700:
1729:
143:
1743:
753:. Scientific studies indicate that schools of tarpon have routinely migrated through the Panama Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific and back for over 70 years. However, they have not been found to breed in the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, anecdotal evidence from tarpon fishing guides and anglers would tend to validate this notion, as over the last 60 years, many small juvenile tarpon as well as mature giants have been caught and documented principally on the Pacific side of Panama at the
1736:
2159:
518:
123:
666:"breathes". This trait is essential due to the mangrove and marsh ecosystems the fish use as nursery habitats, which often have stagnant waters low in oxygen. The young fish will also ride the water into remote semi-landlocked ponds during storms and king tides, where they will stay from one to three years. These ponds, some of which are brackish or freshwater, often become so low in oxygen that tarpons and
647:
613:. Stage-two and -three juveniles feed primarily on zooplankton, insects, and small fish. As they progress in juvenile development, especially those developing in freshwater environments, their consumption of insects, fish, crabs, and grass shrimp increases. Adults are strictly carnivorous and feed on midwater prey; they hunt nocturnally and swallow their food whole.
662:, which, in addition to controlling the buoyancy, can be used as an accessory respiratory organ. It arises dorsally from the posterior pharynx, and the respiratory surface is coated with blood capillaries with a thin epithelium over the top. This is the basis of the alveolar tissue found in the swim bladder and is believed to be one of the primary methods by which
773:. Since tarpon tolerate wide ranges of salinity throughout their lives and eat almost anything dead or alive, their migrations seemingly are only limited by water temperatures. Tarpon prefer water temperatures of 72 to 82 °F (22 to 28 °C); below 60 °F (16 °C) they become inactive, and temperatures under 40 °F (4 °C) can be lethal.
493:, which they use primarily to breathe. They can also rise to the surface and take gulps of air, giving them a short burst of energy. The habitats of tarpon vary greatly with their developmental stages. Stage-one larvae are usually found in clear, warm, oceanic waters, relatively close to the surface. Stage-two and -three larvae are found in
670:
are the only fish able to survive in these environments. The juveniles therefore face fewer competitors and predators, but need to breathe atmospheric oxygen to survive. The ability to breathe air is retained in the adults. Even if they live in more oxygenated marine coastal habitats, they have high
600:
stage, is completed after 20–30 days. It occurs in clear, warm oceanic waters, usually within 10–20 m of the surface. The leptocephalus shrinks as it develops into a larva; the most shrunken larva, stage two, develops by day 70. This is due to a negative growth phase followed by a sluggish growth
675:
air breathers and will die without sufficient access to the surface. Gas exchange occurs at the surface through a rolling motion commonly associated with tarpon sightings. This "breathing" is believed to be mediated by visual cues, and the frequency of breathing is inversely correlated to the
595:
Tarpon breed offshore in warm, isolated areas. Females have high fecundity and can lay up to 12 million eggs at once. They reach sexual maturity once they are about 75–125 cm (30–50 in) in length. Spawning usually occurs in late spring to early summer. Their three distinct levels of
509:. Their habitats are characteristically warm, shallow, dark bodies of water with sandy mud bottoms. Tarpon commonly ascend rivers into fresh water. As they progress from the juvenile stage to adulthood, they return to the ocean's open waters, though many remain in freshwater habitats.
582:
Tarpon grow to about 4–8 ft (1.2–2.4 m) long and weigh 60–280 lb (27–127 kg). They have dorsal and anal soft rays and bluish or greenish backs. Tarpons possess shiny, silvery scales that cover most of their bodies, excluding the head. They have large eyes with
711:
took responsibility for fly fishing records in salt water (1978), fly fishing for tarpon became increasingly popular, despite declining populations (correlated with the decline of freshwater rivers flowing into the seas around
Florida.) Tarpon meat is not desirable, so most are
728:
Since tarpon are not commercially valuable as a food fish, very little has been documented concerning their geographical distribution and migrations. They inhabit both sides of the
Atlantic Ocean, and their range in the eastern Atlantic has been reliably established from
637:
when they come to the surface for air due to the rolling manner in which they move to take in air, as well as the silver scales lining their sides. Adults occasionally fall prey to sharks, porpoises, crocodiles, and alligators.
737:. Tarpon inhabiting the western Atlantic are principally found to populate warmer coastal waters, primarily in the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, Florida, and the West Indies. Nonetheless, tarpon are regularly caught by anglers at
943:
Martin-Medrano, L.; Garcia-Barrera, P. (2006). "Fossil
Ophiuroids of Mexico". In F. J. Vega; T. G. Nybor; M. D. C. Perrillat; M. Montellano-Ballesteros; S. R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz; S. A. Quiroz-Barroso (eds.).
985:
Tsukamoto Y., Okiyama, M. "Metamorphosis of the
Pacific Tarpon, Megalops Cyprinoides (Elopiformes, Megalopidae) with Remarks on Development Patterns in the Elopomorpha." Bulletin of Marine Science, 1997.
719:
The
Atlantic tarpon adapts well to water bodies in urban and suburban environments due to their tolerance for boat traffic and low water quality. Around humans, Atlantic tarpon are primarily nocturnal.
707:
Tarpon are considered some of the greatest saltwater game fishes, prized not only because of their great size but also because of their fight and spectacular leaping ability. After the
1040:
Daniels, C., et al. "The Origin and
Evolution of the Surfactant System in Fish: Insights into the Evolution of Lungs and Swim Bladders." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 2004.
610:
903:
Zale, Alexander and
Merrifield, Susan G. " Life History and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services. 1989.
1837:
1994:
1887:
1586:
1526:
915:
Wade, Richard Archer. "Ecology of
Juvenile Tarpon and Effects of Dieldrin on Two Associated Species." Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. 1969.
2503:
1984:
1937:
1482:
1927:
1827:
1807:
1767:
1646:
1392:
625:
during stage-one and early stage-two development are other fish, depending on their size. Juveniles are subject to predation by other juvenile
469:. Both species are found in marine and freshwater habitats, usually ascending rivers to access freshwater marshes. They are able to survive in
2529:
2330:
1967:
1502:
1442:
1098:"The Panama Canal as a Passageway for Fishes, with Lists and Remarks on the Fishes and Invertebrates Observed" by Samuel F. Hildebrand (1939)
2004:
1877:
1857:
1817:
1623:
1603:
1492:
2614:
1867:
332:
1462:
1947:
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1131:
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2317:
1162:
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2322:
708:
1007:
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839:
601:
phase. By day 70, the juvenile growth phase (stage three) begins, and the fish grows rapidly until sexual maturity.
2581:
2369:
2534:
2335:
1245:
555:(Woodward 1901): A species also from the Ypresian stage of the Eocene, 56-47 Mya. It lived in England along with
274:
1008:
Nursery
Habitat Characteristics of Juvenile Tarpon, Megalops atlanticus, in the northern Indian River Lagoon, FL
791:
925:
2438:
2425:
2252:
2239:
1742:
2443:
2257:
1119:
2573:
1073:
2586:
2374:
1155:
142:
1018:
609:
Stage-one developing tarpon do not forage for food but instead absorb nutrients from seawater using
1735:
1728:
31:
17:
2560:
699:
2361:
2179:
821:
2555:
2508:
2416:
2356:
2547:
2348:
2619:
2609:
2464:
2278:
2226:
2162:
1272:
1148:
587:
and broad mouths with prominent lower jaws that jut out farther than the rest of the face.
327:
Browne 1756 ex Browne 1789 non Gronow 1763 ex Gray 1854 non
Meuschen 1781 non Linnaeus 1766
268:
260:
238:
671:
rates of aerobic metabolism and also occasionally occur in hypoxic waters. These fish are
8:
2138:
418:
255:
766:
2217:
1299:
1128:
758:
312:
219:
137:
2542:
2451:
2343:
2265:
1974:
966:
713:
2231:
998:, in a Georgia Salt Marsh." Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Miami. 1968.
2430:
2270:
2095:
2058:
2026:
1019:
The silver lining to storm surge: How some baby fish ride out hurricanes to success
2456:
2401:
2088:
1563:
1472:
1135:
1123:
410:
130:
2244:
1030:
Body size and the air-breathing organ of the Atlantic tarpon Megalops atlanticus
965:. Special Papers. Vol. 43. The Geological Society of America. p. 120.
381:. They are the only members of the family Megalopidae. Of the two species, one (
2202:
2011:
1402:
1230:
1202:
1051:
Lords of the Fly: Madness, Obsession, and the Hunt for the World-Record Tarpon
770:
703:
A speared tarpon leaps from the water in an 1894 illustration by Hermann Simon.
584:
470:
454:
438:
184:
2603:
2035:
1907:
738:
634:
597:
80:
1029:
1751:
1713:
1542:
1432:
762:
754:
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659:
494:
490:
394:
322:
847:
2490:
2410:
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2211:
2078:
2051:
1787:
1693:
1634:
1452:
1382:
1366:
1345:
1311:
1257:
1208:
1171:
742:
734:
522:
204:
194:
55:
2296:
2102:
1898:
1847:
1777:
1683:
1422:
1412:
629:
and piscivorous birds. They are especially vulnerable to birds such as
566:
535:
498:
342:
100:
65:
2495:
2309:
2044:
1917:
1703:
1666:
1656:
1613:
1556:
1549:
1535:
1512:
750:
466:
434:
154:
105:
2482:
2173:
1140:
2395:
2196:
2112:
2069:
1574:
1196:
672:
546:
527:
517:
426:
386:
174:
95:
90:
75:
70:
60:
1062:"Tarpon (Megalops atlanticus)." www.tpwd.state.tx.us. 2 June 2009.
122:
2283:
1957:
1284:
1214:
1111:
746:
730:
596:
development usually occur in varying habitats. Stage one, or the
570:
442:
352:
110:
85:
1190:
630:
502:
462:
446:
430:
164:
48:
441:. Tarpon are also found along the eastern Atlantic coast from
2568:
2469:
1593:
994:
Rickards, William L. "Ecology and Growth of Juvenile Tarpon,
506:
458:
942:
885:" Megalops cyprinoides", www.fishbase.org, 11 February 2010.
1116:
873:" Megalops atlanticus", www.fishbase.org, 11 February 2010.
844:
Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement
723:
646:
2127:
948:. Topics in Geobiology. Vol. 24. pp. 115–131.
538:
during the Albian stage 113.0 million years ago (Mya).
474:
881:
879:
716:
Numerous tournaments are focused on catching tarpon.
453:
is found along the eastern African coast, throughout
2108:
2084:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1963:
1953:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1913:
1883:
1873:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1763:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1679:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1582:
1523:
1508:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1378:
869:
867:
865:
876:
862:
2601:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
1129:Tarpon Geographical Distribution and Migration
1229:
1156:
911:
909:
792:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
590:
888:
425:is found on the western Atlantic coast from
577:
1163:
1149:
906:
822:"Megalops Lacépède 1803 (ray-finned fish)"
121:
688:content of the water in which they live.
789:
698:
645:
516:
724:Geographical distribution and migration
400:
14:
2602:
691:
2178:
2177:
1183:
1170:
1144:
958:
565:(Jordan 1927): A fossil species from
534:Fossils of this genus go back to the
2574:FD1087D9-FFA2-4A53-FF67-A31C4DABFAAF
959:David, Lore Rose (16 January 1943).
545:(Woodward 1901): A species from the
709:International Game Fish Association
24:
2615:Early Cretaceous first appearances
1071:
796:Bulletins of American Paleontology
477:, and habitats with low dissolved
25:
2631:
1105:
512:
2158:
2157:
1741:
1734:
1727:
962:Miocene Fishes of South Carolina
141:
53:
1092:
1065:
1056:
1043:
1034:
1023:
1012:
1001:
988:
979:
952:
946:Studies on Mexican Paleontology
641:
549:stage of the Eocene, 56-47 Mya.
347:Hamilton 1822 non Lacépède 1803
936:
918:
832:
814:
783:
530:) hunting a prehistoric tarpon
405:The two species of tarpon are
27:Family of fishes (Megalopidae)
13:
1:
926:"Megalops Tarpon Information"
776:
654:One of the unique features of
1053:(Pegasus, 2020) pp. 77, 165.
714:released after being caught.
616:
7:
10:
2636:
591:Reproduction and lifecycle
365:Jordan & Evermann 1896
357:Commerson ex Lacépède 1803
29:
2385:
2186:
2153:
2126:
2068:
2034:
2025:
1897:
1759:
1750:
1725:
1633:
1573:
1522:
1374:
1365:
1361:
1342:
1310:
1292:
1283:
1265:
1256:
1238:
1225:
1179:
1112:Bonefish and Tarpon Trust
318:
311:
251:
246:
138:Scientific classification
136:
129:
120:
41:
611:integumentary absorption
578:Physical characteristics
790:Sepkoski, Jack (2002).
769:, and Piñas Bay in the
604:
32:Tarpon (disambiguation)
1078:saltwatersportsman.com
704:
651:
621:The main predators of
531:
377:are fish of the genus
2556:Paleobiology Database
2357:Paleobiology Database
1080:. Saltwater Sportsman
1074:"Urban Tarpon on Fly"
840:"Part 7- Vertebrates"
761:and its tributaries,
702:
649:
520:
489:content due to their
437:and the coast of the
1134:15 June 2012 at the
741:and as far north as
473:, waters of varying
401:Species and habitats
30:For other uses, see
1122:12 May 2019 at the
996:Megalops atlanticus
419:Indo-Pacific tarpon
385:) is native to the
759:Gulf of San Miguel
705:
652:
532:
2597:
2596:
2543:Open Tree of Life
2344:Open Tree of Life
2180:Taxon identifiers
2171:
2170:
2149:
2148:
2122:
2121:
2021:
2020:
1723:
1722:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
850:on 5 October 2016
433:, throughout the
389:, and the other (
372:
371:
366:
358:
348:
338:
337:de Castelnau 1878
328:
305:
296:
287:
278:
264:
242:
223:
16:(Redirected from
2627:
2590:
2589:
2577:
2576:
2564:
2563:
2551:
2550:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2524:
2512:
2511:
2499:
2498:
2486:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2446:
2434:
2433:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2378:
2377:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2339:
2338:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2312:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2274:
2273:
2261:
2260:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2234:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2175:
2174:
2161:
2160:
2110:
2086:
2059:Polyacanthonotus
2032:
2031:
2027:Notacanthiformes
2002:
1992:
1982:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1711:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1621:
1611:
1601:
1584:
1525:
1510:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
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1440:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1290:
1289:
1263:
1262:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1181:
1180:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
983:
977:
976:
956:
950:
949:
940:
934:
933:
922:
916:
913:
904:
901:
886:
883:
874:
871:
860:
859:
857:
855:
846:. Archived from
836:
830:
829:
818:
812:
811:
809:
807:
787:
767:Gulf of Chiriquí
687:
686:
685:
488:
487:
486:
364:
356:
346:
336:
326:
303:
294:
285:
272:
259:
237:
218:
146:
145:
125:
115:
52:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
21:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2572:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2494:
2489:
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2476:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2429:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2381:
2373:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2182:
2172:
2167:
2145:
2118:
2089:Echidnocephalus
2064:
2017:
1893:
1838:Marathonichthys
1746:
1733:
1719:
1629:
1569:
1564:Pseudoegertonia
1518:
1473:Flindersichthys
1349:
1326:
1306:
1279:
1252:
1221:
1186:
1185:
1175:
1169:
1136:Wayback Machine
1124:Wayback Machine
1117:Save the Tarpon
1108:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1002:
993:
989:
984:
980:
973:
957:
953:
941:
937:
924:
923:
919:
914:
907:
902:
889:
884:
877:
872:
863:
853:
851:
838:
837:
833:
820:
819:
815:
805:
803:
788:
784:
779:
749:, and south to
726:
697:
684:
681:
680:
679:
677:
650:Tarpon swimming
644:
619:
607:
593:
585:adipose eyelids
580:
515:
485:
482:
481:
480:
478:
411:Atlantic tarpon
403:
295:(Woodward 1901)
286:(Woodward 1901)
236:
217:
140:
131:Atlantic tarpon
116:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
47:
46:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2633:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2578:
2565:
2552:
2539:
2526:
2513:
2500:
2487:
2474:
2461:
2448:
2435:
2422:
2407:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2366:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2236:
2223:
2208:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2128:Anguilliformes
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2082:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
1998:
1995:Phosphonatator
1988:
1978:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1911:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1888:Stewartichthys
1881:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1831:
1821:
1811:
1801:
1791:
1781:
1771:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1697:
1687:
1677:
1670:
1660:
1650:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1617:
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1431:
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1393:Aulothrissus
1391:
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1213:Infraclass:
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
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848:the original
843:
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804:. Retrieved
799:
795:
785:
763:Coiba Island
755:Bayano River
727:
718:
706:
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663:
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642:Swim bladder
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450:
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239:Valenciennes
232:
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220:D. S. Jordan
214:
191:Superorder:
36:
2620:Elopiformes
2610:Megalopidae
2491:iNaturalist
2431:Megalopidae
2417:Megalopidae
2411:Wikispecies
2387:Megalopidae
2305:iNaturalist
2232:Megalopidae
2212:Wikispecies
2079:Aldrovandia
2052:Notacanthus
1968:Italoalbula
1788:Bullichthys
1694:Promegalops
1635:Megalopidae
1503:Naiathaelon
1453:Eoprotelops
1443:Elopsomolos
1383:Anaethalion
1367:Elopiformes
1346:Elopomorpha
1312:Elopomorpha
1273:Neopterygii
1258:Neopterygii
1209:Neopterygii
743:Nova Scotia
553:M. oblongus
523:Selmasaurus
499:tidal pools
292:M. oblongus
215:Megalopidae
205:Elopiformes
195:Elopomorpha
2604:Categories
2103:Halosaurus
2005:Pteralbula
1878:Protalbula
1858:Palealbula
1848:Osmeroides
1818:Holcolepis
1778:Brannerion
1684:Paratarpon
1624:Protoelops
1604:Kipalelops
1493:Leptoelops
1423:Echinelops
1413:Davichthys
1321:see below↓
1207:Subclass:
1172:Elopomorph
1084:8 December
930:Fossil Guy
777:References
695:and humans
676:dissolved
567:California
563:M. vigilax
557:M. priscus
543:M. priscus
536:Cretaceous
343:Cyprinodon
301:M. vigilax
283:M. priscus
275:Broussonet
2402:Q15694936
2045:Lipogenys
1975:Nemoossis
1918:Casierius
1899:Albulidae
1868:Paraelops
1704:Protarpon
1667:Elopoides
1657:Brouweria
1614:Lyrolepis
1557:Phyllodus
1550:Paralbula
1536:Egertonia
1513:Protelops
1300:Teleostei
1285:Teleostei
1215:Teleostei
1189:Kingdom:
806:8 January
751:Argentina
633:or other
617:Predation
467:Australia
435:Caribbean
393:) to the
333:Brisbania
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
2396:Wikidata
2284:46561199
2245:Megalops
2218:Megalops
2203:Q1759766
2197:Wikidata
2188:Megalops
2163:Category
2113:Laytonia
1674:Megalops
1575:Elopidae
1463:Epaelops
1197:Chordata
1195:Phylum:
1191:Animalia
1132:Archived
1120:Archived
693:Megalops
673:obligate
664:Megalops
656:Megalops
627:Megalops
623:Megalops
547:Ypresian
528:mosasaur
427:Virginia
397:Oceans.
387:Atlantic
379:Megalops
313:Synonyms
247:Species
233:Megalops
211:Family:
175:Chordata
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
51:–present
2297:2346650
1958:Istieus
1948:Hajulia
1201:Class:
854:30 June
765:in the
747:Bermuda
733:to the
731:Senegal
658:is the
635:raptors
631:ospreys
571:Miocene
443:Senegal
413:) and
353:Oculeus
277:, 1782)
228:Genus:
201:Order:
181:Class:
18:Tarpons
2587:125467
2561:180557
2548:854186
2522:161114
2509:114896
2375:125726
2349:854185
2323:161115
1908:Albula
1798:Euroka
1174:genera
969:
757:, the
668:snooks
507:rivers
505:, and
503:creeks
465:, and
463:Tahiti
431:Brazil
375:Tarpon
362:Tarpon
263:, 1847
241:, 1847
222:, 1923
49:Albian
42:Tarpon
2582:WoRMS
2569:Plazi
2504:IRMNG
2496:51414
2370:WoRMS
2362:35338
2310:51415
2271:62ZB6
1594:Elops
802:: 560
735:Congo
459:Japan
2535:7930
2530:NCBI
2517:ITIS
2483:7661
2478:GBIF
2470:5511
2444:1304
2439:BOLD
2336:7931
2331:NCBI
2318:ITIS
2292:GBIF
2258:4059
2253:BOLD
2139:Eels
2137:see
1298:see
1271:see
1244:see
1086:2020
967:ISBN
856:2016
826:PBDB
808:2008
605:Diet
323:Amia
56:PreꞒ
2465:EoL
2457:CH6
2452:CoL
2426:AFD
2279:EoL
2266:CoL
2240:AFD
2227:ADW
800:364
526:(a
445:to
429:to
421:).
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2584::
2571::
2558::
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2294::
2281::
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2255::
2242::
2229::
2214::
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1076:.
928:.
908:^
890:^
878:^
864:^
842:.
824:.
798:.
794:.
745:,
501:,
497:,
475:pH
461:,
457:,
449:.
106:Pg
2109:†
2085:†
2001:†
1991:†
1981:†
1964:†
1954:†
1944:†
1934:†
1924:†
1914:†
1884:†
1874:†
1864:†
1854:†
1844:†
1834:†
1824:†
1814:†
1804:†
1794:†
1784:†
1774:†
1764:†
1710:†
1700:†
1690:†
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1663:†
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1643:†
1620:†
1610:†
1600:†
1583:†
1524:†
1509:†
1499:†
1489:†
1479:†
1469:†
1459:†
1449:†
1439:†
1429:†
1419:†
1409:†
1399:†
1389:†
1379:†
1164:e
1157:t
1150:v
1088:.
975:.
932:.
858:.
828:.
810:.
683:2
678:O
573:.
559:.
484:2
479:O
417:(
409:(
299:†
290:†
281:†
273:(
111:N
101:K
96:J
91:T
86:P
81:C
76:D
71:S
66:O
61:Ꞓ
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
