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their time apportioned to normal activities during non-mating versus mating season. During the non-mating season, a significant amount of their waking hours were spent scanning which proceeded to resting, foraging, and traveling. Feeding, scent-marking, self-grooming, social activities, and other activities were minimal. Scanning was still a common activity among the paired sexes during mating season. However, resting remarkedly decreased while increases in travel and foraging were evident. These findings are being considered for the continuance of housing T.syrichta with successes with captivity due to anthropogenic threats.
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135:
1166:, is having some success restoring tarsier populations. The Philippines Tarsier Foundation (PTFI) has developed a large, semi-wild enclosure known as the Tarsier Research and Development Center. Carlito Pizarras, also known as the "Tarsier man", founded this sanctuary where visitors can observe tarsiers in the wild. As of 2011, the sanctuary was maintained by him and his brother. The trees in the sanctuary are populated with nocturnal insects that make up the tarsier's diet.
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children of Tupi about the importance of the animal. ESI is hoping to build a visitor centre on the slopes of Mount
Matutum and help the local indigenous peoples to farm more environmentally and look after the tarsiers. The first stage in this is educating the local peoples on the importance of keeping the animal safe and secure. A number of native tarsier-friendly trees have been replanted on land which had been cleared previously for fruit tree and coconut
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961:(including the feet), and they also have a slender tail from 20 to 25 cm long. Their fingers are also elongated, with the third finger being about the same length as the upper arm. Most of the digits have nails, but the second and third toes of the hind feet bear claws instead, which are used for grooming. Tarsiers have soft, velvety fur, which is generally buff, beige, or ochre in color.
7058:
559:(GULO) gene, which prevents their bodies from synthesizing vitamin C so they must find it in the diet. Since the strepsirrhines do not have this mutation and have retained the ability to make vitamin C, the genetic trait that confers the need for it in the diet would tend to place tarsiers with haplorhines.
1724:
Brown, Rafe M.; Weghorst, Jennifer A.; Olson, Karen V.; Duya, Mariano R. M.; Barley, Anthony J.; Duya, Melizar V.; Shekelle, Myron; Neri-Arboleda, Irene; Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Dominy, Nathaniel J.; Ong, Perry S.; Moritz, Gillian L.; Luczon, Adrian; Diesmos, Mae Lowe L.; Diesmos, Arvin C. (2014-08-19).
955:
Tarsiers are small animals with enormous eyes; each eyeball is approximately 16 millimetres (0.63 in) in diameter and is as large as, or in some cases larger than, its entire brain. The unique cranial anatomy of the tarsier results from the need to balance their large eyes and heavy head so they
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is the act of harassing predators to reduce the chance of being attacked. When predators are near, tarsiers will make a warning vocalization. Other tarsiers will respond to the call, and within a short period of time, 2-10 tarsiers will show up to mob the predator. The majority of the group consists
1059:
Due to their small size, tarsiers are prey to various other animals. Tarsiers primarily inhabit the lower vegetation layers as they face threats from both terrestrial predators such as cats, lizards, and snakes, and aerial predators such as owls and birds. By residing in these lower layers, they can
1208:
A new scheme to conserve the tarsiers of Mount
Matutum near Tupi in South Cotabato on the island of Mindanao is being organised by the Tupi civil government and the charity Endangered Species International (ESI). Tarsier UK are also involved on the margins helping the Tupi Government to educate the
1150:
takes about six months, and tarsiers give birth to single offspring. Young tarsiers are born furred, and with open eyes, and are able to climb within a day of birth. They reach sexual maturity by the end of their second year. Sociality and mating system varies, with tarsiers from
Sulawesi living in
1173:
The first quantitative study on the activity patterns of captive
Philippine Tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) has been studied at the Subayon Conservation Centre for the Philippine Tarsier in Bilar, Bohol, Philippines. From December 2014 to January 2016, Female and male T. syrichta were observed based on
960:
bones of the feet, from which the animals get their name. The combination of their elongated tarsi and fused tibiofibulae makes them morphologically specialized for vertical clinging and leaping. The head and body range from 10 to 15 cm in length, but the hind limbs are about twice this long
2339:
Niemitz, C. (1979). Relationships among anatomy, ecology, and behavior: A model developed in the genus
Tarsius, with thoughts about phylogenetic mechanisms and adaptive interactions. In S. 1190 N. Grow, S. Gursky-DoyenMorbeck, H. Preuschoft, & N. Gomberg (Eds.), Environment, behavior, and
1047:
Ecological variation is responsible for differences in morphology and behavior in tarsiers because different species become adapted to local conditions based on the level of altitude. For example, the colder climate at higher elevations can influence cranial morphology.
1332:
Simeon, S.G.F.; Duya, M.R.M; Duya, M.V.; Galindon, J.M.M.; Pasion, B.O.; Ong, P.S. (2020). "Living in small spaces: Forest fragment characterization and its use by
Philippine tarsiers (Tarsius syrichta Linnaeus, 1758) in Mindanao Island, Philippines".
1169:
The conservation status of all tarsiers is vulnerable to extinction. Tarsiers are a conservation dependent species meaning that they need to have more and improved management of protected habitats or they will definitely become extinct in the future.
998:
that receives visual information. The sequence of cellular layers receiving information from the ipsilateral (same side of the head) and contralateral (opposite side of the head) eyes in the lateral geniculate nucleus distinguishes tarsiers from
1068:
of adult males, but there will occasionally be a female or two. While tarsier groups only contain one adult male, males from other territories will join in the mob event, meaning there are multiple alpha male tarsiers attacking the predator.
1043:
in their habits, but like many nocturnal organisms, some individuals may show more or less activity during the daytime. Based on the anatomy of all tarsiers, they are all adapted for leaping even though they all vary based on their species.
1011:, which are all similar in this respect. Some neuroscientists suggested that "this apparent difference distinguishes tarsiers from all other primates, reinforcing the view that they arose in an early, independent line of primate evolution."
1035:
differ from other species in terms of their morphology, communication, and behavior. The differences in morphology that distinguish pygmy tarsiers from other species are likely based on their high altitude environment.
409:
primates have been found in Asia, Europe, and North
America (with disputed fossils from Northern Africa), but extant tarsiers are restricted to several Southeast Asian islands. The fossil record indicates that their
2349:
Niemitz, C. (1984). An investigation and review of the territorial behaviour and social organization of the genus
Tarsius. In C. Niemitz (Ed.), Biology of tarsiers (pp. 117–128). New York: Gustav Fischer
3087:
Wojciechowski, Filip J.; Kaszycka, K.A.; Wielbass, A.M.; Řeháková, M. (2019). "Activity
Patterns of Captive Philippine Tarsiers (Tarsius Syrichta): Differences Related to Sex and Social Context".
1051:
Tarsiers tend to be extremely shy animals and are sensitive to bright lights, loud noises, and physical contact. They have been reported to behave suicidally when stressed or kept in captivity.
956:
are able to wait silently for nutritious prey. Tarsiers have a strong auditory sense, and their auditory cortex is distinct. Tarsiers also have long hind limbs, owing mostly to the elongated
555:
data, remain ambiguous. Thus, some systematists argue the debate is conclusively settled in favor of a monophyletic
Haplorrhini. In common with simians, tarsiers have a mutation in the
719:, which the authors termed the 'Dinagat-Caraga tarsier'. More detailed studies that integrate morphological data will be needed to review the taxonomy of tarsiers in the Philippines.
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position of extant tarsiers within the order Primates has been debated for much of the 20th century, and tarsiers have alternately been classified with
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1727:"Conservation Genetics of the Philippine Tarsier: Cryptic Genetic Variation Restructures Conservation Priorities for an Island Archipelago Primate"
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1087:, catching invertebrates by jumping at them. The tarsiers also opportunistically prey on a variety of arboreal and small forest animals, including
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often being of limited use compared to vocalizations. Further confusion existed over the validity of certain names. Among others, the widely used
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Tarsiers morphology allows for them to move their heads 180 degrees in either direction, allowing for them to see 360 degrees around them. Their
2788:
2267:
Musser, G. G.; Dagosto, M. (1987). "The identity of Tarsius pumilus, a pygmy species endemic to the montane mossy forests of Central Sulawesi".
1575:
Zijlstra, Jelle S.; Flynn, Lawrence J.; Wessels, Wilma (2013). "The westernmost tarsier: A new genus and species from the Miocene of Pakistan".
6112:
5840:
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4451:
4227:
4079:
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4051:
3952:
419:
2579:"Vertical Clinging and Leaping Revisited: Locomotion and Habitat Use in the Western Tarsier, Tarsius bancanus Explored Via Loglinear Modeling"
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3987:
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Grow, Nanda; Gursky-Doyen, Sharon (2010). "Preliminary Data On The Behavior, Ecology, And Morphology Of Pygmy Tarsiers ( Tarsius Pumilus)".
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are capable of hearing frequencies as high as 91 kHz. They are also capable of vocalizations with a dominant frequency of 70 kHz.
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5124:
5016:
4909:
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4206:
4185:
4171:
4114:
4107:
4016:
2394:
Rae, T. C.; Hill, R. I.; Hamada, Y.; Koppe, T. (2003). "Clinal variation of maxillary sinus volume in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)".
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The tarsier's brain is different from that of other primates in terms of the arrangement of the connections between the two eyes and the
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4213:
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has a longer fossil record than any other primate genus, but the assignment of the Eocene and Miocene fossils to the genus is dubious.
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Tarsiers have never formed successful breeding colonies in captivity. This may be due in part to their special feeding requirements.
7194:
4722:
4290:
4241:
1431:"A new Middle Miocene tarsier from Thailand and the reconstruction of its orbital morphology using a geometric–morphometric method"
2156:
Ramsier, Marissa A.; Cunningham A.J.; Moritz G.L.; Finneran J.J.; Williams C.V.; Ong P.S.; Gursky-Doyen S.L.; Dominy N.J. (2012).
7233:
3548:
2070:
Rosa, M. G.; Pettigrew J. D.; Cooper H. M. (1996). "Unusual pattern of retinogeniculate projections in the controversial primate
3056:
Jachowski, David S.; Pizzaras, Carlito (2005). "Introducing an innovative semi-captive environment for the Philippine tarsier (
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may represent two lineages – one occupies the majority of Mindanao while the other is in northeastern Mindanao and the nearby
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2002:
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Fitch-Snyder, H. (2003). "History of Captive Conservation of Tarsiers". In Wright, P.C.; Simons, E.L.; Gursky, S. (eds.).
2953:
Severn, K.; Dahang, D.; Shekelle, M. (2008). Shekelle, M.; Maryano, T.; Groves, C.; Schulze, H.; Fitch-Snyder, H. (eds.).
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Severn, K.; Dahang, D.; Shekelle, M. (2008). Shekelle, M.; Maryano, T.; Groves, C.; Schulze, H.; Fitch-Snyder, H. (eds.).
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minimize their chances of being preyed upon by staying off the ground and yet still low enough to avoid birds of prey.
381:
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1668:
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Dagosto, M.; Gebo, D. L.; Dolino, C. (2001). "Positional behavior and social organization of the Philippine tarsier (
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1414:
1253:
323:
675:, revealing previously unrecognised genetic diversity. Three subspecies are recognised in the established taxonomy:
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2973:
7264:
2859:
2040:
1610:
Simons, E.L. (2003). "The Fossil Record of Tarsier Evolution". In Wright, P.C.; Simons, E.L.; Gursky, S. (eds.).
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244:
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Shekelle, M.; Nietsch, A. (2008). Shekelle, M.; Maryano, T.; Groves, C.; Schulze, H.; Fitch-Snyder, H. (eds.).
2577:
Crompton, Robin Huw; Blanchard, Mary L.; Coward, Sam; Alexander, R. McNeill; Thorpe, Susannah K. (2010-12-01).
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Syahrullah, Fakhri Naufal; Maddus, Un; Mustari, Abdul Haris; Gursky, Sharon; Indrawan, Mochamad (2023-07-15).
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Shekelle, Myron; Gursky (2010). "Why tarsiers? Why now? An introduction to the special edition on tarsiers".
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Gunnell, G.; Rose, K. (2002). "Tarsiiformes: Evolutionary History and Adaptation". In Hartwig, W.C. (ed.).
881:
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7155:
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3219:
2681:"Distribution and abundance of Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis) in Banggai Island group, Indonesia"
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991:
2022:
Gron KJ. 2010 December 1. Primate Factsheets: Tarsier (Tarsius) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology .
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that climb into the lower sections of trees. However, it has been found that their favorite prey are
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insertions, a type of macromutation to the DNA, is argued to offer very persuasive evidence for the
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2503:Řeháková-Petrů, M.; Peške, L. (2012). "Predation on a wild Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta)".
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small family groups, while Philippine and western tarsiers are reported to sleep and forage alone.
589:-western group) or three separate genera (Sulawesi, Philippine and western groups). Species level
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1139:. Tarsiers are, rarely, also known to prey on baby birds, small tree snakes and even baby bats.
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At a lower phylogenetic level, the tarsiers have, until recently, all been placed in the genus
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Niemitz, C (1977). "Zur funktionsmorphologie und biometrie der gattung Tarsius, Storr, 1780".
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1933:
1805:"Two New Tarsier Species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the Biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia"
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The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology
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Tarsiers, though known as being shy and reclusive, are known to mob predators. In nature,
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In 2014, scientists published the results of a genetic study from across the range of the
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2789:"Habitat Use, Foraging Behavior, and Activity Patterns in Reproducing Western Tarsiers,
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Collins, C. E.; Hendrickson, A.; Kaas, J. H. (2005). "Overview of the visual system of
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government protects tarsiers by listing them in the Totally Protected Animals of
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703:. Their analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggested that ssp.
349:. Although the group was, prehistorically, more globally widespread, all of the
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1637:"Vitamin C biosynthesis in prosimians: Evidence for the anthropoid affinity of
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648:, eye size, limb and hand length, tail tufts, tail sitting pads, the number of
602:
502:
2744:
Izard, Kay M.; Wright, Simons (1985). "Gestation length in Tarsius bancanus".
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Tarsier Longevity: Data from a Recapture in the Wild and from Captive Animals
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1946:
1922:"Tarsier-like locomotor specializations in the Oligocene primate Afrotarsius"
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1248:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 127–128.
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3202: (archived October 15, 2004), Singapore Zoological Gardens Docents, 2000
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They are found primarily in forested habitats, especially forests that have
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3448:
3208:"Primate Factsheets: Tarsier (Tarsius) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology"
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Unlike many nocturnal vertebrates, tarsiers lack a light-reflecting layer (
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346:
206:
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So far, four fossil species of tarsiers are known from the fossil record:
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morphology: Dynamic interactions (pp. 119–138). New York: Gustav Fischer.
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37:
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Eastern Tarsiers in Captivity, Part II: A Preliminary Assessment of Diet
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Groves, C.; Shekelle, M. (2010). "The Genera and Species of Tarsiidae".
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3313:
3135:
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1689:
Brandon-Jones, D.; et al. (2004). "Asian primate classification".
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332:
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82:
47:
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2407:
2087:
947:
581:, while it was debated whether the species should be placed in two (a
414:
has not changed much, except in size, over the past 45 million years.
392:, since the vine gives tarsiers vertical support when climbing trees.
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Tarsiers – Visiting the two Tarsier sanctuaries in Bohol, Philippines
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1182:
1147:
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548:
411:
362:
146:
87:
31:
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3210:. National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison.
2624:
Crompton, Robin Huw; Savage, Russell; Spears, Iain R. (1998-02-14).
656:, vocalizations, and distribution. The senior taxon of the species,
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366:
166:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
2359:
Körner, C (2007). "The use of 'altitude' in ecological research".
1162:
A sanctuary near the town of Corella, on the Philippine island of
664:
island, which then required the resurrection of the defunct taxon
6977:
6870:
6597:
6237:
6166:
5418:
5411:
5273:
5168:
4950:
4831:
4777:
4597:
4458:
3848:
3653:
3588:
3438:
3353:
3257:
2108:
1794:
1245:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1202:
1132:
1128:
1112:
1100:
1021:
1004:
821:
535:
primates in the suborder Prosimii, or as the sister group to the
486:
350:
345:, which is, itself, the lone extant family within the infraorder
335:
277:
238:
186:
92:
67:
2576:
1554:(6th ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 94–97.
1429:
Chiamanee, Y., Lebrun, R., Yamee, C., and Jaeger, J.-J. (2010).
562:
6547:
6371:
6180:
6081:
5802:
4999:
4715:
4545:
4532:
4484:
3842:
3830:
3570:
3498:
3421:
3326:
3282:
3270:
2899:
Eastern Tarsiers in Captivity, Part I: Enclosure and Enrichment
2069:
1205:, the Malaysian state in Borneo where they are commonly found.
1008:
536:
438:
358:
176:
156:
99:
1828:
The Laboratory Manual and Workbook for Biological Anthropology
433:
is not certain, and it is sometimes listed in its own family,
312:
7186:
3874:
3787:
3336:
2678:
1163:
1000:
692:
684:
680:
458:
389:
253:
109:
303:
6957:
5990:
1634:
1104:
309:
3055:
1880:
1878:
1876:
417:
Within the family Tarsiidae, there are two extinct genera—
7057:
6340:
6327:
6277:
3182:
1850:
1825:
1920:
Rasmussen, D. T.; Conroy, G. C.; Simons, E. L. (1998).
1873:
1435:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1197:
and the IUCN/SCC Primate Specialist Group in 2008. The
437:, within the infraorder Tarsiiformes, or considered an
3556:
1723:
1331:
1275:
1273:
551:
of Haplorhini, where other lines of evidence, such as
7046:
2626:"The Mechanics of Food Reduction in Tarsius bancanus"
2204:
1919:
324:
315:
306:
6995:
6984:
6973:
6963:
6945:
6935:
6924:
6876:
6858:
6790:
6760:
6743:
6733:
6723:
6713:
6703:
6693:
6670:
6660:
6650:
6640:
6603:
6579:
6555:
6473:
6458:
6448:
6438:
6428:
6418:
6408:
6397:
6387:
6377:
6367:
6357:
6243:
6226:
6216:
6206:
6196:
6186:
6148:
6138:
6108:
6013:
5996:
5958:
5948:
5931:
5921:
5911:
5901:
5891:
5874:
5813:
5798:
5638:
5609:
5579:
5542:
5527:
5517:
5407:
5328:
5318:
5308:
5298:
5281:
5258:
5248:
5238:
5228:
5211:
5194:
5184:
5174:
5130:
5120:
5110:
5086:
5076:
5066:
5056:
5046:
5022:
5012:
4988:
4965:
4935:
4925:
4915:
4905:
4895:
4885:
4754:
4688:
4651:
4620:
4604:
4593:
4583:
4573:
4562:
4464:
4447:
4437:
4397:
4386:
4376:
3876:
3192:, an international research and conservation project
2952:
2895:
2780:
2623:
2024:
http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/tarsier
1574:
300:
3134:. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. Archived from
2743:
2502:
1314:The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Tarsier.”
1270:
297:
2737:
2393:
2035:
1986:
1852:
1547:
1407:Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.
628:into three genera, the Philippine tarsiers (genus
3222:– Skeleton from the University of Texas at Austin
2281:
1826:Soluri, K. Elizabeth; Sabrina C. Agarwal (2016).
1409:Columbia University Press, New York, 337–340 pp.
624:and Myron Shekelle suggested splitting the genus
7315:
3003:
2946:
2889:
2832:
2231:
2198:
1981:
1020:Unlike most primates, male tarsiers do not have
2838:
1318:, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 14 Apr. 2019,
3014:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 227–295.
2158:"Primate communication in the pure ultrasound"
1884:
1851:Shumaker, Robert W.; Benjamin B. Beck (2003).
1424:
1422:
1279:
3803:
3542:
3344:
3241:
3049:
2266:
1688:
1491:
711:may represent a single lineage, whereas ssp.
3009:
1477:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3255:
2786:
2471:"Tourism threatens tiny Philippine primate"
2149:
2102:
1790:
1788:
1635:Pollock, J. I. & Mullin, R. J. (1986).
1419:
1399:
1380:
4543:
3810:
3796:
3549:
3535:
3248:
3234:
1492:Rossie, J.B.; Ni, X.; Beard, K.C. (2006).
1376:
1374:
1372:
108:
6338:
6276:
5498:
5436:
3150:
3129:
2720:
2181:
1955:
1945:
1768:
1750:
1645:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1522:
1512:
1485:
1454:
942:
2540:""Predator Mobbing in Tarsius Spectrum""
2468:
2063:
2049:. Rutgers University Press. p. 65.
1785:
1320:http://www.britannica.com/animal/tarsier
946:
561:
375:
2793:, in Captivity: A Management Synthesis"
2320:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1369:
1191:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
395:
7316:
3158:"Totally Protected Animals of Sarawak"
2537:
2436:
2358:
2323:Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg
2205:Friderun Ankel-Simons (27 July 2010).
1977:
1975:
1609:
1494:"Cranial remains of an Eocene tarsier"
1234:
1230:
1228:
1226:
660:was restricted to the population of a
613:is now considered a junior synonym of
7097:
7096:
6325:
5485:
4530:
3861:
3791:
3530:
3229:
2211:. Academic Press. pp. 442, 521.
1682:
1545:
3205:
2583:International Journal of Primatology
2544:International Journal of Primatology
2234:International Journal of Primatology
2011:
1993:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
1887:International Journal of Primatology
1691:International Journal of Primatology
1539:
1405:McKenna, M.C., and Bell, S.K. 1997.
1282:International Journal of Primatology
644:). This was based on differences in
3012:Tarsiers: Past, Present, and Future
2046:Tarsiers: Past, Present, and Future
1972:
1612:Tarsiers: past, present, and future
1223:
640:), and the eastern tarsiers (genus
13:
2439:"The Philippines: The Tarsier Man"
1703:10.1023/B:IJOP.0000014647.18720.32
994:, which is the main region of the
14:
7345:
7334:Extant Lutetian first appearances
3176:
539:(Anthropoidea) in the infraorder
516:
7080:
7068:
7056:
7030:
6308:
5468:
4512:
3160:. Forestry Department of Sarawak
2538:Gursky, Sharon (February 2005).
2208:Primate Anatomy: An Introduction
573:), one of the smallest primates.
400:
293:
133:
35:
4531:
3123:
3080:
3028:
2962:. LIPI Press. pp. 97–103.
2672:
2617:
2570:
2531:
2496:
2462:
2430:
2396:American Journal of Primatology
2387:
2361:Trends in Ecology and Evolution
2352:
2343:
2333:
2314:
2275:
2260:
2225:
2029:
1913:
1844:
1819:
1717:
1628:
1603:
1568:
1154:
1142:
1076:Tarsiers are the only entirely
634:), the western tarsiers (genus
357:, predominantly being found in
353:living today are restricted to
6326:
5486:
3862:
3817:
3130:Shekelle, Myron; Salim, Agus.
2905:. LIPI Press. pp. 91–96.
2848:. LIPI Press. pp. 85–89.
2787:Roberts, M.; Kohn, F. (1993).
1385:. Cambridge University Press.
1325:
1308:
1103:and, occasionally, amphibious
16:Family of 'dry nosed' primates
1:
2076:Brain, Behavior and Evolution
1985:(1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.).
1550:Walker's Mammals of the World
1216:
2469:Sinclair, Joe (2011-12-12).
2026:. Accessed 2019 November 12.
1752:10.1371/journal.pone.0104340
1614:. Rutgers University Press.
1589:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.06.015
1054:
429:; however, the placement of
7:
3699:Gursky's spectral tarsier (
3206:Gron, Kurt J. (July 2008).
2437:Jarosz, Andy (2019-05-20).
1989:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
1027:
983:) of the retina and have a
466:Hesperotarsius thailandicus
10:
7350:
2705:10.1038/s41598-023-30049-5
2373:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006
1577:Journal of Human Evolution
1347:10.1007/s10329-020-00798-2
1195:Conservation International
992:lateral geniculate nucleus
520:
382:Philippine National Museum
7324:Mammals of Southeast Asia
7105:
7027:
6915:
6900:
6891:
6849:
6789:
6778:
6684:
6636:
6632:
6621:
6546:
6472:
6353:
6349:
6334:
6321:
6306:
6272:
6122:
6057:
6048:
5865:
5812:
5794:
5783:
5706:
5679:
5652:
5620:
5608:
5578:
5541:
5513:
5509:
5494:
5481:
5466:
5432:
5356:
5272:
5144:
4979:
4949:
4881:
4870:
4814:
4787:
4765:
4753:
4687:
4650:
4619:
4558:
4554:
4539:
4526:
4509:
4483:
4414:
4372:
4363:
4359:
4321:
4131:
4004:
3928:
3890:
3870:
3857:
3825:
3774:
3651:
3627:
3603:
3565:
3557:Extant species of family
3489:
3476:
3467:
3429:
3420:
3407:
3398:
3362:
3335:
3312:
3303:
3265:
2595:10.1007/s10764-010-9420-8
2556:10.1007/s10764-005-0731-0
2517:10.1007/s10211-011-0096-7
2269:American Museum Novitates
2246:10.1007/s10764-010-9456-9
2043:; Gursky, Sharon (2003).
1899:10.1007/s10764-010-9459-6
1383:The Primate Fossil Record
1294:10.1007/s10764-010-9443-1
882:Gursky's spectral tarsier
677:Carlito syrichta syrichta
482:Hesperotarsius sindhensis
259:
252:
236:
229:
130:Scientific classification
128:
116:
107:
23:
1947:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14848
1242:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1083:primates, albeit mainly
1039:All tarsier species are
723:Infraorder Tarsiiformes
1657:10.1002/ajpa.1330730106
1514:10.1073/pnas.0509424103
1316:Encyclopædia Britannica
1071:
697:C. syrichta carbonarius
689:C. syrichta fraterculus
601:has been shown to be a
557:L-gulonolactone oxidase
355:Maritime Southeast Asia
2812:10.1002/zoo.1430120207
2758:10.1002/ajp.1350090408
2566:– via EBSCOhost.
2174:10.1098/rsbl.2011.1149
1801:Mittermeier, Russell A
1447:10.1098/rspb.2010.2062
952:
951:Tarsiers tree-climbing
943:Anatomy and physiology
790:Cephalopachus bancanus
574:
385:
7286:Paleobiology Database
3735:Siau Island tarsier (
3639:Horsfield's tarsier (
3132:"Siau Island Tarsier"
1859:. Smithsonian Books.
1189:and was listed among
1187:Critically Endangered
950:
759:(to be combined into
565:
505:in northern Thailand.
380:Tarsier image inside
379:
3615:Philippine tarsier (
3196:Tarsiers (Tarsiidae)
1855:Primates in Question
1809:Primate Conservation
1546:Nowak, R.M. (1999).
652:, chromosome count,
523:List of tarsiiformes
498:Tarsius sirindhornae
396:Evolutionary history
6191:Paradolichopithecus
3762:Niemitz's tarsier (
3744:Wallace's tarsier (
3701:T. spectrumgurskyae
3138:on 6 September 2010
3089:Folia Primatologica
2697:2023NatSR..1311445S
2630:Folia Primatologica
2444:National Geographic
2041:Wright, Patricia C.
1938:1998PNAS...9514848T
1932:(25): 14848–14850.
1743:2014PLoSO...9j4340B
1441:(1714): 1956–1963.
1179:Siau Island tarsier
1177:The 2008-described
1015:Philippine tarsiers
909:Siau Island tarsier
886:T. spectrumgurskyae
786:Horsfield's tarsier
5817:Victoriapithecidae
5759:Plesiopliopithecus
5697:Platodontopithecus
3753:Makassar tarsier (
3663:Spectral tarsier (
3188:2022-01-16 at the
2685:Scientific Reports
2300:10.1007/bf02629639
2127:10.1002/ar.a.20263
1799:; Maryanto, Ibnu;
953:
743:Philippine tarsier
673:Philippine tarsier
609:, and comparably,
575:
567:Philippine tarsier
453:is known from the
386:
384:of Natural History
118:Philippine tarsier
7311:
7310:
7273:Open Tree of Life
7099:Taxon identifiers
7044:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7025:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7009:
7008:
6774:
6773:
6617:
6616:
6317:
6316:
6304:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6263:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5681:Dionysopithecidae
5583:Propliopithecidae
5477:
5476:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5428:
5427:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4522:
4521:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4479:
4478:
4355:
4354:
3785:
3784:
3717:Sangihe tarsier (
3708:Jatna's tarsier (
3681:Lariang tarsier (
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3101:10.1159/000495612
3074:10.1002/zoo.20023
3021:978-0-8135-3236-3
2969:978-979-799-263-7
2912:978-979-799-263-7
2855:978-979-799-263-7
2642:10.1159/000052698
2408:10.1002/ajp.10072
2218:978-0-08-046911-9
2088:10.1159/000113191
2004:978-0-87196-871-5
1866:978-1-58834-151-8
1837:978-0-393-91291-3
1795:Shekelle, Myron;
1621:978-0-8135-3236-3
1561:978-0-8018-5789-8
1507:(12): 4381–4385.
1392:978-0-521-66315-1
927:Wallace's tarsier
855:Niemitz's tarsier
767:C. s. carbonarius
757:C. s. fraterculus
593:is complex, with
501:lived during the
485:lived during the
469:lived during the
286:
285:
225:
7341:
7304:
7303:
7294:
7293:
7281:
7280:
7268:
7267:
7255:
7254:
7242:
7241:
7229:
7228:
7216:
7215:
7203:
7202:
7190:
7189:
7177:
7176:
7164:
7163:
7151:
7150:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7094:
7093:
7085:
7084:
7083:
7073:
7072:
7061:
7060:
7052:
7035:
7034:
6997:
6986:
6975:
6965:
6947:
6940:Australopithecus
6937:
6926:
6898:
6897:
6878:
6860:
6792:
6787:
6786:
6762:
6745:
6735:
6725:
6715:
6705:
6695:
6672:
6662:
6652:
6642:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6605:
6581:
6557:
6477:Dendropithecidae
6475:
6460:
6450:
6440:
6430:
6420:
6410:
6399:
6389:
6379:
6369:
6359:
6351:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6336:
6335:
6323:
6322:
6312:
6274:
6273:
6245:
6228:
6218:
6208:
6198:
6188:
6150:
6140:
6110:
6055:
6054:
6015:
5998:
5960:
5950:
5933:
5923:
5913:
5903:
5893:
5879:Cercopithecoides
5876:
5849:Victoriapithecus
5815:
5800:
5792:
5791:
5786:Cercopithecoidea
5640:
5618:
5617:
5611:
5581:
5544:
5529:
5519:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5496:
5495:
5483:
5482:
5472:
5434:
5433:
5409:
5330:
5320:
5310:
5300:
5283:
5260:
5250:
5240:
5230:
5213:
5196:
5186:
5176:
5132:
5122:
5112:
5088:
5078:
5068:
5058:
5048:
5024:
5014:
4990:
4967:
4937:
4927:
4917:
4907:
4897:
4887:
4879:
4878:
4789:Proteopithecidae
4763:
4762:
4756:
4690:
4653:
4622:
4606:
4595:
4585:
4575:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4541:
4540:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4516:
4466:
4449:
4439:
4399:
4388:
4378:
4370:
4369:
4361:
4360:
3888:
3887:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3859:
3858:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3690:Peleng tarsier (
3672:Dian's tarsier (
3551:
3544:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3474:
3473:
3427:
3426:
3405:
3404:
3342:
3341:
3310:
3309:
3295:Euarchontoglires
3250:
3243:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3220:Tarsier skeleton
3211:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3058:Tarsius syrichta
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2979:on 28 July 2011.
2978:
2972:. Archived from
2961:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2922:on 24 July 2011.
2921:
2915:. Archived from
2904:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2866:
2865:on 28 July 2011.
2864:
2858:. Archived from
2847:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2814:. Archived from
2797:
2791:Tarsius bancanus
2784:
2778:
2777:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2481:. Archived from
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2447:. Archived from
2434:
2428:
2427:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2284:Tarsius syrichta
2279:
2273:
2272:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2240:(6): 1174–1191.
2229:
2223:
2222:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2185:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2121:(1): 1013–1025.
2106:
2100:
2099:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2037:Simons, Elwyn L.
2033:
2027:
2020:
2009:
2008:
1992:
1983:Niemitz, Carsten
1979:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1882:
1871:
1870:
1858:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1754:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1667:. Archived from
1632:
1626:
1625:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1553:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1498:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1468:
1458:
1426:
1417:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1329:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1288:(6): 1071–1082.
1277:
1268:
1267:
1232:
978:
977:
976:
973:
968:is also unique:
900:Spectral tarsier
838:Makassar tarsier
800:C. b. natunensis
747:Carlito syrichta
727:Family Tarsiidae
571:Carlito syrichta
473:in northwestern
450:Tarsius eocaenus
327:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
220:
138:
137:
122:Carlito syrichta
112:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
7349:
7348:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7307:
7299:
7297:
7289:
7284:
7276:
7271:
7263:
7258:
7250:
7245:
7237:
7232:
7224:
7219:
7211:
7206:
7198:
7193:
7185:
7180:
7172:
7167:
7159:
7154:
7146:
7144:
7135:
7134:
7129:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7101:
7091:
7081:
7079:
7067:
7055:
7047:
7045:
7036:
7029:
7005:
6911:
6887:
6863:Chororapithecus
6845:
6832:Pierolapithecus
6824:Hispanopithecus
6783:
6770:
6708:Gigantopithecus
6680:
6626:
6613:
6608:Yuanmoupithecus
6542:
6537:Turkanapithecus
6468:
6463:Samburupithecus
6433:Nacholapithecus
6343:
6330:
6313:
6292:
6260:
6231:Procynocephalus
6118:
6050:Cercopithecinae
6044:
5896:Dolichopithecus
5861:
5833:Nsungwepithecus
5808:
5788:
5771:
5724:Barberapithecus
5702:
5690:Dionysopithecus
5675:
5663:Epipliopithecus
5648:
5626:Krishnapithecus
5613:Pliopithecoidea
5604:
5599:Propliopithecus
5592:Aegyptopithecus
5574:
5546:Oligopithecidae
5537:
5503:
5490:
5473:
5452:
5424:
5352:
5268:
5140:
5115:Proteropithecia
4975:
4945:
4875:
4858:
4853:Ucayalipithecus
4810:
4783:
4758:Parapithecoidea
4749:
4730:Myanmarpithecus
4692:Amphipithecidae
4683:
4678:Phenacopithecus
4646:
4615:
4548:
4535:
4518:
4511:
4499:
4475:
4410:
4351:
4317:
4127:
4007:Anaptomorphinae
4000:
3924:
3884:
3866:
3853:
3821:
3816:
3786:
3781:
3770:
3726:Pygmy tarsier (
3647:
3623:
3599:
3561:
3555:
3525:
3508:
3485:
3481:Cercopithecidae
3463:
3416:
3386:
3358:
3331:
3299:
3261:
3254:
3200:Wayback Machine
3190:Wayback Machine
3179:
3174:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3139:
3128:
3124:
3085:
3081:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3036:"StephenMBland"
3034:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3008:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2935:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2902:
2894:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2795:
2785:
2781:
2742:
2738:
2677:
2673:
2622:
2618:
2575:
2571:
2536:
2532:
2505:Acta Ethologica
2501:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2435:
2431:
2392:
2388:
2367:(11): 569–574.
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2334:
2319:
2315:
2280:
2276:
2265:
2261:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2203:
2199:
2162:Biology Letters
2154:
2150:
2107:
2103:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2005:
1980:
1973:
1918:
1914:
1883:
1874:
1867:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1830:. W.W. Norton.
1824:
1820:
1797:Groves, Colin P
1793:
1786:
1722:
1718:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1672:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1608:
1604:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1544:
1540:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1470:
1469:
1427:
1420:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1379:
1370:
1330:
1326:
1313:
1309:
1278:
1271:
1256:
1233:
1224:
1219:
1185:is regarded as
1157:
1145:
1074:
1057:
1030:
981:tapetum lucidum
970:
969:
945:
891:Jatna's tarsier
873:Sangihe tarsier
846:Lariang tarsier
525:
519:
403:
398:
325:
296:
292:
248:
242:
219:
132:
103:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7347:
7337:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7295:
7282:
7269:
7256:
7243:
7230:
7217:
7204:
7191:
7178:
7165:
7152:
7142:
7127:
7111:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7090:
7089:
7077:
7065:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
6993:
6989:Sahelanthropus
6982:
6971:
6961:
6954:
6950:Graecopithecus
6943:
6933:
6921:
6919:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6901:
6895:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6885:
6881:Nakalipithecus
6874:
6867:
6855:
6853:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6836:
6828:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6798:
6796:
6784:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6758:
6751:
6741:
6738:Lufengpithecus
6731:
6728:Khoratpithecus
6721:
6711:
6701:
6698:Ankarapithecus
6690:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6675:Ouranopithecus
6668:
6665:Nakalipithecus
6658:
6655:Graecopithecus
6648:
6637:
6627:
6622:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6552:
6550:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6516:Rangwapithecus
6512:
6504:
6501:Nyanzapithecus
6497:
6489:
6486:Dendropithecus
6481:
6479:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6456:
6446:
6436:
6426:
6423:Morotopithecus
6416:
6406:
6402:Kamoyapithecus
6395:
6392:Griphopithecus
6385:
6375:
6365:
6354:
6344:
6339:
6332:
6331:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6282:
6280:
6270:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6251:
6248:Soromandrillus
6241:
6234:
6224:
6214:
6204:
6194:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6146:
6136:
6128:
6126:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6071:
6068:Allenopithecus
6063:
6061:
6059:Cercopithecini
6052:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6039:Trachypithecus
6035:
6028:
6021:
6011:
6004:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5966:
5956:
5946:
5939:
5929:
5919:
5909:
5899:
5889:
5882:
5871:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5856:Zaltanpithecus
5852:
5845:
5837:
5829:
5821:
5819:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5795:
5789:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5712:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5693:
5685:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5666:
5658:
5656:
5654:Pliopithecidae
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5636:
5629:
5621:
5615:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5595:
5587:
5585:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5550:
5548:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5525:
5514:
5504:
5499:
5492:
5491:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5442:
5440:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5405:
5398:
5395:Leontopithecus
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5362:
5360:
5358:Callitrichidae
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5326:
5316:
5306:
5296:
5289:
5278:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5256:
5246:
5236:
5226:
5219:
5209:
5202:
5192:
5182:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5150:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5128:
5118:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5084:
5074:
5064:
5054:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5020:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4963:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4933:
4923:
4913:
4903:
4893:
4882:
4876:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4820:
4818:
4816:Parapithecidae
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4801:
4798:Proteopithecus
4793:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4774:
4766:
4760:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4694:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4659:
4657:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4637:
4629:
4627:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4602:
4591:
4581:
4571:
4559:
4549:
4544:
4537:
4536:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4462:
4455:
4445:
4442:Hesperotarsius
4435:
4428:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4395:
4384:
4373:
4367:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4327:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4200:Gunnelltarsius
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4137:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4066:Pseudotetonius
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4012:
4010:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3934:
3932:
3930:Microchoerinae
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3900:
3891:
3885:
3875:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3815:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3732:
3723:
3719:T. sangirensis
3714:
3705:
3696:
3692:T. pelengensis
3687:
3678:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3444:Callitrichidae
3441:
3435:
3433:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3367:Cheirogaleidae
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3354:Daubentoniidae
3350:
3348:
3346:Chiromyiformes
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3212:
3203:
3193:
3178:
3177:External links
3175:
3172:
3171:
3149:
3122:
3079:
3068:(1): 101–109.
3048:
3027:
3020:
3002:
2968:
2945:
2911:
2888:
2854:
2831:
2806:(2): 217–232.
2779:
2752:(4): 327–331.
2736:
2671:
2616:
2589:(6): 958–979.
2569:
2550:(1): 207–221.
2530:
2511:(2): 217–220.
2495:
2461:
2429:
2402:(4): 153–158.
2386:
2351:
2342:
2332:
2313:
2294:(3): 233–243.
2274:
2259:
2224:
2217:
2197:
2148:
2101:
2082:(3): 121–129.
2062:
2055:
2028:
2010:
2003:
1971:
1912:
1893:(6): 937–940.
1872:
1865:
1843:
1836:
1818:
1784:
1737:(8): e104340.
1716:
1681:
1627:
1620:
1602:
1583:(5): 544–550.
1567:
1560:
1538:
1484:
1418:
1398:
1391:
1368:
1341:(3): 529–542.
1324:
1307:
1269:
1254:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1156:
1153:
1144:
1141:
1137:walking sticks
1093:scarab beetles
1073:
1070:
1056:
1053:
1033:Pygmy tarsiers
1029:
1026:
966:dental formula
944:
941:
940:
939:
938:
937:
936:
935:
934:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
877:T. sangirensis
870:
868:T. pelengensis
864:Peleng tarsier
861:
852:
843:
835:
829:Dian's tarsier
816:
815:
814:
813:
812:
810:C. b. saltator
807:
805:C. b. boreanus
802:
797:
795:C. b. bancanus
773:
772:
771:
770:
769:
764:
761:C. s. syrichta
754:
752:C. s. syrichta
717:Dinagat Island
603:junior synonym
543:. Analysis of
518:
517:Classification
515:
507:
506:
503:Middle Miocene
494:
478:
462:
402:
399:
397:
394:
284:
283:
282:
281:
274:
267:
257:
256:
250:
249:
243:
234:
233:
227:
226:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
126:
125:
114:
113:
105:
104:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7346:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7302:
7296:
7292:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7274:
7270:
7266:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7222:
7218:
7214:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7143:
7138:
7132:
7128:
7123:
7117:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7095:
7088:
7078:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7053:
7050:
7033:
7002:
7001:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6983:
6980:
6979:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6968:Kenyanthropus
6962:
6960:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6918:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6903:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6890:
6883:
6882:
6875:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6803:Anoiapithecus
6800:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6794:Dryopithecini
6788:
6785:
6782:
6777:
6767:
6766:
6759:
6757:
6756:
6752:
6750:
6749:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6639:
6638:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6620:
6610:
6609:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6523:Rukwapithecus
6520:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6493:Micropithecus
6490:
6488:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6457:
6455:
6454:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6443:Otavipithecus
6437:
6435:
6434:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6413:Kenyapithecus
6407:
6404:
6403:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6356:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6324:
6320:
6311:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6257:
6256:
6255:Theropithecus
6252:
6250:
6249:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6221:Procercocebus
6215:
6213:
6212:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6153:Gorgopithecus
6147:
6145:
6144:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6082:Cercopithecus
6079:
6077:
6076:
6075:Allochrocebus
6072:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6025:Semnopithecus
6022:
6020:
6019:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6008:Rhinopithecus
6005:
6003:
6002:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5963:Parapresbytis
5957:
5955:
5954:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5906:Kuseracolobus
5900:
5898:
5897:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5782:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5752:Laccopithecus
5749:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5738:Egarapithecus
5735:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5569:Talahpithecus
5566:
5564:
5563:
5562:Oligopithecus
5559:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5522:Micropithecus
5516:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5484:
5480:
5471:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5243:Protopithecus
5237:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5105:Plecturocebus
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5081:Miocallicebus
5075:
5073:
5072:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4869:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4744:Siamopithecus
4741:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:Bugtipithecus
4705:
4703:
4702:
4701:Amphipithecus
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:Afrotarsiidae
4618:
4611:
4610:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4588:Aseanpithecus
4582:
4580:
4579:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4515:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4432:Cephalopachus
4429:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4404:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:Afrotarsiidae
4385:
4383:
4382:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4323:Tarkadectinae
4320:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4193:Ekwiiyemakius
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4144:Ageitodendron
4141:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4024:Anaptomorphus
4021:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3813:
3808:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3710:T. supriatnai
3706:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3630:Cephalopachus
3626:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:Lepilemuridae
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:Strepsirrhini
3302:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3159:
3153:
3137:
3133:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3095:(2): 109–23.
3094:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3037:
3031:
3023:
3017:
3013:
3006:
2998:
2986:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2958:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2929:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2901:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2872:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2821:on 2012-03-12
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2746:Am J Primatol
2740:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2485:on 2019-09-28
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2451:on 2019-05-21
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2346:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2271:(2867): 1–53.
2270:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2168:(4): 508–11.
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2056:0-8135-3236-1
2052:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:(1): 97–164.
1696:
1692:
1685:
1671:on 2012-06-28
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1631:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1415:0-231-11013-8
1412:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1255:0-801-88221-4
1251:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1240:Wilson, D. E.
1237:
1236:Groves, C. P.
1231:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1211:tree planting
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:insectivorous
1082:
1079:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
988:
986:
982:
967:
962:
959:
949:
932:
928:
925:
923:
919:
918:Pygmy tarsier
916:
914:
910:
907:
905:
901:
898:
896:
895:T. supriatnai
892:
889:
887:
883:
880:
878:
874:
871:
869:
865:
862:
860:
856:
853:
851:
847:
844:
842:
839:
836:
834:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:
823:
817:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
787:
784:
783:
782:
781:
780:
779:Cephalopachus
774:
768:
765:
762:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
748:
744:
741:
740:
739:
738:
737:
731:
730:
728:
725:
724:
722:
721:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:
637:Cephalopachus
633:
632:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
572:
568:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
533:strepsirrhine
530:
524:
514:
512:
504:
500:
499:
495:
492:
488:
484:
483:
479:
476:
472:
471:Early Miocene
468:
467:
463:
460:
456:
455:Middle Eocene
452:
451:
447:
446:
445:
442:
440:
436:
435:Afrotarsiidae
432:
428:
427:
422:
421:
415:
413:
408:
401:Fossil record
393:
391:
383:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
334:
330:
329:
320:
290:
280:
279:
275:
273:
272:
271:Cephalopachus
268:
266:
265:
261:
260:
258:
255:
251:
246:
241:
240:
235:
232:
228:
223:
218:
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212:
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136:
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106:
101:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
33:
22:
19:
7106:
7087:Paleontology
7000:Paranthropus
6998:
6987:
6976:
6966:
6956:
6948:
6938:
6929:Ardipithecus
6927:
6904:
6879:
6869:
6861:
6840:Rudapithecus
6838:
6830:
6822:
6817:Dryopithecus
6815:
6808:
6801:
6765:Sivapithecus
6763:
6753:
6748:Meganthropus
6746:
6736:
6726:
6718:Indopithecus
6716:
6706:
6696:
6673:
6663:
6653:
6643:
6606:
6598:Symphalangus
6596:
6589:
6582:
6572:
6565:
6560:Bunopithecus
6558:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6508:Oreopithecus
6506:
6499:
6491:
6484:
6461:
6451:
6441:
6431:
6421:
6411:
6400:
6390:
6380:
6370:
6362:Afropithecus
6360:
6253:
6246:
6236:
6229:
6219:
6209:
6199:
6189:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6143:Dinopithecus
6141:
6131:
6113:Nanopithecus
6111:
6101:
6096:Erythrocebus
6094:
6087:
6080:
6073:
6066:
6037:
6030:
6023:
6016:
6006:
6001:Rhinocolobus
5999:
5989:
5982:
5975:
5970:Piliocolobus
5968:
5961:
5951:
5941:
5936:Microcolobus
5934:
5926:Mesopithecus
5924:
5916:Libypithecus
5914:
5904:
5894:
5884:
5877:
5854:
5847:
5841:Prohylobates
5839:
5831:
5826:Noropithecus
5824:
5801:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:Crouzeliidae
5695:
5688:
5670:Pliopithecus
5668:
5661:
5641:
5631:
5624:
5597:
5590:
5567:
5560:
5555:Catopithecus
5553:
5530:
5520:
5417:
5410:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5321:
5311:
5303:Dolichocebus
5301:
5291:
5284:
5261:
5251:
5241:
5231:
5221:
5214:
5204:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5133:
5123:
5113:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5079:
5071:Mazzonicebus
5069:
5059:
5049:
5039:
5032:
5027:Cebupithecia
5025:
5015:
5005:
4998:
4993:Antillothrix
4991:
4968:
4958:
4938:
4928:
4918:
4908:
4900:Perupithecus
4898:
4888:
4851:
4844:
4839:Parapithecus
4837:
4830:
4823:
4803:
4796:
4776:
4769:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4706:
4699:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4639:
4632:
4609:Phileosimias
4607:
4596:
4586:
4576:
4567:Altiatlasius
4565:
4469:Xanthorhysis
4467:
4457:
4452:Oligotarsius
4450:
4440:
4430:
4423:
4415:
4400:
4389:
4379:
4365:Tarsiiformes
4344:
4337:
4330:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4228:Macrotarsius
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4080:Strigorhysis
4078:
4073:Sphacorhysis
4071:
4064:
4057:
4052:Chlororhysis
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4015:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3953:Microchoerus
3951:
3944:
3937:
3917:
3910:
3904:Altiatlasius
3902:
3894:
3776:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3718:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3652:
3641:Ce. bancanus
3640:
3628:
3617:Ca. syrichta
3616:
3604:
3558:
3411:
3162:. Retrieved
3152:
3140:. Retrieved
3136:the original
3125:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3030:
3011:
3005:
2974:the original
2955:
2948:
2917:the original
2898:
2891:
2860:the original
2841:
2834:
2823:. Retrieved
2816:the original
2803:
2799:
2790:
2782:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2691:(1): 11445.
2688:
2684:
2674:
2636:(7): 41–59.
2633:
2629:
2619:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:the original
2474:
2464:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:the original
2442:
2432:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2345:
2335:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2268:
2262:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2207:
2200:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2045:
2031:
1988:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1890:
1886:
1854:
1846:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1808:
1803:(May 2017).
1734:
1730:
1719:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1673:. Retrieved
1669:the original
1651:(1): 65–70.
1648:
1644:
1638:
1630:
1611:
1605:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1549:
1541:
1504:
1500:
1487:
1473:cite journal
1438:
1434:
1406:
1401:
1382:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1315:
1310:
1285:
1281:
1244:
1207:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1155:Conservation
1146:
1143:Reproduction
1125:grasshoppers
1097:flying frogs
1089:orthopterans
1075:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1031:
1019:
1013:
989:
963:
954:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
832:
820:
818:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
777:
775:
766:
760:
756:
751:
746:
734:
732:
726:
712:
708:
704:
696:
688:
676:
670:
665:
657:
654:socioecology
641:
635:
629:
625:
622:Colin Groves
619:
614:
610:
606:
598:
578:
576:
570:
553:DNA sequence
529:phylogenetic
526:
510:
508:
496:
480:
464:
448:
443:
430:
424:
420:Xanthorhysis
418:
416:
404:
387:
347:Tarsiiformes
342:
288:
287:
276:
269:
262:
237:
216:
207:Tarsiiformes
203:Infraorder:
121:
18:
7208:iNaturalist
7131:Wikispecies
6548:Hylobatidae
6238:Rungwecebus
6103:Miopithecus
6089:Chlorocebus
6018:Sawecolobus
5953:Paracolobus
5717:Anapithecus
5633:Paidopithex
5388:Leontocebus
5323:Panamacebus
5233:Paralouatta
5169:Brachyteles
5061:Insulacebus
4981:Pitheciidae
4920:Canaanimico
4873:Platyrrhini
4825:Abuqatrania
4641:Afrotarsius
4546:Simiiformes
4533:Simiiformes
4485:Simiiformes
4339:Tarkadectes
4179:Diablomomys
4158:Brontomomys
4094:Teilhardina
4038:Arapahovius
4031:Anemorhysis
3995:Vectipithex
3988:Quercyloris
3981:Pseudoloris
3960:Nannopithex
3946:Melaneremia
3764:T. niemitzi
3746:T. wallacei
3674:T. dentatus
3499:Hylobatidae
3469:Catharrhini
3454:Pitheciidae
3431:Platyrrhini
3293:Superorder
3287:Infraclass
3183:Tarsier.org
3062:Zoo Biology
2993:|work=
2936:|work=
2879:|work=
2800:Zoo Biology
1121:cockroaches
1078:carnivorous
931:T. wallacei
859:T. niemitzi
833:T. dentatus
729:: tarsiers
713:carbonarius
709:fraterculus
611:T. spectrum
607:T. dentatus
431:Afrotarsius
426:Afrotarsius
405:Fossils of
371:Philippines
7318:Categories
6382:Equatorius
6341:Hominoidea
6328:Hominoidea
6287:see below↓
6278:Hominoidea
6174:Mandrillus
6160:Lophocebus
6133:Cercocebus
5984:Procolobus
5745:Fanchangia
5501:Catarrhini
5488:Catarrhini
5447:see below↓
5438:Catarrhini
5374:Callithrix
5313:Killikaike
5216:Mohanamico
5199:Chilecebus
5125:Soriacebus
5091:Nuciruptor
5051:Homunculus
5041:Chiropotes
5034:Cheracebus
5017:Carlocebus
5007:Callicebus
4970:Tremacebus
4940:Lagonimico
4930:Branisella
4910:Szalatavus
4737:Pondaungia
4655:Eosimiidae
4494:see below↓
4381:Archicebus
4263:Shoshonius
4207:Hemiacodon
4186:Dyseolemur
4172:Chumashius
4115:Trogolemur
4108:Tetonoides
4017:Absarokius
3967:Necrolemur
3912:Bownomomys
3864:Haplorhini
3819:Haplorhini
3737:T. tumpara
3728:T. pumilus
3683:T. lariang
3665:T. tarsier
3595:Haplorhini
3593:Suborder:
3491:Hominoidea
3400:Haplorhini
3337:Lemuroidea
3314:Lorisoidea
3041:18 October
2825:2010-11-19
2489:2019-09-28
2475:My SinChew
2455:2019-09-28
1675:2010-03-16
1217:References
1109:arthropods
922:T. pumilus
913:T. tumpara
904:T. tarsier
850:T. lariang
658:T. tarsier
615:T. tarsier
595:morphology
587:Philippine
541:Haplorhini
521:See also:
509:The genus
439:anthropoid
407:tarsiiform
333:haplorhine
231:Type genus
197:Haplorhini
193:Suborder:
30:45–0
7137:Tarsiidae
7107:Tarsiidae
6851:Gorillini
6781:Homininae
6624:Hominidae
6574:Hylobates
6453:Proconsul
6211:Pliopapio
6201:Parapapio
6124:Papionini
5991:Pygathrix
5977:Presbytis
5867:Colobinae
5766:Pliobates
5731:Crouzelia
5532:Saadanius
5367:Callimico
5286:Acrecebus
5263:Stirtonia
5206:Lagothrix
5189:Cartelles
5135:Xenothrix
4890:Parvimico
4416:Tarsiidae
4403:Omomyidae
4298:Washakius
4284:Uintanius
4235:Nesomomys
4165:Chipetaia
4151:Asiomomys
4134:Omomyinae
4087:Tatmanius
4045:Aycrossia
3974:Paraloris
3939:Indusomys
3881:Omomyidae
3829:Kingdom:
3755:T. fuscus
3569:Kingdom:
3559:Tarsiidae
3504:Hominidae
3412:Tarsiidae
3382:Indriidae
3372:Lemuridae
3327:Galagidae
3322:Lorisidae
3164:1 January
3142:1 January
2995:ignored (
2985:cite book
2938:ignored (
2928:cite book
2881:ignored (
2871:cite book
2713:2045-2322
2650:1421-9980
2603:1573-8604
2525:254163428
1815:(1): 1–9.
1761:1932-6203
1363:211075031
1199:Malaysian
1183:Indonesia
1148:Gestation
1117:arachnids
1055:Predators
1041:nocturnal
841:T. fuscus
666:T. fuscus
646:dentition
620:In 2010,
599:T. dianae
549:monophyly
441:primate.
412:dentition
363:Indonesia
343:Tarsiidae
217:Tarsiidae
153:Kingdom:
147:Eukaryota
102:to Recent
7329:Tarsiers
7252:12100165
7145:BioLib:
7122:Q1114471
7116:Wikidata
7075:Primates
6917:Hominina
6893:Hominini
6810:Danuvius
6686:Ponginae
6645:Buronius
6591:Nomascus
6530:Simiolus
5419:Saguinus
5381:Cebuella
5333:Patasola
5253:Solimoea
5155:Alouatta
5146:Atelidae
5098:Pithecia
4846:Qatrania
4771:Arsinoea
4671:Eosimias
4305:Wyomomys
4270:Steinius
4256:Rooneyia
4214:Jemezius
4122:Walshina
4101:Tetonius
4059:Gazinius
3919:Kohatius
3896:Altanius
3849:Primates
3843:Mammalia
3837:Chordata
3835:Phylum:
3831:Animalia
3778:Category
3589:Primates
3583:Mammalia
3577:Chordata
3575:Phylum:
3571:Animalia
3459:Atelidae
3289:Eutheria
3283:Mammalia
3277:Chordata
3271:Animalia
3269:Kingdom
3260:families
3186:Archived
3117:73491766
3109:30826810
2774:83711759
2766:31979510
2731:37454197
2722:10349819
2666:24464173
2611:45884124
2564:21188050
2424:12290499
2416:12682923
2381:17988759
2329:: 1–161.
2308:41499839
2288:Primates
2254:23939646
2192:22319094
2143:21448186
2135:16200648
1779:25136854
1731:PLOS ONE
1711:29045930
1597:23928350
1533:16537385
1465:21123264
1355:32043166
1335:Primates
1302:21220811
1264:62265494
1238:(2005).
1129:katydids
1095:, small
1028:Behavior
996:thalamus
705:syrichta
701:Mindanao
591:taxonomy
583:Sulawesi
491:Pakistan
475:Thailand
369:and the
367:Malaysia
336:primates
328:-see-ərz
289:Tarsiers
213:Family:
187:Primates
177:Mammalia
167:Chordata
163:Phylum:
157:Animalia
143:Domain:
24:Tarsiers
7301:6168603
7063:Mammals
7049:Portals
6978:Orrorin
6871:Gorilla
6567:Hoolock
5943:Nasalis
5886:Colobus
5412:Micodon
5347:Sapajus
5340:Saimiri
5274:Cebidae
5223:Oreonax
5179:Caipora
5000:Cacajao
4951:Aotidae
4832:Apidium
4805:Serapia
4778:Biretia
4664:Bahinia
4634:Afrasia
4598:Nosmips
4578:Amamria
4459:Tarsius
4425:Carlito
4346:Tarkops
4312:Yaquius
4277:Stockia
4249:Ourayia
4221:Loveina
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3606:Carlito
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2072:Tarsius
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