548:(popularly called as "Minto-Morley Reforms"), officially introduced the method of electing members to the Council. But it did not provide for direct election of the members. It abolished automatic official (executive) majorities in the Council and gave its members the power to move resolutions upon matters of general public interest and the budget and also to ask supplementary questions. There were a total of 21 elected members and 21 nominated members. The Act allowed up to 16 nominated members to be official and the remaining five were required to be non-officials. The Governor was also authorised to nominate two experts whenever necessary. As before, the Governor, his two executive council members and the Advocate-General were also members of the Council.
858:
dissolution by the
Governor and one-third of its members retired every three years. 46 of its members were elected directly by the electorate while the Governor could nominate 8 to 10 members. Similar to the council, the electable members were further classified into general and reserved members. Specific number of seats were reserved (allocated) to various religious and ethnic groups. The Act provided for a limited adult franchise based on property qualifications. Seven million people, roughly 15% of the Madras people holding land or paying urban taxes were qualified to be the electorate. Under this Act, two councils were constituted - the first in
278:
Act, the nominated members were allowed to move their own bills and vote on bills introduced in the council. However, they were not allowed to question the executive, move resolutions or examine the budget. Also they could not interfere with the laws passed by the
Central Legislature. The Governor was also the president of the Council and he had complete authority over when, where and how long to convene the Council and what to discuss. Two members of his Executive Council and the Advocate-General of Madras were also allowed to participate and vote in the Council. The Indians nominated under this Act were mostly
2138:
416:"election" explicitly. The elected members were officially called as "nominated" members and their method of election was described as "recommendation". Such "recommendations" were made by district boards, universities, municipalities and other associations. The term of the members was fixed at two years. The Council could also discuss the annual financial statement and ask questions subject to certain limitations. Thirty eight Indian members were "nominated" in the eight elections during 1893-1909 when this Act was in effect.
1140:. During 1946–52, it moved back to the Fort St. George. In 1952, the strength of the assembly rose to 375, after the constitution of the first legislative assembly, and it was briefly moved into temporary premises at the government estate complex. This move was made in March 1952, as the existing assembly building only had a seating capacity of 260. Then on 3 May 1952, it moved into the newly constructed assembly building in the same complex. The legislature functioned from the new building (later renamed as
1099:
138:
628:
listed as the transferred subjects. Law, Finance, Revenue and Home affairs were the reserved subjects. The provincial council could decide the budget in so far it related to the transferred subjects. Executive machinery dealing with those subjects was placed under the direct control of provincial legislature. However, the provincial legislature and the ministers did not have any control over the reserved subjects, which came under the
Governor and his Executive council.
40:
1110:
896:- the successor to Madras Presidency. It continued to be called as the "Madras Legislative Council". The Council was a permanent body and was not subject to dissolution. The length of a member's term was six years and one-third of the members retired every two years. The strength of the Council was not less than 40 or more than one-third of the strength of the Assembly. The following table illustrates how the members of Council were selected:
1338:
1372:
4255:
2122:
2108:
1007:
her insolvency. He used a provision in the
Section 31 of The Presidency Towns Insolvency Act of 1909, which allowed a judge to annul an insolvency retrospectively if all debts had been paid in full. This annulment made Nirmala's nomination valid and the writ petition against it was dismissed. However, Nirmala withdrew her nomination to the council. The Governor of Tamil Nadu,
1002:(aka A. B. Shanthi) to the Council. Her swearing in ceremony was scheduled for 23 April 1986. Nirmala had earlier declared insolvency and according to Article 102-(1)(c) of the Indian Constitution, an insolvent person can not serve as a member of parliament or state legislature. On 21 April, a lawyer named S. K. Sundaram, filed a public interest writ petition in the
1072:. The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Act, 2010 received the assent of President on 18.5.2010 and published on the same day. Accordingly, Constituencies for the new house were identified in September 2010. Work on preparation of electoral rolls for them began in October 2010 and was completed by January 2011. However, in February 2011, the
1016:, who was not an MLA at that time, planned to enter the legislative council, and trouble the Chief minister from both Houses in the Legislature, as the Chief Minister was a member of the Lower House. Following such unwanted events and miffed with rumors, MGR decided to abolish the council once for all.
1067:
necessary for it to be done. On both occasions, the ADMK governments that followed the DMK governments passed counter resolutions to rescind them (in
October 1991 and July 2001 respectively). The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Bill, 2010 was approved by the Indian cabinet on 4 May 2010 and was passed
1165:
in the
Omandurar Government Estate. In 2007, the German architectural firm GMP International won the design competition to design and construct the new assembly complex. Construction began in 2008 and was completed in 2010. The assembly functioned in the new assembly building during March 2010 - May
1083:
As on now, despite the fact that there is a specific provision of a
Legislative Council in Tamil Nadu in Article 168 of Constitution of India, there is no Legislative Council in Tamil Nadu for want of a resolution by the Tamil Nadu State Legislative Assembly by majority as provided in Article 169 of
698:
urban, Mohamaddan rural, Indian
Christian, European and Anglo-Indian 2)special constituencies such as landholders, Universities, planters and trade associations (South India Chamber of Commerce & Nattukottai Nagarathar Association) and 3) territorial constituencies. 28 of the constituencies were
456:
from the
University of Madras were some of the active members. However, over a period of time, representation by Indian members dwindled, for example, the position of Bashyam Iyengar and Sankaran Nayar in 1902 was occupied by Acworth and Sir George Moore. The council did not meet more than 9 days in
277:
The first Indian
Councils Act of 1861 set up the Madras Legislative Council as an advisory body through which the colonial administration obtained advice and assistance. The Act empowered the provincial Governor to nominate four non-English Indian members to the council for the first time. Under the
627:
could override any law passed by the Provincial councils. It brought about the concept of "Partial Responsible Government" in the provinces. Provincial subjects were divided into two categories - reserved and transferred. Education, Sanitation, Local self-government, Agriculture and Industries were
415:
In 1892, the role of the Council was expanded by the Indian Councils Act of 1892. The Act increased the number of additional members of the Council to a maximum of 20, of whom not more than nine had to be officials. The Act introduced the method of election for the Council, but did not mention word
1006:
challenging Nirmala's nomination to the Council. MGR loaned Nirmala a sum of Rupees 4,65,000 from ADMK's party funds to pay off her creditors, so that her insolvency declaration could be annulled. The same day, Nirmala's lawyer Subramaniam Pichai, was able to persuade judge Ramalingam to set aside
970:
state on 1 October 1953, its strength came down to 51. In 1956 it decreased to 50 and the next year increased again to 63 - where it remained till the council's abolition. Of those 63, local bodies and the assembly elected 21 each, the teachers and graduates elected 6 each and the remaining 9 were
1144:
during 1952–56. However, with the reorganisation of states and formation of Andhra, the strength came down to 190 and the legislature moved back to Fort St. George in 1956. From December 1956 till January 2010, the Fort remained the home to the legislature . In 2004, during the 12th assembly, the
1019:
On 14 May, a resolution seeking to abolish the council was moved successfully in the legislative assembly. The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council (Abolition) Bill, 1986 was passed by both houses of the Parliament and received the assent of the president on 30 August 1986. The Act came into force on 1
857:
and a Legislative Council. The Assembly consisted of 215 members, who were further classified into general members and reserved members representing special communities and interests. The Council consisted of a minimum of 54 and a maximum of 56 members. It was a permanent body not subject to
1079:
In the 2011 Assembly elections, the AIADMK came out with a sweeping majority. The AIADMK government headed by J.Jayalalitha expressed its intention not to revive the council. The government once again passed a counter resolution to withdraw the attempt to revive the council.
1054:
said steps will be taken to move the necessary constitutional amendments for reviving the council. On 12 April 2010, the Legislative Assembly passed a resolution seeking to revive the Council. The DMK's earlier attempts to revive the council, when it was in power during
693:
of the Governor's Executive Council. Out of the 127, 98 were elected from 61 constituencies of the presidency. The constituencies comprised three arbitrary divisions - 1)communal constituencies such as non-Muhammadan urban, non-Muhammadan rural, non-Brahman urban,
2095:, were appointed by the Governor himself. The presidents who came after them were chosen by the Council itself. During 1937–86, the presiding officer was called as the "Chairman of the Council". The following table lists the presiding officers of the Council.
971:
nominated. The Council could not pass legislation on its own - it had to approve or disapprove the laws passed by the Assembly. In case of conflict between the Council and the Assembly, the will of the later would prevail. When Madras state was renamed as
316:. The Council met infrequently and in some years (1874 and 1892) was not convened even once. The maximum of number of times it met in a year was eighteen. The Governor preferred to convene the Council at his summer retreat
622:
in the Provinces. Although this Act brought about representative Government in India, the Governor was empowered with overriding powers. It classified the subjects as belonging to either the Centre or the Provinces. The
1011:
asked MGR to explain how Nirmala's nomination was proposed without proper vetting. This incident caused an embarrassment to MGR. Then a rumor arose that President of the main opposition party and former Chief minister
2384:
758:). The term of the councils was three years (except for the fourth council which was extended for a year in expectation of abolition of dyarchy ). While the first, second and fourth Councils were controlled by
1069:
1277:
During its existence as the upper chamber of Tamil Nadu Legislature, the Council has been used thrice to appoint non-members of the Legislature as Chief Minister. The first time this happened was when
3743:
618:
was enacted. The Act enlarged the provincial legislative councils and increased the strength of elected members to be greater than that of nominated and official members. It introduced a system of
1614:
1388:
2083:
During 1861–1937, the presiding officer of the Madras Legislative Council was known as the "President of the Council". From its establishment in 1861 till dyarchy was introduced in 1921, the
3776:
1600:
1124:
since colonial times. During 1921–37, the Madras Legislative Council met at the council chambers within the fort. Between 14 July 1937 – 21 December 1938, the assembly met at the
913:
Nominated by the Governor on the advice of the cabinet. They were supposed to have excelled in fields like arts, science, literature, cooperative movement or social service
433:
1038:(DMK) has so far made three unsuccessful attempts to revive the council. Revival of the Legislative Council was one of the promises included in the election manifesto of
1298:
1286:
4610:
2745:
557:
2820:
320:, much to the displeasure of the Indian members. The few times when the Council met, it was for only a few hours with bills and resolutions being rushed through.
2938:
1574:
565:
3753:
863:
569:
1149:
made unsuccessful attempts to shift the assembly (the council had been abolished by then), first to the location of Queen Mary's College and later to the
1818:
859:
755:
751:
747:
743:
735:
553:
2662:
2070:
1941:
288:
landowners, who often benefited from their association with the colonial government. Supportive members were often re-nominated for several terms.
250:
tried to revive the Council. The former AIADMK regime (2016-2021) expressed its intention not to revive the council and passed a resolution in the
3786:
1956:
4580:
4243:
3566:
739:
731:
communities and 1 would represent the "backward tracts". Including the Executive Council members, the total strength of the legislature was 134.
3862:
2592:
1961:
4695:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1060:
1056:
1043:
577:
222:. Its role and strength were later expanded by the second Council Act of 1892. Limited election was introduced in 1909. The Council became a
1029:
238:, one of the successor states to the Madras Presidency. It was renamed as the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council when the state was renamed as
3914:
3711:
3580:
3372:
3326:
960:
Elected by an electorate consisting of teachers of secondary schools, colleges and universities with a minimum experience of three years
150:
4221:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
738:
for the Madras Legislative Council, under this Act was held in November 1920. The first sitting of the Council was inaugurated by the
2010:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1678:
1622:
984:
272:
2028:
2002:
4690:
4001:
3471:
1919:
4700:
4459:
4414:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1538:
1420:
4454:
4394:
4360:
4125:
4088:
3695:
3500:
3289:
3208:
3094:
2928:
2020:
966:
The actual strength of the council varied from time to time. During 1952–53, it had a strength of 72. After the formation of
329:
4615:
2063:
2015:
1979:
4479:
4409:
4294:
4236:
1543:
1517:
1197:
1125:
4605:
4549:
4365:
4309:
2540:
2506:
2436:
2418:
1451:
4429:
4334:
4098:
2626:
1456:
1050:
became Chief minister. In his inaugural address to the 13th Legislative Assembly delivered on 24 May 2006, Governor
763:
4559:
4554:
4484:
2574:
2470:
2313:
2042:
1716:
1063:
were not successful, as it did not possess both the two-thirds majority in the Legislative Assembly and a friendly
4534:
4514:
4380:
4324:
3836:
2923:
2056:
1566:
1533:
854:
251:
4600:
4539:
4524:
4494:
4469:
4464:
4229:
2350:
1992:
1282:
611:
3613:
703:. 29 members were nominated, out of whom a maximum of 19 would be government officials, 5 would represent the
4669:
4664:
4504:
4329:
4319:
4033:
3358:
853:
legislature in the Madras province. The Legislature consisted of the Governor and two Legislative bodies - a
453:
1157:. Both attempts were withdrawn after public opposition. During the 13th Assembly, the DMK government led by
952:
Elected by an electorate consisting of electors who have held Graduate degrees for a minimum of three years
4652:
4642:
4544:
4499:
4489:
4449:
4444:
3828:
1974:
1947:
1496:
885:
846:
615:
605:
601:
231:
3130:
3044:
2087:
was also the President of the Council. After dyarchy introduced, the first and second council presidents,
4590:
4585:
4529:
4519:
4509:
4474:
4251:
1162:
922:
892:
was adopted in 1950, the Legislative Council continued to be the upper chamber of the legislature of the
119:
4595:
4575:
4434:
4424:
4419:
4370:
4355:
4350:
4314:
4141:
3947:
3888:
3667:
3228:
2888:
2858:
1969:
1683:
1608:
1594:
1582:
1508:
1076:
stayed the elections to the new council, till the petitions challenging its revival could be heard.
1039:
1035:
624:
3975:
3559:
4647:
4439:
2803:
2331:
1469:
1415:
1400:
1121:
926:
867:
545:
268:
219:
215:
3084:
2706:
2488:
2092:
1706:
1618:
1446:
1187:
1117:
1102:
1093:
429:
417:
4168:
3641:
3924:
3721:
3590:
3526:
3386:
2687:
2169:
2088:
1556:
1479:
1325:
1278:
1073:
581:
4115:
3279:
3198:
4184:
3254:
2717:
1395:
1380:
1352:
996:
937:
889:
759:
3440:
2909:
2766:
2112:
1129:
1051:
573:
449:
445:
421:
305:
8:
4271:
2933:
2084:
1935:
1439:
1064:
293:
289:
123:
4659:
3781:
3748:
3547:
3259:
3180:
3172:
1410:
1290:
1169:
List of historical locations where the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council has been housed:
1141:
1132:
and between 27 January 1938 - 26 October 1939 in the Banqueting Hall (later renamed as
1008:
988:
309:
243:
4121:
4094:
4027:
3829:"A Review of the Madras Legislative Assembly (1952-1957) : Section I, Chapter 2"
3352:
3285:
3204:
3184:
3090:
1661:
1405:
1201:
1003:
687:
585:
441:
207:
4211:
3000:
2137:
766:. The fifth council also saw a fractured verdict and a minority Justice government.
304:
were members for six years each. Other prominent members during the period included
246:
administration on 1 November 1986. In 1989, 1996 and 2010, the DMK regime headed by
4637:
3164:
2898:
2877:
2644:
2207:
2147:
975:
in 1968, the name of the council also changed to "Tamil Nadu Legislative Council".
589:
549:
437:
425:
313:
113:
4063:
3692:
1161:
proposed a new plan to shift the assembly and the government secretariat to the a
4048:
4011:
3699:
3618:
3382:
3336:
3312:
3114:
3067:
2295:
2261:
2189:
1688:
1302:
1297:
to the Council so that Rajaji could become chief minister. The third time was in
1166:
2011. In May 2011, the Tamil Nadu legislature was moved back to Fort St. George.
1150:
879:
301:
145:
3411:
2176:
1255:
1158:
1146:
1047:
695:
247:
3863:"Tamil Nadu Assembly bids goodbye to Fort St George, to move into new complex"
3168:
3028:
Madras Legislative Council; Its constitution and working between 1861 and 1909
762:
majorities, the third Council was characterised by a fractured verdict and an
4684:
2839:
2727:
2126:
1669:
1305:
became the chief minister first and then got himself elected to the Council.
1098:
1013:
317:
165:
152:
137:
4216:
742:
on 12 January 1921. In total, five such councils were constituted (in 1920,
3532:
2756:
1604:
1590:
1504:
1429:
1360:
992:
967:
941:
893:
850:
716:
235:
3889:"State-of-the-art Secretariat draws on Tamil Nadu's democratic traditions"
3155:
Christopher Baker (1976), "The Congress at the 1937 Elections in Madras",
4629:
4279:
4259:
2792:
1294:
1216:
1133:
561:
297:
211:
187:
57:
1285:
to the Council so that Kumaraswamy Raja could become chief minister. In
3808:
3496:
3467:
3416:
3004:
1693:
1487:
1220:
1137:
972:
239:
223:
199:
31:
4090:
Land and people of Indian states and union territories. 25. Tamil Nadu
3176:
1109:
4284:
4006:
3952:
3919:
3813:
3716:
3585:
3377:
3331:
3307:
2107:
1651:
1578:
724:
227:
191:
234:
in 1947, it continued to be the upper chamber of the legislature of
712:
704:
284:
279:
3086:
The Govt of India ACT 1919 Rules Thereunder and Govt Reports 1920
2972:
The role of Madras Legislature in the freedom struggle, 1861-1947
1337:
1205:
797:
728:
700:
619:
39:
2121:
1371:
849:
abolished dyarchy and ensured provincial autonomy. It created a
3693:
Delimitation of Council Constituencies (Tamil Nadu), Order 2010
3445:
1154:
720:
708:
226:
legislative body in 1921 and eventually the upper chamber of a
210:. It was initially created as an advisory body in 1861, by the
936:
Elected by the members of local self governmental bodies like
4263:
4254:
3339:. 14 June 2002. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013
195:
4166:
218:, enacted in the British parliament in the aftermath of the
3373:"Court imposes Rs. 4.65-lakh fine on Vennira Adai Nirmala"
686:
The Council had a total of 127 members in addition to the
4185:"List of Governors of Madras, Provinces of British India"
4167:
Naidu, R. Janardhanam; K. Ramalingam; V. Subbiah (1974).
1238:
Kalaivanar Arangam, Government Estate (Omandurar Estate)
2974:. People's Pub. House (New Delhi). pp. 5–70, 72–83.
1105:
where the Tamil Nadu Legislature functioned for 60 years
3948:"Another milestone in Tamil Nadu's legislative history"
3501:"Crime writer's casebook- Vennira Aadai Nirmala Case-2"
2939:
List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
3327:"Rs. 4.5 lakh-fine slapped on 'Vennira Aadai' Nirmala"
921:
Elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly by
983:
The legislative council was abolished in 1986 by the
3999:
3116:
The Justice Party: a historical perspective, 1916-37
3069:
The Justice Party: a historical perspective, 1916-37
3976:"After 16 months, Assembly back at Fort St. George"
3642:"Cabinet clears State Legislative Council proposal"
3524:
3150:
3148:
1272:
4086:
4217:TN Election Commission page for Council elections
3915:"New Assembly complex to have high-rise building"
3154:
873:
4682:
4142:"Legislative Council to be revived: Karunanidhi"
4117:THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA A Politico-Legal Study
4087:Gopal K. Bharghava, Shankarlal C. Bhatt (2005).
3145:
2593:Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael, Baron Carmichael
1942:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
769:
432:representing southern group of district boards,
4046:
4040:
3025:
2969:
2663:George Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Baron Willingdon
4014:. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013
3039:
3037:
3001:"The State Legislature - Origin and Evolution"
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2541:Arthur Oliver Villiers-Russell, Baron Ampthill
2507:Arthur Oliver Villiers-Russell, Baron Ampthill
466:Constituencies that elected members (1909–19)
457:a year during the time the Act was in effect.
4237:
4120:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 226.
2064:
1070:Indian Parliament on 5th and 6th of May, 2010
1046:. The DMK won the 2006 assembly election and
1020:November 1986 and the council was abolished.
4212:The State Legislature - Origin and Evolution
3973:
3945:
3912:
3886:
3811:(28 July 2008). "From Assembly to theatre".
3472:"Crime Writer's Casebook-ANJALI DEVI CASE-2"
3226:
3108:
3106:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
1389:Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and
1030:List of Council constituencies of Tamil Nadu
4093:. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. p. 525.
3856:
3854:
3774:
3438:
3284:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. pp. 207–218.
3229:"Legislative Council had chequered history"
3203:. Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
3034:
2950:
4244:
4230:
4061:
3807:
3518:
3495:
3466:
3222:
3220:
3119:. Poompozhil Publishers. pp. 212–220.
2101:Chairman of Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
2071:
2057:
242:in 1969. The Council was abolished by the
136:
38:
3777:"TN govt's new office complex faces flak"
3712:"Announcement on electoral roll revision"
3406:
3404:
3281:Introduction to the Constitution of India
3112:
3103:
3065:
3059:
2978:
1219:), Government Estate (Omandurar Estate),
779:
636:
470:
436:of the northern group of municipalities,
341:
3851:
3611:
3581:"Assembly votes for Legislative Council"
3565:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3489:
3460:
2809:
2781:
2676:
2250:
1108:
1097:
985:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
257:
230:legislature in 1937. After India became
3217:
1318:This article is part of a series on the
206:, the first provincial legislature for
4683:
4113:
4062:Pushpa Iyengar, Sugata Srinivasaraju,
3993:
3441:"Jayaprada's status as MP in jeopardy"
3401:
3365:
3319:
3298:
3277:
3271:
3252:
3246:
3082:
3076:
2783:During Provincial Autonomy (1937–1946)
1136:) in the Government Estate complex at
1120:has historically been the seat of the
4225:
3432:
3072:. Poompozhil Publishers. p. 206.
2929:List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu
1308:
648:17 December 1920 – 11 September 1923
330:Madras Legislative Council, 1891-1909
4696:1861 establishments in British India
4611:Patiala and East Punjab States Union
4000:C. V. Gopalakrishnan (31 May 2001).
3775:Karthikeyan, Ajitha (22 July 2008).
1980:Tamil Nadu State Election Commission
610:Based on the recommendations of the
595:
460:
273:Madras Legislative Council (1861–91)
3605:
3196:
3190:
1518:Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
1293:(Rajaji) was nominated by Governor
866:. Both Councils were controlled by
656:26 November 1923 – 7 November 1926
479:District boards and Municipalities
444:from the Corporation of Madras and
13:
4047:T. V. R. Shenoy (22 August 2001).
4002:"Of Governors and Chief Ministers"
3913:Ramakrishnan, T. (19 April 2008).
3752:. 22 February 2011. Archived from
3123:
3089:. BiblioBazaar. pp. 186–199.
2419:Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff
1452:Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
1370:
1336:
1230:Council chambers, Fort St. George
1212:27 January 1938 – 26 October 1939
1023:
14:
4712:
4205:
3946:Ramakrishnan, T (13 March 2010).
3887:Ramakrishnan, T (11 March 2010).
3860:
3720:. 24 October 2010. Archived from
3668:"Parliament nod for Council Bill"
3131:"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly"
3045:"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly"
1457:Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
1263:31 August 1959 - 1 November 1986
4253:
3614:"Tamil Nadu to have Upper House"
3227:Ramakrishnan, T (8 April 2010).
3030:. S. Chand & CO. p. 76.
2811:In Republic of India (1950–1986)
2136:
2120:
2106:
1273:Chief Ministers from the Council
1194:14 July 1937 – 21 December 1938
495:South India Chamber of Commerce
4177:
4160:
4134:
4107:
4080:
4055:
3974:Ramakrishnan, T (24 May 2011).
3967:
3939:
3906:
3880:
3837:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
3821:
3801:
3768:
3744:"SC stays TN council elections"
3736:
3704:
3686:
3660:
3634:
3589:. 12 April 2010. Archived from
3573:
3305:"C. N. Annadurai: a timeline".
3255:"Public Administration Special"
2924:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
2368:William Rose Robinson (acting)
2252:Governors of Madras (1861–1920)
1567:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
1266:Assembly Hall, Fort St. George
1246:Assembly Hall, Fort St. George
1113:Senate House, Madras University
927:Single Transferable Vote System
847:Government of India Act of 1935
616:Government of India Act of 1919
592:were among the active members.
252:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
4691:Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
3019:
2437:Robert Bourke, Baron Connemara
2385:Duke of Buckingham and Chandos
1819:Legislative Assembly Elections
1632:Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
1283:Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji
1243:29 April 1957 – 30 March 1959
1235:3 May 1952 – 27 December 1956
874:In Republic of India (1950-86)
184:Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
25:Tamil Nadu Legislative Council
1:
4701:Defunct upper houses in India
4670:Constituent Assembly of India
4064:"Where The Family Heirs Loom"
4049:"From Rajaji to Jayalalithaa"
3861:S, Murari (15 January 2010).
3385:. 6 June 2007. Archived from
2944:
2627:John Sinclair, Baron Pentland
2471:Bentley Lawley, Baron Wenlock
770:Provincial autonomy (1937-50)
680:November 1934 - January 1937
672:October 1930 - November 1934
664:November 1926 - October 1930
4653:Central Legislative Assembly
4643:Imperial Legislative Council
3622:. Diligent Media Corporation
3525:India Today, Vol 11 (1986).
3439:indiaabroad (4 March 2009).
3412:"TN to get back Upper House"
3253:Darpan, Pratiyogita (2008),
2610:Sir Murray Hammick (acting)
2575:Arthur Lawley, Baron Wenlock
2402:William Huddleston (acting)
2089:Perungavalur Rajagopalachari
1975:Election Commission of India
1948:National Democratic Alliance
1497:Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
1227:24 May 1946 – 27 March 1952
978:
782:
639:
606:Diarchy in Madras Presidency
602:Government of India Act 1919
537:
529:
521:
513:
505:
497:
489:
481:
473:
408:
400:
392:
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
323:
214:. It was established by the
202:. It began its existence as
16:Defunct upper house in India
7:
3197:Low, David Anthony (1993).
2917:
2645:Sir Alexander Gordon Cardew
2011:City Municipal Corporations
1391:Fundamental Duties of India
1087:
991:(MGR). MGR had nominated a
923:proportional representation
503:Madras Traders Association
434:Kruthiventi Perraju Pantulu
296:was a member for 23 years,
292:was nominated eight times,
212:British colonial government
120:Proportional representation
10:
4717:
4395:State Legislative Assembly
2678:During dyarchy (1920–1937)
1281:was nominated by governor
1091:
1068:by both the houses of the
1027:
877:
727:, Thottiyar, Cheruman and
599:
534:
526:
518:
510:
502:
494:
486:
478:
405:
397:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
349:
327:
266:
204:Madras Legislative Council
4628:
4568:
4402:
4393:
4343:
4302:
4295:State Legislative Council
4293:
4270:
4170:Bharani's Madras handbook
4032:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3357:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3169:10.1017/s0026749x00014967
2889:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
2869:Indian National Congress
2859:M. A. Manickavelu Naicker
2850:Indian National Congress
2831:Indian National Congress
2221:
2213:
2203:
2195:
2185:
2175:
2165:
2157:
2133:
2119:
2105:
2100:
1970:Electoral College (India)
1040:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
1036:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
262:
144:
135:
130:
111:
106:
96:
88:
80:
75:
65:
51:
46:
37:
30:
23:
3612:Arun Ram (26 May 2006).
3026:K. C. Markandan (1964).
2970:S. Krishnaswamy (1989).
2804:Indian National Congress
2558:Gabriel Stoles (acting)
2524:James Thompson (acting)
2332:Alexander John Arbuthnot
1717:Indian General Elections
1615:Leader of the Opposition
1416:Basic structure doctrine
1202:Madras University Campus
1122:Government of Tamil Nadu
546:Indian Councils Act 1909
269:Indian Councils Act 1861
220:Indian Rebellion of 1857
216:Indian Councils Act 1861
4665:Provincial Legislatures
3619:Daily News and Analysis
2746:C. V. S. Narasimha Raju
2707:L. D. Swamikannu Pillai
2489:Arthur Elibank Havelock
2279:Edward Maltby (acting)
2093:L. D. Swamikannu Pillai
1619:Edappadi K. Palaniswami
1447:Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
1094:Fort St. George (India)
1084:Constitution of India.
1044:2006 Assembly elections
987:(AIADMK) government of
632:Councils under dyarchy
558:N. Krishnaswami Iyengar
430:C. Vijayaraghavachariar
418:C. Jambulingam Mudaliar
382:1899, 1902, 1903, 1904
166:13.081539°N 80.285718°E
3278:Sharma, B. K. (2007).
3113:Rajaraman, P. (1988).
3066:Rajaraman, P. (1988).
2821:R. B. Ramakrishna Raju
2688:Sir P. Rajagopalachari
2296:William Thomas Denison
2262:William Thomas Denison
2170:Governor of Tamil Nadu
2152:1976 – 1 November 1986
1480:Governor of Tamil Nadu
1375:
1341:
1328:Politics of Tamil Nadu
1279:P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja
1145:ADMK Government under
1114:
1106:
1074:Supreme Court of India
824:Nominated by Governor
582:V. S. Srinivasa Sastri
4114:Johari, J. C (2007).
3083:Mithra, H.N. (2009).
3047:. Government of India
1381:Constitution of India
1374:
1340:
1112:
1101:
957:One-twelfth (1/12th)
949:One-twelfth (1/12th)
944:and district boards.
487:University of Madras
258:History and evolution
3698:21 July 2011 at the
3315:. 15 September 2009.
3157:Modern Asian Studies
2910:Tamil Arasu Kazhagam
2767:B. Ramachandra Reddi
2113:Emblem of Tamil Nadu
1534:Council of Ministers
1130:University of Madras
1052:Surjit Singh Barnala
905:Method of Selection
855:Legislative Assembly
764:independent ministry
586:P. Theagaraya Chetty
574:T. V. Seshagiri Iyer
566:B. V. Narasimha Iyer
450:V. Krishnaswamy Iyer
446:P. S. Sivaswami Iyer
422:N. Subba Rao Pantulu
306:V. Bhashyam Aiyangar
171:13.081539; 80.285718
4272:Parliament of India
3133:. Indian Government
2934:Governors of Madras
2454:John Henry Garstin
2036:District Panchayats
1936:AIADMK-led Alliance
1601:Leader of the House
1440:Indian criminal law
890:Indian Constitution
884:After India became
776:
775:Breakdown of seats
633:
612:Montague-Chelmsford
467:
338:
294:Humayun Jah Bahadur
290:G. N. Ganapathy Rao
194:legislature of the
162: /
124:First past the post
4660:Chamber of Princes
3782:The Times of India
3756:on 4 November 2012
3749:The Times of India
3724:on 28 October 2010
3260:Pratiyogita Darpan
2085:Governor of Madras
2043:Village Panchayats
1411:Uniform Civil Code
1376:
1342:
1309:Presiding Officers
1291:C. Rajagopalachari
1186:Council chambers,
1142:Kalaivanar Arangam
1115:
1107:
1009:Sundar Lal Khurana
989:M. G. Ramachandran
933:One-third (1/3rd)
918:One-third (1/3rd)
910:One-sixth (1/6th)
862:and the second in
808:Indian Christians
774:
631:
570:K. Perraju Pantulu
519:Large landholders
465:
334:
310:S. Subramania Iyer
244:M. G. Ramachandran
4678:
4677:
4624:
4623:
4460:Jammu and Kashmir
4415:Arunachal Pradesh
4389:
4388:
4361:Jammu and Kashmir
4127:978-81-207-2654-3
3789:on 11 August 2011
3499:(26 March 2009).
3470:(17 March 2009).
3291:978-81-203-3246-1
3210:978-0-521-45754-5
3200:Eclipse of empire
3096:978-1-113-74177-6
2915:
2914:
2561:15 February 1906
2548:15 February 1906
2545:13 December 1904
2530:13 December 1904
2511:28 December 1900
2496:28 December 1900
2392:20 December 1880
2389:23 November 1875
2374:23 November 1875
2337:19 February 1872
2321:19 February 1872
2282:26 November 1863
2269:26 November 1863
2266:18 February 1861
2229:
2228:
2081:
2080:
1921:Political Parties
1662:Madras High Court
1329:
1270:
1269:
1254:Aranmore Palace,
1251:20–30 April 1959
1215:Banqueting Hall (
1004:Madras High Court
964:
963:
843:
842:
740:Duke of Connaught
699:reserved for non-
684:
683:
596:Diarchy (1920-37)
554:A. S. Krishna Rao
542:
541:
461:Further expansion
442:P. Rangaiah Naidu
413:
412:
337:during 1891-1909
335:Council meetings
208:Madras Presidency
181:
180:
4708:
4648:Council of State
4638:Council of India
4455:Himachal Pradesh
4400:
4399:
4300:
4299:
4258:
4257:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4223:
4222:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4031:
4023:
4021:
4019:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3927:on 22 April 2008
3923:. Archived from
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3833:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3785:. Archived from
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3708:
3702:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3593:on 14 April 2010
3577:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2997:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2899:M. P. Sivagnanam
2878:C. P. Chitrarasu
2631:30 October 1912
2616:30 October 1912
2597:3 November 1911
2582:3 November 1911
2475:23 January 1891
2460:23 January 1891
2457:1 December 1890
2444:1 December 1890
2441:8 December 1886
2426:8 December 1886
2423:5 November 1881
2408:5 November 1881
2300:18 January 1864
2285:18 January 1864
2246:Political party
2231:
2230:
2208:M. P. Sivagnanam
2199:18 February 1861
2186:Inaugural holder
2148:M. P. Sivagnanam
2140:
2124:
2110:
2098:
2097:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2039:Panchayat Unions
1995:
1994:Local Government
1957:National parties
1922:
1709:
1654:
1589:Deputy Speaker:
1559:
1472:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1330:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1172:
1171:
1065:union government
899:
898:
888:in 1947 and the
777:
773:
634:
630:
625:Governor General
590:Yakub Hasan Sait
550:P. Kesava Pillai
468:
464:
454:M. Krishnan Nair
438:C. Sankaran Nair
426:P. Kesava Pillai
339:
333:
314:C. Sankaran Nair
254:in this regard.
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
140:
42:
21:
20:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4620:
4616:Vindhya Pradesh
4564:
4385:
4339:
4289:
4266:
4252:
4250:
4208:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4128:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4085:
4081:
4072:
4070:
4060:
4056:
4045:
4041:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4015:
4012:The Hindu Group
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3944:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3859:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3790:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3700:Wayback Machine
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3555:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3535:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3383:The Hindu Group
3371:
3370:
3366:
3350:
3349:
3342:
3340:
3337:The Hindu Group
3325:
3324:
3320:
3313:The Hindu Group
3304:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3276:
3272:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3195:
3191:
3153:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3081:
3077:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2979:
2968:
2951:
2947:
2920:
2732:September 1925
2714:September 1925
2217:1 November 1986
2190:William Denison
2153:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2129:
2115:
2077:
2048:
2047:
2021:Town Panchayats
1997:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1966:
1953:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1814:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1698:
1689:Nyaya panchayat
1684:Gram Nyayalayas
1679:District Courts
1675:
1672:: K. R. Shriram
1656:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1628:
1588:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1530:
1492:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1443:
1435:
1425:
1401:Judicial review
1390:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1303:C. N. Annadurai
1275:
1188:Fort St. George
1151:Anna University
1118:Fort St. George
1103:Fort St. George
1096:
1090:
1032:
1026:
1024:Revival attempt
981:
882:
880:Vidhan Parishad
876:
772:
608:
598:
463:
374:1896,1898,1909
336:
332:
326:
302:P. Chentsal Rao
275:
265:
260:
170:
168:
164:
161:
156:
153:
151:
149:
148:
146:Fort St. George
126:and Nominations
116:
68:
61:
60:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4714:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4480:Madhya Pradesh
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4410:Andhra Pradesh
4406:
4404:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4366:Madhya Pradesh
4363:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4310:Andhra Pradesh
4306:
4304:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4207:
4206:External links
4204:
4202:
4201:
4189:Worldstatesman
4176:
4159:
4148:. 7 April 2010
4133:
4126:
4106:
4099:
4079:
4054:
4039:
3992:
3966:
3938:
3905:
3879:
3850:
3820:
3800:
3767:
3735:
3703:
3685:
3659:
3633:
3604:
3572:
3517:
3488:
3459:
3431:
3400:
3389:on 8 June 2007
3364:
3318:
3297:
3290:
3270:
3245:
3216:
3209:
3189:
3163:(4): 557–589,
3144:
3122:
3102:
3095:
3075:
3058:
3033:
3018:
2977:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:20 April 1964
2845:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2777:Justice Party
2775:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:12 April 1924
2668:
2667:10 April 1919
2665:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:10 April 1919
2650:
2649:29 March 1919
2647:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:29 March 1919
2632:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:30 March 1912
2611:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:30 March 1912
2598:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:28 March 1906
2577:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:28 March 1906
2562:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:30 April 1904
2525:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:30 April 1904
2512:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:18 March 1896
2491:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:18 March 1896
2476:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:29 April 1875
2369:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:29 April 1875
2356:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:27 March 1866
2316:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:27 March 1866
2301:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2143:Last in office
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2016:Municipalities
2013:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1627:
1626:
1612:
1598:
1586:
1571:
1570:
1562:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1512:
1501:
1500:
1491:
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1484:
1483:
1475:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
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1424:
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1418:
1413:
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1398:
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1369:
1366:
1365:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1310:
1307:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:Udhagamandalam
1252:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1159:M. Karunanidhi
1147:J. Jayalalitha
1092:Main article:
1089:
1086:
1048:M. Karunanidhi
1025:
1022:
980:
977:
962:
961:
958:
954:
953:
950:
946:
945:
942:municipalities
934:
930:
929:
919:
915:
914:
911:
907:
906:
903:
875:
872:
841:
840:
835:
829:
828:
825:
821:
820:
817:
813:
812:
809:
805:
804:
801:
793:
792:
789:
785:
784:
781:
771:
768:
736:first election
682:
681:
678:
674:
673:
670:
666:
665:
662:
658:
657:
654:
650:
649:
646:
642:
641:
638:
597:
594:
540:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
516:
515:
512:
508:
507:
504:
500:
499:
496:
492:
491:
488:
484:
483:
480:
476:
475:
474:No of Members
472:
462:
459:
411:
410:
407:
403:
402:
399:
395:
394:
391:
387:
386:
383:
379:
378:
375:
371:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:
355:
354:
351:
347:
346:
343:
325:
322:
264:
261:
259:
256:
248:M. Karunanidhi
190:of the former
179:
178:
142:
141:
133:
132:
128:
127:
117:
112:
109:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
56:
55:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4713:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4606:Madhya Bharat
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4550:Uttar Pradesh
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
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4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
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4463:
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4458:
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4453:
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4448:
4446:
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4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4335:Uttar Pradesh
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4247:
4242:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4172:
4171:
4163:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4129:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4100:81-7835-356-3
4096:
4092:
4091:
4083:
4069:
4068:Outlook India
4065:
4058:
4050:
4043:
4035:
4029:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3996:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3942:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3909:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3868:
3867:Asian Tribune
3864:
3857:
3855:
3839:
3838:
3830:
3824:
3816:
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3804:
3788:
3784:
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3697:
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3669:
3663:
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3643:
3637:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3608:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3568:
3561:
3549:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3528:Council Caper
3521:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3435:
3420:. 24 May 2006
3419:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3388:
3384:
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3374:
3368:
3360:
3354:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3249:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3221:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3193:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3132:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3062:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3022:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2966:
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2962:
2960:
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2954:
2949:
2940:
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2935:
2932:
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2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:P. V. Cherian
2838:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2788:
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2784:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2762:
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2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2728:M. Ratnaswami
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:Justice Party
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:Non-Partisan
2697:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
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2640:
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2633:
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2621:
2618:
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2612:
2609:
2606:
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2599:
2596:
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2256:
2253:
2249:
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2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2225:www.tn.gov.in
2224:
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2171:
2168:
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2149:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2127:Flag of India
2123:
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2019:
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2012:
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2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1989:
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1981:
1978:
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1967:
1963:
1962:State parties
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
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1933:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1916:
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1670:Chief Justice
1668:
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1544:Organizations
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1199:
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2757:Swaraj Party
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2405:24 May 1881
2355:15 May 1872
2340:15 May 1872
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2240:Took office
2204:Final holder
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1591:K. Pitchandi
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1430:Law of India
1428:
1396:Human rights
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4560:West Bengal
4555:Uttarakhand
4485:Maharashtra
4381:West Bengal
4325:Maharashtra
4280:Rajya Sabha
4073:16 November
4018:17 December
3931:11 February
3872:11 February
3843:11 February
3793:11 February
3760:23 February
3626:23 December
3556:|work=
3538:23 December
3510:23 December
3481:23 December
3452:23 December
3424:23 December
3393:23 December
3343:23 December
3137:25 November
3051:17 December
3011:17 December
2793:U. Rama Rao
2351:Lord Hobart
2314:Lord Napier
2177:Term length
1558:Legislature
1539:Departments
1295:Sri Prakasa
1217:Rajaji Hall
1134:Rajaji Hall
902:Proportion
886:independent
578:P. Siva Rao
562:B. N. Sarma
345:No of Days
298:T. Rama Rao
232:independent
188:upper house
169: /
81:Established
67:Term limits
58:Upper house
4685:Categories
4535:Tamil Nadu
4515:Puducherry
4376:Tamil Nadu
3809:S. Muthiah
3728:27 October
3497:Randor Guy
3468:Randor Guy
3417:Rediff.com
3007:Government
3005:Tamil Nadu
2945:References
1929:Coalitions
1694:Lok Adalat
1488:R. N. Ravi
1221:Mount Road
1183:1921–1937
1138:Mount Road
1028:See also:
993:Tamil film
973:Tamil Nadu
925:using the
878:See also:
816:Europeans
696:Mohamaddan
600:See also:
511:Zamindars
398:1895,1905
366:1894,1907
358:1897,1901
328:See also:
267:See also:
240:Tamil Nadu
224:unicameral
200:Tamil Nadu
157:80°17′09″E
154:13°04′54″N
32:Tamil Nadu
4601:Hyderabad
4540:Telangana
4525:Rajasthan
4495:Meghalaya
4470:Karnataka
4465:Jharkhand
4330:Telangana
4320:Karnataka
4285:Lok Sabha
4146:The Hindu
4051:. Rediff.
4007:The Hindu
3980:The Hindu
3953:The Hindu
3920:The Hindu
3893:The Hindu
3814:The Hindu
3717:The Hindu
3672:The Hindu
3646:The Hindu
3586:The Hindu
3558:ignored (
3548:cite book
3378:The Hindu
3332:The Hindu
3308:The Hindu
3233:The Hindu
3185:144054002
2334:(acting)
2214:Abolished
2196:Formation
2181:Six years
2166:Appointer
2161:Abolished
1938:(AIADMK+)
1708:Elections
1653:Judiciary
1639:Disbanded
1579:M. Appavu
1471:Executive
1421:Amendment
1178:Location
1175:Duration
1061:1996-2001
995:actress,
979:Abolition
851:bicameral
725:Sakkiliar
535:Planters
324:Expansion
280:zamindars
228:bicameral
198:state of
192:bicameral
107:Elections
89:Disbanded
4505:Nagaland
4028:cite web
3959:18 March
3898:18 March
3696:Archived
3597:13 April
3353:cite web
3267:(22): 60
2918:See also
1406:Taxation
1153:campus,
1088:Location
868:Congress
788:General
713:Valluvar
705:Paraiyar
701:Brahmans
637:Council
527:Muslims
285:ryotwari
186:was the
4545:Tripura
4500:Mizoram
4490:Manipur
4450:Haryana
4445:Gujarat
4403:Current
4303:Current
3985:23 June
3505:Galatta
3476:Galatta
3238:8 April
2222:Website
1944:(INDIA)
1575:Speaker
1258:(Ooty)
1206:Chepauk
1128:of the
1057:1989–91
1000:Nirmala
798:Muslims
691:members
669:Fourth
653:Second
620:dyarchy
76:History
71:6 years
4591:Bombay
4586:Bhopal
4569:Former
4530:Sikkim
4520:Punjab
4510:Odisha
4475:Kerala
4371:Punjab
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4344:Former
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2158:Status
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1526:Vacant
1155:Guindy
968:Andhra
783:Seats
780:Group
729:Holeya
721:Madiga
709:Pallar
677:Fifth
661:Third
645:First
342:Years
263:Origin
196:Indian
4596:Coorg
4576:Ajmer
4435:Delhi
4425:Bihar
4420:Assam
4351:Assam
4315:Bihar
4264:India
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3181:S2CID
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2692:1920
2237:Name
2029:Rural
2003:Urban
1950:(NDA)
1301:when
838:54-56
833:Total
827:8-10
640:Term
406:1893
390:1900
350:1906
97:Seats
4196:2010
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4122:ISBN
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4034:link
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