40:
632:
31:
1373:
1120:
4277:
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907:
1426:
times, or during an infusion occurring over too much time, but can also occur during an initial bolus if the plasma cholinesterase is abnormal
Desensitization may occur at the nerve terminal causing the myocyte becomes less sensitive to acetylcholine, resulting in the membrane repolarizing and being unable be depolarized again for a period of time.
967:
The vials are usually stored at a temperature between 2–8 °C, but issues have been reported with lower storage temperatures. The multi-dose vials are stable for up to 14 days at room temperature without significant loss of potency. Unless otherwise indicated in the prescribing information, room
1425:
While this phase is not abnormal and is a part of its mechanism of action, it is undesirable during surgery, due to the inability to depolarize the cell again. Often, patients must be on a ventilator for hours if Phase 2 block occurs. It generally occurs when suxamethonium is administered multiple
1260:
If unrecognized by a clinician it could lead to awareness if anesthesia is discontinued whilst still paralyzed or hypoxemia (and potentially fatal consequences) if artificial ventilation is not maintained. Normal treatment is to maintain sedation and ventilate the patient on an intensive care unit
1244:
The normal short duration of action of suxamethonium is due to the rapid metabolism of the drug by non-specific plasma cholinesterases. However, plasma cholinesterase activity is reduced in some people due to either genetic variation or acquired conditions, which results in a prolonged duration of
1502:
was first to describe succinylcholine induced paralysis. The clinical introduction of suxamethonium was described in 1951 by several groups. Papers published by
Stephen Thesleff and Otto von Dardel in Sweden are important but also to be mentioned is work by Bruck, Mayrhofer and Hassfurther in
1534:
agents with the use of suxamethonium chloride injection. Entering Dubai under false passports in 2010, the Mossad agents found al-Mabhouh at a hotel, immobilized him with the drug, electrocuted him, and suffocated him with a pillow. A high concentration of suxamethonium chloride was found in
963:
and the duration of effect is usually in the range of a few minutes. When plasma levels of butyrylcholinesterase are greatly diminished or an atypical form is present (an otherwise harmless inherited disorder), paralysis may last much longer, as is the case in liver failure or in neonates.
1515:
murdered his wife
Shannon by injecting her with suxamethonium chloride during a horseback ride, and then smacking her head on a nearby rock, causing her to die of suffocation. Davis selected the drug due to its dissolving and becoming undetectable after having been absorbed.
1245:
neuromuscular block. Genetically, ninety six percent of the population have a normal (Eu:Eu) genotype and block duration; however, some people have atypical genes (Ea, Es, Ef) which can be found in varying combinations with the Eu gene, or other atypical genes (see
1274:
in the 1960s and 1970s in some prison and institutional settings. This use was discontinued after negative publicity concerning the terrifying effects on subjects of this treatment and ethical questions about the punitive use of painful aversion.
1249:). Such genes will result in a longer duration of action of the drug, ranging from 20 minutes up to several hours. Acquired factors that affect plasma cholinesterase activity include pregnancy, liver disease, kidney failure,
2473:
1066:, and its effects may cause considerable psychological distress while simultaneously making it impossible for a patient to communicate. Therefore, administration of the drug to a conscious patient is contraindicated.
1620:
1090:.The increase is transient in otherwise healthy patients. The normal range of potassium is 3.5 to 5 mEq per liter. High blood potassium does not generally result in adverse effects below a concentration of 6.5 to 7
1343:
independent of repolarization (depolarization signaling and muscle contraction are independent processes). As the calcium is taken up by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the muscle relaxes. This explains muscle
3175:
711:
262:
1094:
per liter. Therefore, the increase in serum potassium level is usually not catastrophic in otherwise healthy patients. Severely high blood levels of potassium can cause changes in
1267:, a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug, is also metabolized via the same route with a similar clinical effect in patients deficient in plasma cholinesterase activity.
2489:
3818:
1230:
sodium is usually initiated; dantrolene and the avoidance of suxamethonium administration in susceptible people have markedly reduced the mortality from this condition.
1226:, or when a family member develops the symptoms. There is no simple, straightforward test to diagnose the condition. When MH develops during a procedure, treatment with
4254:
1336:
above threshold, it does not allow the muscle cell to repolarize. When acetylcholine binds to an already depolarized receptor, it cannot cause further depolarization.
933:, where endotracheal intubation may need to be completed very quickly. The latter means that, should attempts at endotracheal intubation fail and the person cannot be
3168:
4342:
3378:
4249:
217:
3161:
918:, in addition to general anesthesia, to facilitate tracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
929:. It is popular in emergency medicine due to its rapid onset and brief duration of action. The former is a major point of consideration in the context of
4297:
3523:
769:
2112:"Guidelines for the Storage of Essential Medicines and Other Health Commodities: 3. Maintaining the Quality of Your Products: Controlling temperature"
3503:
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125:
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2528:
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1019:, potentially resulting in cardiac arrest. Conditions having susceptibility to suxamethonium-induced high blood potassium are burns,
2111:
1704:
Lee C, Katz RL (March 2009). "Clinical implications of new neuromuscular concepts and agents: so long, neostigmine! So long, sux!".
1332:
Suxamethonium has a longer duration of effect than acetylcholine, and is not hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase. By maintaining the
3685:
1852:
776:
3958:
1390:
1141:
1675:
1646:
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al-Mabhouh's body post-mortem. The incident triggered significant diplomatic crises in the Middle East, Europe, and
Australia.
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2422:
2050:
891:
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1827:
162:
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Suxamethonium was first discovered in 1906 by Reid Hunt and René de M. Taveau. When studying the drug, animals were given
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1523:
3195:
2298:
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and thus they missed the neuromuscular blocking properties of suxamethonium. Instead in 1949 an
Italian group led by
1412:
1167:
745:
1149:
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2733:
4322:
2596:
1246:
1239:
395:
247:
143:
2176:"Succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia in acquired pathologic states: etiologic factors and molecular mechanisms"
3618:
3214:
2521:
1394:
1145:
1195:, and regulate body temperature, eventually leading to circulatory collapse and death if not treated quickly.
1028:
480:
833:. When used in a vein, onset of action is generally within one minute and effects last for up to 10 minutes.
1183:(MH) from suxamethonium administration can result in a drastic and uncontrolled increase in skeletal muscle
4244:
2561:
2551:
872:
753:
InChI=1S/C14H30N2O4.2ClH/c1-15(2,3)9-11-19-13(17)7-8-14(18)20-12-10-16(4,5)6;;/h7-12H2,1-6H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
531:
4327:
3308:
1592:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
1082:. A typical increase of potassium ion serum concentration on administration of suxamethonium is 0.5
611:
4267:
3632:
3358:
3228:
2248:
Reimringer MJ, Morgan SW, Bramwell PF (1970). "Succinylcholine as a modifier of acting-out behavior".
945:
in people without contraindications due to its faster onset of action and shorter duration of action.
600:
364:
4337:
4317:
3040:
2514:
1918:
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The results are membrane depolarization and transient fasciculations, followed by flaccid paralysis.
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822:
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1130:
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1383:
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until muscle function has returned. Blood testing for cholinesterase function can be performed.
135:
3637:
2708:
2703:
2658:
1315:
1180:
980:
937:, there is a prospect for neuromuscular recovery and the onset of spontaneous breathing before
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580:
4203:
4152:
4113:
3134:
2965:
2718:
2601:
1349:
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976:
960:
915:
890:
Suxamethonium was described as early as 1906 and came into medical use in 1951. It is on the
471:
337:
1450:
melts at 190 °C. It is highly soluble in water (1 gram in about 1 mL), soluble in
4198:
4063:
4043:
3883:
3828:
3743:
3533:
2995:
2698:
2688:
2643:
2633:
2622:
2556:
2457:
2267:
1326:
1215:
1184:
540:
520:
2115:
1554:
It is available in German-speaking countries under the trade name
Lysthenon among others.
860:. It is not recommended in people who are at risk of high blood potassium or a history of
8:
4213:
4098:
4083:
4018:
3613:
2693:
2683:
2653:
2638:
2591:
1512:
1079:
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818:
435:
426:
343:
206:
631:
39:
4302:
4133:
4073:
3983:
3908:
3803:
3788:
3778:
3187:
2906:
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2663:
2399:
2374:
2205:
1972:
1947:
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1333:
1199:
1020:
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837:
814:
173:
22:
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2404:
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2192:
2175:
2156:
2093:
2046:
2018:
2013:
1996:
1977:
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1721:
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Phase 1 blocking has the principal paralytic effect. Binding of suxamethonium to the
1044:
286:
274:
30:
3722:
3718:
3646:
1325:
dissociates from the receptor following depolarization and is rapidly hydrolyzed by
1270:
Deliberate induction of conscious apnea using this drug led to its use as a form of
4093:
3903:
3798:
3670:
3233:
3209:
3105:
2394:
2386:
2338:
2209:
2187:
2083:
2008:
1967:
1963:
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1926:
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1713:
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1016:
884:
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312:
230:
57:
2506:
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1307:
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3650:
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2152:
1819:
3928:
3578:
3373:
3318:
2853:
2343:
2326:
2072:"Frozen succinylcholine: the danger of being overzealous with its cold storage"
1717:
1539:
1303:
1254:
1218:(CCD), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized both by MH symptoms and by
1211:
1192:
1103:
1004:
984:
3654:
2390:
4291:
4208:
4038:
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3948:
3898:
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3783:
3753:
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3528:
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3278:
3070:
3060:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2876:
2833:
2818:
2799:
2758:
2375:"Suxamethonium-the development of a modern drug from 1906 to the present day"
1875:
1479:
1467:
1459:
1353:
1322:
1250:
880:
830:
299:
210:
2362:(20th ed.). Remington: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1336.
1074:
The side effect of high blood potassium may occur because the acetylcholine
4123:
4053:
4048:
3963:
3773:
3763:
3714:
3695:
3493:
3413:
3403:
3120:
2979:
2950:
2813:
2808:
2542:
2201:
2160:
2097:
2022:
1981:
1948:"Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation"
1923:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
1725:
1499:
996:
988:
876:
853:
225:
2441:"Succinylcholine, A Perfect Poison, Makes Appearance in the Dubai Killing"
2408:
4228:
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3933:
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3838:
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3453:
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3115:
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3025:
2942:
2914:
2828:
2823:
2088:
2071:
1946:
Tran DT, Newton EK, Mount VA, Lee JS, Wells GA, Perry JJ (October 2015).
1463:
1000:
968:
temperature for storage of medications is 15–25 °C (59–77 °F).
930:
845:
826:
1931:
500:
4188:
4168:
4128:
4103:
4068:
4058:
4003:
3993:
3988:
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3953:
3918:
3873:
3868:
3848:
3833:
3793:
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3690:
3675:
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3418:
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3353:
3313:
3298:
3142:
3110:
3080:
3065:
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3035:
2896:
2886:
2871:
2861:
2472:
Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang MP (2020).
1820:"Anectine Injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)"
1757:
1571:
1455:
1397: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1345:
1264:
1227:
1223:
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1063:
942:
934:
922:
687:
511:
4028:
4023:
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3728:
3513:
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3293:
3288:
3243:
3020:
2891:
2881:
2838:
2039:
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G (25 March 2011).
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1447:
1443:
1340:
1207:
1012:
938:
865:
810:
446:
374:
129:
1372:
1119:
1078:
is propped open, allowing continued flow of potassium ions into the
4182:
4108:
3923:
3913:
3733:
3488:
3478:
3438:
3433:
3423:
3388:
3338:
3333:
3238:
3085:
3075:
3000:
2932:
2866:
2843:
2583:
2423:"Dubai Hit: Police Say They Know How Mahmoud al-Mabhouh Was Killed"
1567:
1219:
1048:
1036:
1024:
861:
560:
491:
157:
1198:
Susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia is often inherited as an
809:
in medical abbreviation, is a medication used to cause short-term
710:
4178:
4158:
3738:
3709:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3442:
3328:
3263:
3258:
3095:
2742:
1874:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1483:
1451:
1435:
1311:
1052:
347:
921:
Its medical uses are limited to short-term muscle relaxation in
3768:
3588:
3398:
3183:
2580:
1531:
1495:
1471:
1299:
1188:
1040:
1032:
1011:, an injection of suxamethonium can lead to a large release of
841:
591:
379:
1283:
There are two phases to the blocking effect of suxamethonium.
99:
4138:
2227:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Greenwich Medical Media Limited.
1527:
1519:
1087:
701:
571:
2331:
Continuing
Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain
616:
1203:
1083:
1008:
551:
93:
2045:(7th ed.). Elsevier Science Health Science Division.
3196:
2471:
2114:. apps.who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from
1917:
1743:
1599:
1091:
906:
81:
75:
66:
2247:
1935:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
1676:"Quelicin- succinylcholine chloride injection, solution"
1647:"Anectine- succinylcholine chloride injection, solution"
1503:
Austria, Scurr and Bourne in UK, and Foldes in
America.
2478:(Ninth ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier Health Sciences.
1439:
892:
3619:
3215:
2069:
1653:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 17 September 2018
4265:
1796:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1682:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 15 February 2019
1329:. The muscle cell is then ready for the next signal.
102:
90:
78:
72:
69:
63:
60:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2138:
Matzke Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologicḣ Approach
2038:
1670:
1668:
96:
84:
2536:
1584:
1454:(1 gram in about 350 mL), slightly soluble in
479:
87:
2324:
1945:
1853:"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: December 22, 2020"
1257:, and cancer, as well as a number of other drugs.
2307:
1847:
1845:
1665:
1639:
4289:
2222:
2173:
2135:
1187:. This overwhelms the body's capacity to supply
948:Suxamethonium is also commonly used as the sole
925:and intensive care, usually for facilitation of
459:
2579:
2272:"A Bit of 'Clockwork Orange,' California-Style"
2225:Pharmacology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
1747:(2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.).
434:
4114:Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate)
2458:Compendium.ch: LYSTHENON 2% Inj Lös 100 mg/5ml
2327:"Pharmacology of neuromuscular blocking drugs"
2070:Dewachter P, Mouton-Faivre C (February 2016).
1842:
1295:receptor results in opening of the receptor's
4343:World Health Organization essential medicines
4255:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
3169:
2522:
2034:
2032:
1889:"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database"
1751:. World Health Organization. pp. 426–8.
956:, favoured for its short duration of action.
4250:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
2144:
2063:
1988:
1530:operative, was carried out on their soil by
959:Suxamethonium is quickly degraded by plasma
161:
2366:
2325:Appiah-Ankam J, Hunter JM (February 2004).
2266:
1952:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1474:groups. It can also be viewed as a central
1210:receptor gene (RYR1). MH susceptibility is
1202:disorder, for which there are at least six
1148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4298:Chemical substances for emergency medicine
3176:
3162:
2529:
2515:
2150:
2029:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1206:of interest, the most prominent being the
1007:. In people with neuromuscular disease or
825:. It is administered by injection, either
630:
519:
38:
29:
3201:Tooltip Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
2398:
2342:
2191:
2140:(6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 685.
2087:
2012:
1971:
1930:
1756:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1699:
1697:
1562:It is sometimes used in combination with
1413:Learn how and when to remove this message
1168:Learn how and when to remove this message
1109:
999:and changes in cardiac rhythm, including
879:type. It works by blocking the action of
848:, and rash. Serious side effects include
539:
3744:Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide)
2288:
2174:Martyn JA, Richtsfeld M (January 2006).
1621:"Product monograph brand safety updates"
1339:Calcium is removed from the muscle cell
905:
2372:
2357:
2059:from the original on 10 September 2017.
1911:
1775:
1703:
1466:compound. The compound consists of two
626:
499:
4290:
3624:Tooltip negative allosteric modulators
3220:Tooltip positive allosteric modulators
2136:DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC (2005).
1893:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
1732:
1694:
1278:
914:Succinylcholine chloride injection is
280:
3157:
2510:
2223:Peck TE, Hill SA, Williams M (2003).
1925:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1899:from the original on 20 December 2016
1830:from the original on 20 December 2016
1800:from the original on 21 December 2016
599:
579:
293:
152:
134:
2360:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy
1438:substance. Aqueous solutions have a
1434:Suxamethonium is an odorless, white
1395:adding citations to reliable sources
1366:
1146:adding citations to reliable sources
1113:
875:family of medications and is of the
229:
1994:
1524:assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh
1470:molecules that are linked by their
559:
450:
13:
1542:(1988–1998), and in the murder of
1446:melts at 160 °C, whereas the
1098:, which, if severe, can result in
894:. Suxamethonium is available as a
733:..O=C(OCC(C)(C)C)CCC(=O)OCC(C)(C)C
14:
4354:
3829:Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine)
1859:(Press release). 22 December 2020
1857:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
1557:
868:appears to be safe for the baby.
256:
184:
4275:
3185:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
2193:10.1097/00000542-200601000-00022
2014:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05873.x
1869:
1371:
1362:
1286:
1118:
910:A vial of suxamethonium chloride
671:
665:
659:
369:< 10 min (IV), 10–30 min (IM)
56:
4209:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
3534:Suxethonium (succinyldicholine)
3529:Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)
2465:
2451:
2433:
2415:
2351:
2282:
2260:
2241:
2216:
2167:
2129:
2104:
1939:
1881:
1458:, and practically insoluble in
1382:needs additional citations for
1247:Pseudocholinesterase deficiency
1240:Pseudocholinesterase deficiency
1069:
1058:Suxamethonium does not produce
971:
901:
797:, among others), also known as
758:Key:YOEWQQVKRJEPAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
1964:10.1002/14651858.CD002788.pub3
1812:
1613:
1574:and immobilization of horses.
1549:
1522:authorities declared that the
989:high blood levels of potassium
941:occurs. It may be better than
677:
653:
269:
1:
4333:Quaternary ammonium compounds
4245:Receptor/signaling modulators
3899:Hexamethonium (benzohexonium)
1577:
1538:It was used by serial killer
2475:Rang and Dale's Pharmacology
2042:Rang and Dale's Pharmacology
1429:
1222:. MH is usually unmasked by
836:Common side effects include
817:. This is done to help with
359:30–60 sec (IV), 2–3 min (IM)
7:
4313:Lethal injection components
3979:Methorphan (racemethorphan)
3309:Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
2293:. New York: Mason/Charter.
1486:moieties, one on each end.
1321:In normal skeletal muscle,
1214:and genetically related to
10:
4359:
3359:Dimethylphenylpiperazinium
2153:"Succinylcholine Chloride"
2151:Hager HH, Burns B (2022).
1794:"Succinylcholine Chloride"
1718:10.1016/j.jcrc.2008.08.009
1489:
1237:
643:Chemical and physical data
120:Quelicin, Anectine, others
4237:
4151:
3612:
3208:
3194:
3133:
2988:
2959:
2941:
2923:
2905:
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2798:
2789:
2767:
2756:Polyalkylene derivatives:
2732:
2610:
2570:
2550:
2391:10.1017/S0025727300041132
2373:Dorkins HR (April 1982).
1919:World Health Organization
1745:World Health Organization
1096:cardiac electrophysiology
1039:, severe intra-abdominal
954:electroconvulsive therapy
823:electroconvulsive therapy
766:
741:
721:
699:
686:
647:
642:
610:
590:
570:
550:
530:
510:
490:
470:
445:
425:
391:
386:
373:
363:
353:
329:
319:
311:
246:
241:
216:
198:
172:
142:
124:
114:
51:
46:
37:
28:
4219:Phosphatidylethanolamine
2344:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkh002
1997:"Goodbye suxamethonium!"
1749:WHO Model Formulary 2008
1706:Journal of Critical Care
1511:In 1980, David Davis of
1506:
1302:channel; a disorganized
1233:
871:Suxamethonium is in the
3999:Morphanol (racemorphan)
3939:Laudexium (laudolissin)
3349:Desformylflustrabromine
1293:nicotinic acetylcholine
1029:Guillain–Barré syndrome
939:low blood oxygen levels
927:endotracheal intubation
417:-trimethylethanaminium)
4323:Neuromuscular blockers
2769:ACh release inhibitors
2651:intermediate duration:
1316:sarcoplasmic reticulum
1181:Malignant hyperthermia
1110:Malignant hyperthermia
983:, muscle pains, acute
981:malignant hyperthermia
911:
850:malignant hyperthermia
787:Suxamethonium chloride
23:Suxamethonium chloride
4204:Glycerophosphocholine
2620:ultra-short duration:
1462:. Suxamethonium is a
1314:is released from the
961:butyrylcholinesterase
909:
873:neuromuscular blocker
4199:Dimethylethanolamine
4064:Rapacuronium bromide
4044:Pipecuronium bromide
3884:Gantacurium chloride
3844:Dizocilpine (MK-801)
3429:MEM-63,908 (RG-3487)
3379:Ethoxysebacylcholine
2996:Arbaclofen placarbil
2689:Dimethyltubocurarine
2597:Dimethyltubocurarine
2289:Sansweet RJ (1975).
1995:Lee C (March 2009).
1895:. 16 December 2016.
1824:www.medicines.org.uk
1391:improve this article
1327:acetylcholinesterase
1216:central core disease
1185:oxidative metabolism
1142:improve this section
338:pseudocholinesterase
4214:Phosphatidylcholine
4099:Threohydrobupropion
4084:Stercuronium iodide
4019:Pancuronium bromide
2743:Choline derivatives
2552:Peripherally acting
2291:The Punishment Cure
1826:. 12 January 2016.
1513:Hillsdale, Michigan
1279:Mechanism of action
1080:extracellular fluid
993:ocular hypertension
819:tracheal intubation
344:succinylmonocholine
289:(Prescription only)
265:(Prescription only)
25:
4328:Nicotinic agonists
4134:Vecuronium bromide
4074:Rocuronium bromide
3984:Methyllycaconitine
3909:Hydroxynorketamine
3804:Dextropropoxyphene
3789:Dehydronorketamine
3779:Dacuronium bromide
2907:Nonbenzodiazepines
2612:4° ammonium agents
2358:Gennaro A (2000).
2089:10.1093/bja/aev465
2007:(Suppl 1): 73–81.
1334:membrane potential
1200:autosomal dominant
1021:closed head injury
912:
896:generic medication
858:allergic reactions
838:low blood pressure
815:general anesthesia
365:Duration of action
21:
4263:
4262:
4224:Phosphorylcholine
4162:
4147:
4146:
3944:Levacetylmethadol
3824:Dihydrochandonium
3704:sodium thiopental
3374:Ethanol (alcohol)
3151:
3150:
3129:
3128:
2785:
2784:
2750:(Succinylcholine)
2728:
2727:
2485:978-0-7020-7448-6
2250:Clinical Medicine
2052:978-0-7020-3471-8
1423:
1422:
1415:
1178:
1177:
1170:
784:
783:
712:Interactive image
612:CompTox Dashboard
297:
284:
272:
260:
188:
155:
16:Chemical compound
4350:
4338:Succinate esters
4318:Muscle relaxants
4280:
4279:
4278:
4271:
4156:
4094:Thiocolchicoside
3904:Hydroxybupropion
3799:Dextromethorphan
3671:Allopregnanolone
3625:
3621:
3524:Suberyldicholine
3234:6-Chloronicotine
3221:
3217:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3106:Thiocolchicoside
2961:Anticholinergics
2925:Thienodiazepines
2796:
2795:
2791:Centrally acting
2721:(Hexafluorenium)
2577:
2576:
2572:Non-depolarizing
2568:
2567:
2539:muscle relaxants
2531:
2524:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2488:. Archived from
2469:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2322:
2305:
2304:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2270:(5 April 1972).
2264:
2258:
2257:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2195:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2016:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1958:(10): CD002788.
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1773:
1772:
1760:
1741:
1730:
1729:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1596:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1588:
1564:pain medications
1442:of about 4. The
1418:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1375:
1367:
1272:aversion therapy
1173:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1122:
1114:
1017:skeletal muscles
885:skeletal muscles
780:
779:
772:
714:
694:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
635:
634:
620:
618:
603:
583:
563:
543:
523:
503:
483:
463:
453:
452:
438:
341:
302:
295:
292:
282:
279:
271:
268:
258:
255:
233:
186:
183:
165:
154:
151:
138:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
42:
33:
26:
24:
20:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4276:
4274:
4266:
4264:
4259:
4233:
4155:
4143:
3749:Chlorisondamine
3623:
3616:
3608:
3219:
3212:
3200:
3190:
3182:
3152:
3147:
3135:Directly acting
3125:
2984:
2975:Cyclobenzaprine
2966:Antimuscarinics
2963:
2955:
2937:
2919:
2901:
2854:Benzodiazepines
2848:
2781:
2777:Botulinum toxin
2763:
2724:
2606:
2560:
2554:
2546:
2535:
2505:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2486:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2447:. 8 March 2010.
2439:
2438:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2379:Medical History
2371:
2367:
2356:
2352:
2323:
2308:
2301:
2287:
2283:
2276:Washington Post
2265:
2261:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2221:
2217:
2172:
2168:
2149:
2145:
2134:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2118:on May 25, 2011
2110:
2109:
2105:
2068:
2064:
2053:
2037:
2030:
1993:
1989:
1944:
1940:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1870:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1776:
1769:
1742:
1733:
1702:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1627:. February 2024
1619:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1560:
1552:
1544:Kathy Augustine
1509:
1492:
1432:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1388:
1376:
1365:
1308:motor end-plate
1289:
1281:
1242:
1236:
1174:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1139:
1123:
1112:
1072:
1060:unconsciousness
1001:slow heart rate
974:
950:muscle relaxant
904:
803:succinylcholine
775:
773:
770:(what is this?)
767:
762:
759:
754:
749:
748:
737:
734:
729:
728:
717:
692:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
638:
614:
606:
586:
566:
546:
526:
506:
486:
466:
449:
441:
421:
418:
404:
399:
398:
355:Onset of action
335:
321:Bioavailability
313:Pharmacokinetic
307:
300:
237:
201:
194:
175:
168:
163:Succinylcholine
59:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4356:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4308:Choline esters
4305:
4300:
4285:
4284:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:Kynurenic acid
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3723:κ-bungarotoxin
3719:α-bungarotoxin
3712:
3707:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3657:, many others)
3647:α-bungarotoxin
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3579:Tribendimidine
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Sebacylcholine
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3319:Butyrylcholine
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3203:
3192:
3191:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:long duration:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:short duration
2626:
2625:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2574:
2565:
2548:
2547:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2484:
2464:
2450:
2432:
2414:
2385:(2): 145–168.
2365:
2350:
2306:
2299:
2281:
2259:
2240:
2233:
2215:
2186:(1): 158–169.
2180:Anesthesiology
2166:
2155:. StatPearls.
2143:
2128:
2103:
2082:(2): 299–300.
2062:
2051:
2028:
1987:
1938:
1910:
1880:
1841:
1811:
1774:
1767:
1731:
1693:
1664:
1638:
1612:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1559:
1558:Use in animals
1556:
1551:
1548:
1540:Efren Saldivar
1508:
1505:
1491:
1488:
1431:
1428:
1421:
1420:
1379:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1354:fasciculations
1304:depolarization
1288:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1255:thyrotoxicosis
1235:
1232:
1193:carbon dioxide
1176:
1175:
1126:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1104:cardiac arrest
1071:
1068:
1005:cardiac arrest
985:rhabdomyolysis
973:
970:
903:
900:
782:
781:
764:
763:
761:
760:
757:
755:
752:
744:
743:
742:
739:
738:
736:
735:
732:
724:
723:
722:
719:
718:
716:
715:
707:
705:
697:
696:
690:
684:
683:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
651:
645:
644:
640:
639:
637:
636:
623:
621:
608:
607:
605:
604:
596:
594:
588:
587:
585:
584:
576:
574:
568:
567:
565:
564:
556:
554:
548:
547:
545:
544:
536:
534:
528:
527:
525:
524:
516:
514:
508:
507:
505:
504:
496:
494:
488:
487:
485:
484:
476:
474:
468:
467:
465:
464:
456:
454:
443:
442:
440:
439:
431:
429:
423:
422:
420:
419:
402:
394:
393:
392:
389:
388:
384:
383:
377:
371:
370:
367:
361:
360:
357:
351:
350:
333:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
309:
308:
306:
305:
290:
277:
266:
252:
250:
244:
243:
239:
238:
236:
235:
222:
220:
214:
213:
204:
202:administration
196:
195:
193:
192:
190:
180:
178:
170:
169:
167:
166:
148:
146:
140:
139:
132:
122:
121:
118:
112:
111:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4355:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4039:Phencyclidine
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:Nitrous oxide
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3949:Levomethadone
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3894:Hexafluronium
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:Decamethonium
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3754:Cisatracurium
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3715:Bungarotoxins
3713:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3700:pentobarbital
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3643:α-Neurotoxins
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3622:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Decamethonium
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Acetylcholine
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Methocarbamol
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Mephenoxalone
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Chlorzoxazone
3014:
3012:
3011:Chlorphenesin
3009:
3007:
3006:Chlormezanone
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:Flunitrazepam
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:Phenprobamate
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Difebarbamate
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:Carbamic acid
2797:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2759:Hexamethonium
2757:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2748:Suxamethonium
2746:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2720:
2719:Hexafluronium
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:Cisatracurium
2657:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2557:antinicotinic
2553:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2492:on 2021-05-18
2491:
2487:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2354:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2300:0-88405-118-8
2296:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2268:von Hoffman N
2263:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2234:1-84110-166-4
2230:
2226:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2132:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1876:public domain
1858:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1768:9789241547659
1764:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1626:
1625:Health Canada
1622:
1616:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:succinic acid
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:acetylcholine
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:ethyl alcohol
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1414:
1406:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1380:This section
1378:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1363:Phase 2 block
1360:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:acetylcholine
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1287:Phase 1 block
1284:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:heart failure
1248:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1169:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1127:This section
1125:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
969:
965:
962:
957:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
908:
899:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
881:acetylcholine
878:
874:
869:
867:
864:. Use during
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
831:into a muscle
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:suxamethonium
796:
792:
789:(brand names
788:
778:
771:
765:
756:
751:
750:
747:
740:
731:
730:
727:
720:
713:
709:
708:
706:
703:
698:
691:
689:
685:
652:
650:
646:
641:
633:
629:
628:DTXSID7048455
625:
624:
622:
613:
609:
602:
598:
597:
595:
593:
589:
582:
578:
577:
575:
573:
569:
562:
558:
557:
555:
553:
549:
542:
538:
537:
535:
533:
529:
522:
518:
517:
515:
513:
509:
502:
498:
497:
495:
493:
489:
482:
478:
477:
475:
473:
469:
462:
458:
457:
455:
448:
444:
437:
433:
432:
430:
428:
424:
416:
412:
408:
401:
400:
397:
390:
385:
381:
378:
376:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
356:
352:
349:
345:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
303:
291:
288:
278:
276:
267:
264:
254:
253:
251:
249:
245:
240:
232:
227:
224:
223:
221:
219:
215:
212:
211:intramuscular
208:
205:
203:
197:
191:
182:
181:
179:
177:
171:
164:
159:
150:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
117:
113:
107:
54:
52:Pronunciation
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
4124:Tubocurarine
4054:Promegestone
4049:Progesterone
3964:Mecamylamine
3774:Cyclopropane
3764:Coronaridine
3696:Barbiturates
3681:Anatruxonium
3651:α-cobratoxin
3494:Sazetidine A
3414:JNJ-39393406
3404:Ispronicline
3121:Zoxazolamine
2980:Orphenadrine
2951:Methaqualone
2943:Quinazolines
2814:Cyclarbamate
2809:Carisoprodol
2755:
2747:
2741:
2734:Depolarizing
2715:
2699:Pipecuronium
2680:
2650:
2634:Rapacuronium
2629:
2619:
2602:Tubocurarine
2494:. Retrieved
2490:the original
2474:
2467:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2417:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2359:
2353:
2334:
2330:
2290:
2284:
2275:
2262:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2224:
2218:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2146:
2137:
2131:
2120:. Retrieved
2116:the original
2106:
2079:
2076:Br J Anaesth
2075:
2065:
2041:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1932:10665/325771
1922:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1861:. Retrieved
1856:
1832:. Retrieved
1823:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1748:
1712:(1): 43–49.
1709:
1705:
1684:. Retrieved
1679:
1655:. Retrieved
1650:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1624:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
1561:
1553:
1537:
1518:
1510:
1500:Daniel Bovet
1493:
1433:
1424:
1409:
1403:October 2023
1400:
1389:Please help
1384:verification
1381:
1358:
1348:rather than
1338:
1331:
1320:
1290:
1282:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1243:
1204:genetic loci
1197:
1179:
1164:
1158:January 2020
1155:
1140:Please help
1128:
1073:
1070:Hyperkalemia
1057:
997:constipation
991:, transient
977:Side effects
975:
972:Side effects
966:
958:
947:
920:
913:
902:Medical uses
889:
877:depolarizing
870:
854:hyperkalemia
844:production,
840:, increased
835:
806:
805:, or simply
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
785:
774:
768:
414:
410:
406:
248:Legal status
242:Legal status
144:License data
18:
4229:Pirisudanol
4194:Cyprodenate
4174:Adafenoxate
4089:Surugatoxin
4079:Sevoflurane
4034:Pentolinium
4014:Norketamine
3934:Laudanosine
3864:Erythravine
3854:Encenicline
3839:Dipyrandium
3809:Dextrorphan
3655:α-conotoxin
3614:Antagonists
3599:WAY-317,538
3594:Varenicline
3584:Tropisetron
3574:Tebanicline
3519:SSR-180,711
3484:Rivanicline
3474:Pozanicline
3469:PNU-282,987
3464:PNU-120,596
3459:PHA-709,829
3454:PHA-543,613
3394:Galantamine
3369:Epiboxidine
3364:Epibatidine
3284:Altinicline
3116:Tolperisone
3101:Silperisone
3091:Promoxolane
3051:Lanperisone
3046:Inaperisone
3031:Flopropione
3026:Fenyramidol
2915:Eszopiclone
2829:Meprobamate
2824:Febarbamate
2694:Pancuronium
2623:Gantacurium
2555:(primarily
2461:(in German)
2001:Anaesthesia
1903:16 December
1863:23 December
1834:16 December
1758:10665/44053
1686:23 November
1657:23 November
1550:Brand names
1464:hygroscopic
1436:crystalline
1310:occurs and
1100:arrhythmias
1031:, cerebral
931:trauma care
846:muscle pain
827:into a vein
813:as part of
695: g·mol
581:CHEBI:61219
387:Identifiers
207:Intravenous
116:Trade names
4292:Categories
4189:Citicoline
4169:Acetyl-coA
4153:Precursors
4129:Vanoxerine
4119:Tropeinium
4104:Toxiferine
4069:Reboxetine
4059:Radafaxine
4004:Neramexane
3994:Mivacurium
3989:Metocurine
3954:Malouetine
3919:Isoflurane
3874:Fazadinium
3869:Esketamine
3849:Doxacurium
3834:Dioscorine
3794:Desflurane
3759:Coclaurine
3691:Atracurium
3676:Amantadine
3666:Alcuronium
3419:Levamisole
3409:Ivermectin
3354:Dianicline
3314:Butinoline
3299:Anatoxin-a
3188:modulators
3143:Dantrolene
3111:Tizanidine
3081:Pregabalin
3066:Metaxalone
3056:Mephenesin
3036:Gabapentin
2897:Tetrazepam
2887:Nitrazepam
2872:Clonazepam
2862:Bromazepam
2684:Doxacurium
2674:Vecuronium
2669:Rocuronium
2664:Fazadinium
2654:Atracurium
2644:Chandonium
2639:Mivacurium
2592:Alcuronium
2496:2021-05-18
2337:(1): 2–7.
2122:2020-03-10
1804:8 December
1578:References
1572:euthanasia
1456:chloroform
1352:following
1346:flaccidity
1297:monovalent
1265:Mivacurium
1238:See also:
1228:dantrolene
1224:anesthesia
1064:anesthesia
1043:, massive
943:rocuronium
935:ventilated
923:anesthesia
700:3D model (
688:Molar mass
541:J2R869A8YF
512:ChemSpider
472:IUPHAR/BPS
427:CAS Number
396:IUPAC name
331:Metabolism
4303:Chlorides
4029:Pentamine
4024:Pempidine
3974:Methadone
3969:Memantine
3889:Halothane
3879:Gallamine
3859:Enflurane
3814:Diadonium
3729:Bupropion
3514:SIB-1553A
3509:SIB-1508Y
3499:SB-206553
3324:Carbachol
3304:AR-R17779
3294:Anatabine
3289:Anabasine
3254:A-867,744
3249:A-582,941
3244:A-366,833
3021:Eperisone
2892:Temazepam
2882:Lorazepam
2839:Styramate
2716:unsorted:
2709:Gallamine
2704:Laudexium
2584:alkaloids
2562:NMJ block
2537:Skeletal
2445:Medgadget
1568:sedatives
1482:with two
1448:anhydrous
1444:dihydrate
1430:Chemistry
1341:cytoplasm
1212:phenotype
1208:ryanodine
1191:, remove
1129:does not
1102:and even
1013:potassium
916:indicated
866:pregnancy
811:paralysis
795:Sucostrin
601:ChEMBL983
375:Excretion
200:Routes of
174:Pregnancy
136:Monograph
130:Drugs.com
4282:Medicine
4241:See also
4183:lecithin
4159:prodrugs
4109:Tramadol
3959:ME-18-MC
3924:Ketamine
3914:Ibogaine
3734:BW284C51
3489:RJR-2429
3479:Pyrantel
3439:Nicotine
3434:Morantel
3424:Lobeline
3389:EVP-6124
3384:EVP-4473
3339:Cytisine
3334:Cotinine
3239:A-84,543
3210:Agonists
3086:Pridinol
3076:Phenibut
3001:Baclofen
2933:Etizolam
2867:Diazepam
2844:Tybamate
2427:ABC News
2256:(7): 28.
2202:16394702
2161:29763160
2098:26787804
2057:Archived
2023:19222434
1982:26512948
1921:(2019).
1897:Archived
1828:Archived
1798:Archived
1726:19272538
1680:DailyMed
1651:DailyMed
1631:24 March
1546:(2006).
1220:myopathy
1076:receptor
1049:myopathy
1037:drowning
1025:acidosis
979:include
862:myopathy
777:(verify)
492:DrugBank
436:306-40-1
403:2,2'-bis
218:ATC code
176:category
158:DailyMed
4179:Choline
3739:BW-A444
3717:(e.g.,
3710:BNC-210
3698:(e.g.,
3661:ABT-126
3645:(e.g.,
3604:XY-4083
3569:TC-6683
3564:TC-5619
3559:TC-5214
3554:TC-2216
3549:TC-1827
3544:TC-1734
3539:TC-1698
3449:NS-1738
3443:tobacco
3329:Choline
3274:ABT-894
3269:ABT-560
3264:ABT-418
3259:ABT-202
3096:Quinine
2409:7047939
2400:1139149
2210:4556150
1973:7104695
1490:History
1484:choline
1312:calcium
1306:of the
1150:removed
1135:sources
1053:tetanus
952:during
791:Scoline
649:Formula
501:DB00202
447:PubChem
348:choline
304:Rx-only
301:WARNING
273::
234:)
228: (
226:M03AB01
189: A
160::
4268:Portal
3769:Curare
3686:AQW051
3633:18-MAC
3589:UB-165
3399:GTS-21
3229:5-HIAA
3197:nAChRs
2802:esters
2581:Curare
2482:
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2096:
2049:
2021:
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1970:
1765:
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1605:22 Oct
1532:Mossad
1496:curare
1476:moiety
1472:acetyl
1350:tetany
1300:cation
1189:oxygen
1051:, and
1045:trauma
1041:sepsis
1033:stroke
1003:, and
842:saliva
726:SMILES
693:361.30
592:ChEMBL
561:D00766
380:Kidney
298:
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275:℞-only
261:
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4157:(and
4139:Xenon
3638:18-MC
3617:(and
3213:(and
2989:Other
2206:S2CID
1528:Hamas
1520:Dubai
1507:Abuse
1460:ether
1234:Apnea
1088:liter
1015:from
1009:burns
987:with
746:InChI
702:JSmol
572:ChEBI
521:21080
461:22475
382:(10%)
3819:DHβE
3620:NAMs
3216:PAMs
2480:ISBN
2405:PMID
2295:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2198:PMID
2157:PMID
2094:PMID
2047:ISBN
2019:PMID
1978:PMID
1956:2015
1905:2016
1865:2020
1836:2016
1806:2016
1763:ISBN
1722:PMID
1688:2020
1659:2020
1633:2024
1607:2023
1570:for
1566:and
1526:, a
1133:any
1131:cite
1086:per
1084:mmol
856:and
793:and
552:KEGG
532:UNII
481:4004
346:and
315:data
126:AHFS
3041:GHB
2543:M03
2395:PMC
2387:doi
2339:doi
2188:doi
2184:104
2084:doi
2080:116
2009:doi
1968:PMC
1960:doi
1927:hdl
1753:hdl
1714:doi
1600:FDA
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1393:by
1144:by
1092:mEq
1062:or
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883:on
829:or
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807:sux
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