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We believe in one God, true, almighty, and infinite, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit; the Father unbegotten; the Son begotten of the Father before the ages, and consubstantial with Him; and the Holy Spirit proceeding from the Father, and consubstantial with the Father and the Son. These
1772:
Christ guides. A shield of the
Orthodox Faith, or the Apology composed by the Synod of Jerusalem under the Patriarch of Jerusalem Dositheus against the Calvinist heretics, who falsely say that the Eastern Church thinks heretically about God and Divine things as they
1782:", which text is explained and enlarged upon at length. It tells the story of the summoning of the synod, and vehemently denies that the Eastern Orthodox Church ever held the opinions attributed to Lucaris. To show this, the relations between the
1012:
487:
497:
1918:
books of the
Orthodox Church, and form an official creed or declaration in the strictest sense, which every Orthodox Christian is bound to accept." Nevertheless, Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan
542:
547:
1861:, liturgy being a real sacrifice, etc.) are maintained at great length and in the most uncompromising way. A short epilogue closes the acts. Then follow the date, signatures, and seals.
517:
1830:
Chapter v again tries to defend
Lucaris by quoting various deeds and sayings of his and transcribes the whole decree of the synod of Constantinople of 1639, and then that of Yassy (
832:
2312:
They are furious about the Non-Jurors' denial of transubstantiation (after the
Bethlehem synod) and they call the Non-Jurors' denial, criticism, even hesitation, blasphemous
1529:
and asserting that
Calvinism was in fact the faith of the Eastern Church. His E. Orthodox defenders claim that the book was a forgery. Cyril did not disavow it in writing.
537:
39:
607:
2245:"Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - § 17. The Synod of Jerusalem and the Confession of Dositheus, A.D. 1672"
1446:
522:
1790:
are quoted as well as the acts of former synods (Constantinople and Yassy). An elaborate attempt is then made to prove that
Lucaris did not really write the famous
884:
1517:. It contained an eighteen-point summary of beliefs that conformed with Calvinist teaching. French, English and German translations appeared in the same year. A
527:
845:
532:
344:
1878:
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731:
462:
1910:
states the decrees of the synod "have been accepted unreservedly by the whole
Orthodox Church. They were at once approved by the other patriarchs, the
2506:
2883:
Even though the
Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.
648:
512:
492:
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507:
502:
2373:
The acts and decrees of the Synod of
Jerusalem, sometimes called the Council of Bethlehem, holden under Dositheus, Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1672
1115:
383:
339:
1022:
1900:
called the confession of the Synod of
Jerusalem "the most vital statement of faith made in the Greek Church during the past thousand years."
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1439:
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435:
3000:
1231:
638:
445:
180:
65:
2107:
2183:
Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healey, John F., eds. (2017-09-01) . "Lucaris, Cyril (1572-1638)".
1999:
Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healey, John F., eds. (2017-09-01) . "Jerusalem, Synod of (1672)".
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1853:(relationship between the Church and the Bible, Eastern Orthodox understanding of predestination, cult of saints, sacraments, the
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Chapter iii maintains that, even if Lucaris had written the confession attributed to him, it would not thereby become a
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three Persons in one essence we call the All-holy Trinity, — by all creation to be ever blessed, glorified, and adored.
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1937:. Both fixed the doctrinal status of the Churches they represent, and both condemned the evangelical doctrines of
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wrote: "This Synod is the most important in the modern history of the Eastern Church, and may be compared to the
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Protestant writers say that the strong hostility toward Protestantism of the synod was the product of the
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1959:,' in the presence of 'the brethren,' freely discussed and adjusted, in a spirit of love, without
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Chapter iv defends the Eastern Orthodox Church by quoting her formularies, and contains a list of
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1642:) and that those are not "merely symbolic or expressive"; moreover, the synod affirmed that the
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1888:, the Eastern Patriarchs insisted on acceptance of the Synod's teaching on transubstantiation.
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is compared clause by clause with other statements made by him in sermons and in other works.
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Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
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whose "statements of faith have in part been received but in part set aside or corrected".
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appeared in Constantinople in 1631 or 1633. Lucaris was accused of adopting in this book
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of this synod in the form of a "Confession of Dositheus". It has eighteen decrees (
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summoned it on the occasion of consecrating said Church of the Nativity in 1672.
1563:. It is also possible that the synod is referred to as Synod of Bethlehem because
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1200:
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of the Eastern Orthodox Church, but would remain merely the private opinion of a
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to no one, and tries to find further reasons for doubting his authorship.
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2111:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 335.
1570:
The synod was summoned in March 1672 and then took place the same year.
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In chapter ii, the synod declares that in any case Lucaris showed the
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The synod affirmed "the teaching role of the church and therefore of
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2873:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church.
2078:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1870:
1849:) with long answers. In these, all the points denied by Lucaris'
1838:
1743:
1731:
1070:
920:
378:
Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
270:
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
2127:"The Greek Orthodox Position on the Confession of Cyril Lucaris"
1922:
describes the synod as one among many held in the period of the
1874:
1539:
was condemned by the 1638 Synod of Constantinople and the 1642
1514:
1357:
950:
1915:
1809:
1747:
1651:
1591:
1510:
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968:
2326:
The Orthodox Church: An Introduction to Eastern Christianity
1770:
of the synod are dated 20 March 1672; they bear the title:
930:
2925:
2370:
Robertson, James Nathaniel William Beauchamp, ed. (1899).
1722:
of the synod are signed by Dositheus, his predecessor the
2182:
1998:
2581:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445)
1742:, Josaphat, and a great number of other archimandrites,
2961:
351:
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
2189:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 295.
2005:. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 267.
1914:, etc.; they are always printed in full among the
1754:. There are sixty-eight signatures in total. The
3071:
2186:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity
2002:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity
1780:There is a time to speak and a time to be silent
1884:In their correspondence with the 18th-century
1687:canon". The synod also rejected the theses of
1497:In 1629, a small book in Latin, attributed to
2911:
2396:
2120:
2118:
1667:(μετουσίωσις). The synod also "confirmed the
1440:
1778:The first part begins by quoting the text: "
1492:
1477:The synod was convoked and presided over by
3001:Development of the Christian biblical canon
2124:
2918:
2904:
2403:
2389:
2376:. Harvard University. New York, AMS Press.
2115:
1546:
1447:
1433:
2369:
2298:"The Non-Jurors and the Eastern Orthodox"
1644:Christ was truly present in the eucharist
1523:Eastern Confession of the Christian Faith
2777:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)
2295:
2094:
1945:, and present a strange contrast to the
1618:". The synod also affirmed "the role of
2877:
2410:
1578:The synod rejected the doctrine of the
3072:
1823:against the perceived heresies of the
1573:
1555:, because the synod took place at the
1551:The Synod of Jerusalem is also called
2942:Development of the Hebrew Bible canon
2899:
2384:
2178:
2176:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
1941:. Both were equally hierarchical and
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2238:
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2230:
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2042:
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2030:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1963:, the great controversy between the
1761:
1758:was represented by a monk, Timothy.
1470:held in 1672. It is also called the
1403:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
1013:Differences from the Catholic Church
879:History of Eastern Orthodox theology
2249:Christian Classics Ethereal Library
725:Other possible ecumenical councils:
488:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
13:
2242:
2173:
1505:, and commonly referred to as the
14:
3126:
2346:
2227:
2095:Rockwell, William Walker (1911).
2085:
2027:
1981:
1845:), followed by four "questions" (
1594:in areas at issue in the Western
595:American Orthodox Catholic Church
3085:Eastern Orthodox Church councils
2960:
2805:State church of the Roman Empire
2073:
1634:". The synod affirmed the seven
1605:of Lucaris article by article.
1590:". The synod "defined Orthodox
1565:Patriarch Dositheus of Jerusalem
1479:Patriarch Dositheus of Jerusalem
498:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
38:
3037:Westminster Confession of Faith
2636:First seven ecumenical councils
2500:First seven ecumenical councils
2420:First seven ecumenical councils
2354:The Confession of Cyril Lucaris
2317:
2224: (archived 26 January 2020)
2125:Michaelides, George P. (1943).
818:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
679:First Seven Ecumenical Councils
2289:
2261:
2211:
1:
2328:(3rd ed.). p. 196.
2269:"The Confession of Dositheus"
2064:. Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913
1974:
1947:first Synod held in Jerusalem
1891:
1788:Jeremias II of Constantinople
1646:and taught this by using the
1248:Intercession of the Theotokos
1023:Opposition to papal supremacy
842:Moscow–Constantinople schism
543:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
16:Eastern Orthodox synod (1672)
3100:17th-century church councils
2324:Ware, Timothy (2015-08-06).
1864:
1698:The Synod affirmed that the
1693:justification by faith alone
1689:unconditional predestination
1532:Cyril Lucaris died in 1638.
813:Christianization of Bulgaria
7:
2360:The Confession of Dositheus
2098:"Jerusalem, Synod of"
1507:Confession of Cyril Lucaris
1503:Patriarch of Constantinople
1368:Photios I of Constantinople
885:20th century (Neo-Palamism)
808:Christianization of Georgia
10:
3131:
3095:1672 in the Ottoman Empire
1886:Non-Juror Anglican bishops
1713:
1018:Opposition to the Filioque
561:Noncanonical jurisdictions
3115:Christianity in Bethlehem
3110:17th century in Jerusalem
3105:Christianity in Jerusalem
3050:
2979:Christian biblical canons
2969:
2958:
2934:
2871:
2853:Conference of Addis Ababa
2768:
2721:
2666:
2621:
2487:
2418:
2296:Langford, H. W. (2001) .
1877:ambassador at that time,
1493:Background: Cyril Lucaris
1255:The four fasting periods:
1136:Eastern Orthodox marriage
744:Other important councils:
600:American World Patriarchs
518:Great Britain and Ireland
2926:Part of a series on the
2670:Oriental Orthodox Church
2062:"Jerusalem (After 1291)"
1708:from both Father and Son
1298:Athanasius of Alexandria
548:United States of America
340:Czech Lands and Slovakia
162:Four Marks of the Church
2994:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible
2845:Synod of Constantinople
2626:Eastern Orthodox Church
2108:Encyclopædia Britannica
1898:Encyclopædia Britannica
1810:confession of the faith
1673:deutero-canonical books
1547:Name, date and location
1487:Confession of Dositheus
1481:. The synod produced a
1131:Eastern Orthodox bowing
32:Eastern Orthodox Church
1724:ex-patriarch Nectarius
1601:The Synod refuted the
1557:Church of the Nativity
1408:Eastern Orthodox cross
573:Spiritual Christianity
2195:10.1002/9781405166584
2011:10.1002/9781405166584
1907:Catholic Encyclopedia
1837:Chapter vi gives the
1418:Statistics by country
1343:Maximus the Confessor
771:Constantinople (1872)
3090:1672 in Christianity
3032:Thirty-nine Articles
2947:Samaritan Pentateuch
2861:Pan-Orthodox Council
1580:Protestant Reformers
1353:Theodore the Studite
1318:Gregory of Nazianzus
1176:Russian bell ringing
1101:Liturgical entrances
911:Essence vs. Energies
906:Contemplative prayer
659:Evangelical Orthodox
481:Episcopal assemblies
204:Ecumenical Patriarch
157:Apostolic succession
3080:Ecumenical councils
3060:Christianity portal
2758:Synod of Beth Lapat
2412:Ecumenical councils
2302:anglicanhistory.org
1929:Protestant scholar
1924:ecumenical councils
1626:, and therefore of
1612:against Protestant
1574:Synod and decisions
1509:, was published in
1485:referred to as the
1363:Cyril and Methodius
1333:Cyril of Alexandria
1220:Liturgical calendar
1036:Liturgy and worship
672:Ecumenical councils
75:History of theology
3042:Synod of Jerusalem
2837:Synod of Jerusalem
2750:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
2725:Church of the East
2469:Constantinople III
1879:Olivier de Nointel
1650:equivalent to the
1553:Synod of Bethlehem
1472:Synod of Bethlehem
1461:Synod of Jerusalem
1313:Cyril of Jerusalem
1243:Feast of Orthodoxy
538:Spain and Portugal
46:Christ Pantocrator
3067:
3066:
3014:Prologus Galeatus
2952:Council of Jamnia
2893:
2892:
2821:Quinisext Council
2722:Recognized by the
2667:Recognized by the
2644:Constantinople IV
2622:Recognized by the
2507:Constantinople IV
2489:Recognized by the
2461:Constantinople II
2335:978-0-141-98063-8
2204:978-1-4051-6658-4
2020:978-1-4051-6658-4
1794:. To do this the
1762:Acts of the synod
1656:transubstantiatio
1527:Calvinistic views
1457:
1456:
1308:Basil of Caesarea
1303:Ephrem the Syrian
1186:Sign of the cross
1161:Paschal troparion
941:Mystical theology
751:Quinisext Council
452:Semi-Autonomous:
97:View of salvation
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3025:Council of Trent
2989:Protestant Bible
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1935:Council of Trent
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1756:Church of Russia
1679:, rejecting the
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1348:John of Damascus
1323:Gregory of Nyssa
1151:Paschal greeting
1116:Memorial service
926:Hypostatic union
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588:Old Calendarists
209:Episcopal polity
152:Christian Church
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523:Italy and Malta
482:
474:
473:
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450:
441:Bessarabia (RP)
405:
394:
393:
392:
390:
388:
365:
349:
345:North Macedonia
268:
257:
256:
255:
183:
173:
172:
171:
140:
137:
122:
114:
52:
17:
12:
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3128:
3118:
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2137:(2): 118–129.
2131:Church History
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2084:
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1920:Kallistos Ware
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1715:
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1971:Christians."
1970:
1966:
1962:
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1939:Protestantism
1936:
1932:
1931:Philip Schaff
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1901:
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1889:
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1721:
1711:
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1696:
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1678:
1677:Old Testament
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:justification
1629:
1625:
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1611:
1606:
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1490:
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1291:Major figures
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1262:Nativity Fast
1260:
1259:
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1236:Other feasts:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:Paschal cycle
1225:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
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1127:
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984:
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975:
972:
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927:
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904:
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839:
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836:
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831:
829:
826:
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786:
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772:
769:
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541:
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531:
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528:Latin America
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436:Americas (RP)
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404:jurisdictions
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267:jurisdictions
266:
265:Autocephalous
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110:View of icons
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20:
3058:
3054:Bible portal
3052:
3041:
3012:
2879:
2836:
2793:Great Church
2658:(1341–1351)*
2653:
2643:
2372:
2353:
2325:
2319:
2311:
2305:. Retrieved
2301:
2291:
2282:
2276:. Retrieved
2272:
2263:
2252:. Retrieved
2248:
2213:
2185:
2134:
2130:
2106:
2066:. Retrieved
2001:
1953:
1949:, when 'the
1928:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1883:
1868:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1827:of Lucaris.
1824:
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1506:
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1471:
1460:
1458:
1413:Saint titles
1393:Architecture
1386:Other topics
1091:Jesus Prayer
1002:
995:
978:
961:
955:
946:Nicene Creed
921:Holy Trinity
896:Apophaticism
846:15th–16th c.
823:Great Schism
765:
463:Estonia (MP)
451:
446:Moldova (MP)
421:Estonia (EP)
389:
377:
366:
352:
350:
199:Patriarchate
181:Organization
147:Christianity
134: /
132:Resurrection
130: /
104:View of Mary
102:
95:
50:Hagia Sophia
2711:Ephesus III
2613:(1962–1965)
2605:(1869–1870)
2597:(1545–1563)
2589:(1512–1517)
2573:(1414–1418)
2565:(1311–1312)
2531:Lateran III
1834:) of 1641.
1752:theologians
1664:metousiosis
1596:Reformation
1588:Protestants
1166:Prayer rope
1086:Iconostasis
1076:Euchologion
1061:Apolytikion
936:Metousiosis
901:Chrismation
533:Scandinavia
239:Monasticism
194:Autocephaly
128:Crucifixion
3074:Categories
2935:Background
2703:Ephesus II
2611:Vatican II
2539:Lateran IV
2523:Lateran II
2307:2021-11-11
2278:2021-11-11
2273:ELCore.Net
2254:2021-11-11
2068:2008-07-10
1975:References
1943:intolerant
1892:Importance
1851:Confession
1825:Confession
1803:Confession
1796:Confession
1792:Confession
1700:Holy Ghost
1681:Protestant
1669:canonicity
1640:sacraments
1603:Confession
1537:Confession
1483:confession
1267:Great Lent
1146:Paraklesis
1126:Omophorion
1081:Holy Water
980:Philokalia
639:Montenegro
468:ROCOR (MP)
458:Crete (EP)
431:China (MP)
426:Japan (MP)
402:Autonomous
280:Alexandria
121:Background
44:Mosaic of
2970:Christian
2646:(879–880)
2603:Vatican I
2587:Lateran V
2571:Constance
2515:Lateran I
2509:(869–870)
2477:Nicaea II
2471:(680–681)
2453:Chalcedon
2167:162495558
2151:0009-6407
1961:anathemas
1896:The 1911
1873:, of the
1865:Aftermath
1847:eroteseis
1821:anathemas
1784:Lutherans
1683:shorter,
1636:mysteries
1610:tradition
1584:Catholics
1561:Bethlehem
1535:Lucaris'
1277:Dormition
1201:Vestments
1196:Troparion
1191:Sticheron
1181:Semantron
1171:Prosphora
1096:Kontakion
1004:Theotokos
957:Oikonomia
916:Hesychasm
798:Pentarchy
766:Jerusalem
610:churches:
290:Jerusalem
214:Canon law
167:Orthodoxy
136:Ascension
66:Structure
2769:See also
2734:Nicaea I
2679:Nicaea I
2429:Nicaea I
1967:and the
1951:apostles
1916:symbolic
1358:Kassiani
1056:Akathist
986:Phronema
974:Palamism
963:Akribeia
872:Theology
619:Abkhazia
608:National
310:Bulgaria
251:Bratstvo
189:Autonomy
138:of Jesus
71:Theology
57:Overview
24:a series
22:Part of
2695:Ephesus
2555:Lyon II
2445:Ephesus
2220:at the
2159:3159981
2105:(ed.).
1965:Gentile
1871:Jesuits
1859:liturgy
1839:decrees
1832:Giasion
1814:heretic
1744:priests
1738:of the
1732:bishops
1714:Signing
1691:and of
1675:of the
1671:of the
1071:Ectenia
997:Theosis
785:History
718:Seventh
624:Belarus
513:Germany
493:Austria
416:Finland
361:America
353:de jure
335:Albania
315:Georgia
305:Romania
285:Antioch
244:Degrees
234:Deacons
229:Priests
224:Bishops
81:Liturgy
73: (
2972:canons
2863:(2016)
2855:(1965)
2847:(1872)
2839:(1672)
2831:(1642)
2563:Vienne
2557:(1274)
2549:(1245)
2547:Lyon I
2541:(1215)
2533:(1179)
2525:(1139)
2517:(1123)
2362:(also
2332:
2201:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2017:
1969:Jewish
1956:elders
1875:French
1857:, the
1750:, and
1734:, the
1726:, six
1685:Hebrew
1515:Geneva
1501:, the
1463:is an
1141:Praxis
951:Nepsis
828:Russia
761:Moscow
732:Eighth
703:Fourth
693:Second
649:UOC–KP
644:Turkey
634:Latvia
508:France
503:Canada
330:Poland
325:Greece
320:Cyprus
300:Serbia
295:Russia
219:Clergy
26:on the
2823:(692)
2795:(180–
2783:/155–
2760:(484)
2752:(410)
2744:(381)
2736:(325)
2713:(475)
2705:(449)
2697:(431)
2689:(381)
2681:(325)
2595:Trent
2479:(787)
2463:(553)
2455:(451)
2447:(431)
2439:(381)
2431:(325)
2163:S2CID
2155:JSTOR
2101:. In
1905:1910
1843:horoi
1748:monks
1652:Latin
1648:Greek
1630:, in
1628:deeds
1624:grace
1592:dogma
1519:Greek
1511:Latin
1468:synod
1066:Artos
969:Ousia
931:Icons
756:Jassy
737:Ninth
713:Sixth
708:Fifth
698:Third
688:First
629:Italy
411:Sinai
2364:here
2330:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2147:ISSN
2015:ISBN
1954:and
1903:The
1786:and
1768:acts
1766:The
1730:and
1720:acts
1718:The
1622:and
1620:love
1586:and
1459:The
1398:Folk
1279:Fast
1111:Lity
856:2018
851:1996
2813:451
2809:380
2797:451
2785:314
2191:doi
2139:doi
2007:doi
1598:".
1559:at
1513:at
991:Sin
960:vs
3076::
3057:·
2781:50
2310:.
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2281:.
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2247:.
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2175:^
2161:.
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2135:12
2133:.
2129:.
2117:^
2087:^
2029:^
2013:.
1983:^
1816:.
1775:.
1773:do
1746:,
1710:.
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2071:.
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