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while Lynn goes back to the early days of the old Ducale in 1816 with an account of the way the tenor
Alberico Curioni was "whistled and booed, but he would have none of it and shouted obscenities back" until the police were called and arrested him. The inaugural gala of the Teatro Regio on 16 May 1829 "was not a joyous occasion" for the audience, which gave Bellini's
86:, a production which was staged another seven times, although it did not prove to be popular with the Parma audiences. Initially Rossini had been invited to compose a work for the inauguration of the house, but he was too busy and so the task fell to Bellini. However, that inaugural season saw three Rossini operas staged, including
204:(" gold, ivory, and maroon" colours), the ceiling of the auditorium was decorated by Giovan Battista Borghesi with frescoes of the most famous playwrights. This remains today. The chandelier, which was built in Paris and taken to Parma in 1854 when the theatre was adapted for gas, is 4.5 metres in height and weighs 1100 kg.
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Lynn also recounts several incidents during performances in the 19th century where the curtain was brought down due to vociferous protests from audience members, one event actually leading to the dismissal of the theatre's administration. A 21st century performance, which incited audience displeasure
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Along with the Verdi operas presented as part of its regular season since 2003/04, the aim of the
Festival Verdi has been to present every one of the composer's operas by the bi-centennial year of 2013. However, while this was not achieved, very few operas remain to be staged (depending upon whether
131:
However, the "Nuovo" replaced another existing "small and narrow" Ducal
Theatre dating from 1688, which had been located in the Palazzo di Riserva. The 1,200-seat theatre was becoming obsolete due to a variety of factors, including the need to appeal to an increasing middle class desire to experience
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Several writers have commented on the particular qualities of certain members of the audience when attending a performance at the Ducale and the Regio: "Parma's operatic public has a reputation as particularly demanding famous for being unforgiving of any singer not in good voice" notes
Plantamura,
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In 1849, restoration was called for and then, four years later under the
Bourbon Duke Carlo III, more opulent decoration took place. This included the replacement of the neoclassical elements with the more sensual aspects of the mid-19th century; as Martini notes, "this rendered the theatre more
378:, which was set during the First World War. A later performance caused competing "bravas" and booing for and against the Lady Macbeth. The theatre's administration explained it as follows: "Teatro Regio realizes that it needs to be the best because the audience are all experts".
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in Venice, the city’s Teatro Regio....is considered by opera buffs to be one of the true homes of the great
Italian tradition, and the well-informed audience is famous for giving voice to its approval or disapproval – not just from the gallery."
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is, as
Martini describes it, a "large square upheld by four pairs of imposing mottled marble Ionic columns on an attic base..... The entire room is based on the square and on symmetry". It is decorated with a marble floor.
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constructed in 1618, but it was used only nine times, the last one occurring in
October 1732, after which it suffered from years from neglect and further damage by American bombing in World War II. It was rebuilt in 1966.
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After the reign of
Duchess Marie Louise, the theatre was renamed and between 1849 and 1860, it was known as the "Teatro Reale". With the unification of Italy in 1861, the house took its present name, the Teatro Regio.
153:'s divorced second wife, preferred divorce rather than exile. She settled in Parma, ruling from 1816 to 1847, and under her patronage and financial support, secured the services of the architect
229:
Verdi, who was born and who grew up only 20 miles from Parma, was perhaps quite naturally soon adopted by the city as its native son, especially as his fame grew after the success of the 1840
145:
The newly built "Nuovo Ducale" was located on the site of the former
Monastery of St. Alexander and it was located next to the Ducal Palace. Construction began in 1821 during the reign of
260:
The seasons surrounding the centennial of his birth in 1813 and the 50th anniversary of his death in 1951 were devoted solely to his operas, and between 1829 and 1979, Verdi,
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in the house was installed. By 1907, the stage lighting was electrified, and that of the rest of house took place during the centennial of Verdi's birth in 1913.
157:. Marie Louise oversaw the construction, assuring that the interior decoration reflected "the sobriety of neoclassicism and the colours white and light blue".
370:"a frosty reception" due to the fact that he was the second choice and that he had refused to use a libretto written by one of the company's board members.
353:("Happy Birthday, Maestro Verdi") has been held each 10 October with a concert of excerpts from his works and this is coupled with the month-long festival.
319:. A concert by the Filarmonica Arturo Toscanini on 10 October was something of a highlight of the celebrations. It included a concert version of act 2 of
107:
Today, the company stages about four operas each season from mid January to April and, since 2003, it has presented an annual Verdi Festival each October.
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with 177 performances over the 150-year period. The 2001 centennial of the composer's death resulted in a year-long celebration beginning with the
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In addition to its regular season, from the 1990s the company began to mount a Festival Verdi. Beginning in 2003, the celebration known as
357:
different versions are planned). The Festival has included associated discussions, orchestral concerts, and other relevant presentations.
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The 1,400-seat auditorium, with four tiers of boxes topped by a gallery, was inaugurated on 16 May 1829 when it presented the premiere of
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Replacing an obsolete house, the new Ducale achieved prominence in the years after 1829, and especially so after the composer
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The "bicententario" year of 2013 prompted special celebrations which included concerts by the La Scala Orchestra, under
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opera, but also allow for "separate and well articulated private and public spaces". After a performance of
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57:, some thirty kilometres away, had achieved fame. Also well known in Parma was the conductor
824:"Festival Verdi: 1813—2013 Bicentarario" programme booklet, pub. Teatro Regio di Parma, 2013
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There had been a Ducal Theatre in Parma since the 17th century, the principal one being the
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Poster for the 2013 Festival Verdi in the foyer of the Teatro Regio, October 2013
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splendid with extensive use of red velvet and golden ornamentation. In addition,
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Background to the Verdi Festival and associated locations in Parma, 2006 to 2013
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with many photographs, on operachic.typepad.com. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
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The dates of their most recent appearances have been noted below.
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After the 1853 restoration, which overall has been described as
957:(in English) trans. Melanie Schoonhoven. Parma: Azzali Editori.
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As has been noted by Lee Marshall, "while not as well known as
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was the 2001 opening of a controversial production of Verdi's
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Some artists who have worked at the Teatro Regio di Parma
323:. Other complete operas given during the month included
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Lynn, Karyl Charna (2005), "Parma: Teatro Regio", in
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on the company's website. Retrieved 30 January 2013
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980:OPERA!: The Guide to Western Europe's Great Houses
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834:Programmes of the "Festival Verdi" from 2004
142:in 1828, it was closed and then demolished.
710:(London) 10 October 2013 on telegraph.co.uk
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23:Exterior of the Teatro Regio in Parma, 2018
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937:Italian Opera Houses and Festivals
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101:Il barbiere di Siviglia
955:A Guide to the Theatre
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97:
96:
91:
90:
85:
84:
79:
74:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
1367:
1357:Verona Arena
1352:
1343:
1334:
1330:Teatro Galli
1325:
1316:
1307:
1303:Teatro Regio
1302:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1254:Gabicce Mare
1253:
1240:
1234:Other cities
1225:Unipol Arena
1153:Teatro Regio
999:Opera Chic,
979:
976:Teatro Regio
975:
961:
954:
950:
936:
929:
928:
918:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
848:
829:
820:
795:
786:
733:Lynn, p. 205
729:
724:Lynn, p. 204
707:
698:
676:
675:
659:
653:
647:
623:Cesare Siepi
543:Carlo Guelfi
487:Maria Callas
410:Lorin Maazel
385:
375:
372:
367:
364:
355:
350:
348:
344:
343:
336:
330:
326:I masnadieri
324:
320:
286:
271:
265:
259:
252:
246:
240:
236:
230:
228:
211:
207:
206:
199:
191:
184:
168:
167:
163:gas lighting
159:
144:
137:
130:
122:
106:
99:
93:
87:
81:
75:
68:in Milan or
63:
48:
31:
27:
26:
1389: /
919:La traviata
429:Daniel Oren
418:Zubin Mehta
392:Conductors
202:neo-Baroque
42:company in
36:opera house
1404:Categories
1377:10°19′38″E
1374:44°48′11″N
672:References
291:, and the
242:I Lombardi
179:auditorium
151:Napoleon I
95:Semiramide
1348:La Fenice
1245:Carisport
1215:PalaDozza
1210:Covo Club
1085:Villa Ada
593:Juan Pons
582:Leo Nucci
262:Donizetti
248:Jérusalem
70:La Fenice
46:, Italy.
1321:Cocoricò
1317:Riccione
1106:La Scala
856:Archived
837:Archived
564:(1960s)
332:Falstaff
149:who, as
66:La Scala
1335:Treviso
1290:Mezzago
1203:Bologna
1177:Palermo
930:Sources
637:(1971)
631:(1949)
625:(1982)
609:(1970)
601:(1986)
595:(2005)
584:(2012)
578:(2008)
572:(2011)
558:(1987)
545:(2011)
539:(2011)
533:(2007)
525:(2005)
502:(1998)
489:(1951)
483:(2008)
470:(1959)
461:(2009)
448:(2013)
442:(2007)
431:(2012)
425:(2007)
412:(2009)
406:(2005)
400:(2009)
376:Macbeth
301:Requiem
273:Requiem
254:Macbeth
237:Nabucco
232:Nabucco
139:Zelmira
134:Rossini
55:Busseto
1353:Verona
1344:Venice
1326:Rimini
1281:Mantua
1241:Cesena
1130:Naples
986:
978:", in
968:
943:
335:, and
311:, and
295:under
98:, and
1308:Rieti
1299:Parma
1294:Bloom
1263:Genoa
1146:Turin
1094:Milan
677:Notes
661:Opera
368:Zaira
194:foyer
83:Zaira
44:Parma
40:opera
1272:Fano
1053:Rome
984:ISBN
966:ISBN
941:ISBN
321:Aida
267:Aida
192:The
177:The
38:and
136:'s
80:'s
1406::
1355::
1346::
1337::
1328::
1319::
1310::
1301::
1292::
1283::
1274::
1265::
1256::
1247:,
1243::
804:^
770:^
754:^
738:^
715:^
706:,
684:^
668:.
341:.
329:,
307:,
104:.
92:,
1040:e
1033:t
1026:v
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