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211:, the former director of the San Bartolomeo held the primary responsibility for designing the elaborate furnishings of the Teatro di San Carlo. The horseshoe-shaped auditorium is the oldest in the world. It was built at a cost of 75,000 ducats. The hall was 28.6 meters long and 22.5 meters wide, with 184 boxes, including those of proscenium, arranged in six orders, plus a royal box capable of accommodating ten people, for a total of 1,379 seats. Including standing room, the theatre could hold over 3,000 people. The fastidious composer and violinist
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362:, the 254th anniversary of the composer's birth: "The renovation work was completed last year under the direction of architect Elisabetta Fabbri and is intended to return Teatro San Carlo to its condition following Antonio Niccolini's rebuilding after the fire of 1816. The project....involved 300 workers day and night."
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By the start of the twenty-first century, the opera house was showing its age with outmoded stage machinery, inadequate visitor facilities, and lack of air conditioning. In response, the
Campania regional government funded a €67 million renovation over six months in 2008 and six months in 2009 which
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The opera season runs from late
November to July, with the ballet season taking place from December to early June. The house once had a seating capacity of 3,285, but has now been reduced to 1,386 seats. Given its size, structure and antiquity, it was the model for theatres that were later built in
264:, Barbaia was able to rebuild the opera house within ten months. It was rebuilt as a traditional horseshoe-shaped auditorium with 1,444 seats, and a proscenium, 33.5m wide and 30m high. The stage was 34.5m deep. Niccolini embellished in the inner of the bas-relief depicting "Time and the Hour".
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Much admired for its architecture, its gold decorations, and the sumptuous blue upholstery (blue and gold being the official colours of the
Bourbons), the San Carlo was now the biggest opera house in the world. In relation to the power of the existing Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Beauvert
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The unification of Italy in 1861 led to Naples losing its status as the musical center of Italy and the home of the country's leading opera house to La Scala as power and wealth moved northwards. By 1874 the fall in income from performances led to the closing of the opera house for a year. Its
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During World War II the opera house was damaged by bombs. Following the liberation of Naples in
October 1943, Peter Francis of the Royal Artillery organized repairs to the damaged foyer and, three weeks later, reopened the building with a musical revue. With the building in a fit state for
785:, but the censor made such significant changes that it was never performed in that version nor under that title (until a re-created version was given in 2004). It was later performed in Rome with significant revisions to the plot and its location, while the title became
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in 1872, the installation of electricity in 1890, the subsequent abolition of the central chandelier, and the construction of the new foyer and a new wing for dressing rooms, the theatre underwent no substantial changes until repair of the bombing damage in 1943.
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there is no better place for ballet and pantomime. Military movements of infantry and cavalry, battles, and storms at sea can be represented here without falling into the ludicrous. But for opera, itself, the house is too large. Although the singers, Signora
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was appointed manager of the royal opera houses in Naples and remained in charge until 1841. He soon established a reputation for innovative and dazzling productions, which attracted both the public and leading singers to the opera house.
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attended the second night of the inauguration and wrote: "There is nothing in all Europe, I won't say comparable to this theatre, but which gives the slightest idea of what it is like..., it dazzles the eyes, it enraptures the soul...".
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In 1844 the opera house was re-decorated under
Niccolini, his son Fausto, and Francesco Maria dei Giudice. The main result was the change in appearance of the interior to the now-traditional red and gold.
528:. Naples became the capital of European music and even foreign composers considered the performance of their compositions at the San Carlo theatre as the goal of their career. These composers included
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notes that the design of the house, with its 184 boxes lacking any curtains was so that "no one could avoid the scrutiny by the sovereign" who had his private access from the Royal Palace.
207:, a military architect, chief engineer of the kingdom and the "Major Regius Praefectus Mathematicis Regni Neapolitani" (Major Royal Governor of Mathematics of the Kingdom of Naples).
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224:, , and the Signori Nozzari, Benedetti, etc., have very strong voices, only their highest and most stentorian tones could be heard. Any kind of tender utterance was lost.
805:, with whom he was touring the world. He conducted several operas (1844–1845) in the San Carlo with Anna Bishop as prima donna. She sang there 327 times in 24 operas.
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In the late nineteenth century, the house created its own in-house orchestra under
Giuseppe Martucci, which helped attract a number of respected conductors including
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performances, more musicians and singers made themselves available and the first opera performance was held on 26 December 1943, a matinee presentation of
Puccini's
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Similarly the most prominent singers performed and consolidated their fame at the San Carlo. These included
Lucrezia Anguiari, called "La Cocchetta", the renowned
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was house composer and artistic director of the royal opera houses, including the San Carlo. During this period he wrote ten operas which were
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fortunes were able to recover due to the continued support in the latter half of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century by
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On 13 February 1816 a fire broke out during a dress-rehearsal for a ballet performance and quickly spread to destroy a part of building.
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Among the conductors and composers appointed by the Teatro San Carlo was the famous and eccentric French harpist and composer
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170:. The first seasons highlighted the royal preference for dance numbers, and featured among the performers famous castrati.
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which had been set to music that year by
Antonio Caldara. As was customary, the role of Achilles was played by a woman,
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reviewed the size and acoustic properties of this opera house very thoroughly on 15 February 1817 and concluded that:
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Progetto di ristrutturazione del Teatro San Carlo e rifacimento impianti di sicurezza antincendio e rilevazione fumi
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in
Italian), who wanted to endow Naples with a new and larger theatre to replace the old, dilapidated, and too-small
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had moved there in 1682 and had begun to create an important opera centre which existed well into the 18th century.
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included restoration of the décor and the creation of a new rehearsal hall. As noted in
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on the Teatro di San Carlo's official website. (In English). Retrieved 23 December 2013
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The Musical Journeys of Louis Spohr, Journey to Switzerland and Italy 1815–17
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Bel Canto Bully: The Life of the Legendary Opera Impresario Domenico Barbaja
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One performer who did not appear in Naples from 1901 onward was Naples-born
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was performed there and in 1845 he wrote his first opera for the theatre,
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of opera enjoyed great success all over Europe, not only in the field of
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magazine, the opera house reopened on 27 January 2010 with Mozart's
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was called to Naples by the impresario Tufarelli to direct his 1752
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Late 19th century, post World War II, and 21st century renovations
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Thus the San Carlo was inaugurated on 4 November 1737, the king's
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The Real Teatro di San Carlo was commissioned by the Bourbon King
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February 1816 to January 1817: Destruction by fire and rebuilding
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before an audience that included senior military figures of the
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On 12 January 1817, the rebuilt theatre was inaugurated with
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Apollo presenting to Minerva the greatest poets of the world
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Apart from the creation of the orchestra pit, suggested by
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of 1621, which had served the city well, especially after
1104:"Naples opera house reopens after spectacular renovation"
845:, whose influence expanded the opera house's repertoire.
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on bochsa.site.voila.fr. Retrieved 23 December 2013
685:, Domenico Donzelli and the two great French rivals
480:. The Neapolitan school of opera composers included
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154:, called "Moretta"; the opera also featured soprano
761:was also associated with the theatre. In 1841, his
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Teatro San Carlo, Naples after the 13 Feb 1816 fire
1187:Spohr, Louis, (trans./ed. Henry Pleasants, 1961),
1235:Opera: the Guide to Western Europe's Great Houses
741:, Sicilian by birth, also staged his first work,
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1263:Teatro di San Carlo at Google Cultural Institute
1237:, Santa Fe, New Mexico: John Muir Publications.
798:, who was accompanied by his lover, the English
1122:"Nicolas Bochsa: Harpiste, compositeur, escroc
779:, followed in 1849. His third should have been
707:and then another rising star of Italian opera,
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703:To replace Rossini, Barbaja first signed up
199:1737: Construction of the Teatro di San Carlo
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404:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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424:Learn how and when to remove this message
275:The central frescoed ceiling painting of
1191:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
1177:, Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
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809:Decline and revival by late 19th century
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661:Regular singers of the period included
67:monarchy but today known simply as the
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1255:Teatro di San Carlo's official website
1157:Great, Grand & Famous Opera Houses
281:Antonio, Giuseppe e Giovanni Cammarano
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1144:, The Vendome Press, New York, 1995.
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998:"Teatro di San Carlo: View of facade"
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1032:http://www.vvfnapoli.it/sancarlo.php
402:adding citations to reliable sources
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203:The new opera house was designed by
138:, with the performance of the opera
31:Top floor of the Teatro di San Carlo
1686:Neoclassical architecture in Naples
340:, and troops of the Allied Forces.
338:Mediterranean Theater of Operations
55:Royal coat of arms above proscenium
23:Exterior of the Teatro di San Carlo
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1706:19th-century architecture in Italy
1701:18th-century architecture in Italy
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1175:Italian Opera Houses and Festivals
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822:operas, such as Pietro Mascagni,
366:The great age of Neapolitan opera
39:Interior view on to the royal box
601:Otello, ossia il Moro di Venezia
589:Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra
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347:The renovated auditorium in 2009
146:, based on the 1736 libretto by
1210:Great Opera Houses of the World
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841:, Pietro Mascagni and composer
834:, who staged their works here.
185:in 1761-62 brought two operas,
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532:(who later settled in Naples)
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1681:Tourist attractions in Naples
985:"The Theatre and its history"
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764:Oberto Conte di San Bonifacio
1666:1737 establishments in Italy
1208:Allison, John (ed.) (2003),
16:Opera house in Naples, Italy
7:
1223:. London: Haus Publishing,
1219:Eisenbeiss, Philip (2013),
1173:Lynn, Karyl Charna (2005),
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1676:Theatres completed in 1817
1671:Theatres completed in 1737
1384:Centro Sociale Leoncavallo
1233:Zeitz, Karyl Lynn (1991),
1140:Beauvert, Thierry (1985),
448:Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli
173:In the late 18th century,
166:, with scenes designed by
111:History of the opera house
87:, Italy, connected to the
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1446:Torino Palasport Olimpico
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1363:Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
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1142:Opera Houses of the World
1112:(London), 28 January 2010
923:Principal guest conductor
858:, vowed never to return.
696:After the composition of
175:Christoph Willibald Gluck
1595:Teatro Flavio Vespasiano
1002:University of Notre Dame
683:Giovanni Battista Rubini
572:conservatories of Naples
271:Teatro San Carlo in 1830
205:Giovanni Antonio Medrano
61:Real Teatro di San Carlo
1622:Teatro Mario Del Monaco
1532:Teatro Alessandro Bonci
1404:Teatro degli Arcimboldi
818:and other composers of
566:(Gioacchino Conti) and
464:Gaetano Donizetti, 1842
456:Gioachino Rossini, 1815
332:sang the title role in
47:View from the royal box
1696:Opera houses in Naples
1691:18th century in Naples
1155:Gubler, Franz (2012).
796:Nicolas-Charles Bochsa
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729:(1838) and the famous
578:Composers in residence
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1330:Music venues in Italy
1286:40.83750°N 14.24944°E
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568:Gian Battista Velluti
538:Johann Christian Bach
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293:Il sogno di Partenope
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183:Johann Christian Bach
125:Teatro San Bartolomeo
117:Charles VII of Naples
93:Piazza del Plebiscito
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1711:Charles III of Spain
1559:Teatro della Fortuna
1063:Beauvert 1985, p. 44
868:Principal conductors
788:Un ballo in maschera
747:, at the San Carlo.
558:(Gaetano Majorano),
476:but also in that of
398:improve this section
181:at the theatre, and
91:and adjacent to the
1550:Teatro Carlo Felice
1420:Teatro di San Carlo
1282: /
732:Lucia di Lammermoor
619:Ricciardo e Zoraide
582:From 1815 to 1822,
360:La Clemenza di Tito
164:Gaetano Grossatesta
1358:Parco della Musica
1291:40.83750; 14.24944
1093:Gubler 2012, p. 56
1081:Gubler 2012, p. 55
1072:Gubler 2012, p. 54
1021:Gubler 2012, p. 52
936:Honorary conductor
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880:Salvatore Accardo
744:Bianca e Fernando
709:Gaetano Donizetti
665:and his daughter
643:La donna del lago
631:Bianca e Falliero
584:Gioachino Rossini
562:(Carlo Broschi),
552:Giovanni Manzuoli
470:Neapolitan School
440:Domenico Cimarosa
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288:Johann Simon Mayr
262:Antonio Niccolini
258:King Ferdinand IV
256:On the orders of
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679:Isabella Colbran
671:Clorinda Corradi
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234:Domenico Barbaia
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179:Clemenza di Tito
160:Angelo Amorevoli
144:Achille in Sciro
79:, is a historic
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1467:Teatro Biondo
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1586:Teatro Regio
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1537:Gabicce Mare
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1517:Other cities
1508:Unipol Arena
1436:Teatro Regio
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1258:(in English)
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1005:. Retrieved
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916:Dan Ettinger
898:Jeffrey Tate
892:Gary Bertini
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776:Luisa Miller
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773:; a second,
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396:Please help
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1289: /
1125:(in French)
942:Zubin Mehta
931:(2010–2011)
912:(2016–2022)
906:(2012–2014)
900:(2005–2010)
894:(2004–2005)
888:(1999–2004)
882:(1993–1995)
876:(1979–1982)
824:Leoncavallo
803:Anna Bishop
800:prima donna
782:Gustavo III
649:Maometto II
595:La gazzetta
478:opera seria
474:opera buffa
213:Louis Spohr
81:opera house
1655:Categories
1277:14°14′58″E
1274:40°50′15″N
1243:0945465815
1183:0810853590
1150:0865659788
962:References
862:Conductors
556:Caffarelli
522:Zingarelli
355:Gramophone
148:Metastasio
1631:La Fenice
1528:Carisport
1498:PalaDozza
1493:Covo Club
1368:Villa Ada
1007:11 August
967:Citations
564:Gizziello
560:Farinelli
526:Gazzaniga
518:Paisiello
385:does not
334:Rigoletto
325:La bohème
129:Scarlatti
121:Carlo VII
101:La Fenice
77:San Carlo
1604:Cocoricò
1600:Riccione
1389:La Scala
950:See also
828:Giordano
723:(1837),
717:(1834),
658:(1822).
646:(1819),
622:(1818),
610:(1817),
604:(1816),
592:(1815),
549:castrati
514:Cimarosa
510:Jommelli
494:Piccinni
298:Stendhal
232:In 1809
136:name day
107:Europe.
97:La Scala
1618:Treviso
1573:Mezzago
1486:Bologna
1460:Palermo
820:verismo
726:Poliuto
698:Zelmira
655:Zelmira
625:Ermione
506:Durante
502:Anfossi
490:Traetta
486:Porpora
406:removed
391:sources
65:Bourbon
1636:Verona
1627:Venice
1609:Rimini
1564:Mantua
1524:Cesena
1413:Naples
1241:
1227:
1195:
1181:
1163:
1148:
830:, and
770:Alzira
607:Armida
524:, and
85:Naples
69:Teatro
1591:Rieti
1582:Parma
1577:Bloom
1546:Genoa
1429:Turin
1377:Milan
1214:Opera
832:Cilea
542:Gluck
534:Haydn
530:Hasse
498:Vinci
315:Verdi
1555:Fano
1336:Rome
1239:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1009:2023
689:and
540:and
389:any
387:cite
191:and
59:The
482:Feo
400:by
290:'s
142:'s
83:in
1657::
1638::
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1593::
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1086:^
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1000:.
975:^
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75:)
73:di
1323:e
1316:t
1309:v
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421:(
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412:(
408:.
394:.
119:(
71:(
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