffrey Pyke
226:
221:
219:
218:Sigmund Freud
215:
211:
210:Melanie Klein
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:psychoanalyst
181:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
154:
152:
151:psychoanalyst
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
115:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
82:
78:
73:
69:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
19:
1573:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1538:
1525:
1503:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1449:Susan Isaacs
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:
1408:. Retrieved
1398:
1390:
1381:
1373:
1357:
1354:J. C. Flugel
1349:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1272:
1228:. Retrieved
1214:
1210:
1200:
1188:
1120:
1109:
1106:Joan Riviere
1098:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1026:Publications
1017:
1008:
998:
958:
933:
929:
924:
921:
917:
690:
682:Anti-Oedipus
680:
670:
660:
650:
640:
630:
620:
611:of Sexuality
607:
596:
586:
452:Freud (Anna)
362:Transference
347:Introjection
337:Ego defenses
317:Preconscious
252:
247:
243:
239:
233:
222:
206:Joan Riviere
187:
171:
160:
147:psychologist
138:
134:
130:
122:
121:
100:
85:(1948-10-12)
25:
1650:1948 deaths
1645:1885 births
1438:2 September
1387:R. D. Laing
1022:in London.
1001:New Zealand
948:Unconscious
934:During the
312:Unconscious
240:Ursula Wise
214:Jean Piaget
139:Ursula Wise
64:24 May 1885
1639:Categories
1385:Quoted in
1299:12 October
1217:(39): 39.
1193:Pines 2004
1181:References
1154:Psychology
1015:in 1948.
961:Darlington
761:Relational
372:Resistance
342:Projection
236:agony aunt
167:Lancashire
143:Lancashire
72:Lancashire
60:1885-05-24
1211:Genealogy
1169:Parenting
1005:Cambridge
955:Marriages
562:Winnicott
542:Spielrein
522:Laplanche
442:Fairbairn
382:Dreamwork
202:Otto Rank
131:Fairhurst
74:, England
1487:19127698
1174:Pedagogy
1142:See also
1046:, (1929)
944:phantasy
837:See also
779:Training
756:Reichian
731:Lacanian
716:Adlerian
557:Sullivan
552:Strachey
507:Kristeva
482:Jacobson
477:Irigaray
467:Guattari
447:Ferenczi
432:Chodorow
387:Cathexis
295:Concepts
268:Part of
261:Approach
141:) was a
1495:8088372
1422:Sources
1278:30 June
1230:29 June
938:of the
746:Marxist
726:Jungian
437:Erikson
407:Abraham
1554:3 June
1514:
1493:
1485:
1410:3 July
1337:
696:(1989)
686:(1972)
676:(1964)
666:(1933)
656:(1930)
646:(1923)
636:(1920)
626:(1912)
615:(1905)
602:(1901)
592:(1899)
547:Stekel
527:Mahler
472:Horney
427:Breuer
417:Balint
377:Denial
352:Libido
184:Career
163:Turton
107:Fields
68:Turton
1491:S2CID
1108:ed.,
965:logic
567:Žižek
537:Reich
517:Laing
512:Lacan
502:Klein
497:Kohut
487:Jones
462:Fromm
412:Adler
357:Drive
129:(née
1556:2007
1512:ISBN
1483:PMID
1440:2017
1412:2008
1335:ISBN
1301:2009
1280:2008
1232:2021
1087:etc.
532:Rank
492:Jung
422:Bion
246:and
216:and
149:and
80:Died
50:Born
1545:doi
1475:doi
1219:doi
1013:CBE
967:at
137:or
127:CBE
1641::
1621:.
1537:.
1510:,
1506:,
1489:.
1481:.
1471:29
1469:.
1431:.
1389:,
1365:^
1356:,
1271:.
1257:^
1240:^
1213:.
1209:.
1138:.
272:on
250:.
165:,
125:,
70:,
1625:.
1614:.
1608:.
1602:.
1596:.
1590:.
1558:.
1547::
1497:.
1477::
1442:.
1414:.
1343:.
1303:.
1282:.
1252:.
1234:.
1221::
1215:3
1195:.
1131:(
1124:(
907:e
900:t
893:v
62:)
58:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpeg)