29:
292:
total-day share within a year of going on the air and buoyed by the market's large young male population. Where the general manager of a local network affiliate had once declared to
Trinder, "We will bury you", sitcom reruns helped the station rise to number two in the valuable early fringe hours opposite the network affiliates. It took just seven months for WTVZ to turn a profit, quickly leaving behind the early days when, Trinder recalled, "we made payroll by going to the bank and trading auto titles for cash".
288:, to help run the new WTVZ. McDonald required six months of coaxing to be lured away from Washington. He only agreed to join WTVZ in the smaller Norfolk market because he was made president and general manager and the investors were willing to expand beyond one station. The station aimed to offer counterprogramming to the existing network affiliates, reach the children's market (which Trinder and McDonald felt underserved), and provide facilities for local commercial production.
538:; that caused a buyer for WTVJ, also on the market, to withdraw from the deal. CBS continued to negotiate with Taft, and the original purchase agreement between Taft and TVX allowed Taft to continue negotiating to sell the Miami station to CBS for 10 days after being announced. However, CBS ultimately walked away because it feared that the Miami station, whose signal had technical deficiencies in several populated areas of the market, would bring down network ratings.
277:—had holdings in Norfolk AM and FM radio stations; Television Corporation successfully argued that the addition of a new UHF station, first minority ownership of a local TV station, and integration of ownership and management outweighed these concerns. It also pointed to the fact that other attempts at commercial UHF television in Hampton Roads had failed economically.
352:
Despite this activity and a surge in revenues from $ 2 million in 1980 to $ 14 million in 1985, TVX remained an unprofitable company because of increasing programming costs and leveraged acquisitions. To clear the company's bank debt, TVX sold WRLH-TV in 1985 to A. S. Abell
Company, then-publisher of
344:
magazine in 1986 that "we've found over the years that that's how many we need"—and generally aired a similar mix of programming, with little local programming and more sports than the average independent. This strategy earned TVX derisive nicknames in a business known for a glamorous image: a 1986
403:
market. (The
Winston-Salem station was sold in order to acquire the Raleigh station, as their signals overlapped.) The acquisition of WNOL typified TVX's cost-cutting ways. WNOL-TV had been put on the air in 1983 by a group that was losing money; TVX renegotiated programming contracts and cut such
494:
The larger-market independents presented a puzzle for TVX's business model. Two of them—WTAF and WCIX—produced local 10 p.m. newscasts, something with which the company had no experience. Most of them, with the exception of WTAF, were doing rather poorly. The addition of five more stations to the
291:
WTVZ-TV began broadcasting on
September 24, 1979, featuring a general-entertainment mix including movies, sitcoms, cartoons, and sports, designed to provide an alternative to the existing stations in the Norfolk area. The new station quickly made an impact in the market, claiming nine percent
526:
stock market crash. TVX then recapitalized over the course of 1988 and 1989 by selling stations in many of its medium and small markets. In 1988, TVX sold its stations in Pine Bluff/Little Rock and
Nashville; 1989 saw the sale of the company's holdings in Memphis, New Orleans, and Norfolk.
339:
cities predicted to have growing markets. Each new station put on the air was modeled after WTVZ, where bookshelves had been scrounged up at pawn shops and other furnishings were obtained in trade-out deals for advertising. Each station had 37 employees—McDonald told
549:, reached an impasse in negotiations with CBS, CBS and Salomon Brothers began discussing a sale. CBS then purchased WCIX from TVX for $ 59 million; the station became the CBS affiliate in Miami on January 1, 1989, and CBS closed on the purchase two days later.
210:
in mid-sized markets, primarily in the southern United States, between 1980 and 1987; it became known for its cost-conscious and cookie-cutter philosophy toward station management, particularly its standard station employment plan with exactly 37 employees.
518:, provided the financing for the acquisition and in return held more than 60 percent of the company. The company was to pay Salomon Brothers $ 200 million on January 1, 1988, and missed the first payment deadline, having been unable to lure investors to its
432:
in order to qualify as a minority licensee under FCC distress sale rules. TVX eventually backed out of the deal when the FCC began investigating the East Los
Angeles Community Union for criminal misuse of funds; TVX investor Gene Loving told the
1530:
408:
network, which initially only provided late night and weekend prime time programming, in
October 1986. Many of TVX's independents led their markets, though some faced much stiffer competition, most notably New Orleans and Nashville.
1848:
556:
to acquire options to purchase the investment firm's majority stake. This deal was replaced in
September with an outright purchase of 79 percent of TVX for $ 110 million. Another four percent stake was acquired from
1499:
1522:
3052:
2044:
316:
on the air in
February 1982. A year after starting up, it already accounted for eight percent of the total TV audience in Richmond. TVX continued to add one new station a year, building
273:
permit for WTVZ-TV in June 1978. Two FCC commissioners dissented from the award because some of the investors in TVX—including Martha Davis, wife of future
Virginia lieutenant governor
1840:
428:, in 1981; the troubled station was being sold by its licensee at a discount, and TVX joined forces with Herman Valentine, a Black employee of the company, and the Hispanic-owned
308:(representing John Trinder and Tim McDonald in its call letters). Television Corporation of Virginia then also purchased the construction permit for a new independent station in
218:
in 1986 proved to be its eventual downfall. TVX incurred substantial debt in the purchase just as the independent station market soured and investors shied away from its
1491:
1376:
300:
The Television Corporation investors wasted little time branching out into new markets. In 1980, they purchased WGNN-TV, a small Christian television station in
2261:
2226:
1409:
2292:
1954:
1817:
1228:
1193:
1162:
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206:, in 1979. The group soon became Television Corporation Stations—though abbreviated TVX—and adopted its final name in 1984. TVX built or acquired additional
2690:
3072:
2744:
2568:
2139:
2078:
530:
TVX sold another station under very different circumstances. Miami's WCIX had become, from the moment Taft put it on the market in 1986, a major player in
416:, but wound up accepting a settlement with three other companies pursuing the channel in 1983; under the deal, the other three groups would combine to own
2533:
2195:
1664:
1598:
2498:
3023:
Lippman, John (January 3, 1990). "Indie-station business regains stability and respectability after turbulence, bankruptcies rocked scene in mid-'80s".
2659:
2624:
2456:
2384:
257:
In 1976, the Television Corporation of Virginia was formed in response to what its backers perceived as the need for another television station in the
1629:
1258:
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The investors, including market broadcast veteran Gene Loving, secured the services of John A. Trinder, general sales manager at CBS affiliate
3057:
1288:
3082:
2161:
Tucker, Elizabeth (November 24, 1986). "TVX Bucks a Television Tide: Tim McDonald Buys Independent Stations As Others Race to Sell".
363:
stock raising $ 19.8 million from the sale of two million shares. The cash was used on a buying spree of stations: two in operation (
3077:
3062:
404:
niceties as covered parking for station executives. The eight TVX stations owned at this time all became charter affiliates of the
1103:
to a group that was minority-controlled. The sale had to be made at a price substantially below the station's market value.
1915:
1365:
2926:
2767:
1950:
420:, and TVX would serve as a consultant. The company also was the driving force behind a proposed distress purchase of
266:
2713:
2249:
2218:
1401:
214:
While TVX always envisioned entering larger markets, the acquisition of five major-market independent stations from
2564:
2284:
1942:
1805:
1216:
1185:
1154:
335:
In expanding, TVX sought situations where novice broadcasters had gotten in over their heads and wanted to sell in
2682:
188:
2732:
2556:
2131:
2070:
552:
Despite the successful recapitalization, Salomon Brothers reached an agreement in principle in January 1989 for
222:. The firm struggled to recapitalize and soon was shedding most of the stations it had built in medium markets.
2620:
2521:
2187:
1813:
1689:
Weiss, Michael (July 8, 1987). "Broadcaster to focus on trimming costs: Channel 21's new owner 'doing deals'".
1652:
1586:
534:. CBS, which was seeking to buy stations, inquired as to purchasing the station and leaving longtime affiliate
2486:
1080:
846:
301:
2655:
2647:
2612:
2376:
2104:
3087:
1621:
1250:
2529:
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582:
writer John Lippman as among the highest-profile economic failures in late 1980s independent television.
447:
In November 1986, TVX agreed to pay $ 240 million to acquire five major-market independent stations from
223:
2407:
1774:
1594:
1099:
A distress sale was a type of sale permitted by the FCC of a station facing possible revocation of its
527:
Additionally, McDonald left TVX in May 1988 after five years and was replaced by Trinder as president.
360:
2960:
2881:
2837:
2793:
2331:
1870:
1706:
1437:
1113:
1075:
569:
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874:
787:
562:
405:
235:
118:
108:
2316:
1691:
700:
435:
376:
274:
1280:
1523:"Faced with dangerous gunman, station workers acted heroically; Call letters would be memorial"
798:
57:
2314:
Weiss, Michael (January 24, 1988). "Channel 21's latest signals show trouble, possible sale".
198:
TVX was established by local investors as the Television Corporation of Virginia, which built
3028:
2971:
2892:
2848:
2804:
2342:
2168:
2036:
2007:
1981:
1881:
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1717:
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1317:
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384:
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portfolio also left TVX needing to divest itself of one station. It chose the still-unbuilt
673:
647:
380:
176:
8:
2163:
1117:
955:
758:
711:
523:
207:
1750:
Landphair, Ted (May 19, 1986). "Whack, Whack: TVX Wields Budget Shears at Channel 38".
1312:
578:
553:
321:
309:
227:
104:
1224:
1100:
1020:
500:
464:
448:
392:
258:
215:
203:
129:
2257:
412:
Two additional attempts at expansion were unsuccessful. TVX filed for channel 42 in
345:
feature article on the company was titled "McStations", and it was also dubbed the "
2596:
2441:
Lorando, Mark (September 21, 1989). "Composer Quincy Jones agrees to buy WNOL-TV".
959:
802:
680:
515:
480:
231:
2494:
2415:
3032:
2975:
2934:
2896:
2852:
2808:
2346:
2040:
2011:
1985:
1885:
1721:
1476:
1321:
1013:
991:
741:
651:
624:
611:) indicate a station built by TVX but sold to another entity before it signed on.
511:
hockey team, who were approved and put the station on the air in September 1987.
2740:
2172:
1759:
1340:
Schapiro, Jeff E. (March 1987). "Air wolf: Tim McDonald is a broadcast animal".
1024:
832:
508:
504:
47:
545:
instead acquired WTVJ. When the owner of the outgoing NBC affiliate in Miami,
261:
area. Armed with an agreement to share the tower of public television station
3046:
912:
823:
561:
the next year. In 1991, Paramount acquired the remainder of TVX, forming the
413:
355:
1046:
858:
628:
456:
451:. The stations were all in markets larger than the existing TVX portfolio:
270:
966:
886:
766:
696:
400:
368:
284:, and Tim McDonald, who had last been programming Washington independent
2285:"Sabres' Subsidiary Begins Operation Of Channel 49; Station Goes on Air"
2927:"TVX directors reject majority buyout bid: $ 7.50 a share by Paramount"
1943:"FCC To Decide Station's Fate: Embattled Channel 18 Faces Judgment Day"
939:
935:
905:
827:
1257:. Newport News, Virginia. Associated Press. June 10, 1978. p. 2.
28:
987:
597:
Two boldface asterisks appearing following a station's call letters (
519:
329:
219:
507:
fell through, the company successfully approached the owners of the
558:
336:
39:
Television Corporation of Virginia, Television Corporation Stations
1051:
1029:
927:
863:
850:
794:
783:
746:
733:
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484:
476:
472:
452:
439:
that "e made the decision we couldn't be in business with them".
417:
364:
325:
317:
313:
305:
281:
262:
252:
234:
in 1989. TVX became wholly owned by Paramount in 1991 and became
199:
2341:. Broadcasting Publications Inc. May 16, 1988. pp. 69–70.
878:
729:
665:
429:
3053:
Defunct television broadcasting companies of the United States
2648:"NBC buying Miami's Channel 4; CBS must find new spot on dial"
707:
488:
346:
1009:
1005:
971:
944:
901:
807:
685:
669:
546:
535:
468:
460:
421:
396:
388:
372:
285:
1217:"Straight talker: Virginia's second lady commands respect"
725:
542:
192:
1041:
MyNetworkTV affiliate owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group
601:) indicate a station that was built and signed on by TVX
982:
MyNetworkTV affiliate owned by Fox Television Stations
2250:"Owners of Sabres Set to Buy Channel 49 and Air Games"
1916:"Channel 42 applicants win FCC approval of settlement"
514:
TVX took on debt to make the purchase. TVX's bankers,
491:. TVX officially closed on the deal on April 9, 1987.
195:
television stations during the 1980s and early 1990s.
1976:"'Distress sale' of WAEO-TV first approved by FCC".
1129:
Operated through an SSA by Sinclair Broadcast Group.
2683:"CBS and WSVN are hassling over their wedding date"
1841:"Channel 38 is up for 'adoption' by parent company"
1287:. Newport News, Virginia. May 6, 1979. p. F7.
818:The CW affiliate owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group
2838:"Paramount takes step toward buy of TVX stations"
2733:"CBS will pay $ 59 million for Miami's Channel 6"
2674:
2219:"If Knoxes buy New Station, Would Sabres Follow?"
3044:
2646:Owens, Dory; Chrissos, Joan (January 17, 1987).
1063:Fox affiliate owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group
1310:"Tim McDonald Hopping Again, To UHF Top Spot".
2730:
2731:Steinberg, Jim; Jicha, Tom (August 8, 1988).
2714:"CBS still maneuvering for Miami station buy"
2645:
2604:
2098:
2096:
1580:
1578:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1186:"Electricity Rate Hike May Cut WHRO-TV Hours"
532:a brewing affiliation drama in the Miami area
395:(the permit for WNYB-TV), plus 49 percent of
2768:"WCIX signs up Renick for another two years"
2528:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. pp. 8-C,
1684:
1682:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1148:
1146:
3073:Mass media companies disestablished in 1991
2592:"CBS considers buying Taft's Miami station"
2548:
2002:"Taft's TV's go to TVX for $ 240 million".
1997:
1995:
191:media company that owned a group of mostly
2918:
2759:
2724:
2513:
2478:
2399:
2368:
2276:
2241:
2210:
2179:
2154:
2123:
2093:
2068:
2062:
2026:"McDonald paints a bright picture for TVX"
1934:
1907:
1832:
1797:
1766:
1644:
1613:
1575:
1545:
1514:
1424:
1402:"Channel 33: New TV Station On Air Monday"
230:, acquired 79 percent of the company from
27:
3003:
2484:
2307:
2282:
2247:
2216:
2185:
2069:Rassenfoss, Stephen (November 17, 1986).
1913:
1749:
1743:
1679:
1467:"WTVZ Knocks Web Affiliates For A Loop".
1394:
1348:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1273:
1243:
1208:
1177:
1143:
165:John Trinder, founder and CEO (1988–1991)
162:Timothy McDonald, co-founder and chairman
3068:Mass media companies established in 1979
2711:
2705:
2589:
2583:
2129:
2111:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. p. 52
1992:
1806:"Ch. 30 declares war on its competitors"
1520:
1339:
1183:
585:
3022:
2493:. Newport News, Virginia. pp. B5,
2440:
2374:
1940:
1803:
1650:
1214:
1155:"WTVZ To Offer TV Viewers A New Choice"
3045:
2765:
2693:from the original on February 20, 2022
2627:from the original on February 17, 2022
2610:
2557:"Is CBS behind collapse of WTVJ sale?"
2554:
2519:
2387:from the original on December 29, 2022
2160:
1949:. Hartford, Connecticut. pp. A1,
1772:
1667:from the original on December 29, 2022
1584:
1489:
1444:. Newport News, Virginia. p. E1.
1328:
1223:. Landmark News Service. pp. E1,
1192:. Newport News, Virginia. p. 13.
1161:. Newport News, Virginia. p. E4.
503:. After a deal to sell the station to
2985:from the original on November 8, 2021
2906:from the original on November 8, 2021
2862:from the original on November 8, 2021
2818:from the original on November 8, 2021
2680:
2590:Mermigas, Diane (November 17, 1986).
2405:
2375:Schweid, Richard (October 18, 1988).
2313:
2283:Pergament, Alan (September 2, 1987).
2132:"Channel 6, four other stations sold"
2102:
1895:from the original on November 8, 2021
1731:from the original on January 31, 2023
1688:
1659:. Nashville, Tennessee. p. 1-D,
1619:
1435:
1382:from the original on January 31, 2023
1152:
618:Stations owned by TVX Broadcast Group
295:
2924:
2847:. January 23, 1989. pp. 70–71.
2188:"Ch. 49 Is Not Signing On Next Week"
2071:"Taft Broadcasting sells Channel 21"
1820:from the original on January 6, 2023
1653:"Channel 30 To Sign On This Morning"
1651:Bartley, Diane (February 18, 1984).
1593:. Richmond, Virginia. pp. J-1,
1587:"Riding herd on TV's final frontier"
930:, owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group
853:, owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group
159:Gene Loving, co-founder and chairman
3058:Defunct companies based in Virginia
2766:Sonsky, Steve (December 13, 1988).
2747:from the original on March 27, 2023
2662:from the original on April 16, 2021
2571:from the original on April 11, 2021
2522:"President of WTAF-TV parent quits"
2520:Gnoffo, Anthony Jr. (May 3, 1988).
2485:Pryweller, Joseph (April 4, 1989).
2422:from the original on March 25, 2023
2194:. Buffalo, New York. p. B-14.
1914:Gortmaker, Linda (March 10, 1983).
1851:from the original on March 25, 2023
1838:
1804:Bartley, Diane (January 28, 1986).
1785:from the original on March 25, 2023
1632:from the original on March 25, 2023
1533:from the original on March 22, 2023
1502:from the original on March 22, 2023
13:
3083:1991 disestablishments in Virginia
2970:. March 4, 1991. pp. 57, 61.
2941:from the original on April 8, 2023
2891:. September 18, 1989. p. 89.
2613:"Swaps' plot twists outdid Dallas"
2555:Sonsky, Steve (October 30, 1986).
2536:from the original on April 8, 2023
2501:from the original on April 7, 2023
2487:"Employee plans to buy Channel 33"
2414:. Memphis, Tennessee. p. A1,
2295:from the original on March 3, 2023
2291:. Buffalo, New York. p. A-1.
2264:from the original on March 3, 2023
2256:. Buffalo, New York. p. A-1,
2229:from the original on March 3, 2023
2225:. Buffalo, New York. p. B-2.
2198:from the original on March 3, 2023
2142:from the original on April 8, 2023
2103:Blake, Joseph P. (April 2, 1987).
2081:from the original on July 26, 2022
2077:. Fort Worth, Texas. p. A17.
2050:from the original on March 1, 2021
1957:from the original on April 8, 2023
1845:The Times-Picayune/The States-Item
1628:. Memphis, Tennessee. p. B5.
1601:from the original on April 5, 2023
1563:from the original on April 5, 2023
1490:Kenion, Jerry (October 27, 1980).
1448:from the original on April 7, 2023
1436:Atlee, Cindy (September 7, 1980).
1412:from the original on April 7, 2023
1408:. September 23, 1979. p. E3.
1363:
1291:from the original on April 7, 2023
1261:from the original on April 7, 2023
1231:from the original on April 7, 2023
1215:Spencer, Jim (November 21, 1982).
1196:from the original on April 7, 2023
1165:from the original on April 7, 2023
14:
3099:
2803:. December 12, 1988. p. 65.
2712:Mermigas, Diane (July 25, 1988).
2611:Sonsky, Steve (January 1, 1989).
2406:Flaum, David (February 3, 1989).
2377:"Buyer has high hopes for Ch. 30"
2356:from the original on July 4, 2022
2248:Pergament, Alan (July 20, 1987).
2217:Pergament, Alan (July 11, 1987).
2186:Pergament, Alan (June 25, 1987).
2130:Chrissos, Joan (April 10, 1987).
2105:"Ch. 29 Switches Ownership Today"
2006:. November 24, 1986. p. 41.
1716:. February 24, 1986. p. 96.
1585:Durden, Douglas (March 6, 1983).
1184:Cornelis, Ralph (June 15, 1977).
267:Federal Communications Commission
2364:– via World Radio History.
1559:. February 21, 1982. p. 8.
1521:Gilberto, Julie (June 7, 1984).
1251:"Norfolk to get new UHF station"
442:
430:East Los Angeles Community Union
3078:1979 establishments in Virginia
3063:Television stations in Virginia
3016:
2997:
2953:
2925:Bess, David (August 10, 1990).
2874:
2830:
2794:"Fifth Estate Earnings Reports"
2786:
2654:. Miami, Florida. pp. 1A,
2639:
2619:. Miami, Florida. pp. 1A,
2449:
2434:
2324:
2018:
1969:
1941:McEnroe, Colin (May 10, 1981).
1880:. March 14, 1983. p. 182.
1863:
1699:
1622:"New Guide To Hit City In Fall"
1483:
1460:
1123:
1106:
1093:
3004:Caranicas, Peter (July 1990).
2961:"Paramount acquires TVX Group"
2739:. Miami, Florida. p. 1A,
2689:. Miami, Florida. p. 4C.
2563:. Miami, Florida. pp. 7D–
2466:. October 16, 1989. p. 60
2138:. Miami, Florida. p. 4C.
1620:Knott, John (April 19, 1983).
1316:. March 28, 1979. p. 44.
1303:
1221:Roanoke Times & World-News
1153:Edgar, Henry (June 10, 1979).
379:) and two unbuilt stations in
246:
1:
2681:Jicha, Tom (April 27, 1988).
1980:. April 25, 1979. p. 8.
1773:Walter, Tom (July 18, 1986).
1553:"WRLH-TV starts broadcasting"
1471:. July 22, 1981. p. 32.
1136:
1081:ABC Owned Television Stations
302:Winston-Salem, North Carolina
2408:"WMKW-TV is target for sale"
2035:. May 11, 1987. p. 37.
1775:"Channel 30 aligns with Fox"
1527:Greensboro News & Record
7:
2949:– via Newspapers.com.
2782:– via Newspapers.com.
2755:– via Newspapers.com.
2701:– via Newspapers.com.
2670:– via Newspapers.com.
2635:– via Newspapers.com.
2579:– via Newspapers.com.
2544:– via Newspapers.com.
2509:– via Newspapers.com.
2430:– via Newspapers.com.
2395:– via Newspapers.com.
2303:– via Newspapers.com.
2272:– via Newspapers.com.
2237:– via Newspapers.com.
2206:– via Newspapers.com.
2150:– via Newspapers.com.
2119:– via Newspapers.com.
2089:– via Newspapers.com.
1965:– via Newspapers.com.
1930:– via Newspapers.com.
1922:. Austin, Texas. p. B1
1828:– via Newspapers.com.
1793:– via Newspapers.com.
1675:– via Newspapers.com.
1640:– via Newspapers.com.
1609:– via Newspapers.com.
1571:– via Newspapers.com.
1456:– via Newspapers.com.
1420:– via Newspapers.com.
1299:– via Newspapers.com.
1269:– via Newspapers.com.
1239:– via Newspapers.com.
1204:– via Newspapers.com.
1173:– via Newspapers.com.
1069:
576:editor Peter Caranicas and
459:(renamed WTXF-TV in 1988);
265:, the group applied to the
224:Gulf and Western Industries
87:; 33 years ago
69:; 45 years ago
10:
3104:
1438:"Sky's The Limit For WTVZ"
607:Three boldface asterisks (
250:
241:
226:, the corporate parent of
2526:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1920:Austin American-Statesman
1076:Westinghouse Broadcasting
1050:
1028:
995:
970:
943:
916:
890:
862:
836:
806:
770:
745:
715:
684:
655:
641:
638:
635:
632:
623:
570:Grant Broadcasting System
359:, then went public as an
172:
150:
140:
124:
114:
99:
81:
63:
53:
43:
35:
26:
2075:Fort Worth Star-Telegram
1086:
788:Sinclair Broadcast Group
563:Paramount Stations Group
236:Paramount Stations Group
119:Paramount Stations Group
109:Paramount Stations Group
2317:The Dallas Morning News
2109:Philadelphia Daily News
1692:The Dallas Morning News
1591:Richmond Times-Dispatch
1557:Richmond Times-Dispatch
1492:"Ch. 45 Changes Format"
701:Fox Television Stations
436:Richmond Times-Dispatch
377:Raleigh, North Carolina
3010:Television Engineering
1978:The Hollywood Reporter
926:MyNetworkTV affiliate
782:MyNetworkTV affiliate
574:Television Engineering
387:(signed on in 1986 as
16:American media company
2412:The Commercial Appeal
1779:The Commercial Appeal
1626:The Commercial Appeal
1496:Greensboro Daily News
586:Stations owned by TVX
426:Hartford, Connecticut
385:Little Rock, Arkansas
269:(FCC) and received a
251:Further information:
2882:"Paramount buys TVX"
2167:. pp. WB1, 31.
1752:New Orleans Business
1281:"People In The News"
1112:Operated through an
877:owned-and-operated (
728:owned-and-operated (
674:Mission Broadcasting
304:, and rebuilt it as
208:independent stations
177:Broadcast television
58:Broadcast television
3088:TVX Broadcast Group
2164:The Washington Post
1118:Nexstar Media Group
956:Independent station
759:Nexstar Media Group
712:Fort Lauderdale, FL
699:affiliate owned by
620:
185:TVX Broadcast Group
107:in 1991 and became
23:
22:TVX Broadcast Group
2443:The Times-Picayune
1375:. pp. 27–31.
616:
554:Paramount Pictures
349:of broadcasting".
310:Richmond, Virginia
296:Southern expansion
228:Paramount Pictures
105:Paramount Pictures
21:
2720:. pp. 3, 37.
2600:. pp. 1, 70.
1342:Virginia Business
1101:broadcast license
1067:
1066:
900:The CW affiliate
541:In January 1987,
501:Buffalo, New York
465:Fort Worth, Texas
449:Taft Broadcasting
393:Buffalo, New York
216:Taft Broadcasting
204:Norfolk, Virginia
182:
181:
130:Norfolk, Virginia
3095:
3037:
3036:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2965:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2886:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2842:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2798:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2772:The Miami Herald
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2718:Electronic Media
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2652:The Miami Herald
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2617:The Miami Herald
2608:
2602:
2601:
2597:Electronic Media
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2561:The Miami Herald
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2461:
2457:"Changing hands"
2453:
2447:
2446:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2336:
2332:"For the Record"
2328:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2289:The Buffalo News
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2254:The Buffalo News
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2223:The Buffalo News
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2192:The Buffalo News
2183:
2177:
2176:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2136:The Miami Herald
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1947:Hartford Courant
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1875:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1847:. p. D-19.
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1770:
1764:
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1487:
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1464:
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1398:
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1381:
1370:
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1346:
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1337:
1326:
1325:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1255:The Times-Herald
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1150:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1110:
1104:
1097:
960:Paramount Global
859:Philadelphia, PA
803:Fayetteville, NC
757:The CW O&O (
681:Washington, D.C.
621:
619:
615:
522:even before the
516:Salomon Brothers
481:Washington, D.C.
361:over-the-counter
232:Salomon Brothers
95:
93:
88:
77:
75:
70:
31:
24:
20:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
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3021:
3017:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2933:. pp. C6,
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2840:
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2796:
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2787:
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2750:
2748:
2729:
2725:
2710:
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2696:
2694:
2679:
2675:
2665:
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2640:
2630:
2628:
2609:
2605:
2588:
2584:
2574:
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2539:
2537:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2483:
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2469:
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2215:
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2201:
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2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2128:
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2112:
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2094:
2084:
2082:
2067:
2063:
2053:
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2028:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1839:Lorando, Mark.
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1812:. p. 1-D,
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1767:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1709:
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1576:
1566:
1564:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1498:. p. A12.
1488:
1484:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1434:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1400:
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1234:
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1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1182:
1178:
1168:
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1151:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1072:
1014:Deerfield Media
992:San Antonio, TX
831:
742:New Orleans, LA
652:Little Rock, AR
642:Current status
625:City of license
617:
588:
445:
298:
255:
249:
244:
168:
153:
143:
136:
132:
91:
89:
86:
73:
71:
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3101:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3039:
3038:
3027:. p. 34.
3015:
2996:
2952:
2917:
2873:
2829:
2785:
2758:
2737:The Miami News
2723:
2704:
2687:The Miami News
2673:
2638:
2603:
2582:
2547:
2512:
2477:
2448:
2433:
2398:
2383:. p. 1D.
2381:The Tennessean
2367:
2323:
2306:
2275:
2240:
2209:
2178:
2153:
2122:
2092:
2061:
2017:
1991:
1968:
1933:
1906:
1862:
1831:
1810:The Tennessean
1796:
1781:. p. B6.
1765:
1754:. p. 1A.
1742:
1698:
1678:
1657:The Tennessean
1643:
1612:
1574:
1544:
1529:. p. C3.
1513:
1482:
1459:
1423:
1393:
1347:
1327:
1302:
1272:
1242:
1207:
1176:
1141:
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1132:
1131:
1122:
1105:
1091:
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1085:
1084:
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1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1025:Portsmouth, VA
1017:
1016:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
984:
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980:
977:
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895:
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889:
883:
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872:
869:
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861:
855:
854:
844:
841:
838:
835:
833:High Point, NC
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
805:
791:
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772:
769:
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762:
755:
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723:
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694:
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688:
683:
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660:
657:
654:
644:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
614:
613:
604:
587:
584:
572:were cited by
509:Buffalo Sabres
505:Malcolm Glazer
444:
441:
297:
294:
248:
245:
243:
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180:
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83:
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65:
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55:
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41:
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33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3100:
3089:
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3084:
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3079:
3076:
3074:
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3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3012:. p. 13.
3011:
3007:
3000:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2956:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2858:
2854:
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2846:
2839:
2833:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2586:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2465:
2458:
2452:
2445:. p. D1.
2444:
2437:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2320:. p. 2H.
2319:
2318:
2310:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1866:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1695:. p. 1D.
1694:
1693:
1685:
1683:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1600:
1596:
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1588:
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1562:
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1501:
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1439:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1364:Yagoda, Ben.
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1344:. p. 40.
1343:
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1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1290:
1286:
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1187:
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986:
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951:
948:
946:
941:
937:
934:
933:
929:
925:
922:
919:
914:
913:Nashville, TN
911:
910:
907:
903:
899:
896:
893:
888:
885:
884:
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876:
873:
870:
867:
865:
860:
857:
856:
852:
848:
845:
842:
839:
834:
829:
825:
824:Winston-Salem
822:
821:
817:
814:
811:
809:
804:
800:
796:
793:
792:
789:
785:
781:
779:
776:
773:
768:
765:
764:
760:
756:
753:
750:
748:
743:
740:
739:
736:on channel 4
735:
731:
727:
724:
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713:
709:
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583:
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528:
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510:
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502:
498:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
443:Taft purchase
440:
438:
437:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:Austin, Texas
410:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
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366:
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356:Baltimore Sun
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146:United States
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98:
84:
80:
66:
62:
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56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
3024:
3018:
3009:
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2968:Broadcasting
2967:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2930:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2889:Broadcasting
2888:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2845:Broadcasting
2844:
2832:
2820:. Retrieved
2801:Broadcasting
2800:
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2774:. p. 5C
2771:
2761:
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103:Acquired by
44:Company type
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3006:"Viewpoint"
2931:Daily Press
2491:Daily Press
2470:January 12,
2054:December 2,
1442:Daily Press
1406:Daily Press
1285:Daily Press
1190:Daily Press
1159:Daily Press
1012:, owned by
967:Houston, TX
917:WCAY-TV **
904:, owned by
891:WMKW-TV **
887:Memphis, TN
786:, owned by
771:WNYB-TV **
767:Buffalo, NY
697:MyNetworkTV
672:, owned by
418:the station
401:San Antonio
369:New Orleans
247:Early years
142:Area served
3047:Categories
3033:1286122626
2976:1014747206
2897:1285739505
2853:1016923501
2809:1016925809
2347:1014726593
2041:1016919127
2012:1016914750
1986:2471833446
1886:1014702899
1824:January 5,
1722:1016911897
1707:"In Brief"
1671:January 5,
1477:1286014236
1322:1401345637
1137:References
1008:affiliate
940:Dallas, TX
936:Fort Worth
906:Tegna Inc.
849:affiliate
828:Greensboro
668:affiliate
648:Pine Bluff
520:junk bonds
381:Pine Bluff
312:, and put
275:Dick Davis
220:junk bonds
152:Key people
2778:March 27,
2751:March 27,
2575:April 11,
2426:March 25,
2173:138822885
1855:March 24,
1789:March 25,
1760:208914245
1735:March 22,
1636:March 25,
1537:March 22,
1506:March 22,
1060:1982–1985
1038:1979–1989
1002:1985–1991
988:Kerrville
979:1987–1991
958:owned by
952:1987–1991
923:1984–1989
897:1983–1989
871:1987–1991
843:1980–1987
815:1985–1991
754:1985–1989
722:1987–1989
693:1987–1991
662:1986–1989
332:in 1984.
330:Nashville
115:Successor
3029:ProQuest
2989:July 26,
2980:Archived
2972:ProQuest
2945:April 8,
2939:Archived
2910:July 26,
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2008:ProQuest
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1961:April 8,
1955:Archived
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1452:April 7,
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1377:Archived
1373:Channels
1318:ProQuest
1295:April 7,
1289:Archived
1265:April 7,
1259:Archived
1235:April 7,
1229:Archived
1200:April 7,
1194:Archived
1169:April 7,
1163:Archived
1070:See also
996:KRRT **
656:KJTM **
636:Channel
633:Station
559:Citicorp
342:Channels
337:Sun Belt
189:American
173:Products
54:Industry
36:Formerly
3025:Variety
1469:Variety
1313:Variety
1052:WRLH-TV
1030:WTVZ-TV
1021:Norfolk
928:WUXP-TV
879:O&O
864:WTXF-TV
851:WXLV-TV
795:Raleigh
784:WNYO-TV
747:WNOL-TV
734:WFOR-TV
730:O&O
579:Variety
497:WNYB-TV
477:WDCA-TV
473:Houston
453:WTAF-TV
399:in the
389:KJTM-TV
365:WNOL-TV
326:WCAY-TV
322:Memphis
318:WMKW-TV
314:WRLH-TV
306:WJTM-TV
282:WTAR-TV
263:WHRO-TV
259:Norfolk
253:WTVZ-TV
242:History
200:WTVZ-TV
187:was an
90: (
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666:The CW
629:Market
591:Notes:
483:; and
48:Public
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1087:Notes
837:WNRW
716:WCIX
708:Miami
489:Miami
347:Kmart
2991:2022
2947:2023
2912:2022
2868:2022
2824:2022
2780:2023
2753:2023
2699:2021
2668:2021
2633:2021
2577:2011
2542:2023
2507:2023
2472:2019
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1202:2023
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1010:KMYS
1006:Dabl
972:KTXH
945:KTXA
902:WLMT
808:WLFL
686:WDCA
670:KASN
547:WSVN
536:WTVJ
485:WCIX
469:KTXH
461:KTXA
422:WHCT
397:KRRT
373:WLFL
371:and
353:the
286:WTTG
135:U.S.
100:Fate
92:1991
85:1991
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2656:18A
2621:24A
2530:10C
2258:A-2
1951:A28
1814:4-D
1661:3-D
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1225:E12
1116:by
1114:SSA
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875:Fox
847:ABC
778:***
726:CBS
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543:NBC
499:in
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