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The flea that feeds on prairie dogs and other mammals serves as the vector for transmission of sylvatic plague to the new host, primarily through flea bites, or contact with contaminated fluids or tissue, through predation or scavenging. Humans can contract plague from wildlife through flea bites and
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An oral live vaccine for prairie dogs was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, National
Wildlife Health Center, from a recombinant raccoon poxvirus expressing plague antigens. It was originally developed by a Fort Detrick company in 2003 which showed it protected mice against lethal plague.
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circulates in rodent reservoirs on all continents except
Australia. Sylvatic plague affects over 50 species of rodents worldwide. It is vectored by a variety of flea species. Non-rodent animals susceptible to the disease include
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and play a vital role as the primary prey of black-footed ferrets. Developing methods to control plague is of high concern for preserving ferrets and the conservation of
Western prairie and grassland ecosystems.
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Factors that predispose to epizootic cycles include dense populations of rodents, multiple species of rodents in a particular area, and multiple rodent species in diverse habitats.
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Osorio JE, Powell TD, Frank RS, Moss K, Haanes EJ, Smith SR, Rocke TE, Stinchcomb DT (2003). "Recombinant raccoon pox vaccine protects mice against lethal plague".
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to kill fleas is currently the main method of controlling sylvatic plague in the wild, with some interest in using vaccines developing.
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in humans. Sylvatic, or sylvan, means 'occurring in woodland,' and refers specifically to the form of plague in rural wildlife.
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in unexpected places. It is during these epizootic outbreaks that transmission to humans is most common.
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Prairie dog colonies reach nearly 100% mortality rates during outbreaks. Prairie dogs are a
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USGS (July 2013). "Sylvatic Plague
Immunization in Black-footed Ferrets and Prairie Dogs".
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In the absence of understanding the prairie dog/plague cycles, dusting rodent dens with
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plague is most commonly found in prairie dog colonies and some
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Scanning electron microphotograph depicting a mass of
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78:It is primarily transmitted among wildlife through
323:. Black-footed Ferret Recovery Implementation Team
82:bites and contact with infected tissue or fluids.
525:Cronaca fiorentina di Marchionne di Coppo Stefani
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345:. Center for Disease Control. 15 November 2021.
283:"Plague: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1372"
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221:Wildlife disease control and prevention
63:. It is the same bacterium that causes
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75:refers to the form in urban wildlife.
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358:USGS National Wildlife Health Center
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321:"History of the Black Footed Ferret"
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31:) in the foregut of the flea vector
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281:Abbott, R.C.; Rocke, T.E (2012).
195:are not known to be susceptible.
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111:Epidemiology and distribution
198:Sylvatic plague is normally
16:Infectious bacterial disease
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55:) that primarily affects
27:bacteria (the cause of
42:disease caused by the
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530:In medieval culture
520:Persecution of Jews
98:Transmission vector
92:black-footed ferret
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561:Holy Roman Empire
379:(11–12): 1232–8.
343:"Plague Symptoms"
297:"Sylvatic Plague"
248:Grasshopper mouse
38:is an infectious
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640:Plague (disease)
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304:. Retrieved
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73:Urban plague
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571:Middle East
464:Black Death
424:Black Death
414:In Our Time
409:Black Death
243:Black Death
90:, like the
306:2021-02-19
264:References
227:pesticides
125:lagomorphs
59:, such as
500:Migration
478:Pandemics
258:Epizootic
204:epizootic
103:handling
88:mustelids
47:bacterium
40:bacterial
634:Category
609:Category
471:Thematic
393:12559803
237:See also
200:enzootic
185:primates
84:Sylvatic
619:Commons
551:England
546:Denmark
417:at the
373:Vaccine
161:cougars
157:bobcats
145:coyotes
141:weasels
133:badgers
129:ferrets
65:bubonic
57:rodents
591:Sweden
581:Poland
576:Norway
556:France
505:Causes
488:Second
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327:25 Oct
189:humans
183:, and
165:camels
137:skunks
121:shrews
44:plague
586:Spain
566:Italy
493:Third
483:First
193:Birds
173:sheep
169:goats
389:PMID
329:2013
181:deer
177:pigs
153:cats
151:and
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