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interested in learning that this prince was educated by his prime minister— a rare tutor for a sovereign. The Rajah had established schools within his dominions—he had established a mathematical school under
English superintendence; but he had done more—he had done what, he was sorry to say, had neither been done in England, Scotland, nor Ireland—be had established a school in every village of his dominions— and be gave education to every child, male and female – a change in Indian customs that might lead to the happiest results. He was informed, on good authority, that there was not a child who had reached eight years of age not capable of reading and writing; but this distinguished prince, not satisfied with advancing the interests of elementary education, had established an observatory, and placed in it an English gentleman, a member of the Royal Society of London, and who was in that room – he meant Mr. Caldecott. In this observatory, observations were carried on with the same success as under British interests. The Rajah had also established a magnetical and meteorological observatory, having been led to do so by becoming acquainted with a report on Meteorology, published by the British Association. And the observations taken there were found to be as accurate as those taken in Edinburgh, Philadelphia, and other places.
623:. He wished to compare Western findings with Indian knowledge. He had knowledge of observatories in Madras and others. Finding that there was so much in common between western astronomy and Indian (eastern) astrological understanding of planets, stars and the known universe; Swathi Thirunal set the initiative to start an Astronomical Observatory. One of its directors would be his cousin, Raja Rama Varma Rohani Thirunal, who was the contemporary Raja of Mavelikara Palace, an important branch of the ruling Travancore Royal family related to Raja Swathi Thirunal Raja Rohani Thirunal (Rohini) was already an established astronomer from India and a member of the British and Canadian Astronomical Societies. The observatory benefited from the expertise of local English men, Colonel Fraser and Mr. Caldecott. A cotton mill expert John Caldecott, FRS was interested in astronomy but was self-taught, and later became one of its directors. As an industrial representative in Alapuzha, he used to make instruments for astronomical observations and initially mounted viewing instruments on top of mango tree in Residency of Quilon, Cochin and his Allepey homes. Raja Swathi Tirunal saw his collection and asked him to come to Trivandrum to start a similar set-up.
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Travancore. Among the native princes of India, he was distinguished for his superior intelligence and extensive acquirements in oriental literature. He is not unknown to fame in the
European world, for most of you must be aware that the deceased Rajah maintained an observatory at considerable expense, and that MR Caldecott was for a length of time, his highness's astronomer. The ephemeris emanating from the Travancore observatory was a valuable contribution to astronomical science ... The Rajah also supported an English school on a scale of liberality that perhaps has few precedents in other native states. He was a steady and staunch advocate of education, friend and patron of men of letters ... his loss will doubtless be greatly deplored by Travancoreans as a national calamity.
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607:(vile White cheaters), respectively. The upper caste Hindus then complained to Swathi Thirunal that Vaikundar was cheating people by claiming to be God and as a result of the complaint, Swathi Thirunal ordered to arrest him but Vaikundar was not the cheater and later released by the government. In the then society, men and women belonging to the lower classes weren't allowed to cover their upper body as it was considered a privilege reserved for caste Hindus & people of other religions. Vaikundar exhorted dalits to fight against this and organized revolts to get their due rights which came to be known as
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677:, sarasijanaabha, etc. and its synonyms. His education in music started with the first lessons from Karamana Subrahmania Bhagavathar and Karamana Padmanabha Bhagavathar. Later, he studied music from the then English scholar, Thanjavur Subba Rao as well. He continued to learn music by listening to accomplished musicians and practising himself. He encouraged both broad systems of
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through the Middle east) from
England. It became a part of the erstwhile Travancore University, but for some time was administered as an independent government institution. It is now the oldest institution under the Kerala University. Started in 1837, some of the equipment is still to be seen at the Thiruvananthapuram observatory (now under the Department of Physics,
407:. He impressed all his teachers, and even guests from abroad, with his keen understanding of not only languages but also other subjects like geometry. P. Sankunni Menon (A History of Travancore from the Earliest Times, 1878) records an incident between young Swathi Thirunal and Col. Welsh, a visiting British officer, that the word
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weakening his mind and body. Thus, at the age of 33, Maharajah Swathi
Thirunal died on 26 December 1846. The demise of Maharajah Swathi Thirunal attracted the attention of even the foreign press. Allen's Indian Mail and Register of Intelligence of British &Foreign India, China, & All Parts of the East wrote:
631:). In the early sixties, in relation to Indian Space Research Organisation, ISRO, the founder Dr. Vikram Sarabhai selected this astronomy observatory to study equatorial night skies. He assigned his doctoral students, notably Dr. A.P.J Kalam and Dr. K. Narayanan Nair, to collect data on cosmic rays and ionosphere.
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Swati
Tirunal, now thirteen... took up a book of mathematics and selecting the forty-seventh proposition of Euclid sketched the figure on a country slate but what astonished me most was his telling us in English that Geometry was derived from the Sanskrit, which as Jaw metor (Jyamiti) to measure the
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MARAVANKUDIERUPPU – He was a tax payer to the
Travancore Samasthanam, (Travancore Kingdom). So he was called to attend the marriage of Maharajah Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma and Panapillai Amma Srimathi Ayikutty Narayani Pillai Kochamma of the Thiruvattar Ammaveedu family in 1829. Thiru. Swamyadiyan
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from 1843. Maharajah Swathi
Thirunal also put an end to the barbaric punishment called the 'SUCHINDRAM KAIMUKKU' According to which the accused was forced to prove his innocence by dipping his hand in boiled ghee at Suchindram temple, and he was punished if the hand gets burnt. He is also credited
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Swathi
Thirunal was also instrumental in bringing modern medicine to the state. He appointed a European as the palace physician. He was also given the responsibility of providing medical assistance to local people, for which hospitals were started. It is this post that was known as Surgeon General
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and modernizing laws. He identified one Kandan Menon from
Malabar and appointed him as Huzoor Diwan Peshkar to bring about legal reforms. Another of his achievements was to settle many land disputes by carrying out a resurvey of the land, in which also Menon helped him. He also conducted the first
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The current observatory site was chosen on top of a laterite mount near the
Kanakakunnu hill, which was observed as having the best western sky views in Eastern hemisphere, being near the equator and the Arabian sea. He was instrumental in buying telescopes and tools to Trivandrum (via ship route
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A code of laws, courts of justice, introduction of English education, construction of an observatory, installation of the first Government printing press, establishment of the first manuscripts library were amongst the many initiatives taken by Swathi Thirunal, as a King, to modernize Travancore.
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What ever the reason, the Resident's intrusion in the administration was unbearable for the young King. To compound his problems, the deaths of his elder sister, father, wife Narayani and all three children (Narayani's) made the Maharajah distraught. He increasingly sought silence and solitude,
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Both intellectually and morally, he was indeed far beyond his country and equals in rank; in both respects he might have taken a high place among the most enlightened of European Sovereigns had his destiny been so cast. You will be grieved to learn about the demise of His Highness the Rajah of
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Rajah of Travancore, the great promoter of science in the East, was only twenty-eight years of age, and had not reigned more than ten years, yet, during that short period, he had caused himself to be distinguished by his accomplishments as well as by his' liberality. They would, no doubt, be
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earth and that many of our mathematical terms were also derived from the same source such as hexagon, heptagon, octagon... This promising boy is now, I conclude, sovereign of the finest country in India for he was to succeed to the Musnud (throne) the moment he had attained his 16th year.
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Nadar also attended the function and presented 1001 ponnu (ponnu-paun-Sovereign of Gold) which was a big presentation in that period. So the king was pleased and honoured him by awarding him 5 acres of land in Trivandrum with one of the greater award of Title "Thiru Mugam Parpu".
521:. This enabled him to give personal attention to government affairs. He took steps to curb corruption in the government and told even the Diwan to resign when he heard that the Diwan had acted to favour a particular party in a land dispute. He started an English school in
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Resident Jerond Cullen assumed almost sovereign authority. Such was his oppressive intrusion in the administration. The king was made totally powerless. Compounding this atrocity was the machinations of his aide Krishna Rao, who schemed with Cullen for his own personal
474:. A few months later, for the care of the baby, the Maharajah married another lady called Neelamma Pillai Ammachi by adopting her into the Thiruvattar Ammaveedu. He later married Sundara Lakshmi in 1843, a Saiva Mudaliar dancer, after adopting her into Vadasseri
478:. The story of the dancer Sugandhavalli who didn't get along with the King's first wife, Narayani Pillai Thankachi, has been disproved by R.P. Raja as nothing but fiction in his research treatise 'New Light on Swathi Thirunal'. In 1845 the King constructed the
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and told the Ammachi to sing it loudly in the King's presence; after hearing it the King was pleased and they reconciled immediately. This particular work of Thampi is considered by experts as one of the most beautiful Shringara (erotic)
843:, a 10-day music festival featuring exclusively the compositions of Maharaja Swathi Thirunal. Eminent Carnatic and Hindustani musicians participate in this unique musical event, which is conducted every year from 4 to 13 January at
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Swathi Thirunal was deeply interested in music right from childhood. Besides being an able ruler, he was a patron of music and was a musician himself. Researchers say that Swathi Thirunal affixed his compositions with the mudra
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Both his aunt/foster mother, who was well-versed in music, and his father, a Sanskrit scholar, took special care about his education. Col. Munro also is said to have taken a keen interest in his education. He started learning
611:(Upper Cloth Revolt). As a result of the revolt, the government changed the laws and allowed dalit men & women to wear upper clothes. Several taxes on the lower classes were also repealed by the Maharajah after protests.
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The literary works of Maharajah Swathi Thirunal include Bhakti Manjari', Syanandurapuravarnana Prabandham, Padmanabhasatakam, Muhanaprasa Antyaprasa Vyavastha, Ajamila, Kuchela Upakhyanas and Utsava Varnana Prabandha.
513:(she was the Regent for Swathi Thirunal in his boyhood) at the age of sixteen. He appointed his tutor, Sri Subba Rao, as the Prime Minister (Diwan). One of his first moves was to shift the government secretariat from
689:, though he was essentially a connoisseur of the Carnatic music tradition. He is credited with composing over 400 compositions in Carnatic and Hindustani music. Some of his favourite compositions were
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Despite the progress achieved in varied fields under Swathi Thirunal's reign, the Kingdom of Travancore, like the rest of British India, was in the grip of extreme caste discrimination against
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till the formation of Kerala State. He also started an engineering department, which was placed under the command of one Lieutenant Horsley. The Karamana bridge was built at that time.
321:, and his officials and declared in the Durbar that she was entrusting the East India Company with the care of her child and expected the company to co-operate with him in future.
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In 1829 Swathi Thirunal reached majority at 16 and assumed full powers of ruler and reigned as the Maharajah of Travancore until his death in 1846. He had an elder sister,
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star, and this is the reason why he was named Swathi Thirunal. He reigned under the regency of his mother from 1813 to 1815 and then under the regency of his maternal aunt
591:) severely criticized Swathi Thirunal for the then prevalent caste discrimination against the members of the lower classes in Travancore. He referred to the King as
757:(1775–1835), lived and enriched music during this period. Swathi Thirunal's palace also was home to many musicians and artistes of the period, including the famous
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H. H. Sree Padmanabhadasa Vanchipala Sree Ramavarma Kulasekhara Kiritapati Manney Sultan Maharajah Raja Ramaraja Bahadur, Shamsher Jang, Maharajah of Travancore
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player. Once there was a minor quarrel between Narayani Pillai Ammachi and her husband, the King. The quarrel continued for some days; the Ammachi approached
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to honour those musicians who have made valuable contributions to the field of music. It is also the highest honour for musicians by the
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1665: : Articles and compilations by Dr Achuthsankar S Nair in Sruthi Magazine, June 2013 and Journal of Madras Music Academy, 2009
258:. He was a great musician and composer who has to his credit over 400 classical compositions in both Carnatic and Hindustani style.
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and English. This was a period when music and art were thriving in many parts of south India. The triumvirate of Carnatic music,
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As a monarch, Swathi Thirunal was incredibly hardworking and supremely committed to his kingdom and people. The appointment of
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of Changanasseri Palace, and the elder son. While in the womb itself, he was proclaimed King and thus was referred to as
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as the Resident of Travancore, was the beginning of the end for the Maharajah. Historian P. Shungunny Menon wrote:
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The Journal the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland ran an obituary in 1847 which mourned that,
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at the age of six and English at the age of seven. The young Prince studied several languages, including
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The early death of this enlightened and princely patron of true science, is a subject of just regret.
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This article is about the king from the royal dynasty of Travancore. For the 1987 Indian film, see
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583:(the path of Ayya Vaikundar) and historians, a social reformer and iconoclast Ayya Vaikundar, an
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837:, renowned South Indian Classical musician and descendant of Swathi Thirunal, organizes the
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638:) and the Oriental Manuscript Library were started by Swathi Thirunal, the Museum and Zoo in
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census of the state in 1836. As per the census, the population of Travancore was 128,068.
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Narayani Pillai, Vadasseri Ammachi Panapillai Amma Neelamma Pillai, Sundara Lakshmi Pillai
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of 1841, wrote about the administrative reforms brought in by Maharajah Swathi Thirunal:
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with starting the first government press (the only press at that time was CMS Press in
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Ammaveedu for his third consort. Sundara Lakshmi, a great devotee of Lord Ganapati and
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926:, a 1967 documentary film about the king, directed by K. T. John, was produced by the
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New Light on Swathi Thirunal, Dr.R.P.Raja Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, 2006
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Srimathi Ayikutty Narayani Pillai Thankachi, a famed beauty of the Thiruvattar
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In 1829, at the age of sixteen, Maharajah Swathi Thirunal married Thiruvattar
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Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma with his father Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran by
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Sree Padmanabhadasa Sree Swathi Tirunāḷ Rāma Varma Kulashekhara Perumal
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for a solution. According to researchers he then created the famous
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Maharajah of Travancore, Hereditary Head of Padmanabhaswamy Temple
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until 1829. When he was just four months old, his mother invited
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Dr. Raja Rama Varma Rohani Thirunal, Prince of Mavelikara Palace
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709:. Swathi Thirunal was fluent in a number of languages including
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Thiruvattar Chithira Nal Ananthapadmanabhan Chempakaraman Thampi
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423:. Colonel Welsh summed up the boy King's genius as follows:
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Changanassery Lakshmipuram Palace's Raja Raja Varma Valiya
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A report on the English schools in Travancore appeared in
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as well. The Maharajah was also an honorary member of the
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Another area where Swathi Thirunal took interest was in
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and attracts music aficionados from across the globe.
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579:). According to the followers of the movement called
293:, on 16 April 1813. He was the second child of Queen
1348:"An enlightened and princely patron of true science"
1463:"The Life & Times of Irayimman Thampi – Part I"
896:based on his life was released. It was directed by
332:consecutively. Her only daughter was the mother of
1695:The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, Volume 48
1546:"Maharaja Swati Tirunal Rama Varma (1813 -- 1846)"
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486:Amma, resided there until her death in 1856.
53:Painting of Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma c.1842
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297:who ruled Travancore from 1810 to 1815, and
2377:Anizham Thirunal Veerabaala Marthanda Varma
595:(vile man of Ananthapuri); referred to the
358:), about Swathi Thirunal when he was born.
250:(16 April 1813 – 26 December 1846) was the
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1977:Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship
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1647:Thunchath Ezhuthachan Malayalam University
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445:family, was an expert Carnatic singer and
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1822:Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Thrissur
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328:, whose children ascended the Travancore
1527:"Compositions of Svati Tirunal Maharaja"
517:(about seventy-five kilometers away) to
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42:Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma of Travancore
2175:Category:Malayalam film score composers
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505:Swathi Thirunal took over the reins of
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1610:Documentary films and Indian Awakening
1412:Our Lady of Snows, Maravankudieruppu.
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527:the Maharajah's Government Free School
289:of Travancore, which is now a part of
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2170:Category:Malayalam-language lyricists
1972:Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award
1844:Maha Kavi Moyinkutty Vaidyar Smarakam
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1376:DEVNATH, LAKSHMI (27 December 2013).
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668:Contributions to music and literature
27:Maharaja of Travancore from 1829–1846
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615:Astronomy and Trivandrum Observatory
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2180:Category:Malayalam playback singers
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1467:Srishti's Carnatica Private Limited
1434:satyendran, nita (1 January 2010).
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490:As Reigning Maharajah of Travancore
24:
2730:Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran
1827:RLV College of Music and Fine Arts
1742:(as Maharani Regent of Travancore)
1652:Prince Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma
281:Swathi Thirunal was born into the
248:Sri Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma III
25:
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2863:Musicians from Thiruvananthapuram
2437:Uthradom Thirunal Marthanda Varma
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890:In 1987, a Malayalam film titled
525:in 1834, which came to be called
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1832:Swathi Thirunal College of Music
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2407:Uthram Thirunal Marthanda Varma
2387:Avittom Thirunal Balarama Varma
1987:Swaralaya Kairali Yesudas Award
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1590:"Sree Swathi Thirunal Maharaja"
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634:Trivandrum Public Library (now
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299:Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran
13:
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2451:Chiefs & Leading Families
2119:Mattannur Sankarankutty Marar
2038:Mavelikara Krishnankutty Nair
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924:Sree Swathi Thirunal Maharaja
863:is instituted in the name of
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2828:19th-century Indian monarchs
2417:Visakham Thirunal Rama Varma
2382:Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma
2043:Mavelikkara Prabhakara Varma
1837:Sree Rama Varma Music School
1487:New Light on Swathi Thirunal
1301:smara janaka shubha charithA
1220:sArasAksha paripAlaya mAmayi
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419:and so on were derived from
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336:. He had a younger brother,
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2878:19th-century male musicians
2412:Ayilyam Thirunal Rama Varma
1992:Swathi Sangeetha Puraskaram
1704:Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
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1414:"Maravankudieruppu/History"
1248:satatam tAvaka kara sEvitam
1136:jaya jaya padmanAbha murArE
1063:Deva mamayi pahi shadanana
988:(today, sung in rAgamalikA)
861:Swathi Sangeetha Puraskaram
855:Swathi Sangeetha Puraskaram
459:Prananaathan Enikku Nalkiya
285:dynasty of the Matrilineal
10:
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2699:Sri Moolam Thirunal Palace
2694:Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple
2442:Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma
2402:Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
2083:M. K. Sankaran Namboothiri
2013:Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
1642:List of Carnatic composers
1436:"Classic 'reconstruction'"
1105:Dheem Ta dhuniku taka dhIm
920:in other important roles.
603:(vile Black cheaters) and
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1461:Narayanaswami, Dr. P. P.
1164:kamala nayana jagadIswara
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1513:20 February 2006 at the
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317:, representative of the
2843:Maharajas of Travancore
2761:Ammachi Panapillai Amma
2048:Neyyattinkara Vasudevan
1919:Traditional Instruments
1812:Kerala Folklore Academy
1675:Swathi Thirunal Website
904:in the title role, and
531:Maharajah's High School
439:Ammachi Panapillai Amma
148:Ammachi Panapillai Amma
60:Maharajah of Travancore
2144:Sadanam Divakara Marar
2139:Peruvanam Kuttan Marar
2129:Neralattu Rama Poduval
2018:Shadkala Govinda Marar
1749:Maharaja of Travancore
1531:www.carnaticcorner.com
1378:"The Monarch musician"
1346:Nair, Achuthsankar S.
840:Swathi Sangeethotsavam
830:Swathi Sangeethotsavam
822:
806:
767:Shadkala Govinda Marar
665:
656:The Gardner's Magazine
502:
430:
278:
69:1813– 26 December 1846
32:Swathi Thirunal (film)
2868:Indian male composers
2605:V. S. Subramanya Iyer
2324:Kingdom of Travancore
2114:Kuzhur Narayana Marar
2109:Kalpathy Balakrishnan
2097:Traditional Musicians
1615:Publications Division
1008:Deva deva kalayami te
810:
793:
660:
644:Royal Asiatic Society
636:State Central Library
497:
425:
355:ഓമനത്തിങ്കള്ക്കിടാവോ
273:
256:Kingdom of Travancore
2766:Thampi and Thankachi
2718:Other notable people
2620:C. P. Ramaswami Iyer
2338:Travancore Rebellion
2058:T. V. Gopalakrishnan
979:BhAvayAmi RaghurAmam
876:Government of Kerala
755:Muthuswami Dikshitar
629:University of Kerala
2754:Related information
2684:Krishnapuram Palace
2674:Kanakakkunnu Palace
2615:Muhammad Habibullah
2565:K. Krishnaswamy Rao
2520:Thanjavur Subha Rao
2134:Pallavur Appu Marar
2078:M. G. Radhakrishnan
2001:Classical Musicians
1982:Harivarasanam Award
1817:Kerala Kalamandalam
1709:Kulasekhara Dynasty
1360:on 27 October 2020.
943:
928:Government of India
769:, and many others.
599:and the British as
593:Ananthapuri Neechan
535:Maharajah's College
349:Omanathinkal Kidavo
2838:Carnatic composers
2585:P. Rajagopalachari
2540:A. Seshayya Sastri
2489:Velu Thampi Dalawa
2479:Krishna Gopalayyan
2427:Sethu Lakshmi Bayi
2397:Gowri Parvati Bayi
2392:Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
2348:Upper Cloth Revolt
2124:Moyinkutty Vaidyar
1936:Kombu (instrument)
1738:Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
1607:Jag Mohan (1990).
1544:Sri PJ Narayanan.
942:
886:In popular culture
640:Thiruvananthapuram
540:University College
523:Thiruvananthapuram
519:Thiruvananthapuram
511:Gowri Parvati Bayi
503:
326:Gowri Rukmini Bayi
319:East India Company
315:Colonel John Munro
311:Gowri Parvati Bayi
295:Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
279:
222:Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
88:Gowri Parvati Bayi
2800:
2799:
2725:Thachudaya Kaimal
2625:P. G. N. Unnithan
2570:V. P. Madhava Rao
2560:S. Shungrasoobyer
2458:Thachudaya Kaimal
2290:
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2104:Appukutty Poduval
2088:L. Athira Krishna
2033:Palghat Mani Iyer
1765:
1764:
1756:Succeeded by
1743:
1624:978-81-230-2363-2
1594:filmsdivision.org
1563:"Swathi Thirunal"
1327:
1326:
1014:maya malava gowla
835:Prince Rama Varma
759:Thanjavur Quartet
707:Sree Ramana Vibho
529:and later became
484:Kanjirottu Yakshi
305:. He was born in
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2028:M. D. Ramanathan
2008:Irayimman Thampi
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820:
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753:(1762–1827) and
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553:Appellate Courts
537:. It is now the
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1996:
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1860:Kshetram vadyam
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1865:Kuzhal Pattu
1805:Institutions
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146:Thiruvattar
138:(Travancore)
131:(1846-12-27)
36:
2818:1846 deaths
2813:1813 births
2793:WikiProject
2600:M. E. Watts
2555:T. Rama Rao
2530:Krishna Rao
2494:Raman Menon
2269:WikiProject
2196:Balabhaskar
2149:V. M. Kutty
1890:Pandi Melam
1442:. THE HINDU
1313:Misra Chapu
1226:Pantuvarali
1198:hamsadhwani
1090:Ragamalika
1072:Misra Chapu
1067:Kedaragaula
948:Composition
900:. It stars
585:incarnation
180:Regnal name
90:(1815–1829)
2807:Categories
2735:G. V. Raja
2658:Trivandrum
2163:Film Music
1910:Thayambaka
1753:1813–1846
1659:References
1489:by RP Raja
1128:Hindustani
1110:dhana shRI
872:Travancore
859:The award
849:Trivandrum
761:brothers,
731:Hindustani
683:Hindustani
675:Padmanabha
581:Ayya Vazhi
507:Travancore
389:Hindustani
266:Early life
238:Occupation
136:Trivandrum
121:Travancore
115:1813-04-16
75:Coronation
2783:Templates
2667:Landmarks
2635:Divisions
2510:Reddy Row
2368:Maharajas
2245:Templates
2221:Ramakadha
1508:Gov-Music
1472:6 January
1446:6 January
1440:The Hindu
1382:THE HINDU
1142:Sarasangi
1099:Sanskrit
902:Anant Nag
865:Maharajah
763:Tyagaraja
747:Tyagaraja
711:Malayalam
695:Deva Deva
621:astronomy
564:Criticism
533:and then
480:Thanjavur
476:Ammaveedu
468:Malayalam
455:Malayalam
443:Ammaveedu
377:Malayalam
369:Malayalam
362:Education
95:Successor
2653:Southern
2643:Northern
2257:Category
1941:Madhalam
1636:See also
1574:12 March
1511:Archived
1419:12 March
1387:12 March
1321:Sanskrit
1282:Kambhoji
1268:Sanskrit
1240:Sanskrit
1212:Sanskrit
1184:Sanskrit
1156:Sanskrit
1080:Sanskrit
1056:Sanskrit
1028:Sanskrit
1000:Sanskrit
972:Language
906:Srividya
817:—
801:—
715:Sanskrit
649:Kottayam
597:Brahmins
549:District
421:Sanskrit
417:heptagon
409:geometry
401:Sanskrit
373:Sanskrit
252:Maharaja
232:Hinduism
228:Religion
2648:Central
2467:Dalawas
2331:History
1946:Mizhavu
1905:Sopanam
1121:tillAna
1096:Varnam
1042:Darbari
1036:dEvanke
992:Rupakam
735:Bengali
727:Kannada
719:Marathi
699:Devanke
413:hexagon
405:Persian
397:Marathi
381:Kannada
254:of the
1965:Awards
1956:Udukku
1951:Timila
1931:Idakka
1926:Chenda
1875:Oppana
1853:Genres
1720:
1621:
1292:Varnam
1020:Rupaka
985:Saveri
918:Murali
910:Ambika
825:Legacy
723:Telugu
589:Vishnu
577:dalits
545:Munsif
515:Kollam
472:Thampi
464:Padams
433:Family
393:Telugu
330:musnud
291:Kerala
218:Mother
207:Father
143:Spouse
84:Regent
2216:Yuvvh
1722:Died:
1715:Born:
1549:(TXT)
1358:(PDF)
1351:(PDF)
1330:Notes
1307:Behag
880:India
819:quote
803:quote
788:gain.
777:Death
743:Oriya
739:Tamil
570:Hindu
447:Veena
385:Tamil
307:Svati
283:Venad
196:House
169:Names
156:Issue
66:Reign
1619:ISBN
1576:2014
1568:IMDb
1474:2015
1448:2015
1421:2014
1389:2014
1295:VRP
1093:Adi
967:Type
961:Tala
954:Raga
916:and
705:and
685:and
551:and
371:and
126:Died
109:Born
79:1813
1260:Adi
1232:Adi
1204:Adi
1176:Adi
1148:Adi
1115:Adi
1048:Adi
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