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wore over her face. Thinking she was a prostitute, he requested her services. Tamar's plan was to become pregnant by this ruse so that she might bear a child in Judah's line, since Judah had not given her to his son Shelah. So she played the part of a prostitute and struck a bargain with Judah for a goat, secured by his staff, seal, and cord. When Judah was able to have a goat sent to
Timnath, in order to collect his staff and seal, the woman was nowhere to be found and no one knew of any prostitute in Timnath.
67:
439:, Tamar was endowed with a prophetic gift which allowed her to know the future of her descendants. From this gift, she knew that she would be the ancestress of royal line of David and mighty prophets. While she was standing in gate of Timnah and wearing a veil; Judah, who was intoxicated from wine that twisted his understanding away, came to her. After that, he left her with three symbolical pledges; his staff, the stay of
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25:
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219:, to provide offspring for Tamar so that the family line might continue. This could have substantial economic repercussions, with any son born deemed the heir of the deceased Er, and able to claim the firstborn's double share of inheritance. However, if Er was childless, Onan would inherit as the oldest surviving son.
269:. Tamar sent the staff, seal, and cord to Judah with a message declaring that the owner of these items was the man who had made her pregnant. Upon recognizing these items as his security, Judah released Tamar from her sentence. Tamar gave birth to twins, Perez and Zerah. Their birth is reminiscent of the birth of
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The gap, a maximum of 22 years, is somewhat small to contain within it Judah's first marriage, the birth of Er and Onan, Er's marriage to Tamar, Tamar's subsequent pregnancy by Judah, and the birth of Judah's children (Judah was the father and his daughter-in-law, Tamar, was the mother); the passage
261:
to shear his sheep. Upon hearing this news, Tamar disguised herself as a prostitute and immediately went to
Timnath which was en route to Judah's destination. Upon arriving at a place near Timnath, where two roads met, Judah saw the woman but did not recognize her as Tamar because of the veil she
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Together with the brief preceding narrative of the birth of Er, Onan, and Shelah, and the subsequent narrative of the birth of Perez's children, the passage is often regarded as presenting a significant chronological issue, since it is surrounded by a narrative concerning
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proposes that Judah was about 20 years old when he settled in
Adullam and that his sons, Er and Onan, were 17 years old when they married. The sons of Hezron and Hamul were considered to be part of Jacob's family that moved to Egypt since they were born there.
350:
considered the account of the deaths of Er and Onan to "reflect the dying out of two clans of Judah bearing their names, or at least of their failure to maintain a separate existence." However, this view was "trenchantly criticized" by
462:) who was accused of leading an unchaste demeanor. After Tamar showed the three pledges from the man who came to her, Judah's countenance grew pale to green color when he publicly confessed his relationship with her.
228:. His action displeased God and so, like his older brother, God killed him. At this point, Judah is portrayed as viewing Tamar to be cursed and therefore as being reluctant to give her his remaining and youngest son
920:", explained by various commentators to either mean a juncture of two roads (Aramaic Targum), or else a place by that name (Commentator), or else in an open-place where all eyes could gaze upon her (Midrash).
998:
J. A. Emerton, "Some problems,” 349. Emerton also suggests (p. 360) that in J, this story “never stood anywhere but between the accounts of the selling of Joseph into slavery and the doings of Joseph in
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is also widely regarded as an abrupt change to the surrounding narrative Joseph story. According to some textual scholars, the reason for these features is that the passage derives from the
491:; before the passage occurs, Joseph is described as being 17 years old, and after the passage, Joseph is described as meeting up with Judah 9 years after Joseph reached 30 years of age.
430:
Frymer-Kensky finds Tamar's traits of assertiveness in action, willingness to be unconventional, and deep loyalty to family to be qualities that distinguish her descendant, King David.
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goes further and suggests it is a result of the "brilliant splicing of sources by a literary artist." He notes that the same verb "identify” will play "a crucial thematic role in the
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273:'s twin sons. The midwife marks Zerah's hand with a scarlet cord when he emerges first from the womb, though Perez is born first. Perez is identified in the
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As a judge, Judah gave a decision that Tamar was liable to the death penalty by burning according to the law, for she was the daughter of the high priest (
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in the Bible, in which a woman seduces a male relative under false pretenses in order to become pregnant. Each case involves a direct ancestor of
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232:. Rather, he tells Tamar to wait for Shelah. However, even after Shelah has grown up, Judah still does not give Tamar to him in marriage.
281:. The Genesis narrative also makes a note that Judah praised Tamar's righteousness and did not have further sexual relations with her.
33:
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Three months later, Tamar was reported to Judah by family members to be pregnant. Upon hearing this news, Judah ordered that she be
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notes some "intentional literary parallels" between the chapters, such as the exhortation to "identify" (38:25–26 and 37:32–33).
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After Shelah had grown up, Judah became a widower. After Judah mourned the death of his wife, he planned on going to
419:, since her father's residence was not implied to be outside of Canaan. She is also theorized to be the daughter of
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401:. The Talmud also suggests that Tamar's actions were for the purpose of avoiding Judah's humiliation, although the
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of the Joseph story when he confronts his brothers in Egypt, he recognizing them, they failing to recognize him."
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against Tamar. In addition, Melchizedek was the only
Canaanite priest who worshiped the "one true God".
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motifs concerned with the eponymous ancestors of the clans of Judah.' Emerton notes that
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points out that the insertion of chapter 38 "creates suspense for the reader", but
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1188:"Tamar's Ancestry and Rahab's Marriage: Two Problems in the Matthean Genealogy"
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have focused on the relationship between the Judah story in chapter 38 and the
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portrays her as boastful and unashamed in regard to the pregnancy itself.
1259:(Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.
1246:(Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.
1233:(Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.
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423:. One reason includes Judah prescribing a penalty similar to the one in
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In the Hebrew text, Tamar is said to have sat down "at the entrance of
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regards the connections as evidence for including chapter 38 in the
1401: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The
Legends of the Jews Volume III: The Stones in the Breastplate
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183:(twice), as well as the mother of two of his children: the twins
1073:"Sperm stealing: a moral crime by three of David's ancestresses"
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source, while the immediately surrounding narrative is from the
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Both the
Genesis Rabbah and Talmud state that Tamar was an
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203:, Tamar is first described as marrying Judah's eldest son,
103:
1244:
The
Legends of the Jews Volume II: Judah and His Sons
885:
Jewish Women: A Comprehensive
Historical Encyclopedia
1379:"Genesis 38 Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary"
161:
138:
100:
1230:
Volume II: Judah Warns against Greed and
Unchastity
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503:, the two being spliced together at a later date.
843:The Divine Drama: the Old Testament as Literature
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1420:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
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207:. Because of his wickedness, Er was killed by
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366:Tamar and Judah is one of two instances of
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1011:Genesis: An Introduction and Commentary
508:Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
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879:Frymer-Kensky, Tikva (20 March 2009).
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988:. NICOT; Eerdmans. pp. 431–432.
288:tradition, Perez became the king of
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415:However, some argue that Tamar was
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813:A Lineage of Grace#Unveiled: Tamar
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1030:The Art of Biblical Narrative
179:) was the daughter-in-law of
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399:a share in the future world
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10:
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1186:Bauckham, Richard (1995).
1033:. Basic Books. p. 10.
984:(1995). "Chapters 18–50".
389:, Tamar and Judah, 1667
358:Along with the account of
1461:Women in the Hebrew Bible
1417:Easton's Bible Dictionary
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336:Judah and Tamar narrative
1363:Richard Elliott Friedman
1255:Ginzberg, Louis (1909).
1242:Ginzberg, Louis (1909).
1224:Ginzberg, Louis (1909).
1204:10.1163/1568536952663168
887:. Jewish Women's Archive
1227:The Legends of the Jews
307:in chapters 37 and 39.
1456:Book of Genesis people
1451:Sexuality in the Bible
1408:Easton, Matthew George
1385:. 2024. Archived from
1009:Kidner, Derek (2008).
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1438:at Wikimedia Commons
1268:Genesis Rabbah 85.10.
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1367:Who wrote the Bible?
1341:Encyclopedia Biblica
895:– via jwa.org.
482:Chronological issues
1352:Jewish Encyclopedia
1144:Genesis Rabbah 85:9
1085:(1). Archived from
1013:. IVP. p. 187.
986:The Book of Genesis
982:Hamilton, Victor P.
819:Notes and citations
436:Legends of the Jews
296:Narrative criticism
277:as the ancestor of
169:[tʰɔːˈmɔːr]
1214:– via JSTOR.
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353:Thomas L. Thompson
309:Victor P. Hamilton
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225:coitus interruptus
201:Genesis chapter 38
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1192:Novum Testamentum
1049:Vetus Testamentum
851:978-0-7188-2987-2
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1170:
1161:
1149:
1140:
1128:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1087:the original
1082:
1078:Bible Review
1076:
1066:
1057:
1047:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1004:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
947:
941:Ruth 4:18–22
936:
925:
917:
912:
901:
889:. Retrieved
884:
863:Deut 25:5–10
858:
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837:
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797:
657:
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493:
485:
469:
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434:
432:
429:
414:
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392:
378:Jewish views
357:
340:aetiological
335:
333:
325:Robert Alter
321:Derek Kidner
313:John Emerton
305:Joseph story
299:
283:
275:Book of Ruth
264:
256:
244:
223:
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76:, school of
70:
55:October 2021
52:
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34:lead section
515:Family tree
421:Melchizedek
1445:Categories
1052:29 , 405.
841:Dancy, J.
372:King David
338:contains "
329:dénouement
279:King David
165:pronounced
142:pronounced
1410:(1897). "
1165:Sotah 10b
1123:Sotah 12b
891:August 6,
417:Canaanite
410:Israelite
248:and Tamar
177:date palm
78:Rembrandt
74:and Tamar
39:summarize
1027:(1981).
808:Vayeshev
802:See also
317:J corpus
286:Ethiopic
155:Tiberian
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1212:1561365
1112:Berakot
999:Egypt.”
501:Elohist
497:Jahwist
344:Dillman
271:Rebekah
259:Timnath
83:In the
1333:Cheyne
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672:Shelah
489:Joseph
395:Talmud
290:Persia
230:Shelah
163:Tāmār
159:
140:Tamar
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132:Modern
125:תָּמָר
119:Hebrew
1412:Tamar
1337:Black
1208:JSTOR
1154:Sotah
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1100:Sotah
918:Enaim
789:Zerah
785:Perez
658:Tamar
529:Judah
476:Jesus
453:Jacob
449:Isaac
246:Judah
189:Zerah
185:Perez
181:Judah
89:Tamar
72:Judah
1335:and
893:2014
847:ISBN
787:and
665:Onan
506:The
460:Shem
362:and
348:Noth
346:and
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