64:
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20:
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467:-class submarines, plagued by numerous technical problems and criticised over troubles with the combat system and noise reduction. Ric Shalders, commander of the Submarine Squadron said "the requirement of new submarine trials, the new need to test war-stock and the availability of the Torrens all came together to produce a very satisfactory result".
274:
with improved radio controls developed by
Lieutenant Commander Boyd R. Alexander, a radio design officer, and the Naval Research Laboratory in Bellevue D.C. for further testing and evaluation. The evaluation proved so successful that the US Navy moved up their plans for radio controlled warships and
54:
for naval gunnery practice or for weapons testing. Targets may be used with the intention of testing effectiveness of specific types of ammunition; or the target ship may be used for an extended period of routine target practice with specialized non-explosive ammunition. The potential consequences of
112:
wrote to the
Ministry of the Navy to propose a fusing system to fire explosive shells at wooden warships, instead of the usual, solid round shots that were then in general naval use. A commission studied the matter, and decided to build two
246:
After World War I ended, the US Navy and Army did live fire testing of attacking warships from the air. To get the testing as close to wartime conditions as possible, a well known radio engineer,
213:
was converted to radio-control in 1920–1921 and used for assessments of the damage that could be caused by aircraft and various calibres of guns. She was replaced in the role by the battleship
176:
was used by the Royal Navy to test new types of shells. The tests indicated that medium-strength armour could not stop the latest armour-piercing shells, causing the
British switch to an
220:
63:
85:
In order to meet environmental, health, and safety standards, ships now have to be thoroughly cleaned so that all dangerous material and potential contaminants (such as
475:
148:. The two prototypes were fired at her with devastating effect. This led to the adoption of the Paixhans gun in 1827. They were used to great effect at the
440:
had been thoroughly cleaned of all fuels, oils and potentially environmentally harmful substances. Her gun turret was donated to the South
Western City of
55:
a drifting wreck require careful preparation of the target ship to prevent pollution, or a floating or submerged collision risk for maritime navigation.
757:
268:
and the press attending. In the early 1930s the US Navy put considerable effort into the development of remote control ships and fitted the destroyer
827:
258:
into a remote-controlled target ship, a U.S. naval first. She was sunk off the
Pacific coast of Panama during fleet exercises by the battleship
639:
680:
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UK National
Archives ADM 1/8539/253 Capabilities of distantly controlled boats. Reports of trials at Dover 28 - 31 May 1918
535:
77:
Sinking redundant warships is an effective way of testing new weapons and warships in as realistic a manner as possible.
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attack of an unmanned target ship. The US Navy uses SINKEXs to train its sailors on the usage of modern-day weapons.
134:
860:
124:
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was towed to a sandbar 3.5 miles (5.6 km) off shore in 1944 and was used for bombing practice through the
234:
152:, to the interest of British and US observers, who announced the demise of wooden warships and the era of the
130:
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himself, but the state of the technology of the 19th century made it an ineffective and dangerous practice.
413:
456:. The submarine fired the torpedo at the stationary target from a submerged position over the horizon.
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359:
810:
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149:
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This technique is used to dispose of decommissioned warships. The US Navy performs SINKEXs north of
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sinking in the
Atlantic in 2005 as a naval target. It is the largest warship ever sunk.
19:
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was a display of firepower that provided some much needed positive publicity for the
640:"Coast Battleship No. 4 (ex-USS Iowa, Battleship # 4) – As a Target Ship, 1921–1923"
855:
121:
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251:
203:
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93:, escape exits also have to be created in it, should divers encounter problems.
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A familiar sight for more than fifty years in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, was
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642:. Department of the Navy—Naval Historical Center. 2009-09-08. Archived from
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89:, refrigerants etc.) are removed. In the event of the vessel becoming an
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In
September 1819, the French engineer and Army artillery officer
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of the Royal Navy's
Signals School, Portsmouth started in 1917.
47:
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that used 95 target ships. Some were obsolete US ships, such as
503:) is used for the test of a weapons system usually involving a
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conversion of the Boggs to a radio controlled target ship
436:) having been disposed of previously. Before the sinking
491:-class guided missile destroyer, at the end of a SINKEX
572:
242:(BB-4) under fire, prior to her sinking (March 1923)
554:Such systems had been advocated earlier already by
23:A Mexican helicopter firing rockets at the former
452:) 90 kilometres (56 mi) out to sea, west of
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46:is a vessel — typically an obsolete or captured
355:at the end of World War II, such as the German
582:Jeff Kinard, Spencer C. (INT) Tucker p.235-236
250:, developed the radio control gear to convert
219:in 1926. This followed the work by the secret
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783:
678:
790:
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681:"The Royal Navy Postwar: Type 12 Sinkings"
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448:was then towed from Fleet Base West (HMAS
221:Distantly Controlled Boat (D.C.B.) Section
140:two-decker of the same type as the French
735:"US Navy Ship Sinking Exercises (SINKEX)"
609:. US Naval Institute Press. p. 208.
340:was a 1946 series of US nuclear tests at
180:armour scheme for their new battleships.
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351:, others were ships surrendered by the
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522:off the coast of California; and near
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664:"U.S. Navy Gets Crewless Ghost Fleet"
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723:
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683:. www.btinternet.com. Archived from
536:Sinking ships for wreck diving sites
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13:
14:
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16:Ship that is shot at for practice
861:Ship-Submarine Recycling Program
275:in 1932 the obsolete battleship
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412:was the last of six Australian
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1:
679:Jeremy Olver (8 April 2001).
565:
414:River-class destroyer escorts
605:Schleihauf, William (2007).
364:and the Japanese battleship
117:for trial purposes in 1822.
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7:
707:"SINKEX - Sinking Exercise"
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133:, was condemned. She was a
10:
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733:Doehring, Thoralf (2008).
150:Battle of San Juan de Ulua
34:-class destroyer, during
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811:Ceremonial ship launching
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798:Life cycle of a Navy ship
705:Pike, John (2005-09-01).
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393:Mk48 wire guided torpedo
391:on June 14, 1999 with a
129:, made redundant by the
762:, July 1934, pp. 72–75
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266:United States Congress
264:, with members of the
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166:In 1921 former German
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39:
906:Ships sunk as targets
839:After decommissioning
495:The US military term
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382:Royal Australian Navy
330:
248:John Hays Hammond Jr.
237:
184:was then scuttled in
110:Henri-Joseph Paixhans
66:
22:
338:Operation Crossroads
332:Operation Crossroads
323:Operation Crossroads
311:. This World War II
120:In 1824, the 80-gun
282:and the destroyers
146:Battle of Trafalgar
131:Bourbon Restoration
823:Ship commissioning
711:GlobalSecurity.org
493:
335:
244:
115:Paixhans howitzers
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760:Popular Mechanics
758:"Robot Warships"
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607:The Baden Trials
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489:Charles F. Adams
400:-class submarine
308:James Longstreet
299:James Longstreet
294:were converted.
122:ship of the line
97:Notable examples
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669:, February 1932
667:Popular Science
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459:The sinking of
395:fired from the
204:pre-dreadnought
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91:artificial reef
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52:seaborne target
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752:External links
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178:all or nothing
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30:, an obsolete
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911:Ship disposal
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851:Ship breaking
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846:Reserve fleet
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828:lists by year
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816:lists by year
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687:on 2006-12-12
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520:Pacific Ocean
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516:Kauai, Hawaii
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497:Sink Exercise
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866:Retrofitting
804:Service life
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738:. Retrieved
714:. Retrieved
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689:. Retrieved
685:the original
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648:. Retrieved
644:the original
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471:As exercises
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342:Bikini Atoll
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313:Liberty ship
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256: (BB-4)
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202:The British
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126:Pacificateur
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103:Pacificateur
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50:— used as a
43:
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31:
26:
880:Museum ship
875:Target ship
524:Puerto Rico
384:(RAN) sank
361:Prinz Eugen
353:Axis powers
317:Vietnam War
261:Mississippi
206:battleship
81:Preparation
44:target ship
36:UNITAS Gold
901:Ship types
895:Categories
740:2009-02-21
716:2009-03-24
691:2009-06-25
650:2009-09-08
595:262, p. 49
566:References
422:Parramatta
403:HMAS
386:HMAS
168:battleship
136:Bucentaure
871:Scuttling
580:Artillery
518:; in the
487:, a U.S.
481:USS
346:USS
252:USS
216:Centurion
210:Agamemnon
208:HMS
197:Centurion
193:Agamemnon
186:Hurd Deep
171:SMS
68:USS
59:Rationale
25:USS
593:Neptunia
556:Napoleon
530:See also
450:Stirling
405:Farncomb
306:SS
271:Stoddert
154:ironclad
142:flagship
87:asbestos
32:Spruance
509:missile
505:torpedo
465:Collins
461:Torrens
446:Torrens
438:Torrens
418:Derwent
410:Torrens
398:Collins
388:Torrens
375:Torrens
144:of the
70:America
48:warship
38:in 2009
27:Conolly
613:
501:SINKEX
483:Towers
442:Albany
426:Stuart
367:Nagato
348:Nevada
230:(BB-4)
138:-class
542:Notes
454:Perth
434:Yarra
291:Kilty
285:Boggs
182:Baden
173:Baden
161:Baden
856:Hulk
611:ISBN
432:and
430:Swan
380:The
288:and
279:Utah
277:USS
254:Iowa
240:Iowa
238:USS
228:Iowa
195:and
873:or
507:or
479:ex-
897::
725:^
709:.
526:.
444:.
428:,
424:,
420:,
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188:.
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42:A
791:e
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777:v
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499:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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_Becomes_Radio-controlled_Target_Ship_In_1923.jpg)