22:
513:, though some of the members of the party contested for office as independents. The party emerged as the single largest party in the 1926 and 1934 Assembly elections but refused to form the provincial government under the existing dyarchy system. In 1934, the Madras Province Swarajya Party merged with the All India Swarajya Party which subsequently merged with the
359:
However, many
Indians felt that the Non-Cooperation Movement should not have been suspended over an isolated incident of violence, and that its astonishing success was actually close to breaking the back of British rule in India. These people became disillusioned with Gandhi's political judgments and
473:
arrived in India in 1928, millions of
Indians were infuriated with the idea of an all-British committee writing proposals for Indian constitutional reforms without any Indian member or consultations with the Indian people. The Congress created a committee to write Indian proposals for constitutional
438:
After his release from prison in 1924, Gandhi sought to bring back the
Swarajists to the Congress and re-unite the party. Gandhi's supporters were in a vast majority in the Congress, and the Congress still remained India's largest political party, but Gandhi felt it necessary to heal the divide with
355:
could degenerate into an orgy of violence between the
British-controlled army and police and mobs of freedom-fighters, alienating and hurting millions of common Indians. He went on a fast-unto-death to convince all Indians to stop civil resistance. The Congress and other nationalist groups disavowed
407:
Now both the
Swarajists and the No-Changers were engaged in a fierce political struggle, but both were determined to avoid the disastrous experience of the 1907 split at Surat. On the advice of Gandhi, the two groups decided to remain in the Congress but to work in their separate ways. There was no
319:
Das and Nehru thought of contesting elections to enter the legislative council with a view to obstructing a foreign government. Many candidates of the Swaraj Party were elected to the central legislative assembly and provincial legislative council in the 1923 elections. In these legislatures, they
422:
At a meeting on 30 December 1923, the general council of the party demanded the establishment of fully responsible government for India. They demanded that the government start by releasing political prisoners, suspending all repressive laws and orders, and convening a round table conference to
368:
Gandhi and most of the
Congress party rejected the provincial and central legislative councils created by the British to offer some participation for Indians. They argued that the councils were rigged with un-elected allies of the British, and too un-democratic and simply "rubber stamps" of the
466:. Gandhi relaxed the rules on spinning and named some Swarajists to important positions in the Congress Party. He also encouraged the Congress to support those Swarajists elected to the councils, so as not to embarrass them and leave them rudderless before the British authorities.
426:
However, the legislatures had very limited powers, and apart from some heated parliamentary debates, and procedural stand-offs with the
British authorities, the core mission of obstructing British rule failed.
351:, where policemen were killed by a mob of protestors. Gandhi felt responsible for the killings, reproached himself for not emphasizing non-violence more firmly, and feared that the entire
404:
and other
Congress leaders who were becoming dissatisfied with the Congress. The other group was the 'No-Changers', who had accepted Gandhi's decision to withdraw the movement.
509:
led the party. The party contested in all provincial elections between 1923 and 1934 with the exception of the 1930 election which it did not participate officially due to the
528:
From 1935 onward, the
Swarajya Party ceased to exist and was succeeded by the Indian National Congress in the elections to the Imperial Legislative Council as well as the
850:
2159:
2286:
430:
With the death of
Chittaranjan Das in 1925, and with Motilal Nehru's return to the Congress the following year, the Swaraj Party was greatly weakened.
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2149:
2301:
1100:
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388:
formed the Congress-Khilafat Swarajaya Party with Das as the president and Nehru as one of the secretaries. Other prominent leaders included
2291:
2134:
2144:
1358:
843:
2179:
2311:
2184:
1162:
442:
The Swarajists sought more representation in the Congress offices, and an end to the mandatory requirement for Congressmen to spin
2204:
1363:
1302:
2154:
2107:
2296:
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1409:
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further infuriated India. People rallied around the Nehru Report and old political divisions and wounds were forgotten, and
86:
2235:
880:
58:
253:
2129:
2124:
105:
65:
2139:
1052:
493:. In this tumultuous period, the Swaraj Party was defunct as its members quietly dissolved into the Congress fold.
1292:
1282:
1247:
2255:
43:
72:
2225:
2194:
768:
39:
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cloth and do social service as a prerequisite for office. This was opposed by Gandhi's supporters, men like
2245:
1901:
1252:
859:
522:
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Between 1929 and 1937, the Indian National Congress would declare the independence of India and launch the
416:
412:
2091:
1478:
1127:
655:
510:
54:
1287:
1826:
1378:
1095:
1090:
529:
415:, Swarajist members(45/145) were elected to the councils. Vithalbhai Patel became the president of the
381:
324:
1801:
1498:
1373:
1212:
1152:
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annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and
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1513:
1493:
1328:
1237:
960:
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323:
As a result of the Bengal Partition, the Swaraj Party won the most seats during elections to the
32:
2031:
1941:
1936:
1177:
1116:
1008:
935:
925:
348:
756:
729:
2230:
2169:
1996:
1781:
1726:
1558:
1518:
1323:
1242:
1187:
1172:
1122:
1110:
987:
782:
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1971:
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1861:
1746:
1651:
1608:
1563:
1483:
1383:
1227:
1132:
982:
643:
549:
506:
79:
8:
2066:
2011:
1896:
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1786:
1766:
1691:
1488:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1433:
1272:
693:
393:
2250:
2096:
2016:
1946:
1931:
1841:
1831:
1741:
1731:
1716:
1701:
1681:
1656:
1528:
1473:
1197:
1167:
1062:
1042:
992:
890:
698:
335:
The Swaraj Party was formed on 1 January 1923 by Indian politicians and members of the
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258:
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1956:
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708:
447:
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248:
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2174:
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2001:
1976:
1966:
1906:
1816:
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1393:
1348:
1333:
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1202:
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377:
344:
309:
165:
143:
2209:
2199:
2101:
2006:
1951:
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1846:
1666:
1636:
1631:
1588:
1578:
1543:
1538:
1503:
1428:
1353:
1192:
915:
490:
475:
455:
150:
2041:
1991:
1981:
1961:
1926:
1886:
1871:
1593:
1523:
1508:
1448:
1438:
1267:
1157:
1027:
1002:
977:
875:
828:
2275:
1986:
1911:
1876:
1836:
1751:
1721:
1711:
1696:
1583:
1553:
1533:
1262:
760:
502:
479:
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313:
169:
155:
439:
the Swarajists, so as to heal the nation's wounds over the 1922 suspension.
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1706:
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1603:
1307:
1217:
1207:
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900:
885:
562:
138:
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1368:
1147:
895:
703:
433:
308:
means "independence" or "self-rule." The two most important leaders were
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278:
2046:
1821:
1771:
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1338:
1222:
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reforms, headed by now Congress President Motilal Nehru. The death of
2026:
1921:
1881:
1856:
1791:
1453:
1443:
1343:
277:, was a political party formed in India on 1 January 1923 after the
21:
1388:
1032:
811:. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. pp. 3–5.
1548:
340:
1072:
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327:
in 1923. The party disintegrated after the death of C. R. Das.
293:
443:
297:
501:
The Madras Province Swarajya Party was established in 1923.
434:
Pro-Changers and No-Changers, and the Simon Commission
423:
negotiate the principles of a constitution for India.
577:
Performance of the Madras Provincial Swarajya Party
486:and all Swarajist councillors resigned in protest.
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
538:Presidents of the Madras Province Swarajya Party
496:
320:strongly opposed the unjust government policies.
2273:
858:
765:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
789:, University of Chicago Press, pp. 235–244
844:
654:Did not participate in the elections due to
517:when it contested the 1935 elections to the
734:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 249–251.
1359:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
851:
837:
2287:Indian National Congress breakaway groups
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2307:Political parties disestablished in 1935
652:
537:
727:
347:on 12 February 1922 in response to the
2274:
806:
2302:Political parties established in 1923
832:
754:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
13:
2292:Defunct political parties in India
408:basic difference between the two.
292:It was inspired by the concept of
14:
2323:
775:
731:India's Struggle for Independence
596:Members nominated to the council
1053:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
363:
356:all activities of disobedience.
330:
20:
2312:1935 disestablishments in India
1293:Provisional Government of India
534:
285:for the Indian people from the
235:
31:needs additional citations for
800:
748:
721:
593:Total number of Council seats
497:Madras Province Swarajya Party
275:Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party
1:
769:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
755:Misra, Chitta Ranjan (2012).
714:
2297:1923 establishments in India
2282:Indian independence movement
1902:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
1178:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
860:Indian independence movement
523:Government of India Act 1935
519:Imperial Legislative Council
462:as opposed to the Swarajist
417:Central Legislative Assembly
413:1923 Indian general election
123:Political party in India
7:
2092:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
1479:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
807:Bakshi, Shiri Ram (1995) .
687:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
660:
656:Civil Disobedience Movement
640:
638:
635:
632:
629:
620:
618:
615:
612:
609:
511:Civil Disobedience Movement
199:; 89 years ago
10:
2328:
1827:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
1379:Indian Independence League
1096:Partition of Bengal (1947)
1091:Partition of Bengal (1905)
763:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
530:Madras Legislative Council
458:, who became known as the
382:Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar
325:Bengal Legislative Council
2218:
2117:
2002:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
1802:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
1622:
1499:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
1419:
1374:Indian Home Rule movement
1316:
1213:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1153:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1081:
1018:
866:
587:Seats in Madras Assembly
390:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
244:
231:
221:
211:
193:
175:
161:
149:
137:
128:
2241:Indian annexation of Goa
2087:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1599:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1364:Indian National Congress
1163:Non-cooperation movement
515:Indian National Congress
353:Non-Cooperation Movement
337:Indian National Congress
226:Indian National Congress
216:Indian National Congress
2246:Indian Independence Act
1832:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1807:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
1777:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
1514:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
1494:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
1329:All-India Muslim League
1283:Royal Air Force strikes
1248:Round table conferences
1238:Chittagong armoury raid
1128:Hindu–German Conspiracy
1111:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
881:Porto Grande de Bengala
809:Swaraj Party and Gandhi
728:Chandra, Bipan (2000).
181:; 101 years ago
2032:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
1937:Purushottam Das Tandon
1303:Praja Mandala movement
1117:The Indian Sociologist
478:, beaten by police in
120:Indian political party
2256:Political integration
1997:Shyamji Krishna Varma
1782:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1727:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
1559:Rettamalai Srinivasan
1519:Mahadev Govind Ranade
1324:All India Kisan Sabha
1288:Coup d'Ă©tat of Yanaon
1188:Qissa Khwani massacre
1173:Coolie-Begar movement
988:Second Anglo-Sikh War
349:Chauri Chaura tragedy
343:'s suspension of all
312:, its president, and
273:, established as the
2082:Veeran Sundaralingam
2037:Tara Rani Srivastava
1972:Sahajanand Saraswati
1862:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
1747:Chandra Shekhar Azad
1652:Alluri Sitarama Raju
1609:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
1564:Sahajanand Saraswati
1484:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
1384:Indian National Army
1228:Dharasana Satyagraha
1133:Champaran Satyagraha
983:First Anglo-Sikh War
644:S. Srinivasa Iyengar
550:S. Srinivasa Iyengar
507:S. Srinivasa Iyengar
40:improve this article
2067:V. K. Krishna Menon
2012:Subhas Chandra Bose
1897:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1892:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
1787:Govind Ballabh Pant
1767:Dayananda Saraswati
1692:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1489:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
1469:Dhondo Keshav Karve
1464:Dayananda Saraswati
1459:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1434:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
947:Anglo-Maratha Wars
767:(Second ed.).
757:"Bengal Pact, 1923"
694:Free Press of India
590:Assembly Seats won
394:Subhas Chandra Bose
2251:Partition of India
2097:Yashwantrao Holkar
2062:V. O. Chidamabaram
2017:Subramania Bharati
1947:Rahul Sankrityayan
1932:Pritilata Waddedar
1842:Shri Krishna Singh
1742:C. Rajagopalachari
1732:Bidhan Chandra Roy
1717:Bhavabhushan Mitra
1702:Begum Hazrat Mahal
1657:Annapurna Maharana
1529:Muthulakshmi Reddy
1474:G. Subramania Iyer
1168:Christmas Day Plot
1043:Indian nationalism
993:Sannyasi rebellion
891:East India Company
699:Indian Nationalism
376:In December 1922,
302:languages of India
2269:
2268:
2236:Republic of India
2072:Vallabhbhai Patel
2057:Ubaidullah Sindhi
1957:Ram Prasad Bismil
1852:M. Bhaktavatsalam
1812:Jatindra Nath Das
1737:Bipin Chandra Pal
1672:Babu Kunwar Singh
1642:Achyut Patwardhan
1399:Khudai Khidmatgar
1243:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
1183:Kakori conspiracy
1143:Rowlatt Committee
1106:Direct Action Day
1068:Swadeshi movement
1048:Khilafat Movement
1038:Hindu nationalism
998:Rebellion of 1857
921:Anglo-Mysore Wars
911:Battle of Plassey
818:978-81-7156-144-5
741:978-81-8475-183-3
709:Abdul Hameed Khan
685:
684:
574:
573:
448:Vallabhbhai Patel
316:, its secretary.
283:political freedom
267:
266:
254:Political parties
249:Politics of India
116:
115:
108:
90:
2319:
2261:Simla Conference
2052:Tiruppur Kumaran
2022:Subramaniya Siva
1977:Sangolli Rayanna
1967:Rash Behari Bose
1907:Nagnath Naikwadi
1817:Jawaharlal Nehru
1762:Dadabhai Naoroji
1757:Chittaranjan Das
1647:A. K. Fazlul Huq
1569:Savitribai Phule
1394:Khaksar movement
1349:Berlin Committee
1334:Anushilan Samiti
1298:Independence Day
1258:Aundh Experiment
1233:Vedaranyam March
1138:Kheda Satyagraha
1123:Singapore Mutiny
906:Portuguese India
853:
846:
839:
830:
829:
823:
822:
804:
798:
797:
796:
794:
779:
773:
772:
752:
746:
745:
725:
602:Party President
581:
580:
535:
484:Vithalbhai Patel
471:Simon Commission
452:Jawaharlal Nehru
402:Vithalbhai Patel
378:Chittaranjan Das
345:civil resistance
339:who had opposed
310:Chittaranjan Das
239:
238:
222:Merged into
207:
205:
200:
189:
187:
182:
166:Chittaranjan Das
144:Chittaranjan Das
126:
125:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
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2326:
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2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2226:Cabinet Mission
2214:
2118:British leaders
2113:
2102:Yogendra Shukla
2007:Siraj ud-Daulah
1962:Rani Lakshmibai
1952:Rajendra Prasad
1942:R. Venkataraman
1887:Mithuben Petit‎
1867:Mahadaji Shinde
1847:Lala Lajpat Rai
1682:Bahadur Shah II
1667:Ashfaqulla Khan
1637:Accamma Cherian
1632:Abul Kalam Azad
1624:
1618:
1589:Syed Ahmad Khan
1579:Sister Nivedita
1544:Pandita Ramabai
1539:Niralamba Swami
1504:J. B. Kripalani
1429:Ashfaqulla Khan
1421:
1415:
1354:Ghadar Movement
1312:
1193:Flag Satyagraha
1101:Revolutionaries
1083:
1077:
1020:
1014:
916:Battle of Buxar
862:
857:
827:
826:
819:
805:
801:
792:
790:
781:
780:
776:
753:
749:
742:
726:
722:
717:
690:
579:
499:
491:Salt Satyagraha
476:Lala Lajpat Rai
456:Rajendra Prasad
436:
366:
333:
300:and many other
263:
236:
212:Split from
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198:
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133:
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2042:Tarak Nath Das
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Shuja-ud-Daula
1989:
1984:
1982:Sarojini Naidu
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1927:Prafulla Chaki
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Mahatma Gandhi
1869:
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1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
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1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:Vakkom Moulavi
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1524:Mahatma Gandhi
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:Jyotirao Phule
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1449:B. R. Ambedkar
1446:
1441:
1439:Ayya Vaikundar
1436:
1431:
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1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1401:
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1391:
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1371:
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1336:
1331:
1326:
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1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:Cripps Mission
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Noakhali riots
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1021:and ideologies
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1003:Radcliffe Line
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
978:Vellore Mutiny
975:
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761:Islam, Sirajul
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186:1 January 1923
179:1 January 1923
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55:"Swaraj Party"
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2015:
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1987:Satyapal Dang
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1912:Nana Fadnavis
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1877:Mangal Pandey
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1837:Khudiram Bose
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1317:Organisations
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1278:Bombay Mutiny
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1263:Indian Legion
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1203:1928 Protests
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1148:Rowlatt Bills
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503:S. Satyamurti
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387:
386:Motilal Nehru
383:
379:
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372:
364:Council entry
361:
357:
354:
350:
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342:
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331:Chauri Chaura
328:
326:
321:
317:
315:
314:Motilal Nehru
311:
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170:Motilal Nehru
167:
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156:Motilal Nehru
154:
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96:December 2009
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2231:Constitution
2219:Independence
2106:
2077:Vanchinathan
1707:Bhagat Singh
1662:Annie Besant
1623:Independence
1604:Vinoba Bhave
1408:
1404:Swaraj Party
1403:
1308:Lucknow Pact
1218:Purna Swaraj
1208:Nehru Report
1115:
1019:Philosophies
1007:
973:Polygar Wars
901:French India
886:Dutch Bengal
876:Colonisation
808:
802:
791:, retrieved
786:
783:"Conclusion"
777:
764:
750:
730:
723:
653:
563:Sathyamurthy
527:
500:
488:
468:
463:
459:
441:
437:
429:
425:
421:
410:
406:
375:
367:
358:
334:
322:
318:
305:
291:
274:
271:Swaraj Party
270:
268:
131:Swaraj Party
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2175:Mountbatten
1797:Hemu Kalani
1677:Bagha Jatin
1614:Vivekananda
1369:India House
1253:Act of 1935
1028:Ambedkarism
896:British Raj
704:K.M. Munshi
541:Term start
460:No Changers
360:instincts.
287:British Raj
2276:Categories
2205:Linlithgow
2145:Chelmsford
2135:Cornwallis
2047:Tatya Tope
1917:Nana Saheb
1822:K. Kamaraj
1772:Dhan Singh
1687:Bakht Khan
1339:Arya Samaj
1273:Quit India
1223:Salt March
1082:Events and
1058:Satyagraha
715:References
584:Elections
521:under the
66:newspapers
2180:Wellesley
2165:Dalhousie
2027:Surya Sen
1922:P. Kakkan
1882:Mir Qasim
1857:M. N. Roy
1792:Har Dayal
1625:activists
1454:Baba Amte
1444:Ayyankali
1422:reformers
1344:Azad Hind
1084:movements
1063:Socialism
787:Obsession
544:Term end
469:When the
259:Elections
194:Dissolved
151:Secretary
2210:Hastings
2170:Bentinck
1389:Jugantar
1033:Gandhism
688:See also
464:Changers
2130:Canning
1549:Periyar
1198:Bardoli
966:Gwalior
868:History
793:4 March
599:Result
411:In the
371:Viceroy
341:Mahatma
237:
232:Colours
202: (
184: (
176:Founded
162:Founder
80:scholar
2200:Cripps
2195:Outram
2185:Lytton
2150:Curzon
2125:Wavell
1420:Social
1073:Swaraj
956:Second
941:Fourth
931:Second
815:
738:
480:Punjab
398:Bengal
373:....
306:swaraj
294:Swaraj
240:Sandal
139:Leader
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2190:Clive
2160:Minto
2155:Ripon
2140:Irwin
1574:Shahu
961:Third
951:First
936:Third
926:First
759:. In
667:1934
650:1930
627:1926
607:1923
570:1935
567:1930
557:1930
554:1923
444:khadi
298:Hindi
296:. In
87:JSTOR
73:books
2108:more
1410:more
1009:more
813:ISBN
795:2024
736:ISBN
505:and
454:and
392:and
384:and
279:Gaya
269:The
204:1935
197:1935
59:news
675:29
670:98
636:34
633:41
630:98
616:29
613:20
610:98
396:of
42:by
2278::
785:,
532:.
525:.
450:,
419:.
400:,
380:,
304:,
289:.
168:,
852:e
845:t
838:v
821:.
771:.
744:.
206:)
188:)
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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