582:. Since metals expand when heated and contract when cooled, cast bullets must be cast with a mold slightly larger than the desired finish size, so that as the molten metal cools, it will harden at just the right point to shrink to the desired size. In contrast, swaged bullets, since they are formed at the temperature at which they will be used, can be formed in molds of the exact desired size. This means that swaged bullets are generally more precise than cast bullets. The swaging process also leads to fewer imperfections, since voids commonly found in casting would be pressed out in the swaging process. The swaging process in reference to cold flow of metals into bullets is the process not of squeezing the metals into smaller forms but rather pressing smaller thinner items to form into shorter and slightly wider shapes.
192:
522:. A clamp attaches a mandrel and die to the tooth and the eccentric die is rotated, swaging the tip. A much earlier version of the same operation used a hardened, shaped swage die and a hand held hammer. Saw teeth formed in this way are sometimes referred to as being "set". A finishing operation, shaping, cold works the points on the tooth sides to flats. It might be considered as a side swage. This slightly reduces the tooth width but increases the operating time between "fittings". Swaging is a major advance over filing as the operation is faster, more precise and greatly extends the working life of a saw.
647:
actions. Key leads vary in size, generally small, medium, and large. Basically, key leads help to make a keyboard's touch light enough to play. Over time, fluctuations in humidity and aging of wood in piano key-sticks and underlevers causes space to develop around leads, causing them to rattle, tick, or knock. Loose leads in underlevers tend to be the most annoying to pianists because it's difficult to pinpoint where the noise (often a "tick" sound) is coming from. The remedy for the noise is swaging—squashing the leads with a short steel rod. Swaging the lead fills the void and eliminates the noise.
683:
grooves. Swaging is the generic term for setting a lockbolt and collar assembly. During the installation cycle of a lockbolt, the collar is deformed around the pin with locking grooves using special tooling. The tool engages onto the pintail, which is an extra portion of pin material protruding past the collar that the tool grabs and pulls. This force on the pintail pushes the joint together, and the conically-shaped cavity of the tooling is forced down the collar, which reduces its diameter and progressively swages the collar material into the grooves of the harder pin.
531:
bonding component (such as phosphate) is painted to the inside diameter, and molten rubber is injected into the metal sleeve. This creates a product that when cooled may be swaged to the desired size. The second reason for this is that the product is more reliable, and during the swaging process the rubber is more relaxed when the outside can to which the rubber is bonded has its diameter reduced, changing the springrate (K) values and damping coefficient (C) of the rubber. After swaging, any inconsistencies in the metal and rubber have been minimized.
410:(the shape must have a constant cross-section). Swaging a bearing into a housing means either flaring its groove's lips onto the chamfer of the housing, or flaring the housing's material over the edge of the bearing. The flaring is done with a pair of rolls that travel around the hole and are fed down into the part, deforming the metal in a controlled, predicted way. Grease is often used to lubricate this swaging process, which is also called
368:
131:
32:
643:
gives rise to floppy keys and a poor air-seal and needs to be corrected by lengthening (swedging) the hinge tube. This is a job that needs to be done by hand, and swedging pliers with highly polished oval holes in the jaws to fit common sizes of hinge tubes are often used to achieve this, though various proprietary designs of swedging tools are available to do the same job more efficiently.
73:
437:
example a three-foot (90 cm) workpiece can be inserted 12 inches (30 cm) and then the dies closed, drawn through until 12 inches (30 cm) remain and the dies are then released, the finished workpiece would then, for example, be four feet (120 cm) but still of its initial diameter for one foot (30 cm) at each end.
589:. To get high precision results, it is common to cast the bullets slightly oversized, then swage the resulting castings through a die to do the final forming. Since the amount of pressure required to size the bullet is far less than that required to form a bullet, a simple mechanical press can be used, often the same press used for
417:
A swaging machine works by using two or four split dies which separate and close. This action is achieved by mounting the dies into the machine's spindle which is rotated by a motor. The spindle is mounted inside a cage containing rollers (looks like a roller bearing). The rollers are larger than the
650:
Bass strings in pianos are generally constructed with round—sometimes hexagonal—drawn-steel cores, over which copper is wound. Especially on round core wire, the last several inches of the area where the winding terminates is often flattened—swaged—to create a grabbing point for the copper winding
682:
which connect to a nut using a turning motion, a lockbolt has annular grooves around the shaft of the bolt (pin). After placing the lockbolt in a hole, a threadless collar is forced at high pressures around the annular grooves, deforming the collar and permanently locking it into place around the
501:
Pipe flaring machines are another example. Flared pieces of pipe are sometimes known as "swage nipples", "pipe swages", or "reducing nipples". In furniture, legs made from metal tubing (particularly in commercial furniture) are often swaged to improve strength where they come in contact with the
642:
need swedging when years of key movement has worn or compressed the metal of the hinge tube they swivel on and made it slightly shorter, so that the key can travel along the rod it is mounted on instead of being held firmly between the posts attaching the rod to the body of the instrument. This
530:
When dealing with rubber components with mold bonded metal sleeves, swaging provides a more controlled and cost-effective alternative to 'shooting' the rubber part into a metal sleeve, where an intensive and less dependable secondary operation is needed to finish the product. A metal can with a
646:
In piano technology, swaging happens in several areas: key leads, underlever leads, and bass strings. Key leads which, in the piano's earliest history, were actually made using lead, are soft, round chunks that are inserted into holes drilled into the side of piano keys as a means of balancing
436:
machine. A butt swaging machine works by having sets of wedges that close the dies onto the workpiece by inserting them between the annular rollers and the dies, normally by the use of a foot pedal. A butt swaging machine can allow a workpiece to be inserted without the dies closing on it, for
596:
All of the larger manufacturers of reloading equipment have abandoned making or marketing bullet swaging equipment due to the downturn in the popularity of the manual methods and the subsequent loss of sales. Currently there are only a few die makers who manufacture and market bullet swaging
466:. Some pins have a hollow end that is pressed over by the arbor's tool to form a mushroom-shaped retaining head. Typical pin diameter range from 0.017 to 0.093 inches (0.43 mm to 2.36 mm) or larger. The swaging is an alternative or supplement to soldering.
422:, the number of rollers cause all dies to close at a time; if the number of rollers do not cause all pairs of dies to close at the same time then the machine is called a rotary forging machine, even though it is still a swaging process.
690:("pop rivets" in some regions), though the way the collar material's plastic deformation is achieved is different. Some tools are capable of "setting" both variants, as in both cases traction is applied to a sacrificial pintail.
405:
Rotary swaging is usually a cold working process, used to reduce the diameter, produce a taper, or add a point to a round workpiece. It can also impart internal shapes in hollow workpieces through the use of a
625:
In musical instrument repair the usual term on both sides of the
Atlantic is swedging, not swaging, though it is generally acknowledged that the former derives from the latter. Keyed instruments such as the
429:
swaging machine where both the spindle and cage revolve in opposite directions, this prevents the production of fins between the dies where the material being swaged grows up the gap between the dies.
418:
cage so as the spindle spins the dies are pushed out to ride on the cage by centrifugal force, as the dies cross over the rollers they push the dies together because of their larger size. On a
394:
Tubes may be tagged (reduced in diameter to enable the tube to be initially fed through the die to then be pulled from the other side) using a rotary swager, which allows them to be drawn on a
1002:
Plastic
Decorating Magazine. January/February 2003 Edition. ISSN 1536-9870. (Topeka, KS: Peterson Publications, Inc.). Section: Assembly: pages 11–12, covers Sullivan & Crawford's article.
686:
As the force required for swaging increases during the process, the installation is finalised when the pintail breaks off. Lockbolts could be viewed as a heavy-duty cousin of structural
498:
tube connector, tightening the connector's nut with a wrench swages part of the connector permanently to the tubing. Once swaged on, the connection can be unmated and remated.
474:
Heat swaging is a similar process to heat staking, but it involves rolling or reforming a wall (typically a perimeter) of a plastic part to retain another part or component.
390:
The second category involves two or more dies used to hammer a round workpiece into a smaller diameter. This process is usually called "rotary swaging" or "radial forging".
585:
Individuals who make their own bullets usually are not aware of available manual specialized equipment and dies required for swaging bullets, and thus choose to make
320:
597:
equipment. Four die and equipment makers, CH/4D, RCE, Corbin, and Custom Maker Kaine Dies, manufacture the bulk of bullet swaging equipment in the United States.
663:
to describe when two panels were brought together, an edge of one panel was swaged so to overlap the other to create the impression of one continuous surface.
555:
bullets are made slightly larger than the inside diameter of the rifling, so that they are swaged to engage the rifling and form a tight seal upon firing
814:
1065:
933:
1027:
275:
to form metal into various shapes too intricate to make with a hammer alone. These have handles for holding or pegs for attaching to an
754:
999:
860:
1058:
94:
81:
988:
960:
1378:
659:
As swaging is a technique in which cold metal is formed over a grooved tool or swage, the term was adopted in the field of
779:
1051:
1020:
178:
112:
59:
890:
283:
are anvil-like dies with various shapes forged into them, which are also used for forming metal. Swages called "
450:
Swages are used for shaping the metal in various ways, to enhance its beauty or its fit for a desired purpose.
432:
There are two basic types of rotary swaging machine, the standard (also known as a tagging machine), and the
1079:
1013:
383:
of the workpiece, forcing it through a confining die to reduce its diameter, similar to the process of
937:
1295:
1136:
191:
149:
45:
1347:
1166:
1141:
1131:
419:
1373:
1191:
1186:
1126:
1121:
1075:
733:
575:
323:: swāj). Another (less common) pronunciation sometimes heard in the metalworking industries is
459:
271:, meaning "decorative groove" or "ornamental moulding". Swages were originally tools used by
20:
1176:
699:
574:
into a die to form it into the shape of a bullet. The other common manufacturing method is
758:
8:
614:
540:
239:
145:
617:
in order to prevent damage as the needle and suture thread are drawn through the wound.
1322:
1317:
1252:
1146:
1095:
984:
956:
915:
864:
660:
579:
800:
Headword "swage". The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed.
462:
assembly individual connector pins are sometimes pressed/swaged into place using an
835:
801:
571:
326:
296:
205:
1227:
1171:
818:
675:
610:
483:
375:
As a general manufacturing process swaging may be broken up into two categories:
284:
257:
may apply to the process (verb) or to a die or tool (noun) used in that process.
90:
1275:
1196:
399:
1367:
1270:
1265:
787:
714:
709:
704:
570:
manufacture, swaged bullets are bullets manufactured by compressing metal at
1206:
1161:
1036:
679:
384:
355:
243:
153:
51:
687:
494:
tool compresses and deforms the fitting, creating a permanent joint. In a
1105:
590:
586:
463:
280:
247:
822:
666:
The term is now often used generically to refer to any similar designs.
1342:
1337:
1100:
567:
558:
395:
272:
518:
or circle saw teeth, which increases the width of the cut, called the
1332:
1327:
1260:
1237:
1151:
491:
487:
380:
519:
1181:
627:
495:
367:
1352:
1312:
1290:
1285:
1242:
1222:
1156:
631:
606:
552:
548:
515:
511:
407:
235:
1280:
1005:
544:
266:
1232:
639:
276:
238:
process in which the dimensions of an item are altered using
635:
338:
308:
226:
217:
341:
311:
220:
979:
Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003).
547:
entering the barrel and being squeezed to conform to the
223:
913:
821:, 2002. (Online version requires subscription to view.)
780:"SWAGE English Definition and Meaning | Lexico.com"
482:
The most common use of swaging is to attach fittings to
1073:
490:); the parts loosely fit together, and a mechanical or
287:" are specific to making grooves in swords and knives.
678:
in appearance and function. However, instead of using
926:
335:
332:
305:
302:
279:, and often a flat head for striking with a hammer.
214:
211:
242:
into which the item is forced. Swaging is usually a
880:
by R. J. Kibblewhite. Bradley and Co. 1892 Page 53.
402:since there is no loss of material in the process.
329:
299:
208:
978:
140:may lack focus or may be about more than one topic
387:. This may also be referred to as "tube swaging".
1365:
265:The term "swage" comes from the Old French term
951:Bickford, John H.; Nassar, Sayed, eds. (1998).
398:. Swaging is normally the method of choice for
950:
144:Please help improve this article, possibly by
1059:
1021:
755:"Swaging machine capable of hot or cold work"
815:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
620:
914:Sullivan, G.; Crawford, L. (January 2003).
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1066:
1052:
1028:
1014:
349:(AHD format: swĕj) (perhaps influenced by
578:, which uses molten metals poured into a
179:Learn how and when to remove this message
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
981:Materials and Processes in Manufacturing
955:. New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 311.
425:A variation of the rotary swager is the
366:
190:
543:, swaging describes the process of the
379:The first category of swaging involves
1366:
998:Sullivan, Gary & Crawford, Lance,
674:A lockbolt is a fastener similar to a
1047:
1009:
878:English Mechanic and World of Science
823:http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com
148:the article and/or by introducing a
124:
66:
25:
953:Handbook of Bolts and Bolted Joints
477:
195:A selection of blacksmithing swages
13:
784:Lexico Dictionaries | English
505:
14:
1390:
934:"Car Design Glossary: Swage Line"
514:, a swage is used to flare large
41:This article has multiple issues.
1035:
891:"Introduction to Swage Assembly"
525:
445:
325:
295:
204:
129:
71:
30:
972:
944:
907:
152:, or discuss this issue on the
49:or discuss these issues on the
883:
871:
853:
840:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
828:
807:
794:
772:
747:
726:
654:
613:is often swaged to an eyeless
453:
1:
757:. Ameslab.gov. Archived from
720:
669:
7:
1379:Automotive styling features
1000:"The Heat Stake Advantage".
920:Plastic Decorating Magazine
693:
600:
556:
534:
469:
10:
1395:
916:"The Heat Stake Advantage"
362:
18:
1308:
1251:
1215:
1114:
1088:
1043:
825:(Accessed 2007 March 10.)
621:Musical instrument repair
293:is most often pronounced
260:
246:process, but also may be
1137:Electrohydraulic forming
85:may need to be rewritten
1142:Electromagnetic forming
983:(9th ed.). Wiley.
734:"Definition of swaging"
486:or cables (also called
440:
267:
1127:Casting (metalworking)
790:on September 19, 2020.
372:
371:Rotary swaging machine
196:
1348:Tools and terminology
867:on February 17, 2005.
836:"Definition of SWAGE"
609:, the thread used in
460:printed circuit board
370:
194:
21:Swag (disambiguation)
1177:Progressive stamping
700:Crimp (metalworking)
502:ground, or casters.
19:For other uses, see
16:Metalworking process
1253:Finishing processes
541:internal ballistics
150:disambiguation page
813:Headword "swage."
661:automotive styling
373:
197:
1361:
1360:
1304:
1303:
1216:Joining processes
1147:Explosive forming
1115:Forming processes
990:978-0-471-65653-1
962:978-0-8247-9977-9
842:. Merriam-Webster
189:
188:
181:
171:
170:
123:
122:
115:
95:lead layout guide
64:
1386:
1083:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1007:
1006:
994:
967:
966:
948:
942:
941:
936:. Archived from
930:
924:
923:
911:
905:
904:
902:
901:
895:www.mill-max.com
887:
881:
875:
869:
868:
863:. Archived from
861:"Rotary swaging"
857:
851:
850:
848:
847:
832:
826:
811:
805:
802:Houghton Mifflin
798:
792:
791:
786:. Archived from
776:
770:
769:
767:
766:
751:
745:
744:
742:
741:
730:
572:room temperature
562:
478:Pipes and cables
427:creeping spindle
420:four-die machine
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
270:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
184:
177:
166:
163:
157:
133:
132:
125:
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
91:improve the lead
75:
74:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1300:
1247:
1211:
1172:Press hardening
1110:
1084:
1082:, and finishing
1074:
1072:
1039:
1034:
991:
975:
970:
963:
949:
945:
932:
931:
927:
912:
908:
899:
897:
889:
888:
884:
876:
872:
859:
858:
854:
845:
843:
834:
833:
829:
819:Merriam-Webster
812:
808:
799:
795:
778:
777:
773:
764:
762:
753:
752:
748:
739:
737:
732:
731:
727:
723:
696:
672:
657:
623:
603:
537:
528:
508:
506:Saw blade teeth
480:
472:
456:
448:
443:
400:precious metals
365:
328:
324:
298:
294:
263:
207:
203:
185:
174:
173:
172:
167:
161:
158:
143:
134:
130:
119:
108:
102:
99:
88:
76:
72:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1276:Mass finishing
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1004:
1003:
996:
989:
974:
971:
969:
968:
961:
943:
940:on 2008-01-30.
925:
906:
882:
870:
852:
827:
817:, Unabridged.
806:
793:
771:
746:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
695:
692:
671:
668:
656:
653:
622:
619:
602:
599:
557:(compare with
536:
533:
527:
524:
507:
504:
479:
476:
471:
468:
455:
452:
447:
444:
442:
439:
412:roller swaging
392:
391:
388:
364:
361:
262:
259:
187:
186:
169:
168:
137:
135:
128:
121:
120:
80:The article's
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1391:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Metal forming
1372:
1371:
1369:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:Heat treating
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1001:
997:
992:
986:
982:
977:
976:
964:
958:
954:
947:
939:
935:
929:
921:
917:
910:
896:
892:
886:
879:
874:
866:
862:
856:
841:
837:
831:
824:
820:
816:
810:
804:, 2004, 2000.
803:
797:
789:
785:
781:
775:
761:on 2012-09-16
760:
756:
750:
735:
729:
725:
716:
715:Swaged socket
713:
711:
710:Swaged sleeve
708:
706:
705:Flare fitting
703:
701:
698:
697:
691:
689:
684:
681:
680:screw threads
677:
667:
664:
662:
652:
648:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
618:
616:
612:
608:
598:
594:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
560:
554:
550:
546:
542:
532:
526:Manufacturing
523:
521:
517:
513:
503:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
475:
467:
465:
461:
451:
446:Blacksmithing
438:
435:
430:
428:
423:
421:
415:
413:
409:
403:
401:
397:
389:
386:
382:
378:
377:
376:
369:
360:
358:
357:
352:
346:
322:
316:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
258:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
231:
201:
193:
183:
180:
165:
155:
151:
147:
141:
138:This article
136:
127:
126:
117:
114:
106:
96:
93:and read the
92:
86:
83:
78:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
1207:Tube bending
1201:
1162:Hydroforming
1037:Metalworking
980:
973:Bibliography
952:
946:
938:the original
928:
919:
909:
898:. Retrieved
894:
885:
877:
873:
865:the original
855:
844:. Retrieved
839:
830:
809:
796:
788:the original
783:
774:
763:. Retrieved
759:the original
749:
738:. Retrieved
736:. Efunda.com
728:
688:blind rivets
685:
673:
665:
658:
649:
645:
624:
604:
595:
593:ammunition.
587:cast bullets
584:
565:
538:
529:
509:
500:
481:
473:
457:
449:
434:butt swaging
433:
431:
426:
424:
416:
411:
404:
393:
385:drawing wire
374:
356:sledgehammer
354:
350:
290:
289:
281:Swage blocks
264:
254:
252:
244:cold working
199:
198:
175:
162:January 2017
159:
139:
109:
103:January 2017
100:
89:Please help
84:
82:lead section
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
1318:Fabrication
1266:Galvanizing
1106:Sheet metal
1096:Fabrication
1080:fabrication
655:Car styling
591:handloading
464:arbor press
454:Electronics
273:blacksmiths
1368:Categories
1338:Metallurgy
1281:Patination
1101:Piece work
900:2024-04-06
846:2024-03-24
765:2012-07-31
740:2012-07-31
721:References
651:material.
568:ammunition
559:obturation
488:wire ropes
396:draw bench
321:AHD format
248:hot worked
46:improve it
1333:Machining
1328:Jewellery
1296:Polishing
1261:Anodizing
1238:Soldering
1152:Extrusion
670:Lockbolts
492:hydraulic
381:extrusion
253:The term
154:talk page
146:splitting
52:talk page
1343:Smithing
1233:Riveting
1228:Crimping
1197:Spinning
1182:Punching
1167:Stamping
694:See also
628:clarinet
601:Medicine
551:. Most
535:Firearms
512:sawmills
496:Swagelok
470:Plastics
1353:Welding
1323:Forming
1313:Casting
1291:Plating
1286:Peening
1243:Welding
1223:Brazing
1202:Swaging
1192:Sinking
1187:Rolling
1157:Forging
1132:Drawing
1122:Coining
1089:General
1076:Forming
632:bassoon
611:sutures
607:surgery
576:casting
553:firearm
549:rifling
516:bandsaw
408:mandrel
363:Process
285:fullers
236:forging
234:) is a
200:Swaging
987:
959:
615:needle
545:bullet
353:as in
351:sledge
268:souage
261:Origin
640:flute
484:pipes
291:Swage
277:anvil
255:swage
985:ISBN
957:ISBN
676:bolt
638:and
636:oboe
580:mold
520:kerf
441:Uses
240:dies
605:In
566:In
539:In
510:In
458:In
359:).
1370::
1078:,
918:.
893:.
838:.
782:.
634:,
630:,
563:.
414:.
342:dʒ
312:dʒ
309:eɪ
250:.
221:dʒ
218:eɪ
55:.
1067:e
1060:t
1053:v
1029:e
1022:t
1015:v
995:.
993:.
965:.
922:.
903:.
849:.
768:.
743:.
561:)
345:/
339:ɛ
336:w
333:s
330:ˈ
327:/
319:(
315:/
306:w
303:s
300:ˈ
297:/
230:/
227:ŋ
224:ɪ
215:w
212:s
209:ˈ
206:/
202:(
182:)
176:(
164:)
160:(
156:.
142:.
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
97:.
87:.
62:)
58:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
