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207:, such as using matchheads to set his hand on fire above the altar during a church service. These tricks swayed the Māori prisoners on Chatham Islands, and when some of the chiefs present on the island were sent back to the mainland, Te Kooti took advantage of the situation to become the local leader. Only Te Kooti's uncle was not impressed by these tricks, which he saw right through. Nevertheless, Te Kooti established a faith named
199:, together with the rebels he had been fighting against. He was never tried and took every opportunity to demand a trial. Some say he got his name from this, "Kooti" (pronounced like "Courty"), others that it was a Māori version of the last name "Coates". If he did supply the Pai Marire with guns as is alleged, he also took part in a battle against them. There are allegations he fired blanks on this occasion.
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In 1868, expecting a resupply boat, Te Kooti prophesied that two boats would soon arrive to take them off the island. Normally the prisoners worked on a farm but using the excuse of rain a number of convicts were able to enter the redoubt. There were actually only 6 guards on the whole Island as the
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Te Kooti was apparently a very troublesome boy to his father, who tried to kill him. In 1852, he became notorious as one of a group of young Māori causing trouble in the
Gisborne district. He took on the role of a "social bandit", breaking into settlers' homes and stealing goods as part of a plunder
402:
Kooti was released on the condition that he never again try to return to his old home. Te Kooti appealed this decision, and was initially successful, but in 1890 the Court of Appeal ruled that the terror and alarm that Te Kooti's reappearance would have entailed justified the magistrate's decision.
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From 1869 to 1872, Te Kooti and his followers raided throughout the central North Island while being pursued by their colonial and Māori enemies. His power was only broken once his Tuhoe allies were systematically conquered by his enemies. But once again Te Kooti managed to escape, this time to the
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On 10 November 1868, Te Kooti and his followers attacked the township of
Matawhero on the outskirts of Gisborne. Some 54 people were slaughtered, including women and children. The dead included 22 local Māori as well as European settlers. This was probably a revenge attack, motivated by Te Kooti's
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In 1883, Te Kooti was pardoned by the government and began to travel New
Zealand. His followers grew and he decided to return to his old home. However, his past violence had not been forgotten and the local magistrate arrested him and imprisoned him, citing an anticipatory breach of the peace. Te
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In 1878 Te Kooti was thrown out of a hui at
Hikurangi, which had been called by the government, because he had broken the ban on alcohol that was enforced by King Tāwhiao. Te Kooti stormed out of the meeting and went into a wild rage. In the morning he returned covered in albatross feathers,
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shuffling and bent over, having taken on the persona of a shuffling old man. Te Kooti is portrayed in this narrative as
Tawhaki, the twice born. He threw off his disguise and lightning flashed from his armpits. The feathers were to show divinely inspired peace, according to the story.
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for a few years (1850–1853). Local chiefs were asked by settlers to work with the local runanga (Māori council) to solve problems with Te Kooti but Te Kooti's men persisted in taking pigs, horses, cattle and alcohol, angering the runanga run by senior chiefs. As a result, Te Kooti's
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While on the
Chatham Islands Te Kooti experienced visions and became a religious leader. Te Kooti was referred to by other prisoners as Tawhaki, the twice born, after his unexpected survival from tuberculosis. He also performed some
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tribes for refuge but was rejected. He also sought dialogue with the colonial government but was rebuffed. He sent a statement to the effect that if the government wanted a war, he would give it to them in
November.
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During this time on the
Chatham Islands, Te Kooti (or Te Koti as he signed in the documents) was married in a civil marriage to Maata Te Owai on 27 July 1867. The marriage documents reveal that he was born in 1832.
247:. On the fourth day at sea, the ship was becalmed and Te Kooti declared that a sacrifice was needed. Te Kooti had his uncle, Te Warihi Otini, thrown overboard and soon afterwards the ship made headway again.
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majority had been removed in April to
Hokitika where a Fenian uprising was feared. On 4 July 1868, Te Kooti led an escape, and with 168 other prisoners seized the
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so that the alarm could not be raised and set off back to the North Island. One
Chatham Island sergeant was killed because of a personal grievance. The
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without trial along with captured Hauhau, he experienced visions and became a religious leader. In 1868 he led the escape of 168 prisoners, seizing the
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sailors were allowed to live and set sail for the coast of New Zealand with help from the Māori hijackers. The sailors attempted to sail towards
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243:, but with Te Kooti's expertise at sailing were caught and told they would be thrown overboard if they did not keep a course for the
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runs into the ocean. Arikirangi is thought to be the original name of Te Kooti. His birth date is thought to be approximately 1832.
195:(or Hauhau cult), he was arrested as a spy while trying to contact his brother who was fighting with the Hauhau, and exiled to the
70:. He was pardoned in 1883 but continued to be active in spreading the Ringatū message of peace and reclaiming land from Pakeha.
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where he spent the next decade under the protection of the Māori King. Te Kooti used this time to develop his religion.
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Mitcalfe, Barry. "The Tohunga and the testament: Te Kooti – with a Bible in one hand, a gun in the other", pp 45–40 in
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Te Kooti was then pursued by colonial and sympathetic Māori forces. His community was surrounded at Ngatapa and
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were strangers with red or white skin and Arikirangi was a grandchild of Toiroa, still to be born.
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He had to leave home and went to sea on different ships that traded along the coasts of the
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where he began a series of raids. A resultant military reprisal campaign became known as
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region as a son of Hōne Rangipātahi (father) and Hine Turākau (mother), of the
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But his reputation was still suffering, also after contacts with the Reverend
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A drawing purported to be of Te Kooti, though there are doubts about this
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714:. Publ. Hodder & Stoughton, London & W.W. Norton, New York, 1987
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152:. In 1846–1847 he was taught by Samuel Williams. Samuel and his uncle,
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Te Kooti's early years are obscure. He was born at Te Pā-o-Kahu in the
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Toiroa Ikariki (Ikarihi), a matakite (visionary) of Nukutaurua on
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In 1865 while fighting with government forces to suppress the
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party. He was sent to the Mission School at Whakatō, near
673:. A History of the English-Speaking Peoples. Vol. 4.
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Redemption Songs: A life of Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki
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231:, with supplies and rifles, scuttled another vessel the
94:) was Ngāti Maru, whose villages were situated near the
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While fighting alongside government forces against the
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156:"helped the boy to find a new world in the Bible".
176:. Many prisoners were taken but Te Kooti escaped.
144:is understood to be his Christian baptismal name.
51:in 1865, he was accused of spying. Exiled to the
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629:Conflict: The Story of Te Kooti and the Settlers
381:and made an alliance with the Tuhoe leadership.
650:, Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1995.
631:. Publ. Dorset Enterprises, Wellington 2006.
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665:. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 2010.
311:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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423:"Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki biography"
331:Learn how and when to remove this message
776:Military leaders of the New Zealand Wars
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811:Recipients of New Zealand royal pardons
250:Upon their arrival at Whareongaonga in
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377:From there, Te Kooti escaped into the
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370:. He was defeated at the subsequent
309:adding citations to reliable sources
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122:Ko Arikirangi tenei ra te haere nei.
796:Founders of new religious movements
791:Escapees from New Zealand detention
583:"Iconography of Te Kooti Rikirangi"
428:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
362:From there, Te Kooti was chased to
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751:New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
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781:People from the Gisborne District
737:Editorial objection to the pardon
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587:Journal of the Polynesian Society
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129:There is Arikirangi to come.
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125:Dark, dark is the night.
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695:. Christchurch: 1963.
671:The Great Democracies
393:Pardon and later life
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254:, Te Kooti asked the
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32:(c. 1832–1893) was a
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816:Rongowhakaata people
786:New Zealand escapees
507:Mitcalfe, 1963, p 46
305:improve this section
90:). Their sub-tribe (
693:Nine New Zealanders
663:Stories Without End
613:Stories Without End
531:Stories Without End
372:Battle of Te Pōrere
256:Māori King Movement
174:Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki
161:Thomas Samuel Grace
725:Te Kooti Biography
366:where he set up a
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118:Tiwha tiwha te pō.
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711:Season of the Jew
706:Shadbolt, Maurice
656:978-1-86940-131-3
627:Beaufoy, Betty –
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771:1891 deaths
766:1832 births
438:19 February
252:Poverty Bay
760:Categories
700:In fiction
597:13 October
245:East Coast
241:Wellington
193:Pai Marire
74:Early life
364:Te Pōrere
292:does not
136:Pakerewhā
44:fighter.
42:guerrilla
25:Te Kooti
611:Binney,
567:Binney,
529:Binney,
516:Binney,
494:Binney,
481:Binney,
468:Binney,
452:Binney,
357:besieged
258:and the
233:Florence
229:Rifleman
226:schooner
150:Manutūkē
142:Te Kooti
80:Gisborne
60:Rifleman
57:schooner
821:Ringatū
749:at the
686:Moriori
615:, p 189
557:Moriori
546:, p 202
533:, p 188
379:Urewera
313:removed
298:sources
209:Ringatū
86:tribe (
38:Ringatū
743:, 1883
733:(1966)
688:, 2000
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571:, p 20
555:King,
542:King,
520:, p 22
498:, p 21
485:, p 11
472:, p 16
267:At war
237:Pākehā
219:Escape
111:Pākehā
49:Hauhau
406:Notes
260:Tuhoe
187:Exile
34:Māori
652:ISBN
633:ISBN
599:2021
440:2016
296:any
294:cite
92:hapū
727:in
593:(1)
307:by
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88:iwi
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