65:
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101:
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378:, provides another open access fibre to home network, used by multiple ISPs to deliver service. Fibre is run alongside ESB Networks 230 V/400 V LV electricity distribution system, sharing underground ducts and poles, with fibre typically entering premises next to the electricity meter. This, similar to Eir's FTTH network, delivers speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s and is capable of delivery of 10 Gbit/s in the future.
680:
24:
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778:
RTÉ both produces programmes and broadcasts them on television, radio and the
Internet in English and Irish. The radio service began on 1 January 1926, while regular television broadcasts began on 31 December 1961, making RTÉ one of the oldest continuously operating public service broadcasters in the
400:
Meteor and Eir Mobile were the first to launch 4G LTE services in
Ireland on 26 September 2013, followed by Vodafone on 14 October 2013, and Three on 27 January 2014. O2 was due to launch its 4G services later in 2014, but plans were put on hold when its acquisition by Three was approved in May, and
270:
Eir's dominance has reduced and by Q3 2019 operators other than eir accounted for 61% of the Irish fixed voice market retail revenue and 54.7% market share by fixed-line retail and wholesale revenue and 80.9% of the mobile market (excluding mobile broadband and machine-to-machine subscriptions) or
297:
Ireland's telecommunications network is a modern digital system connected by an extensive national fibre optic network with multiple high-capacity fibre optic links to the UK, Continental Europe, North
America and with dedicated capacity on routes to Asia and other parts of the globe. There is an
488:
The original network was taken over by the Irish
Department of Posts and Telegraphs (P&T) from the British Post Office in 1921 and used a mixture of manual and step-by-step automatic exchanges. Development of the network was relatively stagnant with slow rollout of automatic switching using
332:(DWDM) which is capable of delivering up to 320 Gbit/s along a single fibre route. This upgrade also sees Eir's core infrastructure moving to an all-IP network. It has major aggregation nodes at 140 locations around Ireland and onward fibre connections to another 470 central office sites.
717:
Cable systems operate using the DVB-C standard and
Satellite is broadcast using DVB-S/S2. Some areas still carry a range of cable channels in analogue PAL-I format. Although, this is normally just a legacy service provided by default. It is not possible to subscribe to analogue cable as a new
774:
became the first privately owned commercial TV station and it remains the main free-to-air service after RTÉ. Competition also comes from
British public and private terrestrial TV. Satellite and cable TV are widely available. There are also non-commercial community and special interest radio
663:
for its members in
Ireland. The INEX switching centres are located in five secure data centres in Dublin and one in Cork: TeleCity Group in Kilcarbery Park, Dublin 22 & TeleCity Group in Citywest Business Campus, Dublin 24 and Interxion DUB1, and Interxion DUB2 in Park West, and Vodafone
433:
As mobile phone services become more price competitive, more Irish customers are opting to drop landline services. This is reflected by a sharp fall in the number of fixed line channels in use and an equivalent increase in mobile subscriptions. Details are tracked on ComReg's ComStat website
218:
operate in a regulated competitive market that provides customers with a wide array of advanced digital services. This article explores
Ireland's telecommunications infrastructure including: fixed and mobile networks, The voice, data and Internet services, cable television, developments in
769:
sectors in
Ireland. The first commercial radio stations began broadcasting in 1989. Prior to 1989 hundreds of pirate radio stations were a mainstay of radio listener-ship, particularly in Dublin, and a handful of pirate stations continue to operate illegally today. In 1998
713:
Television in
Ireland is broadcast using DVB-T using the common platform specifications defined by NorDig which apply in the Nordic countries and Ireland. Video is encoded using the MPEG4 system. The analogue PAL-I broadcasting system is no longer on air.
501:
facility. ITT Pentaconta crossbar switches, built by CGCT (Compagnie générale de constructions téléphoniques) were also used in some areas. This saw significant improvements to many services, but the network was still quite underdeveloped in rural areas.
363:
which provides speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s down and 100 Mbit/s up. They also provide an extensive vectored VDSL2 based FTTC access network, using the legacy copper network. This offers speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s down and 20 Mbit/s up.
547:
3G services launched in 2004 (Vodafone Ireland) and other networks quickly followed suit, and 4G launched in 2013 (Meteor) and is now available on most networks. Meteor was bought out by Eir in 2005 and eventually rebranded as Eir in 2017.
513:
E10 switches both of which were manufactured at facilities in Ireland. This saw a total transformation of the telephone network with modern automatic and digital services reaching even the most rural parts of Ireland by the mid-1980s.
844:
is required for any address at which there is a television set or device that is not exempt. The annual licence fee is €160. The licence is free to senior citizens (to anyone over the age of 70, some over 66), some
271:
84.4% of total subscriptions. Other operators accounted for 68.6% of retail fixed broadband subscriptions (comprising cable, FTTH, FTTC/VDSL and ADSL) and 57.3% of retail FTTP subscriptions
2110:
1275:"USD PPP for Eircom Next Generation Broadband Basic (512 kbit/s up, 8.2 Mbit/s down) as reported in question 4e, OECD Fixed Broadband basket low 2", OECD Broadband statistics
901:
404:
In 2016, 41.9% of Ireland's mobile subscriptions were using 4G technology. 3G remained the dominant technology with 44.6% share, however, it is likely to be overtaken by 4G in 2017.
2163:
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1011:
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Clonshaugh as well as at CIX, Hollyhill, Cork T23 R68N. The switches are connected by dedicated resilient fibre links. In June 2015 it listed 74 full and 21 associate members.
249:) is the regulator of both public and commercial broadcasting sector in Ireland. It was established on 1 October 2009, replacing the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland (BCI) (
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operators that operate mobile phone services using one of these infrastructure providers' radio networks. The three infrastructure owning networks are
43:
668:
417:
144:
830:. Trial service began on 29 October 2010 with full service to the public from May 2011. Analogue television transmissions ended on 24 October 2012.
1700:
837:. SAORSAT delivers Irish television services to the 1% to 2% of homes that are not covered by the SAORVIEW Digital Terrestrial Television service.
453:
325:. Eir's fibre network is the most extensive covering most parts of the country with 12,000 km of fibre routes (>40,000 km of fibres)
228:
1092:
1627:
151:
1619:
604:. By the end of 2011 Eircom announced that 75% of its working lines would be connected to Next Generation Broadband (NGB) enabled exchanges.
401:
from the time of the merger in 2015, previous O2 customers gained 4G coverage through Three's network, albeit with initial service problems.
3220:
3192:
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These networks can be used by any licensed Irish telecommunications operator to provide commercial or residential end users with products.
133:
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1800:
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925:
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299:
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operates a national FM network and DAB services. However, most independent FM stations own their own broadcasting infrastructure.
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1910:
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world. Some RTÉ services are only funded by advertising, while other RTÉ services are only funded by the television licence fee.
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1997:
1992:
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94 Irish towns and cities also have access to publicly owned, carrier-neutral metropolitan fibre networks managed by Enet.
158:
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938:
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The fixed-line network is now made up of multiple operators using a diverse range of digital technologies including VoIP.
3271:
3204:
3050:
1957:
557:
630:
A typical monthly broadband Internet subscription cost $ 26.02 in 2011, 14% less than the average of $ 30.16 for the 34
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2115:
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597:
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2027:
1987:
1967:
1947:
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883:
641:, the Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, outlined a national broadband plan with goals of:
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Internet users: 3.6 million, 77% of the population, 70th in the world (2011); 3.0 million, 67th in the world (2009)
1321:
2966:
2143:
1962:
382:
746:
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2042:
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2012:
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1038:
868:
823:
122:
1760:
1495:
1053:"MOBILE network Three became the first operator in Ireland to offer 4G service to prepay and billed customers"
277:
remains the largest telecommunications company in Ireland, offering fixed, mobile, and broadband services. As
2986:
2067:
2017:
1977:
1930:
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1915:
1900:
1895:
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1875:
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Retail services using this next-generation access infrastructure are provided by approximately 15 operators.
233:
Telecommunications, including radio frequency spectrum licensing and the postal sector, are regulated by the
3261:
3022:
2919:
2462:
2257:
2229:
2158:
2100:
2062:
2052:
2032:
2022:
2007:
2002:
1982:
1952:
1920:
1905:
1880:
1816:
1340:
614:
FTTC - VDSL up to 100 Mbit/s down 20 Mbit/s up (several providers - vectoring technology is used)
264:
has overall responsibility for national policy and regulation of both telecommunications and broadcasting.
1389:
1149:
3251:
2758:
2198:
2047:
1972:
1942:
1516:
1286:
699:
913:
381:
Ireland has three mobile networks that own and operate their own network infrastructure and a number of
3110:
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1113:
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442:
386:
310:
303:
274:
1744:
1262:
1012:"eircom Group First to Launch 4G Mobile in Ireland | Press Releases | Eircom Press Room"
489:
step-by-step exchanges until after WWII. From 1957 onwards, P&T began to roll out more modern
3080:
3065:
2909:
2860:
2783:
2683:
2361:
2247:
2242:
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833:
SAORSAT is Ireland's national free-to-air digital satellite television service, also operated by
660:
589:
537:
286:
111:
3002:
2788:
2603:
2548:
2543:
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506:
1277:, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, September 2011, updated 18 July 2012
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2495:
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2304:
695:
593:
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70 to 100 Mbit/s broadband service available to at least 50 per cent of the population,
2818:
2778:
2748:
2505:
2440:
2262:
618:
473:
349:
345:
322:
282:
1392:, Irish Statute Book, Office of the Attorney General, Government of Ireland, 12 July 2009
1366:, Internet Service Providers Association of Ireland, 1 August 2012, retrieved 3 March 2013
8:
2828:
2768:
2527:
2489:
2287:
2272:
1622:
758:
626:
Mobile broadband - UMTS (3G) and LTE (4G) services are available from several providers.
78:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
3055:
3012:
2943:
2813:
2743:
2718:
2653:
2500:
2221:
841:
703:
623:
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) - various technologies in use - mostly used in rural areas.
611:
ADSL - up to 24 Mbit/s - (several providers and unbundled services are available.)
278:
3095:
3017:
2931:
2914:
2877:
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2522:
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For residential and small business providers, most major urban areas have access to
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Ireland also has major connections to multiple international fibre optic networks.
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2314:
1363:
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a minimum of 30 Mbit/s available to everyone, no matter how rural or remote.
490:
1719:
2926:
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2733:
2703:
2578:
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846:
510:
360:
250:
242:
1226:"Quarterly Key Data Report Q3 2020 | Commission for Communications Regulation"
1114:"Quarterly Key Data Report Q3 2020 | Commission for Communications Regulation"
1097:. Dublin, Ireland: Commission for Communications Regulation. 2017. p. 60.
726:
302:. However, the fixed-line market is still dominated by the incumbent operator
3286:
3075:
2848:
2838:
2753:
2643:
2638:
2628:
2613:
2435:
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1765:
1655:
1477:
1079:"Three Ireland to extend free 4G for a year – O2 customers to finally get 4G"
771:
438:
390:
1418:
671:(ISPAI) listed 24 Internet access and hosting providers as members in 2012.
267:
The telecommunications market in Ireland was opened to competition in 1998.
2953:
2793:
2738:
2668:
2633:
2568:
2467:
2457:
2309:
1724:
1686:
1347:, Internet Service Providers Association of Ireland, retrieved 3 March 2013
638:
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533:
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762:
219:
next-generation networks and broadcast networks for radio and television.
3153:
2803:
2713:
2698:
2658:
2618:
2477:
1770:
1136:"What is moneyline bet? Which are the best stas and mobile pay websites?"
1253:, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State
648:
at least 40 Mbit/s available to at least a further 20 per cent, and
3158:
2865:
2563:
2472:
2428:
2398:
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1734:
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1318:
734:
461:
314:
3143:
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2423:
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914:
https://www.comreg.ie/industry/electronic-communications/data-portal/
850:
371:
318:
281:, the company was state owned until 1999, when it was floated on the
1456:
1426:
1306:
100:
3138:
3128:
3045:
2870:
2693:
782:
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494:
309:
Several companies operate national fibre optic networks including
3133:
3118:
2336:
1676:
1555:
521:
498:
465:
1337:
879:
List of television channels available in the Republic of Ireland
679:
3163:
3123:
2445:
1496:"SAORVIEW Launches Public Information Campaign | SAORVIEW"
1167:
975:
721:
Radio is broadcast primarily using FM 88-108 MHz. Digital
353:
1201:, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, retrieved 28 February 2013
990:"open eir - connecting Ireland with superfast fibre broadband"
797:
683:
3148:
3085:
2393:
862:
806:
298:
open and competitive telecommunications market regulated by
3090:
1729:
1247:"Ireland: Freedom of Speech and Press and Internet Freedom"
989:
457:
352:
network which provides speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s using
262:
Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment
569:
Fixed broadband subscriptions: 1,506,832 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
1265:, Commission for Communications Regulation, 20 April 2012
1039:"Vodafone's 4G network to go live in Ireland this Monday"
803:
582:
572:
Mobile broadband subscriptions: 323,530 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
529:
237:(ComReg). ComReg was established on 1 December 2002. The
1584:
1551:"Personal Customers / Pay for your TV licence – Ireland"
1376:
1135:
617:
Cable - Speeds of up to 360 Mbit/s - Main provider
505:
Digital switching was introduced in 1980 using Ericsson
423:
Fixed telephone lines in use 1,168,591 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
426:
Mobile cellular telephones: 5,182,682 (Q3 2020, ComReg)
1190:
1188:
1186:
1174:
Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000–2011
659:(INEX) is an industry-owned association that provides
632:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
588:
Broadband Internet access is available in Ireland via
1094:
Irish Communications Market Quarterly Key Data Report
963:
815:
794:
575:
Internet hosts: 1.4 million, 40th in the world (2012)
437:
There are three mobile telecommunications providers:
1579:
800:
1309:, Internet Neutral Exchange, retrieved 3 March 2013
1183:
791:
125:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1328:, Internet Neutral Exchange, retrieved 1 June 2015
1256:
1251:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011
976:"Broadband and Home Phone Bundle Deals | UPC"
669:Internet Service Providers Association of Ireland
456:(Mobile Network Virtual Operators), such as: 48,
418:List of dialling codes in the Republic of Ireland
328:Eir's Next Generation Network upgrade rolled out
3284:
1815:
566:Dial-up subscriptions: 11,437 (Q4 2012 ComStat)
532:services from Eircell launched on 1 July 1993.
359:Open Eir is also in the process of rolling out
229:Television licensing in the Republic of Ireland
134:"Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland"
3293:Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland
2206:
1801:
1605:
1036:
414:Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland
3221:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
902:"Irish telecom market opens to competition"
544:launched its UMTS 3G-only service in 2005.
540:in 2001 (having been licensed in 1998) and
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3257:
2213:
2199:
1808:
1794:
1612:
1598:
1517:"Analogue switch off has finally happened"
1204:
941:. Nextgenerationnetwork.ie. Archived from
520:Ireland's first mobile telephone network,
3298:Communications in the Republic of Ireland
203:Learn how and when to remove this message
185:Learn how and when to remove this message
1585:Commission for Communications Regulation
678:
235:Commission for Communications Regulation
674:
607:Currently available services (Q3 2014)
524:, went live in 1986 using the analogue
3285:
2220:
1543:
1014:. Pressroom.eircom.net. Archived from
493:primarily using equipment supplied by
330:dense wavelength-division multiplexing
2194:
1789:
1593:
1212:"Electronic Communications – Comstat"
1178:International Telecommunication Union
1108:
1106:
1104:
874:List of Irish language radio stations
753:; abbreviated as RTÉ) is a statutory
3267:
1493:
1081:. Siliconrepublic.com. 11 June 2015.
849:recipients, and individuals who are
822:) is Ireland's national free-to-air
123:adding citations to reliable sources
94:
58:
17:
1390:Broadcasting Act 2009 (Section 113)
708:
558:Internet in the Republic of Ireland
407:
13:
1478:"DTT to be launched on 31 October"
1101:
14:
3309:
1580:Broadcasting Authority of Ireland
1573:
1287:"Rabbitte unveils broadband plan"
737:services have been discontinued.
725:is also available in some areas.
292:
255:Coimisiún Craolacháin na hÉireann
239:Broadcasting Authority of Ireland
33:This article has multiple issues.
3266:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3235:
2856:Free-space optical communication
1621:
1195:"Communications :: Ireland"
1037:John Kennedy (10 October 2013).
884:Media of the Republic of Ireland
863:Community Radio Forum of Ireland
787:
578:Internet censorship: None (2011)
99:
63:
22:
1522:
1510:
1487:
1471:
1441:
1411:
1395:
1383:
1369:
1357:"Register of Members (Current)"
1350:
1331:
1312:
1300:
1280:
1268:
1240:
1218:
1142:
1128:
1085:
1071:
1045:
661:IP peering and traffic exchange
110:needs additional citations for
41:or discuss these issues on the
1628:Irish mobile network operators
1030:
1004:
982:
968:
957:
931:
919:
907:
895:
869:Internet censorship in Ireland
824:digital terrestrial television
370:SIRO, a joint venture between
247:Údarás Craolacháin na hÉireann
1:
1817:Telecommunications in Europe
1449:"RTÉ Annual Report 2002 pp10"
1180:, accessed on 19 August 2012.
889:
222:
216:Telecommunications in Ireland
3242:Telecommunication portal
3023:Telecommunications equipment
1530:"Frequently Asked Questions"
1419:"RTÉ Annual Report 2000 pp3"
751:Radio Television of Ireland
7:
2759:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1519:, Saorview, 24 October 2012
1263:"Annual Report 2010 / 2011"
1150:"First Mobile Phone Launch"
856:
700:Cable Television in Ireland
634:(OECD) countries surveyed.
551:
10:
3314:
2463:Telecommunications history
826:(DTT) service operated by
759:public service broadcaster
689:
555:
483:
411:
226:
3230:
3172:
3109:
3071:Public Switched Telephone
3031:
2995:
2952:
2893:
2883:telecommunication circuit
2844:Fiber-optic communication
2827:
2589:Francis Blake (telephone)
2536:
2384:Optical telecommunication
2228:
2172:
2124:
2086:
1823:
1753:
1712:
1699:
1669:
1643:
1634:
1319:"INEX Public Member List"
667:Established in 1998, the
657:Internet Neutral Exchange
72:This article needs to be
2982:Orbital angular-momentum
2419:Satellite communications
2258:Communications satellite
1402:"Ireland profile: Media"
356:cable modem technology.
287:New York Stock Exchanges
2861:Molecular communication
2684:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2513:Undersea telegraph line
2248:Cable protection system
1343:16 January 2013 at the
747:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
581:Top-level domain name:
536:followed in 1997, then
3003:Communication protocol
2789:Charles Sumner Tainter
2604:Walter Houser Brattain
2549:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2357:Information revolution
1866:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1362:24 August 2012 at the
1041:. Siliconrepublic.com.
904:, CNN, 7 December 1998
687:
254:
246:
2977:Polarization-division
2709:Narinder Singh Kapany
2674:Erna Schneider Hoover
2594:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2574:Alexander Graham Bell
2305:online video platform
1324:23 April 2016 at the
729:is also broadcast on
696:Television in Ireland
682:
655:Founded in 1996, the
2819:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2779:Almon Brown Strowger
2749:Charles Grafton Page
2404:Prepaid mobile phone
2332:Electrical telegraph
675:Radio and television
619:Virgin Media Ireland
452:There are also some
346:Virgin Media Ireland
323:Virgin Media Ireland
279:Bord Telecom Éireann
119:improve this article
2769:Johann Philipp Reis
2528:Wireless revolution
2490:The Telephone Cases
2347:Hydraulic telegraph
2087:States with limited
1289:, Mary Minihan and
761:that dominates the
2967:Frequency-division
2944:Telephone exchange
2814:Charles Wheatstone
2744:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2719:Innocenzo Manzetti
2654:Reginald Fessenden
2389:Optical telegraphy
2222:Telecommunications
1703:network operators
1291:Deaglán de Bréadún
1228:. 10 December 2020
1199:The World Factbook
1116:. 10 December 2020
1057:The Evening Herald
1018:on 14 October 2013
916:Comreg Data Portal
842:television licence
755:semi-state company
733:252 kHz (AM)
704:Irish pirate radio
688:
3280:
3279:
3018:Store and forward
3013:Data transmission
2927:Network switching
2878:Transmission line
2724:Guglielmo Marconi
2689:Internet pioneers
2554:Mohamed M. Atalla
2523:Whistled language
2188:
2187:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1695:
1694:
1307:"History of INEX"
1059:. 22 January 2014
491:crossbar switches
429:Country code: 353
213:
212:
205:
195:
194:
187:
169:
93:
92:
56:
3305:
3270:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3111:Notable networks
3101:Wireless network
3041:Cellular network
3033:Types of network
3008:Computer network
2895:Network topology
2809:Thomas A. Watson
2664:Oliver Heaviside
2649:Philo Farnsworth
2624:Daniel Davis Jr.
2599:Charles Bourseul
2559:John Logie Baird
2268:Data compression
2263:Computer network
2215:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2125:Dependencies and
1824:Sovereign states
1810:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1710:
1709:
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692:Radio in Ireland
447:Vodafone Ireland
408:Telephone system
376:Vodafone Ireland
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18:
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2823:
2729:Robert Metcalfe
2584:Tim Berners-Lee
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2352:Information Age
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2189:
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2168:
2126:
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2106:Northern Cyprus
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1998:North Macedonia
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1775:
1749:
1704:
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1701:Mobile virtual
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1408:, 26 March 2012
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1364:Wayback Machine
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1326:Wayback Machine
1317:
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690:Main articles:
677:
637:In August 2012
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554:
497:built at their
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128:
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27:
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5:
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2999:
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2969:
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2962:Space-division
2958:
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2799:Camille Tissot
2796:
2791:
2786:
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2774:Claude Shannon
2771:
2766:
2764:Tivadar Puskás
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2734:Antonio Meucci
2731:
2726:
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2716:
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2706:
2704:Charles K. Kao
2701:
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2679:Harold Hopkins
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2656:
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2579:Emile Berliner
2576:
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2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
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2531:
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2525:
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2518:Videotelephony
2515:
2510:
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2508:
2503:
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2460:
2455:
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2300:Internet video
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2180:European Union
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2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
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2127:other entities
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2073:United Kingdom
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2015:
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1720:An Post Mobile
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1574:External links
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1484:, 4 June 2010]
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945:on 27 May 2013
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354:EuroDOCSIS 3.1
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2987:Code-division
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2972:Time-division
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2898:and switching
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2849:optical fiber
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2839:Coaxial cable
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2754:Radia Perlman
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2644:Lee de Forest
2642:
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2639:Thomas Edison
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2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:Donald Davies
2627:
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2622:
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2617:
2615:
2614:Claude Chappe
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2458:Smoke signals
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2436:Semiconductor
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1537:RTÉNL SAORSAT
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1379:. NorDig.org.
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1338:"About ISPAI"
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2954:Multiplexing
2829:Transmission
2794:Nikola Tesla
2784:Henry Sutton
2739:Samuel Morse
2669:Robert Hooke
2634:Amos Dolbear
2569:John Bardeen
2488:
2468:Telautograph
2372:Mobile phone
2327:Edholm's law
2310:social media
2243:Broadcasting
2116:Transnistria
2078:Vatican City
1935:
1740:Tesco Mobile
1725:Clear Mobile
1560:. Retrieved
1554:
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1500:. Retrieved
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1154:RTÉ Archives
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994:. Retrieved
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117:Please help
112:verification
109:
84:January 2024
81:
73:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
3154:NPL network
2866:Radio waves
2804:Alfred Vail
2714:Hedy Lamarr
2699:Dawon Kahng
2659:Elisha Gray
2619:Yogen Dalal
2544:Nasir Ahmed
2478:Teleprinter
2342:Heliographs
2154:Isle of Man
2089:recognition
2058:Switzerland
1993:Netherlands
1771:Just Mobile
1232:22 February
1120:22 February
727:RTÉ Radio 1
528:system. 2G
3287:Categories
3200:Antarctica
3159:Toasternet
3081:Television
2564:Paul Baran
2496:Television
2480:(teletype)
2473:Telegraphy
2451:transistor
2429:Phryctoria
2399:Photophone
2377:Smartphone
2367:Mass media
2028:San Marino
1988:Montenegro
1968:Luxembourg
1948:Kazakhstan
1851:Azerbaijan
1735:Lycamobile
1494:Saorview.
1463:13 January
1433:13 January
1063:1 February
1022:14 October
992:. Open Eir
939:"NGN Core"
890:References
775:stations.
735:Mediumwave
718:customer.
462:Lycamobile
443:Eir Mobile
412:See also:
387:Eir Mobile
315:BT Ireland
227:See also:
223:Regulation
175:April 2024
145:newspapers
38:improve it
3184:Americas
3173:Locations
3144:Internet2
2905:Bandwidth
2609:Vint Cerf
2506:streaming
2484:Telephone
2424:Semaphore
2315:streaming
2144:Gibraltar
1963:Lithuania
1766:iD Mobile
1637:operators
1502:29 August
978:. Upc.ie.
723:DAB Radio
602:satellite
542:3 Ireland
372:ESB Group
319:ESB Group
44:talk page
3252:Category
3139:Internet
3129:CYCLADES
3046:Ethernet
2996:Concepts
2920:terminal
2871:wireless
2694:Bob Kahn
2537:Pioneers
2362:Internet
2253:Cable TV
2164:Svalbard
2149:Guernsey
2096:Abkhazia
2043:Slovenia
2038:Slovakia
2013:Portugal
1871:Bulgaria
1661:Vodafone
1482:RTÉ News
1406:BBC News
1360:Archived
1341:Archived
1322:Archived
857:See also
783:Saorview
757:and the
731:Longwave
598:wireless
552:Internet
534:Digifone
495:Ericsson
395:Vodafone
3272:Commons
3262:Outline
3215:Oceania
3134:FidoNet
3119:ARPANET
2932:circuit
2501:digital
2230:History
2068:Ukraine
2018:Romania
1978:Moldova
1936:Ireland
1931:Iceland
1926:Hungary
1916:Germany
1911:Georgia
1901:Finland
1896:Estonia
1891:Denmark
1876:Croatia
1861:Belgium
1856:Belarus
1846:Austria
1841:Armenia
1836:Andorra
1831:Albania
1761:eMobile
1713:Current
1705:(MVNOs)
1677:Eircell
1644:Current
1556:An Post
865:(CRAOL)
522:Eircell
511:Alcatel
499:Athlone
484:History
241:(BAI) (
159:scholar
74:updated
3210:Europe
3180:Africa
3164:Usenet
3124:BITNET
3061:Mobile
2937:packet
2446:MOSFET
2441:device
2238:Beacon
2159:Jersey
2101:Kosovo
2063:Turkey
2053:Sweden
2033:Serbia
2023:Russia
2008:Poland
2003:Norway
1983:Monaco
1953:Latvia
1921:Greece
1906:France
1881:Cyprus
1754:Former
1682:Meteor
1670:Former
1457:RTÉ.ie
1427:RTÉ.ie
1159:29 May
949:30 May
926:Eircom
702:, and
600:, and
538:Meteor
393:, and
300:ComReg
161:
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3193:South
3188:North
3149:JANET
3086:Telex
3076:Radio
2915:Nodes
2910:Links
2831:media
2409:Radio
2394:Pager
2322:Drums
2288:video
2283:image
2273:audio
2134:Åland
2048:Spain
1973:Malta
1943:Italy
1656:Three
1562:2 May
1533:(PDF)
1452:(PDF)
1422:(PDF)
851:blind
819:-vyoo
763:radio
594:cable
454:MNVOs
391:Three
283:Irish
251:Irish
243:Irish
166:JSTOR
152:books
3205:Asia
3091:UUCP
3051:ISDN
1730:GoMo
1564:2008
1504:2011
1465:2011
1435:2011
1234:2021
1161:2024
1122:2021
1065:2014
1024:2013
998:2015
964:Enet
951:2013
817:SAIR
765:and
686:logo
526:TACS
509:and
476:and
458:GoMo
445:and
416:and
383:MVNO
374:and
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321:and
285:and
260:The
138:news
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3066:NGN
3056:LAN
2337:Fax
2278:DCT
1651:eir
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828:2RN
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