Music of Tanzania - Knowledge

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creative. Whether for societal reasons or new economic realities, ngoma is being taught by elders to youth less and less today. Nevertheless, ngoma is still popular. More often youth are taking what they can learn about various dances from different sources, including varieties of people, tribes, and places, as well as other styles of music such as bongo flava to combine all of these inspirations into new forms of dance. This has been a source of generational resentment between elders and youths, with elders upset at the lack of authenticity of the youths' ngoma, and the youths upset at never being taught authentic ngoma as the elders were. While there has been this loss of traditional nature to ngoma over the past 40 years, it has evolved into its modern genre, often including the use of modern instruments. Many of the traditional instruments of ngoma are no longer possible due to the outlawing of hunting preventing the access to materials necessary for many instruments. As a result, modern instruments such as guitars are used, as well as electronic equipment such as microphones, amplifiers, and keyboards.

419: 565:"When we were at school we were taught to sing the songs of the Europeans. How many of us were taught the songs of the Wanyamwezi or of the Wahehe? Many of us have learnt to dance the ‘‘rumba’’ or the ‘‘chachacha’’ to ‘‘rock’n’roll’’ and to ‘‘twist.’’...But how many of us can dance, or have even heard of, the Gombe Sugu, the Mangala, the Konge, Nyang’umumi, Kiduo or Lele Mama? ... And even though we dance and play the piano, how often does that dancing ...really give us the sort of thrill we get from dancing the mganda or the gombe sugu even though the music may be no more than the shaking of pebbles in a tin? It is hard for any man to get much real excitement from dances and music which are not in his own blood." 363:(RTD). Only the 4 Tanzanian genres were permitted to be recorded or broadcast, which at the time was ngoma, taarab, kwaya and dansi. The Broadcasting Services Act of 1993 allowed private broadcast networks and recording studios. In the few years prior to the 1993 Act hip hop had been getting somewhat established in Dar es Salaam, Arusha and Mwanza. It was transitioning from English performances of hip hop in originating in uzunguni, rich areas like Oysterbay and Masaki with the international schools, to Kiswahili performances of kizazi kipya, originating in uswahilini Following the opening of the radio waves, bongo flava spreading throughout the country, and the rest of the Great Lakes. 1077:

whole. As a greatly important international city home to many United Nations, African Union, East Africa Community, and many international NGO headquarters, the large international presence, along with many progressive organizations and dominant studios that have headed the city since 2000 like Grandmaster Records, has helped Arusha and its music scene has flourished with its festivals, community centers, and youth organizations. Okoa Mtaa Foundation being a most important and influential such youth organization, with its hip hop festivals. Okoa Mtaa is heavily influenced by the United African Alliance Community Center based in Arusha and founded by former

514:, a form of poetry as a dialog, debate, and praise usually for the TANU party. After 1985 and onto today, kwaya is still widespread, particularly in schools, and church, and as a powerful influence in other forms of music, but the use of both kwaya and ngonjera as a political tool is significantly diminished today, rarely used by CCM. The central role kwaya continues to play in early and religious life has helped make it highly influential music in Tanzania. Most singers learn how to sing in choirs at a young age, and kwaya is frequently featured in other forms of music, especially the very popular modern bongo flava. 822: 430: 1152: 3814: 34: 831: 1093:, zaiid, the one incredible, mex cortez, cygon, mansu lii, nash mc, 6 o'clock, ghetto ambasador, songa, wakazi, afande sele, stamina, roma, jay moh, professor, chid benz as well as the upcoming artists like cado kitengo, man side, toxic fuvu, they conserve hip hop elements and originality, they are calling themselves "baba wa rap", the fathers of rap", they are from dar es salaam, they have to freestyle session event like kilingeni msasani club. 378: 464:. It is stage-performed music that consists of sung Kiswahili poetry, usually about love, accompanied by a band typically heavy on string instruments. Today the audience participates in dancing, cheering or clapping, occasionally singing, and rewarding the performers when appropriate. taarab music first arose on Zanzibar island around 1830s as a Swahili music with some influence by the musical traditions of the 261: 3052: 510:

had less 5% literacy due to absence of schools. TANU created an education system, building schools in every village and neighborhood, and chose to make kwaya an instrumental aspect of education, as it still is today. This proved hugely successful, with Tanzania enjoying high literacy reaching 80% literacy in 18 years after independence. Alongside the kwaya troupes, TANU created and promoted

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connections at internet cafes or at work.naomba.com business directory, tanzaniadirectory.info Movie, and Sports information, and Arusha locality information all are part of an increasing number of websites dedicated to the region. Digital Tanzania music downloads are mostly done by free download websites and music platforms like iTunes, Google Music, etc.

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bongo flava is designed to appeal to a broad audience, both genders, for economic and commercial reasons, modern ngoma often does the same. UMATI's dance incorporates dances from a broad geographic range, while also incorporating traditional ngoma inspirations that can appeal to the elders, and bongo flava inspirations that can appeal to the youth.

1244:(formerly Zaire), who were entering the country as refugees and made residence in the country. But in recent years, mainly from the mid-nineties, new generation of musicians has emerged and are coming up with popular tunes which are Tanzanian in composition. Bands like Twanga Pepeta(African Stars Band) have created Tanzanian original new sounds. 488:. Prior to the rise of muziki wa dansi (jazz), taarab was usually listed to by a sitting and attentive audience. Following the World Wars, and even more so after independence, the audience participates by dancing, clapping, and singing. Lyrically, leading into and during the independence movements of the 1950s, taarab began to address politics. 947:. Outside Tanzania, Ubongo is often referring to Tanzania. Ubongo as a term originated from a speech by President Nyerere in the late '70s during a very difficult time following both the global fuel shocks of the '70s and the Kagera war against Uganda. Mwalimu Nyerere spoke that only a nation using brains (using Kiswahili 1181: 3090: 1179: 1177: 1180: 1178: 1076:

in Tanzania today is primarily a form of bongo flava. While Dar es Salaam is the center of Tanzanian and East African bongo flava and has a huge hip hop presence of its own, Arusha is seen as the center of hip hop in Tanzania and has a very large and important presence on hip hop for East Africa as a

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style of music, dance, and instruments, however in Tanzania, and other Swahili areas, also refers to events such as celebrations, rituals, or significant event in life such as giving birth or the passing of a loved one. The traditional forms of ngoma dancing prominently feature movements of the hips.

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Following independence in 1961, the TANU government understood the usefulness of kwaya for secular purposes to create a national identity, and promote education and ujamaa. One of the first actions TANU undertook for the new nation was to create schools to educate the population, which at that time

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One example of the new styles being created is the UMATI troupe from Iringa town. They created their own dance using a combination of dances Lingunjumu and Sindimba from Southern Tanzania, Mdundiko from the coast, and Akasimbo from Kagera while incorporating bongo flava moves. Much in the same way

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took root in the slightly better off part of the city with those that more access to the Western world. Furthermore, Tanzania hip hop artist saw themselves as distinct from American artists in that they focus more on economic issues and less on violence"" Rapper Sam Stigilydaa put it poignantly

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One of the key aspects of bongo flava that has helped its success is its ability to use such a wide variety of all music types even within the same song, making it appealing to both males and females, a much larger and all-encompassing audience. In a survey conducted in Morogoro asking Tanzanians

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Tanzanian urban youth absorbed global hip hop music and produced their own varieties. With the increased medialization of Tanzania in the 1990s, Tanzanian urban youth have had more access to hip hop music, and the incorporation of global culture has become more prevalent and visible in urban

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Historically ngoma has been primarily 'traditional' as it passed from generation to generation however was prohibited in colonial times for being 'wicked' and 'primitive'. In more recent times, particularly after 1985, this has been changing with ngoma becoming both more modern, and fluid or

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More information about Tanzanian music and events can be found on the various web portals that have sprung up recently. Tanzania has an enormously high growth rate for internet technologies, estimated at up to 500% per year. Because costs for computers are still quite high, many users share

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Because of the massive hip hop artist and fan base in Northern Tanzania's Arusha city, today it is termed as East Africa's hip hop capital. Artists such as Chaba, Mo Plus, Fido Vato, Spark Dog Malik, JCB, Watengwa, Chindo aka Umbwax, Donii, Wadudu wa dampo, Jambo Squad, Nako-to-nako, Weusi,

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Independence came in 1961, however, and three years later the state patronage system was set up, and most of the previous bands fell apart. Musicians were paid regular fees, plus a percentage of the gate income, and worked for a department of the government. The first such band is the

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In 1991, Tanzania hosted a hip hop competition called "Yo Rap Bonanza." While most rappers were performing American songs word for word; Saleh Ajabry, a Tanzanian, wrote his own Swahili lyrics to a song based on Vanilla Ice’s "Ice Ice Baby," and won the competition. Dar es Salaam's

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what their favorite type of music to listen to, 3/4ths of females and 4/5th of males responded bongo flava. However, after bongo flava the difference in listening habits of males and females diverged enormously, with females preferring kwaya and males preferring foreign hip hop.

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are among the pioneers of this style, which uses four drums and a keyboard for a sparse sound. Loudness is very important to the style, which is usually blared from outdated speakers; the resulting feedback is part of the music. The origin of the style is Zaramo wedding music.

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poetry accompanied by a band, typically string, in which audience is often, but not always, encouraged to dance and clap. Kwaya is choir music originally limited to church during colonization, but now an secular part of education, social, and political events.

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for the new nation. While there are always differences from tribe to tribe, to club to club, the nature of dance music in Tanzania is rarely limited and usually inspired by a large variety of sources. An example of this is the most famous Tanzania musician,

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in north-west Dar es Salaam in the mid 2000s, and has since the late 2010s spread throughout Tanzania, and since 2020 the surrounding Great Lakes. Singeli is a ngoma music and dance where a MC performs over fast tempo taarab music, often at between 200-300

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Tanzania, not only in the music, but also in fashion, food, dance, and sports. Hip hop has essentially provided Tanzanian urban youth and young adults with a means of expressing themselves and forming an identity, such as the conceptual identity of

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were political and funny while respectful and meaningful. 'Ndio Mzee' would go on to win best single in 2002. Along with the album as a whole it remains one of the most important and transitional moments in bongo flava's acceptance and spread.

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to widespread condemnation by artist across the world. The Mercury House, a former home of the Bulsara family, opened as a souvenir store in Stone Town, Zanzibar, in 2002. It opened as a museum to Freddie Mercury on 24 November 2019.

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and European music when returning from World War II. These musical influences fused and brought together the Tanzanian people. Eventually, the country and its people created their own style of music. This style, called "Swahili

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is considered one of the best-known reggae musicians from Tanzania. Ras Nas combines reggae, afro, and dub poetry. Many musicians work in bands that play at a hotel, usually led by a keyboard and including a rock-based sound.

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for Brainland) could, and would, overcome the difficult challenges Tanzania was facing. Unfortunately, things became even worse for Tanzania, and by the early 1980s Dar es Salaam was calling itself mostly by the name

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while females dance. Male and female MCs are near equally common, however styles between MC gender typically differ significantly. Male MCs usually perform in fast paced rap, while female MCs usually perform kwaya.

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1050:, bongo flava reached widespread acceptance and appeal. Professor Jay's landmark album contained messages that resonated, and connected, to and with both the youth and elders of society. Songs such as "Ndio Mzee" 850:

The current trend among Tanzanian music consumers has started changing from international popular music towards favoring products from their local artists who sing in Kiswahili. Popular artists include Mavokali

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and many others who are heading Tanzania's hip-hop music are from this city. There are other hip hop artists and crew like tamaduni music, kikosi kazi and artist like fid q, nikki mbishi, p the mc,

975:(style/fashion) and Remmy Ongala's band Matimila named their mtindo "Bongo". Remmy Ongala would become the most famous musician ever for Tanzania, reaching global fame working with English singer 576:

In practice, however, both artist, the public, and his TANU government embraced, used, combined, and created from both traditional dance and modern jazz to establish and promote nationalism and

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is a choir and a large part of Tanzanian life. It is practiced in school, church and even still events such as political rallies. Kwaya was originally a purely European form of music brought to

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by the Europeans and practiced in churches to the accompaniment of only European instruments, usually in European language. Gregory Barz described colonial use of kwaya in Tanzania as

229: 560:. Mwalimu Nyerere spoke of focusing on African traditions rather than western traditions, and contrasted ngoma against muziki wa dansi, in his inauguration speech in on 1962. 532:, new musical ideas of styles, marches, and instruments grew in popularity. With these new ideas dancing clubs started opening and becoming greatly popular in cities such as 1766:[Use of Narrative Techniques in Raising the Demand for Political Liberation in Southern Africa: An Examination of Selected Dance Music Songs in Tanzania 1940-1990]. 1591: 651: 1737: 1679: 4674: 3421: 1764:"Matumizi ya Mbinu ya Usimulizi katika Kuibua Dhamira ya Ukombozi wa Kisiasa Kusini mwa Afrika: Uchunguzi wa Nyimbo Teule za Muziki wa Dansi nchini Tanzania 1940-1990" 964:. The term Ubongo was being used as a clever way to say both, survival in Dar es Salaam required brains and inelegance, but was also full of mentally deranged people. 2103: 1443: 1035:

when he said, "American rappers talk about crazy things-drinking, drugs, violence against women, American blacks killing blacks. I hope African doesn't turn crazy"

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Dansi is a form of jazz or band music played for a dancing audience. With the great influence of Belgian Congo, and following the return of soldiers such as the

642:" is a mix of beats and styles of Cuban, European, Latin, and African music. Swahili jazz gave Tanzania a sense of independence and togetherness as a country. 1319:

The mushrooming of FM music stations and reasonable production studios has been a major boost to the music industry in the country. Contemporary artists like

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over through British, and later Arab, colonial rule. He rose to worldwide fame as the lead singer, and a songwriter and instrumentalist, of the rock music

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is the first major reggae star in Tanzania, beginning his career with Roots and Culture in 1985. Newer artists in the Tanzanian reggae genre includes the

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Perullo, Alex (2007). "" Here's a Little Something Local": An Early History of Hip Hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1984-1997". In Brennan, James R (ed.).

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It also features a large variety of instruments used, but most notable is the use of drums, specifically those that take the name from the style,

3813: 3452: 686: 484:. Taarab spread to the mainland and neighboring countries in the 1920s and rose to prominence in 1928 with the advent of the genre's first star, 402:

dances of Ambrokoi or the Wangoni dance of Ligihu. These are usually dances of jumping and stomping, providing the rhythms, and lots of singing.

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are the most famous Tanzanian rappers; Mr II's (then known as 2-Proud) "Ni Mimi" (1995) is the first major hit for the field. Groups like

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is a traditional dance music that has been the most widespread music in Tanzania. Dansi is urban jazz or band music. Taarab is sung

1909: 1302:. Neither Mr. Mercury, or the band Queen, ever performed in Tanzania. Their only African performance being the very controversial 4173: 4520: 603:, which was founded in 1932. Local bands at the time used brass and percussion instruments, later adding strings. Bands like 4360: 3954: 3647: 3589: 3564: 3543: 3518: 3493: 3413: 3390: 3139: 2727: 2705: 2677: 2569: 2353: 2142: 2067: 1731: 1673: 1484: 1437: 3269: 2359: 2148: 2073: 1490: 3357: 3170: 2095: 713: 351:

and singeli. Singeli is a ngoma music and dance where a MC performs over fast tempo taarab music, often at between 200-300

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The struggle for 'real' Tanzanian music: an anthropological analysis of the construction of national identity in Singeli

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Lemelle, Sidney J (2006). "'Ni Wapi Tunakwenda': Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha". In Basu, Dipannita (ed.).

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From independence until 1993, all recording and distribution of music was strictly managed by BASATA, primarily through

4380: 3964: 3944: 1872:"Hip-Hop and Bongo Flavour Music in Contemporary Tanzania: Youths' Experiences, Agency, Aspirations and Contradictions" 505:‘‘one of the most highly developed tools used in the colonization and domination of land and people, body and spirit.’’ 343:, where as the later bongo flava's dominant influences are taarab and dansi. Three recent influence on bongo flava are 4215: 4103: 3618: 2979: 1585: 549: 418: 331:, meaning "Music of the new generation", which originated in the late 1980s. Kizazi kipya's dominant influences were 1231: 1981: 272:

is constantly undergoing changes, and varies by location, people, settings and occasion. The five music genres in

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is one of the newer Tanzanian genres, developed in the 1990s, and is a fusion genre. It is a continuation of

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is the most popular and original musician of Tanzania, also there is a greater influx of musicians from the

4720: 4066: 4032: 3949: 1241: 437: 360: 3041:"'Mimi ni msanii, kioo cha jamii' urban youth culture in Tanzania as seen through Bongo Fleva and Hip-Hop" 4631: 4158: 3846: 3485: 3212: 1768: 1621: 1429: 2750: 4715: 4395: 3976: 3971: 3866: 3836: 3766: 2899: 2605: 2345: 2174: 1792:"From the margins to the mainstream: making and remaking an alternative music economy in Dar es Salaam" 1654:

Njogu, Kimani; Maupeu, Herv (2007). "Music and Politics in Tanzania: a case study of Nyota-wa-Cigogo".

697: 222: 3444: 677:, moving to Dar es Salaam in the early 70s. This was a common move at the time, bringing elements of 4678: 3851: 1215: 778:) is simply a rhythm, dance style, and fashion identified with a particular band and refers to their 662: 754:. Karoli's music is described as natural with mellow vocals and hypnotically rhythmicism. Her songs 4283: 4093: 3934: 3907: 3695: 3535: 2858: 2795:"Vanessa Mdee: "It's Tough to Be a Female Artist, You Have to Work Five Times Harder Than the Men"" 2134: 1953: 1723: 529: 398:. In some other cases, there may only be singing and dancing with no instruments used, such as the 277: 4687: 4009: 3938: 3798: 3332: 3208: 600: 3663: 3196: 2469: 2215:"Traditional dances and Bongo Fleva: A study of youth participation in ngoma groups in Tanzania" 1763: 1371:

and many others command a huge audience of followers in the country and neighbouring countries.

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lyrics were written for this anthem. - Another patriotic song, going back to colonial times, is

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is associated with Remmy Ongala and his Orchestra Super Matimila. Some bands maintain the same

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Prior to 2002 Kizazi Kipya, and its fans, were seen by most, particularly elders, as kihuni

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were huge hits in Tanzania and the countries around; she was nominated at the 2005 and 2006

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was widespread. Young Tanzanians organized themselves into dance clubs and bands, like the

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throughout their career, while others change with new personnel or popular preference.

556:) placed music as a central aspect of Tanzanian nationalistic identity, as laid out by 4585: 4410: 4405: 4385: 4350: 4335: 4246: 4168: 4138: 4078: 3643: 3614: 3585: 3560: 3539: 3514: 3489: 3135: 3078: 3040: 2975: 2931: 2911: 2673: 2669: 2629: 2617: 2565: 2505: 2493: 2435: 2386:"Ambiguous Relationships: Youth, Popular Music and Politics in Contemporary Tanzania" 2385: 2349: 2308: 2296: 2238: 2138: 2063: 2055: 1977: 1905: 1893: 1829: 1817: 1727: 1669: 1581: 1480: 1433: 1068: 1013: 477: 633:. Tanzanian soldiers brought back with them the music of these cultures, as well as 429: 348: 4657: 4648: 4570: 4540: 4525: 4510: 4500: 4490: 4455: 4450: 4400: 4345: 4320: 4108: 4014: 3510: 3247: 2903: 2609: 2557: 2553: 2485: 2288: 2284: 1957: 1885: 1809: 1320: 1227: 1081:. Other important hip hop collectives today are Ujamaa Hip Hop and Tamaduni Muzik. 860: 336: 320: 195: 3380: 2735: 2713: 1813: 4580: 4575: 4515: 4470: 4430: 4325: 4306: 4251: 3629: 3600: 3575: 3554: 3529: 3504: 3479: 3336: 3316: 3297: 3261: 3121: 2961: 2661:

Freedom and Unity-Uhuru na Umoja: A Selection from Writings and Speeches, 1952-65

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Lihamba, A. (2004). "A History of Theatre in Tanzania". In Banham, Martin (ed.).

2120: 2107: 2049: 1889: 1713: 1655: 1567: 1528: 1466: 1419: 1395: 1384: 1276: 548:, Tabora and many others. Following independence, the single-party government of 537: 523: 485: 390: 285: 210: 200: 190: 185: 121: 70: 3349: 3162: 1791: 943:. Ubongo is a term originally used, and in Tanzania still used, for the city of 629:

Tanzania was influenced heavily after the 1960s by the influence of African and

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is a famous traditionalist Tanzanian female singer and performer, who sings in

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Nyerere, Julius K. (1966). "President's Inaugural Address: 10 December 1962".

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The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture

2915: 2850: 2621: 2497: 2439: 2300: 2242: 2126: 1940:"Hooligans and heroes: Youth identity and hip-hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania" 1897: 1821: 1661: 1573: 1368: 1047: 1009: 993: 976: 944: 751: 701: 634: 604: 589: 533: 399: 340: 309: 126: 3675: 3669: 3506:

Performing Religion: Negotiating Past and Present in Kwaya Music of Tanzania

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Performing Religion: Negotiating Past and Present in Kwaya Music of Tanzania

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in the Best Folk Album category and for the Best Female Vocalist category.

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BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Music of Zanzibar – Taarab and Ikwan Safaa

2561: 2470:"Composition processes in popular church music in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania" 2971: 2549: 1961: 1364: 1344: 1328: 1031: 1018: 1001: 989: 904: 892: 888: 811: 693: 682: 616: 608: 596: 453: 395: 372: 297: 281: 80: 55: 2886:"Global Popular Musics and Changing Awareness of Urban Tanzanian Youth" 1969: 1939: 1468:

Cultured States: Youth, Gender, and Modern Style in 1960s Dar Es Salaam

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were formed (despite the name, these bands did not play American style

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Bongo flava is Tanzanian pop music originating in the early 2000s from

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Performing the Nation: Swahili Music and Cultural Politics in Tanzania

3079:"Bongo Flava (Still) Hidden 'Underground'–Rap from Morogoro, Tanzania" 2923: 2427: 1421:

Performing the Nation: Swahili Music and Cultural Politics in Tanzania

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The first popular music craze in Tanzania was in the early 1930s when

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The name "Bongo" of Bongo Flava comes from Kiswahili usually meaning

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composed the 1985 hit "Karubandika", which was a popular dance song.

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Live from Dar es Salaam: Popular Music and Tanzania's Music Economy

2101:(Act). Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania. 11 June 1994. 1340: 1336: 1288: 896: 872: 708:

lured musicians from Mlimani Park and disbanded the wildly popular

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BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Culture Musical Club and Bi Kidude

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Hip-Hop in Africa: Prophets of the City and Dustyfoot Philosophers

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Hip-Hop in Africa: Prophets of the City and Dustyfoot Philosophers

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The 1970s saw the popularization a laid-back sound popularized by

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Taarab performance by Kithara Orchestra of Zanzibar performing in

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President Nyerere, Tanganyika Inaugural Address, 10 December 1962

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National Anthem of Tanzania performed by United States Navy Band

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have moved away from American-style hip hop and incorporated

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crew, but technical limitations hindered commercial success.

674: 541: 473: 461: 423: 352: 289: 3089:(3). Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien: 73–94. 2768:: Birmingham Centre for Media and Cultural Research: 72–85. 2051:

Dar es Salaam. Histories from an Emerging African Metropolis

249: 3635: 3127: 782:, often from a particular locality or people. For example, 639: 612: 3262:"United States Navy Ceremonial Music and National Anthems" 830: 665:. These groups adopted the motto "Kamanyola bila jasho" ( 3531:

Performance and Politics in Tanzania: The Nation on Stage

1715:

Performance and Politics in Tanzania: The Nation on Stage

1218:'s official song and later became the national anthem of 868: 3681: 727:

The most recent permutation of Tanzanian dance music is

3199:[Ethical Impact of Singeli Music in Tanzania]. 1210:(God Bless Africa), composed by South African composer 971:

founded a band called Matimila. Each band has a unique

3602:

World Music-Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East

3195:

Mukandabvute, Aaron A.; Gores, Maria (16 April 2022).

1306:

where Queen disregarded UN Sanctions and performed in

1275:

One of the most internationally famous rock musician,

3329: 615:). Competitions were commonplace, a legacy of native 3231: 3229: 1712:

Edmondson, Laura (2007). McNaughton, Patrick (ed.).

304:

has since the mid-2000s been an unofficial music of

2751:"Sounding Tanzania in the Studios of Dar es Salaam" 1314: 3190: 3188: 939:, Kiswahili for Brainland. Flava is Kiswahili for 3328:The Evolution of Reggae Music in Tanzania - News 3226: 3194: 1618:A theatrical description of five Tanzanian dances 312:, and is the newest mainstream genre since 2020. 4707: 4267: 692:Popular bands in the 60s, 70s, and 80s included 3553:Njogu, Kimani; Maupeu, Herv (15 October 2007). 3185: 2748: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1042:. With the release of 'Machozi, Jasho na Damu' 1012:vocal styles and other Tanzanian music styles. 3235: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 4291: 3703: 2955: 2953: 2653: 2651: 2379: 2377: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1040:(culture of hooligans, trouble makers, drugs) 387:(Bantu, meaning dance, drum, and celebration) 230: 2832: 2421: 2419: 2417: 1757: 1755: 1505: 1222:. The melody is also the national anthem of 3552: 3115: 3113: 3111: 2578: 2463: 2461: 2266: 2264: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 1694: 1653: 1611: 1609: 903:. Some of the best known producers include 786:is associated with Mlimani Park Orchestra, 4298: 4284: 3710: 3696: 3411: 3070: 3032: 2950: 2648: 2533: 2531: 2374: 2327: 2271:Sanga, Daines Nicodem (10 December 2019). 2168: 2166: 2041: 1924: 1848: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1516: 1413: 1411: 268:As it is in other countries, the music in 237: 223: 3598: 3527: 3405: 2995: 2838: 2414: 2175:"Saleh J – Tanzanian Swahili rap pioneer" 1785: 1783: 1752: 1711: 3300:, SAHistory.org.za, accessdate 2020-1-22 3108: 2877: 2591: 2458: 2261: 2197: 1606: 1458: 428: 417: 376: 259: 248: 3076: 3038: 2959: 2742: 2657: 2528: 2383: 2333: 2213:Sanga, Daines Nicodem (27 March 2013). 2163: 2118: 2047: 1937: 1869: 1761: 1628: 1542: 1408: 1279:, born Farrokh Bulsara into the Indian 1247: 14: 4708: 3378: 3001: 2426:Khamis, Said A. M. (7 December 2005). 2425: 1780: 1615: 1464: 517: 317:(Bantu, meaning dance, drum and event) 4279: 4266: 4149:Natural resource and waste management 3717: 3691: 3627: 3577:The Garland Handbook of African Music 3573: 3477: 3455:from the original on 14 December 2018 3442: 3119: 2883: 2839:Parkshard, Doreen (4 February 2022). 2467: 2270: 2212: 1569:The Garland Handbook of African Music 1565: 1517:Hutchinson, Kate (17 December 2018). 1417: 794:with the Orchestra Safari Sound, and 3628:Clark, Msia Kibona (30 April 2018). 3556:Songs and Politics in Eastern Africa 3502: 3393:from the original on 2 February 2017 3173:from the original on 6 November 2018 3120:Clark, Msia Kibona (30 April 2018). 2537: 1789: 1762:Mahenge, Elizabeth (16 April 2022). 1657:Songs and Politics in Eastern Africa 1110:is a music genre that originated in 935:. Bongo is the augmentative form of 805: 714:International Orchestra Safari Sound 4305: 3004:"Tanzanian rap breaks free of past" 2172: 2096:THE BROADCASTING SERVICES ACT, 1993 2028: 2002: 1797:Journal of African Cultural Studies 24: 3812: 3471: 2185:from the original on 21 April 2021 1150: 1143: 413: 75: 25: 4732: 3657: 3528:Edmondson, Laura (20 July 2007). 3424:from the original on 23 June 2020 3360:from the original on 8 April 2022 3272:from the original on 7 April 2022 3039:Suriano, Maria (14 August 2007). 3002:Astill, James (2 February 2001). 2805:from the original on 31 July 2021 2775:from the original on 22 June 2022 2686:from the original on 22 June 2022 2636:from the original on 22 June 2022 2446:from the original on 22 June 2022 2249:from the original on 22 June 2022 1836:from the original on 22 June 2022 1740:from the original on 22 June 2022 1682:from the original on 22 June 2022 1594:from the original on 22 June 2022 1446:from the original on 22 June 2022 1204:The Tanzanian national anthem is 139:Nationalistic and patriotic songs 4606:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 4376:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3379:Harris, John (14 January 2005). 3096:from the original on 6 June 2022 3058:from the original on 6 June 2022 3020:from the original on 5 June 2022 2938:from the original on 5 June 2022 2865:from the original on 23 May 2022 2512:from the original on 2 June 2022 2468:Sanga, Imani (1 November 2006). 2402:from the original on 6 June 2022 2362:from the original on 7 June 2022 2315:from the original on 8 June 2022 2151:from the original on 5 June 2022 2076:from the original on 5 June 2022 1984:from the original on 9 June 2022 1912:from the original on 2 June 2022 1493:from the original on 5 June 2022 1315:Distribution and access to music 1195:Problems playing this file? See 1173: 929:brains, intelligence, cleverness 829: 820: 667:dance Kamanyola without sweating 491: 366: 32: 3574:Stone, Ruth M. (2 April 2010). 3436: 3372: 3342: 3322: 3303: 3284: 3254: 3155: 2817: 2787: 2720: 2698: 2112: 2088: 2022: 1996: 1580:. pp. 14, 46–50, 136–137. 982: 2891:Yearbook for Traditional Music 2749:Kerr, David; Rubanza, Hashim. 2337:A History of Theatre in Africa 1790:Kerr, David (2 January 2018). 1138: 13: 1: 3478:Askew, Kelly (28 July 2002). 3236:Van der Stockt, Anke (2019). 2060:Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd 1814:10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776 1666:Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd 1401: 1291:, moved to England after the 4268:Articles related to Tanzania 3684:. Accessed 25 November 2010. 3678:. Accessed 25 November 2010. 3672:. Accessed 25 November 2010. 3559:. African Books Collective. 2173:Nne, Juma (1 October 2001). 1890:10.1080/00020184.2011.628800 1769:Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam 1566:Stone, Ruth M., ed. (2008). 1259:and Ras Innocent Nyanyagwa. 1242:Democratic Republic of Congo 922: 361:Radio Tanzania Dar es Salaam 7: 4174:Water supply and sanitation 3664:List of Top Tanzanian Songs 3486:University of Chicago Press 3443:Dembi, Lola (3 July 2018). 3412:Lisa Cohen (10 June 2020). 3213:University of Dar es Salaam 2644:– via Cambridge CORE. 2273:"Global Impacts upon Ngoma" 1622:University of Dar es Salaam 1430:University of Chicago Press 1378: 1169:National Anthem of Tanzania 790:with the Juwata Jazz Band, 308:, unplanned communities in 106:Tanzania Music Awards (TMA) 10: 4737: 3339:Retrieved 18 February 2022 2900:Cambridge University Press 2606:Cambridge University Press 2346:Cambridge University Press 1616:Kaduma, Godwin Z. (1978). 1100: 1096: 1066: 1062: 809: 698:DDC Mlimani Park Orchestra 652:National Union of Tanzania 521: 442: 370: 4619: 4594: 4313: 4273: 4224: 4186: 4074: 4065: 4005: 3996: 3898: 3889: 3832: 3823: 3810: 3729: 3666:- Tanzanian Music Website 3599:Broughton, Simon (1999). 3503:Barz, Gregory F. (2003). 2614:10.1017/S0261143000003548 2592:Graebner, Werner (1989). 2538:Barz, Gregory F. (2003). 2490:10.1080/17411910600915406 2293:10.1163/26836408-14010007 2106:27 September 2020 at the 1620:(Thesis). Dar es Salaam: 1214:in 1897. The tune is the 769: 663:Orchestre Maquis Original 588:when he would perform in 347:in the 2010s, as well as 4361:Central African Republic 4216:House of Representatives 3682:New Tanzania Music Songs 3536:Indiana University Press 3381:"The sins of St Freddie" 3330:Reggae music in Tanzania 3315:18 February 2022 at the 3077:Englert, Birgit (2003). 2859:Mwananchi Communications 2384:Englert, Birgit (2008). 2135:Indiana University Press 1954:Indiana University Press 1724:Indiana University Press 1044:(Blood, Sweat and Tears) 434:Taarab/Kidumbak Ensemble 3296:4 November 2013 at the 3291:Enoch Mankayti Sontonga 3266:United States Navy Band 3209:Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 1870:Suriano, Maria (2011). 1662:Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 1465:Ivaska, Andrew (2011). 1432:. pp. 27–67, 276. 1270: 992:is the first Tanzanian 958:world is spinning/dizzy 669:). Marquis hailed from 650:, which worked for the 619:societies and colonial 601:Dar es Salaam Jazz Band 4154:Persecution of Albinos 3817: 3754:East African Campaign 2884:Remes, Pieter (1999). 2846:The Citizen (Tanzania) 2231:University of Bayreuth 2119:Perullo, Alex (2011). 2009:Standard Entertainment 1938:Perullo, Alex (2005). 1308:Apartheid South Africa 1155: 1117:beats per minute (BPM) 845:muziki wa kizazi kipya 710:Orchestra Safari Sound 659:Orchestre Safari Sound 574: 440: 426: 382: 353:beats per minute (BPM) 329:muziki wa kizazi kipya 265: 257: 4521:São Tomé and Príncipe 4381:Republic of the Congo 3816: 3772:Sultanate of Zanzibar 3640:Ohio University Press 3319:Retrieved 18 February 3132:Ohio University Press 2562:10.1163/9789004334328 2474:Ethnomusicology Forum 2235:University of Leipzig 1477:Duke University Press 1418:Askew, Kelly (2002). 1154: 764:Tanzania Music Awards 712:in 1985, forming the 562: 530:King's African Rifles 432: 421: 381:Tanzanian Ngoma group 380: 300:being added in 2001. 263: 252: 89:Media and performance 3777:Zanzibar slave trade 3607:Rough Guides Limited 3335:21 June 2022 at the 3163:"Aika & Nahreel" 3134:. pp. 105–127. 2974:. pp. 230–254. 2801:. 11 February 2019. 2758:Music and Technology 2738:on 10 November 2006. 2391:University of Vienna 2348:. pp. 223–247. 2062:. pp. 250–272. 1962:10.1353/at.2005.0045 1668:. pp. 241–246. 1248:Reggae and dancehall 1207:Mungu Ibariki Africa 1162:Mungu ibariki Afrika 466:Mainland Great Lakes 156:Mungu ibariki Afrika 4721:Culture of Tanzania 4596:States with limited 3799:Uganda–Tanzania War 3784:Zanzibar Revolution 3749:Maji Maji Rebellion 3167:africasacountry.com 2029:Digital, Standard. 2003:Digital, Standard. 1293:Zanzibar Revolution 1123:In the early 2000s 581:(African Socialism) 518:Dansi (jazz / band) 482:Indian subcontinent 4129:List of Tanzanians 4043:Telecommunications 3818: 3789:Arusha Declaration 3744:German East Africa 2855:Nation Media Group 2672:. pp. 40–45. 2522:Taylor and Francis 1992:– via JSTOR. 1877:Africa Development 1232:Tanzania, Tanzania 1156: 931:but can also mean 476:instruments), the 441: 427: 383: 266: 264:Poet Mrisho Mpoto 258: 4716:Music of Tanzania 4703: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4623:other territories 4396:Equatorial Guinea 4260: 4259: 4182: 4181: 4061: 4060: 3992: 3991: 3955:Political parties 3930:Foreign relations 3885: 3884: 3804:COVID-19 pandemic 3649:978-0-89680-502-6 3591:978-1-135-90001-4 3566:978-9987-08-108-0 3545:978-0-253-11705-2 3520:978-90-420-0827-4 3495:978-0-226-02981-8 3310:ASB Twanga Pepeta 3169:. 16 March 2013. 3141:978-0-89680-502-6 2679:978-0-19-644082-8 2670:Oxford University 2571:978-90-420-0827-4 2355:978-1-139-45149-9 2179:Africanhiphop.com 2144:978-0-253-00150-4 2069:978-9987-08-107-3 2056:British Institute 1733:978-0-253-11705-2 1675:978-9987-08-108-0 1486:978-0-8223-4770-5 1439:978-0-226-02981-8 1238:Mbaraka Mwinshehe 1182: 1069:Tanzanian hip hop 1014:Tanzanian hip hop 967:In 1981 musician 933:mentally deranged 907:, Mesen Selekta, 806:Bongo Flava (pop) 558:President Nyerere 247: 246: 163: 162: 134: 133: 42:Music of Tanzania 16:(Redirected from 4728: 4684: 4683:(United Kingdom) 4679:Tristan da Cunha 4675:Ascension Island 4667: 4654: 4645: 4621:Dependencies and 4314:Sovereign states 4307:Music of Africa 4300: 4293: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4264: 4263: 4240: 4233: 4072: 4071: 4028: 4003: 4002: 3896: 3895: 3830: 3829: 3757: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3689: 3688: 3653: 3624: 3595: 3570: 3549: 3524: 3511:Brill Publishers 3499: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3449:Tinamagazine.com 3440: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3346: 3340: 3326: 3320: 3307: 3301: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3248:Ghent University 3233: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3192: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3117: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3095: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3057: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2957: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2774: 2755: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2734:. Archived from 2724: 2718: 2717: 2712:. Archived from 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2655: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2589: 2576: 2575: 2554:Brill Publishers 2535: 2526: 2525: 2519: 2517: 2465: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2423: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2381: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2268: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2210: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2170: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2116: 2110: 2102: 2100: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2045: 2039: 2038: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1935: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1884:(3–4): 113–126. 1867: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1787: 1778: 1777: 1759: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1709: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1651: 1626: 1625: 1613: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1563: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1514: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1415: 1321:Diamond Platnumz 1184: 1183: 1153: 1016:is often called 915:. and Yogobeats 861:Diamond Platnumz 833: 824: 756:Ndombolo Ya Solo 741:Atomic Advantage 673:in southeastern 572: 391:Southern African 276:, as defined by 239: 232: 225: 145: 144: 95: 94: 36: 35: 29: 28: 21: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4692: 4682: 4665: 4652: 4643: 4624: 4622: 4615: 4599: 4597: 4590: 4309: 4304: 4269: 4261: 4256: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4220: 4178: 4159:Public holidays 4057: 4026: 3988: 3881: 3819: 3808: 3755: 3725: 3716: 3660: 3650: 3621: 3592: 3567: 3546: 3521: 3496: 3474: 3472:Further reading 3469: 3468: 3458: 3456: 3441: 3437: 3427: 3425: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3350:"Queen on tour" 3348: 3347: 3343: 3337:Wayback Machine 3327: 3323: 3317:Wayback Machine 3308: 3304: 3298:Wayback Machine 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3234: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3193: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3118: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3037: 3033: 3023: 3021: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2958: 2951: 2941: 2939: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2837: 2833: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2753: 2747: 2743: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2716:on 15 May 2006. 2704: 2703: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2680: 2656: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2590: 2579: 2572: 2550:The Netherlands 2536: 2529: 2515: 2513: 2466: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2434:(12): 133–159. 2424: 2415: 2405: 2403: 2382: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2356: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2316: 2269: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2211: 2198: 2188: 2186: 2171: 2164: 2154: 2152: 2145: 2117: 2113: 2108:Wayback Machine 2098: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2079: 2077: 2070: 2046: 2042: 2027: 2023: 2013: 2011: 2001: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1936: 1925: 1915: 1913: 1868: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1788: 1781: 1760: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1734: 1720:Bloomington, IN 1710: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1676: 1652: 1629: 1614: 1607: 1597: 1595: 1588: 1564: 1543: 1533: 1531: 1529:Kampala, Uganda 1515: 1506: 1496: 1494: 1487: 1463: 1459: 1449: 1447: 1440: 1416: 1409: 1404: 1396:Muziki wa dansi 1385:Sauti za Busara 1381: 1317: 1304:1983 Works Tour 1277:Freddie Mercury 1273: 1250: 1226:. In Tanzania, 1202: 1201: 1193: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1157: 1151: 1146: 1144:National anthem 1141: 1105: 1099: 1071: 1065: 1054:and "Siyo Mzee" 985: 925: 838: 837: 836: 835: 834: 826: 825: 814: 808: 772: 573: 570: 526: 524:Muziki wa dansi 520: 494: 486:Siti binti Saad 447: 416: 414:Taarab (poetry) 389:is an East and 375: 369: 243: 148:National anthem 122:Sauti za Busara 114:Music festivals 33: 23: 22: 18:Tanzanian music 15: 12: 11: 5: 4734: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4690: 4688:Western Sahara 4685: 4668: 4655: 4646: 4632:Canary Islands 4628: 4627: 4625: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4602: 4600: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4303: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4242: 4241: 4234: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4033:Stock Exchange 4030: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3977:Prime Minister 3974: 3972:Vice President 3969: 3968: 3967: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3857:National Parks 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3820: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3715: 3714: 3707: 3700: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3659: 3658:External links 3656: 3655: 3654: 3648: 3625: 3619: 3596: 3590: 3571: 3565: 3550: 3544: 3525: 3519: 3500: 3494: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3435: 3404: 3371: 3341: 3321: 3302: 3283: 3253: 3244:Ghent, Belgium 3225: 3203:(in Swahili). 3201:Mulika Journal 3184: 3154: 3140: 3107: 3069: 3031: 3016:. p. 18. 2994: 2980: 2949: 2908:10.2307/767970 2876: 2831: 2816: 2799:okayafrica.com 2786: 2766:Birmingham, UK 2741: 2732:kilitimetz.com 2719: 2710:kilitimetz.com 2697: 2678: 2666:United Kingdom 2664:(in Swahili). 2647: 2577: 2570: 2556:. p. 20. 2527: 2457: 2413: 2373: 2354: 2342:United Kingdom 2326: 2260: 2227:Mainz, Germany 2196: 2162: 2143: 2111: 2087: 2068: 2040: 2021: 1995: 1923: 1847: 1779: 1772:(in Swahili). 1751: 1732: 1693: 1674: 1627: 1605: 1586: 1541: 1504: 1485: 1479:. p. 78. 1457: 1438: 1406: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1380: 1377: 1316: 1313: 1272: 1269: 1249: 1246: 1212:Enoch Sontonga 1192: 1186: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1101:Main article: 1098: 1095: 1079:Black Panthers 1067:Main article: 1064: 1061: 984: 981: 924: 921: 828: 827: 819: 818: 817: 816: 815: 810:Main article: 807: 804: 774:A mtindo (pl. 771: 768: 731:. 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1048:Professor Jay 1045: 1041: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1023: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 980: 978: 977:Peter Gabriel 974: 970: 965: 963: 959: 955: 950: 946: 945:Dar es Salaam 942: 938: 934: 930: 920: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 855:(Vee Money), 854: 848: 846: 842: 832: 823: 813: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 767: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 742: 738: 734: 730: 725: 723: 720:(formerly of 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 702:Michael Enoch 699: 695: 690: 688: 687:Kasalo Kyanga 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 655: 653: 649: 643: 641: 636: 632: 627: 625: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 605:Morogoro Jazz 602: 598: 593: 591: 587: 582: 579: 567: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 534:Dar es Salaam 531: 525: 515: 513: 507: 506: 502: 498: 492:Kwaya (choir) 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 446: 439: 435: 431: 425: 424:Paris, France 420: 411: 407: 403: 401: 397: 392: 388: 379: 374: 367:Ngoma 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4196:History 4089:Culture 4079:Cuisine 4067:Society 4048:Tourism 3998:Economy 3903:Cabinet 3862:Regions 3847:Islands 3731:History 3428:27 June 3218:27 June 3062:22 June 2809:31 July 2277:Utafiti 2131:Indiana 1970:4187688 1534:26 June 1426:Chicago 1264:Ras Nas 1228:Swahili 1133:Tandale 1129:Manzese 1108:Singeli 1103:Singeli 1097:Singeli 1087:Nahreel 1074:Hip hop 1063:Hip hop 1028:msafiri 994:hip hop 941:Flavour 913:S2Kizzy 909:Nahreel 881:Ben Pol 873:Alikiba 792:Ndekule 784:Sikinde 776:mitindo 679:soukous 592:dress. 552:(later 345:Afropop 341:hip hop 302:Singeli 296:, with 196:Burundi 61:Singeli 4681: 4664: 4651: 4581:Zambia 4576:Uganda 4516:Rwanda 4471:Malawi 4431:Guinea 4326:Angola 4252:Portal 4206:Unguja 3867:Rivers 3837:Cities 3794:Ujamaa 3721: 3646: 3617: 3588: 3563: 3542: 3517: 3492: 3397:3 June 3364:3 June 3276:3 June 3147:4 June 3138: 3100:6 June 3024:5 June 2987:6 June 2978: 2968:London 2942:5 June 2930: 2924:767970 2922: 2914: 2869:5 June 2779:6 June 2690:2 June 2676: 2640:2 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