158:
The ecology and evolution of the
Melanesian ants that originally inspired Wilson's hypothesis have since been shown to be consistent with the taxon cycle predictions using modern methods. Ricklefs & Bermingham (2002) estimated that taxon cycles take place over periods of 0.1-10 million years in
376:
Pepke, Michael Le; Irestedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Rahbek, Carsten; Jønsson, Knud
Andreas (2019). "Reconciling supertramps, great speciators and relict species with the taxon cycle stages of a large island radiation (Aves: Campephagidae)".
71:
cycle theories. Taxon cycles have mainly been described in island settings (archipelagos), where the distributions and movements of species are readily recognized, but may also occur in continental biota.
131:
that have moved to habitats inland (and uphill) and where reduced dispersal ability and extinctions have fragmented the distribution to fewer and larger islands. These species may be
113:, and local extinction on small islands may have created gaps in the distribution. This stage includes species that have maintained a relatively good dispersal ability such as "
163:
islands. Pepke et al. (2019) used the difference in mean age of late- and early-stage species as a lower estimate (4.7 million years) of the tempo of taxon cycling in an
153:
with limited dispersal abilities and small range sizes. These species are evolutionary distinctive, as closely related species (and subspecies) have gone extinct.
114:
460:"Phylogeography of a 'great speciator' (Aves: Edolisoma tenuirostre ) reveals complex dispersal and diversification dynamics across the Indo-Pacific"
149:
species in the "final" stage are restricted to island interiors (mountains) on a few, large islands. This stage includes sedentary high‐elevation
63:
between species, the taxon cycle concept was further developed to include well-defined temporal scales and combined with concepts from
83:
stage inhabiting small island, coastal or disturbed (marginal) habitat. Such species are hypothesized to include very good
509:"Revisiting the Ants of Melanesia and the Taxon Cycle: Historical and Human-Mediated Invasions of a Tropical Archipelago"
324:
Jønsson, Knud
Andreas; Irestedt, Martin; Christidis, Les; Clegg, Sonya M.; Holt, Ben G.; Fjeldså, Jon (2014-02-22).
31:
shifts in the ecology and morphology of species. The taxon cycle concept was explicitly formulated by biologist
458:
Pedersen, Michael Pepke; Irestedt, Martin; Joseph, Leo; Rahbek, Carsten; Jønsson, Knud
Andreas (April 2018).
55:
Wilson categorized species into evolutionary "stages", which today are commonly described in the outline by
101:
Species that are generally widespread across many islands, but where geographical expansion has slowed,
79:
Young, rapidly expanding, undifferentiated, widely and continuously distributed species in the initial
60:
423:
Ricklefs, Robert E.; Bermingham, Eldredge (2002). "The concept of the taxon cycle in biogeography".
59:& Cox (1972). However, with the advent of molecular techniques to construct time-calibrated
80:
281:
Ricklefs, Robert E.; Cox, George W. (1972-03-01). "Taxon Cycles in the West Indian
Avifauna".
568:
132:
64:
326:"Evidence of taxon cycles in an Indo-Pacific passerine bird radiation (Aves: Pachycephala)"
150:
110:
92:
84:
8:
102:
544:
508:
489:
402:
350:
325:
306:
263:
251:
220:
212:
187:
Wilson, Edward O. (1961). "The Nature of the Taxon Cycle in the
Melanesian Ant Fauna".
536:
528:
440:
436:
406:
394:
355:
298:
255:
204:
493:
310:
267:
224:
548:
520:
479:
471:
432:
386:
345:
337:
290:
247:
196:
142:
238:
Wilson, Edward O. (1959). "Adaptive Shift and
Dispersal in a Tropical Ant Fauna".
160:
118:
56:
20:
562:
532:
444:
398:
302:
259:
208:
24:
135:, but novel adaptations or accidental dispersal may restart the taxon cycle.
540:
359:
341:
167:
164:
88:
32:
484:
459:
216:
106:
68:
28:
475:
390:
44:
524:
294:
200:
146:
128:
36:
323:
457:
375:
40:
330:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
27:
expansions and contractions over time associated with
422:
560:
507:Economo, Evan P.; Sarnat, Eli M. (July 2012).
506:
35:in 1961 after he surveyed the distributions,
127:Older, well-differentiated and well-defined
50:
280:
483:
349:
561:
237:
186:
23:theory of how species evolve through
418:
416:
371:
369:
13:
252:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1959.tb02996.x
121:" may consist of stage II species.
14:
580:
413:
366:
274:
437:10.1046/j.1466-822x.2002.00300.x
425:Global Ecology and Biogeography
500:
451:
317:
231:
180:
1:
173:
159:different bird groups of the
39:, behavior and morphology of
7:
10:
585:
103:population differentiation
61:phylogenetic relationships
51:Stages of the taxon cycle
91:species and ecological "
513:The American Naturalist
464:Journal of Biogeography
379:Journal of Biogeography
283:The American Naturalist
189:The American Naturalist
342:10.1098/rspb.2013.1727
65:ecological succession
336:(1777): 20131727.
476:10.1111/jbi.13182
391:10.1111/jbi.13577
133:niche specialists
119:species complexes
111:incipient species
576:
553:
552:
504:
498:
497:
487:
455:
449:
448:
420:
411:
410:
385:(6): 1214–1225.
373:
364:
363:
353:
321:
315:
314:
289:(948): 195–219.
278:
272:
271:
235:
229:
228:
195:(882): 169–193.
184:
117:". Early-stage "
115:great speciators
584:
583:
579:
578:
577:
575:
574:
573:
559:
558:
557:
556:
505:
501:
456:
452:
421:
414:
374:
367:
322:
318:
279:
275:
236:
232:
185:
181:
176:
161:Lesser Antilles
157:
53:
43:species in the
21:biogeographical
12:
11:
5:
582:
572:
571:
555:
554:
525:10.1086/665996
499:
470:(4): 826–837.
450:
431:(5): 353–361.
412:
365:
316:
295:10.1086/282762
273:
246:(1): 122–144.
230:
201:10.1086/282174
178:
177:
175:
172:
155:
154:
136:
122:
105:has generated
96:
52:
49:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
581:
570:
567:
566:
564:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
519:(1): E1–E16.
518:
514:
510:
503:
495:
491:
486:
485:11250/2593769
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
454:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
419:
417:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
372:
370:
361:
357:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
320:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
277:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
234:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
183:
179:
171:
169:
166:
162:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
74:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
48:
47:archipelago.
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
569:Biogeography
516:
512:
502:
467:
463:
453:
428:
424:
382:
378:
333:
329:
319:
286:
282:
276:
243:
239:
233:
192:
188:
182:
165:Indo-Pacific
156:
138:
124:
98:
81:colonization
76:
54:
33:E. O. Wilson
17:Taxon cycles
16:
15:
168:bird family
151:specialists
93:supertramps
19:refer to a
174:References
125:Stage III:
107:subspecies
85:dispersers
69:speciation
45:Melanesian
533:0003-0147
445:1466-8238
407:164517439
399:1365-2699
303:0003-0147
260:1558-5646
240:Evolution
209:0003-0147
143:relictual
139:Stage IV:
99:Stage II:
89:ephemeral
563:Category
541:22673659
494:46029743
360:24403319
311:84412686
268:87203686
225:83701216
77:Stage I:
57:Ricklefs
37:habitats
29:adaptive
549:9729804
351:3896003
217:2458389
147:endemic
129:species
547:
539:
531:
492:
443:
405:
397:
358:
348:
309:
301:
266:
258:
223:
215:
207:
545:S2CID
490:S2CID
403:S2CID
307:S2CID
264:S2CID
221:S2CID
213:JSTOR
141:Old,
25:range
537:PMID
529:ISSN
441:ISSN
395:ISSN
356:PMID
299:ISSN
256:ISSN
205:ISSN
67:and
521:doi
517:180
480:hdl
472:doi
433:doi
387:doi
346:PMC
338:doi
334:281
291:doi
287:106
248:doi
197:doi
109:or
41:ant
565::
543:.
535:.
527:.
515:.
511:.
488:.
478:.
468:45
466:.
462:.
439:.
429:11
427:.
415:^
401:.
393:.
383:46
381:.
368:^
354:.
344:.
332:.
328:.
305:.
297:.
285:.
262:.
254:.
244:13
242:.
219:.
211:.
203:.
193:95
191:.
170:.
145:,
95:".
87:,
551:.
523::
496:.
482::
474::
447:.
435::
409:.
389::
362:.
340::
313:.
293::
270:.
250::
227:.
199::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.