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attractive and were expected to "...bring about an increase in its membership." Excavations were also proposed for the installation of an electric motor to power the School's lighting. However, after the government took over the
Technical and Working Men's College and then stopped leasing the SMSA hall for the new Sydney Technical College at the beginning of 1888, the loss of income to the School meant that this work did not proceed. A continuing downturn in income saw further changes made to the SMSA building in a bid to improve finances. Between 1891 and 1894 the rents received by the SMSA fell from £1670 to £439 per annum. The decision to build shops into the front of the building was taken and in 1895–96 three shops were added to the ground floor in what had been the library and committee room provided much-needed revenue for the SMSA which was otherwise in decline. With falling cash reserves, by the early 1980s the SMSA found it increasingly difficult to maintain the building and began to consider selling the site.
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back to the School. College enrolments rose from 720 in the first year to 1198 in the second, and continued to increase over subsequent years. However lack of space was a perennial problem and college courses were soon being held in other rooms and buildings around the city. In addition, limited funding hampered further increases in the program, and in 1883 the New South Wales government took over the college, transforming it into the basis of a new technical college, which became the foundation for the
581:, the first of a series of temporary homes over the next 12 years. Negotiations continued over the future of the building with a sale finally secured in 1996 to the Japanese consortium Kumagai/Sogo. The funds from the sale allowed the SMSA to purchase in 1996 Lincoln House across the road at 280 Pitt Street – a 10-storey brick building with street-level retail premises and nine commercial office levels. In March 2000 the SMSA moved in and occupied the first three floors of the building.
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390:. This was later replaced by an Act of the same name in 1886 that allowed greater financial freedom to the school's governing committee (namely the ability to borrow money and sell school assets) and amended in 1929 and 1940 to allow, respectively, the sale of the land granted by Governor Bourke and a reduction in size of the committee.
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The new building served the SMSA well, providing more room for concerts and performances, larger reading rooms and reference library as well as updated facilities including new overhead gas lighting. Already "one of the most prosperous institutions in the colony...", the renovations made it even more
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Herald advising the public that the Sydney
Mechanics' School of Arts building was for sale. The sale was proposed to fund the relocation of the school to a new site to allow for the construction of a larger building. It appears, however, that there was a change of heart, for the Committee of the SMSA
424:
The original role of such
Mechanic's Institutes was to provide education for adults who had received little formal education as children. Thus most of the Schools of Arts and Institutes had libraries attached, and in NSW the government provided grants for the purchase of books. But over the years, as
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In
February 1837 the SMSA moved into their new building in Pitt Street. Although it had been established in 1833, it had no premises. The initial meetings were held in rooms around the city, firstly in the Australian College, and from 1834 until 1837 in rooms allocated in the house formerly occupied
277:
Mechanics' Institutes were a recent phenomenon – the first one had been set up in
Scotland in 1821 – and their aim was the intellectual improvement of their members, through the diffusion of scientific and other useful knowledge, and the cultivation of literature, science and art. While it still had
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with keystones, corbelled cornice and interlocking circles with a central panel inscribed "Sydney School of Arts", all of which are still visible. With the building works completed, but with a £2000 debt, classes continued. Ongoing repairs and alterations, such as new skylights to the reading room,
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seeking permission for the SMSA to sell or swap a parcel of land set aside for it in George Street South for the purpose of purchasing a site in a more central location. With the funds available the SMSA Committee was able to move quickly when the neighbouring building, the
Independent Chapel, was
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The college was built at the rear of the Pitt Street buildings on newly acquired land that extended back to George Street, and included a new hall, laboratories, classrooms, offices and a yard area. The college breathed new life into the SMSA, with courses on practical learning attracting workers
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called the "Arthouse Hotel" which now occupied the site. The new managers included courses in drawing, photography and art as part of their program, continuing a link with the cultural and educational programs that had been a focus of the SMSA. In 1999 the building was added to the
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Work began in earnest in early 1860 which joined the two formerly separate buildings of the old SMSA and the
Independent Chapel into one frontage. Internally the walls of the older buildings and many of the internal spaces were retained and adapted. The new façade was designed in a
350:(who had been elected to the council of the Australian College in 1831) the school flourished and became one of the leading providers of adult education in the colony with more than 1500 students attending lectures and classes. Among those who gave classes were artist and teacher
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put on the market on 7 January 1855. Purchasing this site gave the School the opportunity to double the size of its building without having to relocate. With this in mind, a public appeal for donations to fund proposed works was advertised in newspapers from 1856.
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A certain
Literary Society or Institution was established in Sydney in the year 1833 under the name and style of the Sydney Mechanics’ School of Arts, the objects being the intellectual improvement of its members and the cultivation of literature, science and
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facilities. By the 1970s, the SMSA was in financial difficulty with a large heritage building to maintain but a declining membership. It eventually sold its original building to raise capital in 1987 and moved into new premises across the road in 2000.
566:, and convert the remainder into a monorail station with a tower behind as part of the "Park Plaza" Project. The SMSA would be allowed to remain on site in a condensed form. Before any work could begin, Bondcorp went
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soon recognised the efforts of the School of Arts and provided a land grant and a small annual subsidy to support its work. In 1836, aided by various philanthropists, the school was able to lease vacant land at 275
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district, which were provided by the
Governor until the School could obtain a site for a permanent home. In January 1836 a lease was secured for a vacant site in Pitt Street adjacent to the
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By the 1870s, some in the SMSA felt that the institution was drifting from its original purpose of educating the working class of Sydney and so proposed the expansion of its scope into
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Founded in 1833, the school counted many of the colony's educated elite as members, and quickly positioned itself as a centre for social change and intellectual life of the city of
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development, the former SMSA building was restored and repaired. Many of the original features of the reading rooms, library, halls and
Independent Chapel were retained in the new
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With the future of the building at stake, the New South Wales Heritage Office placed a Permanent Conservation Order on the building in 1985. In 1987 the school sold the
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The aim was to pursue further education for working men through public lectures and classes, and the establishment of a library. The colonial administration of Governor
409:. This continued to operate from the SMSA building and other rented properties in the city until it moved to the purpose-built technical college at Harris Street in
807:
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This article is about the non-profit organisation. For the building that formerly housed the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts and known as the Arthouse Hotel, see
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some 21,000 convicts, the free and freed population of Sydney was growing, and assisted immigration was helping to create a new society. The establishment of a
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to erect a Mechanics' School of Arts building in March 1836 and the building was completed in time for the SMSA Annual General meeting on 6 February 1837.
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in 1832. The following year the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts was founded after a meeting on 22 March between Carmichael with Surveyor-General
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Carmichael gave classes to some of these men. They formed the nucleus of a Mechanics' Institute when they arrived in Sydney.
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218:. Now in new premises, the SMSA continues to offer public education programs and grants today. In 2011, the SMSA opened
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purchased the building and the leasehold of the property itself, and began planning extensions on the site.
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with a program of public lectures, courses, lending library and other activities based on its mission of
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The need for extra space was a constant concern for the SMSA. In 1852 a petition was presented to the
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a step closer. Businessmen with a social conscience set up "civilising" institutions such as the
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Annual Report & Audited Accounts of the SMSA for the year 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2007
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published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
1350:"The history of the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts from its foundation in 1833 to the 1880s"
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In the meantime the Sydney School of Arts building underwent a transformation. As part of the
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Thesis submitted to the School of General Studies for the Degree of Master of Arts in History
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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386:. The school was originally incorporated under its own Act of Parliament in 1874 with the
8:
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Huxley, John (2008). "Oasis of reading quenches thirst for knowledge - 175 years young".
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Dictionary of Sydney historical entries sponsored by Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts
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the colonial (and later State) governments began to take greater responsibility for
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who "...resolved to found an institution similar to those established in England by
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lining of walls and ceilings and other works, contributed to costs for the School.
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and simple surgery. Officers and teachers of the school, such as Nicholson and Dr
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Under the leadership of such men as Carmichael and Nicholson, Mitchell, engineer
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916:. NSW: National Library of Australia. 5 April 1837. p. 2 Edition: EVENING
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By the early 1830s, Sydney Town had come a long way from its origins as a
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In January 1845, an advertisement appeared in the newly retitled Sydney
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and the mortgage was taken up by a Japanese construction company
562:'s Bondcorp who proposed to gut the building, retaining only the
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This Knowledge article is substantially built upon the essays "
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222:, which holds the research collection of world-renowned author
211:
203:(SMSA) is the longest running School of Arts (also known as a "
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888:. NSW: National Library of Australia. 14 June 1879. p. 24
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in 1988. The buildings are now used as the main campus of the
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Library Reading Room, 275 Pitt Street, Sydney, ca. 1925, by
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in Sydney and sent Henry Carmichael to recruit craftsmen in
1155:. National Library of Australia. 5 February 1889. p. 4
1127:. National Library of Australia. 7 February 1866. p. 3
310:, and other distinguished promoters of popular education."
207:") and the oldest continuous lending library in Australia.
1430:" (2010) written by Catherine Freyne and Mark Dunn in the
1043:. National Library of Australia. 3 January 1845. p. 1
1015:. National Library of Australia. 31 March 1836. p. 1
744:
Sydney Mechanics School of Arts Incorporation Act of 1886
1071:. National Library of Australia. 14 July 1852. p. 2
1099:. National Library of Australia. 5 July 1856. p. 2
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Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts, Annual Report 1988
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Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts, Annual Report 1894
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577:In 1988 the SMSA moved out of its original home to
804:New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage
388:Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts Incorporation Act
46:Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts, pictured in 2022
382:, also played a role in the establishment of the
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1375:The Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts: A History
493:of the original SMSA building, pictured in 1869
468:and opened in 1830. Tenders were called for in
1403:This Knowledge article contains material from
453:Captain Francis Rossi at "Church Hill" in the
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226:from his private collection and memorabilia.
1485:Educational institutions established in 1833
550:The main bar of the new Arthouse hotel, 2009
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268:. On the return journey in 1831 aboard the
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1449:Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts website
1364:Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts (2007).
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1197:Department of Planning & Environment
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774:Australasian Legal Information Institute
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1409:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1328:Howard Tanner & Associates (1987).
1192:New South Wales State Heritage Register
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1500:Arts organizations established in 1833
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1269:from the original on 16 November 2012
937:"Technical and Working Men's College"
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657:from the original on 16 November 2012
1287:The Arthouse Hotel website homepage
1265:. Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts.
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718:. Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts.
653:. Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts.
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1510:Subscription libraries in Australia
885:Australian Town and Country Journal
857:from the original on 4 October 2013
399:Technical and Working Men's College
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1505:Schools of Arts in New South Wales
1321:"Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts"
1119:"SYDNEY MECHANICS' SCHOOL OF ARTS"
880:"Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts"
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680:"Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts"
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244:Mechanics' institutes in Australia
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1147:"SYDNEY MECHANICS SCHOOL OF ARTS"
987:from the original on 1 March 2011
949:from the original on 29 June 2012
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413:in 1891 which in turn became the
1515:1833 establishments in Australia
1424:Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts
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1176:, pp.11–12. Cited in Dunn (2010)
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60:Sydney central business district
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712:"About the Tom Keneally Centre"
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415:University of Technology Sydney
238:SMSA Act of incorporation, 1886
1438:. Imported on 2 December 2012.
1418:, accessed on 13 October 2018.
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1358:Australian National University
1063:"LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. TUESDAY"
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845:"The School of Arts movement"
753:(which replaced the original
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464:, which had been designed by
366:, and subjects included art,
1319:Attraction Homepage (2007).
776:. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
256:were increasing in numbers.
80:; 191 years ago
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1373:Wotherspoon, Garry (2013).
908:"Mechanics' School of Arts"
802:. Database number 5045541:
799:NSW State Heritage Register
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595:NSW State Heritage Register
284:Governor of New South Wales
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1407:, entry number 366 in the
843:Freyne, Catherine (2010).
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1233:The Sydney Morning Herald
1152:The Sydney Morning Herald
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451:Superintendent of Police
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407:Sydney Technical College
1312:"Sydney School of Arts"
1289:thearthousehotel.com.au
1187:"Sydney School of Arts"
794:"Sydney School of Arts"
220:The Tom Keneally Centre
1348:Johnson, R. I (1967),
1248:. Cited in Dunn (2010)
558:at 275 Pitt Street to
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242:Further information:
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1465:Dictionary of Sydney
1432:Dictionary of Sydney
980:Dictionary of Sydney
942:Dictionary of Sydney
850:Dictionary of Sydney
685:Dictionary of Sydney
384:University of Sydney
205:Mechanics' Institute
161:-33.87418; 151.20818
1434:and licensed under
973:Dunn, Mark (2010).
935:Dunn, Mark (2011).
499:Legislative Council
395:technical education
335:Charter of the SMSA
292:Savings Bank of NSW
280:legislative council
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368:mathematics
358:, explorer
320:Pitt Street
159: /
147:151°12′29″E
135:Coordinates
127:, Australia
117:Pitt Street
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1273:5 December
1203:13 October
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144:33°52′27″S
104:Non-profit
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531:fanlights
362:and poet
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1436:CC BY-SA
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298:and Dr
230:History
182:Website
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