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The
Pakistani state forces conducted a violent campaign of repression against the Hajong people, and most Hajongs left Pakistan for India. Pakistani authorities claimed that "almost all" of the Hajong refugees were communist sympathizers, a claim that was used to motivate the expropriation of their
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auctioned the land every year and the farmer who auctioned the most paddy was given that land. The minimum rate of Tanka at auctions tends to increase over time. At one point this rate increased so much that in 1937 the minimum rate of Tanka at auction was approximately 555 kg for 3/4 of an acre.
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in 1930, he was placed on parole at his home in
Mymensingh District. At that time the local farmers complained to him about the Tanka. He was then arrested again and released in 1937. After returning home to his village, the local farmers pressed him to launch a movement for the abolition of the
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Both the meaning and origin of the word "Tanka" are unknown. The system of assured payment of agricultural land rent through paddy was called Tanka in
Mymensingh region. In other parts of Bengal this method of payment of rent was known by different names. The poor landless farmers of Mymensingh
244:
struggled against feudal domination of
Bengali Hindu landlords. There was a severe crackdown against the movement in 1946. The Hajong then turned to guerrilla struggles. By the time of independence of Pakistan, the Hajong guerrillas operating along the Indo-Pakistani border were well organised.
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side of the border. For some time they conducted frequent cross-border raids against
Pakistani police parties. Additional Pakistani police forces were sent to the area, patrolling the entire border area of the Mymensingh District.
248:
Hajong armed communist rebels captured control over a number of villages and set up their own administration there. The Hajong rebels were led by Lulit
Surkuhr Hajong and Podmolohchon Surkuhr Hajong. After being confronted by the
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Tanka system. In
November 1937, he started the Tanka movement by bringing together the farmers. As part of the movement, farmers refused to pay paddy as rent and demanded the traditional method of payment of rent.
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region chose this method of payment of rent as it was more profitable to pay paddy as rent than the money that had to be paid under the conventional system of payment of rent. According to the Tanka rule, the
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Bengali communist cadres had arrived in the Hajong areas in the 1930s, and helped to organise the Hajong peasants. During the period of 1942 and 1945, Hajong sharecroppers organized in the
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The rebels eventually settled down permanently in India. Lulit
Surkuhr Hajong founded a branch of the
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in the Garo Hills, whilst
Podmolohchon Surkuhr Hajong founded a branch of the same party in the
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started arresting politicians arbitrarily. Five years after the arrest of
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539:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust,
498:] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Biplobiper Kotha Prokashona.
233:. The Hajong movement was inspired by the struggles of
427:. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 2002. p. 237
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They Ask If We Eat Frogs: Garo Ethnicity in Bangladesh
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along with Ruh'imohon Hajong and Chondromohan Hajong.
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Peasant movement in Mymensingh region of British India
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Radical Politics in Meghalaya: Problems and Prospects
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Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
206:) was a militant agrarian struggle on behalf of the
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270:households and lands. These lands were sold to
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388:. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2009. pp. 48-49
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312:Communist Party of India
279:Communist Party of India
490:Rafiq, Sheikh (2015).
304:Chittagong armoury raid
606:1940s in British India
601:1930s in British India
521:Sirajul Islam (2012).
421:Sarkar, Sumit. Beyond
406:Schendel, Willem van.
120:Commanders and leaders
626:Communism in Pakistan
180:Casualties and losses
108:All India Kisan Sabha
382:Sen Gupta, Susmita.
96:Dominion of Pakistan
591:Mymensingh Division
215:Mymensingh District
46:Mymensingh District
636:Rebellions in Asia
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596:Bengal Presidency
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585:Categories
323:References
316:Moni Singh
302:After the
289:Background
259:Garo Hills
235:Moni Singh
213:people in
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328:Citations
296:zamindars
188:60 killed
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525:. In
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574:2024
555:OCLC
545:ISBN
500:ISBN
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