Television - Knowledge

2584: 1562:, the format that the computer industry had long adopted for computer display monitors, scans every line in sequence, from top to bottom. Progressive scanning, in effect, doubles the amount of data generated for every full screen displayed in comparison to interlaced scanning by painting the screen in one pass in 1/60-second instead of two passes in 1/30-second. The computer industry argued that progressive scanning is superior because it does not "flicker" on the new standard of display devices in the manner of interlaced scanning. It also argued that progressive scanning enables easier connections with the Internet and is more cheaply converted to interlaced formats than vice versa. The film industry also supported progressive scanning because it offered a more efficient means of converting filmed programming into digital formats. For their part, the consumer 18784: 1676:(WebTV) is a term used for programs created by a wide variety of companies and individuals for broadcast on Internet TV. A first patent was filed in 1994 (and extended the following year) for an "intelligent" television system, linked with data processing systems, using a digital or analog network. Apart from being linked to data networks, one key point is its ability to automatically download necessary software routines according to a user's demand and process their needs. Major TV manufacturers announced the production of smart TVs only for middle-end and high-end TVs in 2015. Smart TVs have gotten more affordable compared to when they were first introduced, with 46 million U.S. households having at least one as of 2019. 589:. Since human faces had inadequate contrast to show up on his primitive system, he televised a ventriloquist's dummy named "Stooky Bill," whose painted face had higher contrast, talking and moving. By 26 January 1926, he had demonstrated before members of the Royal Institution the transmission of an image of a face in motion by radio. This is widely regarded as the world's first true public television demonstration, exhibiting light, shade, and detail. Baird's system used the Nipkow disk for both scanning the image and displaying it. A brightly illuminated subject was placed in front of a spinning Nipkow disk set with lenses that swept images across a static photocell. The thallium sulfide (Thalofide) cell, developed by 2697: 976: 1386:) occurred on 8 July 1954. However, during the following ten years, most network broadcasts and nearly all local programming continued to be black-and-white. It was not until the mid-1960s that color sets started selling in large numbers, due in part to the color transition of 1965, in which it was announced that over half of all network prime-time programming would be broadcast in color that fall. The first all-color prime-time season came just one year later. In 1972, the last holdout among daytime network programs converted to color, resulting in the first completely all-color network season. 642:, also pioneered the television. He published an article on "Motion Pictures by Wireless" in 1913, transmitted moving silhouette images for witnesses in December 1923, and on 13 June 1925, publicly demonstrated synchronized transmission of silhouette pictures. In 1925, Jenkins used the Nipkow disk and transmitted the silhouette image of a toy windmill in motion over a distance of 5 miles (8 km), from a naval radio station in Maryland to his laboratory in Washington, D.C., using a lensed disk scanner with a 48-line resolution. He was granted 3367:

signal. Unencrypted channels are known as free-to-air or FTA. In 2009, the global TV market represented 1,217.2 million TV households with at least one TV and total revenues of 268.9 billion EUR (declining 1.2% compared to 2008). North America had the biggest TV revenue market share with 39% followed by Europe (31%), Asia-Pacific (21%), Latin America (8%), and Africa and the Middle East (2%). Globally, the different TV revenue sources are divided into 45–50% TV advertising revenues, 40–45% subscription fees, and 10% public funding.

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lines first, then odd-numbered ones. Interlaced scanning can be regarded as the first video compression model. It was partly developed in the 1940s to double the image resolution to exceed the limitations of television broadcast bandwidth. Another reason for its adoption was to limit the flickering on early CRT screens, whose phosphor-coated screens could only retain the image from the electron scanning gun for a relatively short duration. However, interlaced scanning does not work as efficiently on newer display devices such as

18940: 2239:, a streaming service that allows users to watch live television programs from popular cable or network channels and record shows to stream anywhere, anytime. As of 2017, 28% of US adults cite streaming services as their main means for watching television, and 61% of those ages 18 to 29 cite it as their main method. As of 2018, Netflix is the world's largest streaming TV network and also the world's largest Internet media and entertainment company with 117 million paid subscribers, and by revenue and market cap. In 2020, the 560: 3867: 3102:: this is the terminology rather broadly used to describe secondary programming usages (beyond the original run). It includes secondary runs in the country of the first issue, but also international usage, which may not be managed by the originating producer. In many cases, other companies, television stations, or individuals are engaged to do the syndication work, in other words, to sell the product into the markets they are allowed to sell into by contract from the copyright holders; in most cases, the producers. 1093: 18808: 3399: 18820: 937: 3132: 961:

1923 patent application;, he also divided his original application in 1931. Zworykin was unable or unwilling to introduce evidence of a working model of his tube that was based on his 1923 patent application. In September 1939, after losing an appeal in the courts and being determined to go forward with the commercial manufacturing of television equipment, RCA agreed to pay Farnsworth US$ 1 million over ten years, in addition to license payments, to use his patents.

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non-television services may also be provided through these cables. The abbreviation CATV is sometimes used for cable television in the United States. It originally stood for Community Access Television or Community Antenna Television, from cable television's origins in 1948: in areas where over-the-air reception was limited by distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain, large "community antennas" were constructed, and cable was run from them to individual homes.

1365:, 1957.) The brightness image remained compatible with existing black-and-white television sets at slightly reduced resolution. In contrast, color televisions could decode the extra information in the signal and produce a limited-resolution color display. The higher-resolution black-and-white and lower-resolution color images combine in the brain to produce a seemingly high-resolution color image. The NTSC standard represented a significant technical achievement. 2258: 1917: 1731:

television sets are quite popular for watching 3D home media, such as on Blu-ray discs, 3D programming has largely failed to make inroads with the public. As a result, many 3D television channels that started in the early 2010s were shut down by the mid-2010s. According to DisplaySearch 3D television shipments totaled 41.45 million units in 2012, compared with 24.14 in 2011 and 2.26 in 2010. As of late 2013, the number of 3D TV viewers started to decline.

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force as of 2010. This television license fee is set by the government, but the BBC is not answerable to or controlled by the government. As of 2009 two main BBC TV channels were watched by almost 90% of the population each week and overall had 27% share of total viewing, despite the fact that 85% of homes were multi-channel, with 42% of these having access to 200 free-to-air channels via satellite and another 43% having access to 30 or more channels via

18952: 2424: 1318:" at the time). A demonstration on 16 August 1944 was the first example of a practical color television system. Work on the Telechrome continued, and plans were made to introduce a three-gun version for full color. However, Baird's untimely death in 1946 ended the development of the Telechrome system. Similar concepts were common through the 1940s and 1950s, differing primarily in the way they re-combined the colors generated by the three guns. The 1887: 1757: 18856: 1369: 18868: 18892: 17158: 3564:

narrative breaks intended for more frequent U.S. advertising. Advertisements must not be inserted in the course of certain specific proscribed types of programs that last less than half an hour in scheduled duration; this list includes any news or current affairs programs, documentaries, and programs for children; additionally, advertisements may not be carried in a program designed and broadcast for reception in schools or in any

1516:, a Japanese company, was seen as a pacesetter that threatened to eclipse U.S. electronics companies' technologies. Until June 1990, the Japanese MUSE standard, based on an analog system, was the front-runner among the more than 23 other technical concepts under consideration. Then, a U.S. company, General Instrument, demonstrated the possibility of a digital television signal. This breakthrough was of such significance that the 18880: 684:. (Today's systems typically transmit 30 or 60 frames per second, or one frame every 33.3 or 16.7 milliseconds, respectively.) Television historian Albert Abramson underscored the significance of the Bell Labs demonstration: "It was, in fact, the best demonstration of a mechanical television system ever made to this time. It would be several years before any other system could even begin to compare with it in picture quality." 774: 18844: 909:" in 1931, the U.S. patent for Tihanyi's transmitting tube would not be granted until May 1939. The patent for his receiving tube had been granted the previous October. Both patents had been purchased by RCA prior to their approval. Charge storage remains a basic principle in the design of imaging devices for television to the present day. On 25 December 1926, at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan, Japanese inventor 1133:

Farnsworth Image Dissectors in Philadelphia and San Francisco. In September 1939, RCA agreed to pay the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation royalties over the next ten years for access to Farnsworth's patents. With this historic agreement in place, RCA integrated much of what was best about the Farnsworth Technology into their systems. In 1941, the United States implemented 525-line television. Electrical engineer

17137: 1219: 18832: 431: 17168: 18928: 1357:, which encoded the color information separately from the brightness information and significantly reduced the resolution of the color information to conserve bandwidth. As black-and-white televisions could receive the same transmission and display it in black-and-white, the color system adopted is "compatible." ("Compatible Color," featured in RCA advertisements of the period, is mentioned in the song " 18796: 1613: 51: 18964: 3283: 1314:. Early Telechrome devices used two electron guns aimed at either side of a phosphor plate. The phosphor was patterned so the electrons from the guns only fell on one side of the patterning or the other. Using cyan and magenta phosphors, a reasonable limited-color image could be obtained. He also demonstrated the same system using monochrome signals to produce a 3D image (called " 2330: 933:

demonstration. In 1929, the system was improved further by eliminating a motor generator so that his television system had no mechanical parts. That year, Farnsworth transmitted the first live human images with his system, including a three and a half-inch image of his wife Elma ("Pem") with her eyes closed (possibly due to the bright lighting required).

3221:. There is some crossover between some talk shows and variety shows because leading talk shows often feature performances by bands, singers, comedians, and other performers in between the interview segments. Reality television series "regular" people (i.e., not actors) facing unusual challenges or experiences ranging from arrest by police officers ( 1449:, digital television can support more than one program in the same channel bandwidth. It is an innovative service that represents the most significant evolution in television broadcast technology since color television emerged in the 1950s. Digital television's roots have been tied very closely to the availability of inexpensive, high performance 2086:(DBS), was launched on 30 May 1974. It transmitted at 860 MHz using wideband FM modulation and had two sound channels. The transmissions were focused on the Indian subcontinent, but experimenters were able to receive the signal in Western Europe using home-constructed equipment that drew on UHF television design techniques already in use. 3274:, such as psychological realism, narrative complexity, and ambiguous plotlines. Nonfiction television programs that some television scholars and broadcasting advocacy groups argue are "quality television" include a range of serious, noncommercial programming aimed at a niche audience, such as documentaries and public affairs shows. 742:

steadily improved with technical advances, and by 1933 the UK broadcasts using the Baird system were remarkably clear. A few systems ranging into the 200-line region also went on the air. Two of these were the 180-line system that Compagnie des Compteurs (CDC) installed in Paris in 1935 and the 180-line system that

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stations in small markets and a handful of low-power repeater stations in even smaller markets such as vacation spots. By 1979, even the last of these had converted to color. By the early 1980s, B&W sets had been pushed into niche markets, notably low-power uses, small portable sets, or for use as

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Broadcast programming, or TV listings in the United Kingdom, is the practice of organizing television programs in a schedule, with broadcast automation used to regularly change the scheduling of TV programs to build an audience for a new show, retain that audience, or compete with other broadcasters'

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format until the 1960s, and broadcasts did not start until 1967. By this point, many of the technical issues in the early sets had been worked out, and the spread of color sets in Europe was fairly rapid. By the mid-1970s, the only stations broadcasting in black-and-white were a few high-numbered UHF

1240:, also experimented with color television as early as 1907. The first color television project is claimed by him, and was patented in Germany on 31 March 1908, patent No. 197183, then in Britain, on 1 April 1908, patent No. 7219, in France (patent No. 390326) and in Russia in 1910 (patent No. 17912). 1124:

tubes. Indeed, it represented the European tradition in electronic tubes competing against the American tradition represented by the image orthicon. The German company Heimann produced the Superikonoskop for the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, later Heimann also produced and commercialized it from 1940 to

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On the other hand, in 1934, Zworykin shared some patent rights with the German licensee company Telefunken. The "image iconoscope" ("Superikonoskop" in Germany) was produced as a result of the collaboration. This tube is essentially identical to the super-Emitron. The production and commercialization

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in 1923, he began to develop an electronic camera tube. However, in a 1925 demonstration, the image was dim, had low contrast and poor definition, and was stationary. Zworykin's imaging tube never got beyond the laboratory stage. However, RCA, which acquired the Westinghouse patent, asserted that the

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in March 1926 for a television system he called "Radioskop". After further refinements included in a 1928 patent application, Tihanyi's patent was declared void in Great Britain in 1930, so he applied for patents in the United States. Although his breakthrough would be incorporated into the design of

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designed a television system using fully electronic scanning and display elements and employing the principle of "charge storage" within the scanning (or "camera") tube. The problem of low sensitivity to light resulting in low electrical output from transmitting or "camera" tubes would be solved with

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on its UK channels and is funded by an annual television license paid by the occupiers of premises receiving live telecasts. As of 2012 it was estimated that approximately 26.8 million UK private domestic households owned televisions, with approximately 25 million TV licences in all premises in

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in his company's premises at 133 Long Acre, London. Baird pioneered a variety of 3D television systems using electromechanical and cathode-ray tube techniques. The first 3D television was produced in 1935. The advent of digital television in the 2000s greatly improved 3D television sets. Although 3D

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started in late 2000s. All governments across the world set the deadline for analog shutdown by the 2010s. Initially, the adoption rate was low, as the first digital tuner-equipped television sets were costly. However, as the price of digital-capable television sets dropped, more and more households

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The first practical hybrid system was again pioneered by John Logie Baird. In 1940 he publicly demonstrated a color television combining a traditional black-and-white display with a rotating colored disk. This device was very "deep" but was later improved with a mirror folding the light path into an

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The basic idea of using three monochrome images to produce a color image had been experimented with almost as soon as black-and-white televisions had first been built. Although he gave no practical details, among the earliest published proposals for television was one by Maurice Le Blanc in 1880 for

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The first all-transistor television set was introduced by Sony in 1959 (fig. 386), only four years after their all-transistor radio, and started the transformation of television from something used for communal viewing, as the radio in the 30s had been a focus for communal listening, into an object

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can show an average of only seven minutes of advertising per hour (eight minutes in the peak period). Other broadcasters must average no more than nine minutes (twelve in the peak). This means that many imported TV shows from the U.S. have unnatural pauses where the British company does not use the

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in 1998 for the invention of the DLP projector technology. DLP is used in a variety of display applications, from traditional static displays to interactive displays and also non-traditional embedded applications, including medical, security, and industrial uses. DLP technology is used in DLP front

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demonstrated a TV system with a 40-line resolution that employed a CRT display. This was the first working example of a fully electronic television receiver and Takayanagi's team later made improvements to this system parallel to other television developments. Takayanagi did not apply for a patent.

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In 1928, Baird's company (Baird Television Development Company/Cinema Television) broadcast the first transatlantic television signal between London and New York and the first shore-to-ship transmission. In 1929, he became involved in the first experimental mechanical television service in Germany.

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watches, for which the company paid anywhere from $ 4.00 to $ 9.00 (reports vary), displayed a WNBT test pattern modified to look like a clock with the hands showing the time. The Bulova logo, with the phrase "Bulova Watch Time," was shown in the lower right-hand quadrant of the test pattern while

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of television content via the Internet as opposed to traditional systems like terrestrial, cable, and satellite, although the Internet itself is received by terrestrial, cable, or satellite methods. Internet television is a general term that covers the delivery of television series and other video

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In March 1990, when it became clear that a digital standard was possible, the FCC made several critical decisions. First, the Commission declared that the new ATV standard must be more than an enhanced analog signal but be able to provide a genuine HDTV signal with at least twice the resolution of

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examiner disagreed in a 1935 decision, finding priority of invention for Farnsworth against Zworykin. Farnsworth claimed that Zworykin's 1923 system could not produce an electrical image of the type to challenge his patent. Zworykin received a patent in 1928 for a color transmission version of his

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for the reproducer) marked the start of the end for mechanical systems as the dominant form of television. Mechanical television, despite its inferior image quality and generally smaller picture, would remain the primary television technology until the 1930s. The last mechanical telecasts ended in

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Since inception in the US in 1941, television commercials have become one of the most effective, persuasive, and popular methods of selling products of many sorts, especially consumer goods. During the 1940s and into the 1950s, programs were hosted by single advertisers. This, in turn, gave great

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1937, when the general public could watch on a television set as the King laid a wreath at the Cenotaph. This was the first time that anyone had broadcast a live street scene from cameras installed on the roof of neighboring buildings because neither Farnsworth nor RCA would do the same until the

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Because only a limited number of holes could be made in the disks, and disks beyond a certain diameter became impractical, image resolution on mechanical television broadcasts was relatively low, ranging from about 30 lines up to 120 or so. Nevertheless, the image quality of 30-line transmissions

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Television's broad reach makes it a powerful and attractive medium for advertisers. Many television networks and stations sell blocks of broadcast time to advertisers ("sponsors") to fund their programming. Television advertisements (variously called a television commercial, commercial, or ad in

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Around the world, broadcast television is financed by government, advertising, licensing (a form of tax), subscription, or any combination of these. To protect revenues, subscription television channels are usually encrypted to ensure that only subscribers receive the decryption codes to see the

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and daytime soap operas. Sci-fi series can fall into either the drama or action category, depending on whether they emphasize philosophical questions or high adventure. Comedy is a popular genre that includes situation comedy (sitcom) and animated series for the adult demographic, such as Comedy

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and broadcasters argued that interlaced scanning was the only technology that could transmit the highest quality pictures then (and currently) feasible, i.e., 1,080 lines per picture and 1,920 pixels per line. Broadcasters also favored interlaced scanning because their vast archive of interlaced

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and some public interest groups) over which of the two scanning processes—interlaced or progressive—would be best suited for the newer digital HDTV compatible display devices. Interlaced scanning, which had been specifically designed for older analog CRT display technologies, scans even-numbered

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U.S. television broadcasting, at the time, consisted of a variety of markets in a wide range of sizes, each competing for programming and dominance with separate technology until deals were made and standards agreed upon in 1941. RCA, for example, used only Iconoscopes in the New York area, but

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sensor. The CBS field-sequential color system was partly mechanical, with a disc made of red, blue, and green filters spinning inside the television camera at 1,200 rpm and a similar disc spinning in synchronization in front of the cathode-ray tube inside the receiver set. The system was first

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the introduction of charge-storage technology by Kálmán Tihanyi beginning in 1924. His solution was a camera tube that accumulated and stored electrical charges ("photoelectrons") within the tube throughout each scanning cycle. The device was first described in a patent application he filed in

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in the U.S., detected the light reflected from the subject and converted it into a proportional electrical signal. This was transmitted by AM radio waves to a receiver unit, where the video signal was applied to a neon light behind a second Nipkow disk rotating synchronized with the first. The

4640:"The 'Televisor' – Successful test of a new apparatus," The Times (London), 28 January 1926, p. 9. "First on a receiver in the same room and then on a portable receiver in another room, the visitors were shown recognizable reception of the movements of the dummy head and of a person speaking." 3995:

found that exposure to cable television reduced cognitive ability and high school graduation rates for boys. This effect was stronger for boys from more educated families. The article suggests a mechanism where light television entertainment crowds out more cognitively stimulating activities.

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gave a dramatic demonstration of mechanical television on 7 April 1927. Their reflected-light television system included both small and large viewing screens. The small receiver had a 2-inch-wide by 2.5-inch-high screen (5 by 6 cm). The large receiver had a screen 24 inches wide by

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as an advert) is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization, which conveys a message, typically to market a product or service. Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately owned television networks. The vast majority of

972:" device that he began work on in 1930, and demonstrated in 1931. This small tube could amplify a signal reportedly to the 60th power or better and showed great promise in all fields of electronics. Unfortunately, an issue with the multipactor was that it wore out at an unsatisfactory rate. 1901:

cables. This contrasts with traditional terrestrial television, in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television. In the 2000s, FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone service, and similar

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published in October 1926, Campbell-Swinton also announced the results of some "not very successful experiments" he had conducted with G. M. Minchin and J. C. M. Stanton. They had attempted to generate an electrical signal by projecting an image onto a selenium-coated metal plate that was

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camera tube transmitted its first image, a simple straight line, at his laboratory at 202 Green Street in San Francisco. By 3 September 1928, Farnsworth had developed the system sufficiently to hold a demonstration for the press. This is widely regarded as the first electronic television

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photoelectric cell at the transmitter and an electromagnet controlling an oscillating mirror and a moving prism at the receiver. But his system contained no means of analyzing the spectrum of colors at the transmitting end and could not have worked as he described it. Another inventor,

872:. Both teams successfully transmitted "very faint" images with the original Campbell-Swinton's selenium-coated plate. Although others had experimented with using a cathode-ray tube as a receiver, the concept of using one as a transmitter was novel. The first cathode-ray tube to use a 18916: 2452:

projectors (standalone projection units for classrooms and businesses primarily) but also in private homes; in these cases, the image is projected onto a projection screen. DLP is also used in DLP rear projection television sets and digital signs. It is also used in about 85% of

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With the widespread adoption of cable across the United States in the 1970s and 1980s, terrestrial television broadcasts have been in decline; in 2013 it was estimated that about 7% of US households used an antenna. A slight increase in use began around 2010 due to switchover to

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and transmitted from a specially built mast atop one of the Victorian building's towers. It alternated briefly with Baird's mechanical system in adjoining studios but was more reliable and visibly superior. This was the world's first regular "high-definition" television service.

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The world's first 625-line television standard was designed in the Soviet Union in 1944 and became a national standard in 1946. The first broadcast in 625-line standard occurred in Moscow in 1948. The concept of 625 lines per frame was subsequently implemented in the European

3827:). The broadcast law that governs NHK's funding stipulates that any television equipped to receive NHK is required to pay. The fee is standardized, with discounts for office workers and students who commute, as well as a general discount for residents of Okinawa prefecture. 2274:. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased the popularity of television sets, and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for recorded media in the 1970s, such as 2548:

In 2007, LCD television sets surpassed sales of CRT-based television sets worldwide for the first time, and their sales figures relative to other technologies accelerated. LCD television sets have quickly displaced the only major competitors in the large-screen market, the

5854:'Iconoscope' converts scenes into electrical energy for radio transmission. Fast as a movie camera. Three million tiny photocells 'memorize,' then pass out pictures. Step to home television. Developed in ten years of work by Dr. V.K. Zworykin, who describes it in Chicago. 3110:(FTA) elsewhere. This practice is increasing, however, generally on digital-only FTA channels or with subscriber-only, first-run material appearing on FTA. Unlike the United States, repeat FTA screenings of an FTA network program usually only occur on that network. Also, 3414:, is often used as a metric for television advertisement placement and, consequently, for the rates charged to advertisers to air within a given network, television program, or time of day (called a "daypart"). In many countries, including the United States, television 1497:(MPT) in Japan, where there were plans to develop an "Integrated Network System" service. However, it was not possible to implement such a digital television service practically until the adoption of DCT video compression technology made it possible in the early 1990s. 106:, an improved form of black-and-white television broadcasting became popular in the United Kingdom and the United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing 1003:

to scan slides and film. Ardenne achieved his first transmission of television pictures on 24 December 1933, followed by test runs for a public television service in 1934. The world's first electronically scanned television service then started in Berlin in 1935, the

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demonstrated the world's first color transmission on 3 July 1928, using scanning discs at the transmitting and receiving ends with three spirals of apertures, each spiral with filters of a different primary color, and three light sources at the receiving end, with a

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A television set, also called a television receiver, television, TV set, TV, or "telly," is a device that combines a tuner, display, amplifier, and speakers for the purpose of viewing television and hearing its audio components. Introduced in the late 1920s in

1060:, analyzed how the iconoscope (or Emitron) produced an electronic signal and concluded that its real efficiency was only about 5% of the theoretical maximum. They solved this problem by developing and patenting in 1934 two new camera tubes dubbed 3967:

televisions are "top-heavy and have narrow bases", which means that a small child can easily pull one over. As of 2015, TV tip-overs were responsible for more than 10,000 injuries per year to children in the United States, at a cost of more than

2868:, with the transition occurring between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s. Older programs with a 4:3 aspect ratio are shown in the United States as 4:3, with non-ATSC countries preferring to reduce the horizontal resolution by anamorphically scaling a 1575:

from 1983 until his retirement in 1990, thought that the continued advocacy of interlaced equipment originated from consumer electronics companies that were trying to get back the substantial investments they made in the interlaced technology.

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In 1952 Ibuka toured AT&T's Bell Laboratories in the United States and saw the newly invented transistor. He realized that replacing the large, clumsy vacuum tube with the transistor would make possible smaller, more portable radios and

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North American consumers purchase a new television set on average every seven years, and the average household owns 2.8 televisions. As of 2011, 48 million are sold each year at an average price of $ 460 and size of 38 in (97 cm).

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of the image was reproduced. Baird's disk had 30 holes, producing an image with only 30 scan lines, just enough to recognize a human face. In 1927, Baird transmitted a signal over 438 miles (705 km) of telephone line between London and

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existing television images. (7) Then, to ensure that viewers who did not wish to buy a new digital television set could continue to receive conventional television broadcasts, it dictated that the new ATV standard must be capable of being "

262:(DLP), plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. LEDs are being gradually replaced by OLEDs. Also, major manufacturers have started increasingly producing smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and 2533:(CRTs) of similar display size and are available in much larger sizes (e.g., 90-inch diagonal). When manufacturing costs fell, this combination of features made LCDs practical for television receivers. LCDs come in two types: those using 1116:) in Germany in 1925, two years before Farnsworth did the same in the United States. The image iconoscope (Superikonoskop) became the industrial standard for public broadcasting in Europe from 1936 until 1960, when it was replaced by the 846:

in which he described how "distant electric vision" could be achieved by using a cathode-ray tube, or Braun tube, as both a transmitting and receiving device, he expanded on his vision in a speech given in London in 1911 and reported in

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30 inches high (60 by 75 cm). Both sets could reproduce reasonably accurate, monochromatic, moving images. Along with the pictures, the sets received synchronized sound. The system transmitted images over two paths: first, a

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has enabled viewers to watch pre-recorded material—such as movies—at home on their own time schedule. For many reasons, especially the convenience of remote retrieval, the storage of television and video programming now also occurs on

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gave a public demonstration of a television system using a CRT for both transmission and reception, the first completely electronic television transmission. However, Ardenne had not developed a camera tube, using the CRT instead as a

3490:. The time of the day and popularity of the channel determine how much a TV commercial can cost. For example, it can cost approximately $ 750,000 for a 30-second block of commercial time during the highly popular singing competition 1272:

entirely practical device resembling a large conventional console. However, Baird was unhappy with the design, and, as early as 1944, had commented to a British government committee that a fully electronic device would be better.

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demonstrated a television system with a 40-line resolution that employed a Nipkow disk scanner and CRT display at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan. This prototype is still on display at the Takayanagi Memorial Museum in

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Original run or First run: a producer creates a program of one or multiple episodes and shows it on a station or network that has either paid for the production itself or granted a license by the television producers to do the

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targets or others. The CRT uses an evacuated glass envelope that is large, deep (i.e., long from front screen face to rear end), fairly heavy, and relatively fragile. As a matter of safety, the face is typically made of thick

1804:(FCC) allowed stations to broadcast advertisements beginning in July 1941 but required public service programming commitments as a requirement for a license. By contrast, the United Kingdom chose a different route, imposing a 1632:

between computers, television sets, and set-top boxes. Besides the traditional functions of television sets and set-top boxes provided through traditional Broadcasting media, these devices can also provide Internet TV, online

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refers to receiving television content over the Internet instead of through traditional systems—terrestrial, cable, and satellite. IPTV is one of the emerging Internet television technology standards for television networks.

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The original U.S. iconoscope was noisy, had a high ratio of interference to signal, and ultimately gave disappointing results, especially compared to the high-definition mechanical scanning systems that became available. The

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in Paris on 24 August 1900. Perskyi's paper reviewed the existing electromechanical technologies, mentioning the work of Nipkow and others. However, it was not until 1907 that developments in amplification tube technology by

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Getting TV programming shown to the public can happen in many other ways. After production, the next step is to market and deliver the product to whichever markets are open to using it. This typically happens on two levels:

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modulated the light, and a series of differently angled mirrors attached to the edge of a rotating disc scanned the modulated beam onto the display screen. A separate circuit regulated synchronization. The 8x8

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was a hardware revolution that began with computer monitors in the late 1990s. Most television sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs. Major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT,

12412: 2447:. While the DLP imaging device was invented by Texas Instruments, the first DLP-based projector was introduced by Digital Projection Ltd in 1997. Digital Projection and Texas Instruments were both awarded 968:, and thus was claimed to be much more sensitive than Farnsworth's image dissector. However, Farnsworth had overcome his power issues with his Image Dissector through the invention of a completely unique " 1299:(owned by RCA) made its first field test of color television on 20 February 1941. CBS began daily color field tests on 1 June 1941. These color systems were not compatible with existing black-and-white 13670: 7773: 2151:

refers to the television set which has a built-in operating system. Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is one of the emerging Internet television technology standards for use by television networks.

1027:

also played an important role in early television. His experiments with television (known as telectroescopía at first) began in 1931 and led to a patent for the "trichromatic field sequential system"

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concerns exist, as well, for disassemblers removing copper wiring and other materials from CRTs. Further environmental concerns related to television design and use relate to the devices' increasing

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has many advantages. The article "The Good Things about Television" argues that television can be a very powerful and effective learning tool for children if used wisely. With respect to faith, many

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Pop culture entertainment genres include action-oriented shows such as police, crime, detective dramas, horror, or thriller shows. As well, there are also other variants of the drama genre, such as

9576: 6006: 2557:. In mid 2010s LCDs especially LEDs became, by far, the most widely produced and sold television display type. LCDs also have disadvantages. Other technologies address these weaknesses, including 13685: 12452: 12417: 12347: 11795: 1200:, developed in 1959 and released in 1960. This began the transformation of television viewership from a communal viewing experience to a solitary viewing experience. By 1960, Sony had sold over 4 477:. This was a spinning disk with a spiral pattern of holes, so each hole scanned a line of the image. Although he never built a working model of the system, variations of Nipkow's spinning-disk " 379:." In the 19th century and early 20th century, other "...proposals for the name of a then-hypothetical technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote (1880) and televista (1904)." 12457: 11429: 10781: 8836: 12173: 10791: 3746:. As of June 2021 the licence that funds the advertising-free BBC TV channels cost £159 for a colour TV Licence and £53.50 for a black and white TV Licence (free or reduced for some groups). 1834:. It was popularly known as "WGY Television" after its sister radio station. Later, in 1928, General Electric started a second facility, this one in New York City, which had the call letters 6364: 6337: 6310: 6092: 5533: 1307:

halted the manufacture of television and radio equipment for civilian use from 22 April 1942 to 20 August 1945, limiting any opportunity to introduce color television to the general public.

1068:. The super-Emitron was between ten and fifteen times more sensitive than the original Emitron and iconoscope tubes, and, in some cases, this ratio was considerably greater. It was used for 952:

patent for Farnsworth's 1927 image dissector was written so broadly that it would exclude any other electronic imaging device. Thus, based on Zworykin's 1923 patent application, RCA filed a

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In 1933, RCA introduced an improved camera tube that relied on Tihanyi's charge storage principle. Called the "Iconoscope" by Zworykin, the new tube had a light sensitivity of about 75,000

526:

resolution in this proof-of-concept demonstration was just sufficient to clearly transmit individual letters of the alphabet. An updated image was transmitted "several times" each second.

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or faux relationship with characters from their favorite television shows and movies as a way of deflecting feelings of loneliness and social deprivation. Several studies have found that

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of movies and other content. Major TV manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. Televisions since 2010s mostly use

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Television has played a pivotal role in the socialization of the 20th and 21st centuries. There are many aspects of television that can be addressed, including negative issues such as

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or a form of taxation, which means that advertising plays a lesser role or no role at all. For example, some channels may carry no advertising at all and some very little, including:

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Cable television is a system of broadcasting television programming to paying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables or light pulses through

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proposed a worldwide communications system that would function by means of three satellites equally spaced apart in Earth orbit. This was published in the October 1945 issue of the

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The advent of digital television allowed innovations like smart television sets. A smart television sometimes referred to as a "connected TV" or "hybrid TV," is a television set or

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beam illuminated these subjects. The scanner that produced the beam had a 50-aperture disk. The disc revolved at a rate of 18 frames per second, capturing one frame about every 56

12816: 12665: 12526: 7952: 3572:, being strictly non-commercial, is not allowed to show adverts on television in the U.K., though it has advertising-funded channels abroad. The majority of its budget comes from 5981: 3568:

service or other devotional program or during a formal Royal ceremony or occasion. There also must be clear demarcations in time between the programs and the advertisements. The

1303:, and, as no color television sets were available to the public at this time, viewing of the color field tests was restricted to RCA and CBS engineers and the invited press. The 10551: 1441:

Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of audio and video by digitally processed and multiplexed signals, in contrast to the analog and channel-separated signals used by

438:. This schematic shows the circular paths traced by the holes that may also be square for greater precision. The area of the disk outlined in black displays the region scanned. 13068: 10610: 3547:

The TV regulator oversees TV advertising in the United Kingdom. Its restrictions have applied since the early days of commercially funded TV. Despite this, an early TV mogul,

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beam. These experiments were conducted before March 1914, when Minchin died, but they were later repeated by two different teams in 1937, by H. Miller and J. W. Strange from

102:

Television became available in crude experimental forms in the 1920s, but only after several years of further development was the new technology marketed to consumers. After

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between Zworykin and Farnsworth because Dieckmann and Hell had priority in Germany for the invention of the image dissector, having submitted a patent application for their

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include a broad range of programming types that entertain, inform, and educate viewers. The most expensive entertainment genres to produce are usually dramas and dramatic

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The earliest systems employed a spinning disk to create and reproduce images. These usually had a low resolution and screen size and never became popular with the public.

1866:. All other countries around the world are also in the process of either shutting down analog terrestrial television or switching over to digital terrestrial television. 13715: 13078: 12695: 11046: 10836: 1528:" on different channels. (8) The new ATV standard also allowed the new DTV signal to be based on entirely new design principles. Although incompatible with the existing 9642: 8100: 12407: 11830: 10655: 9518: 9344: 3406:

The effects of television advertising upon the viewing public (and the effects of mass media in general) have been the subject of discourse by philosophers, including

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in 1926. As part of his thesis, on 7 May 1926, he electrically transmitted and then projected near-simultaneous moving images on a 5-square-foot (0.46 m) screen.

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screen used to view images. It has the means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam(s) onto the screen to create the images. The images may represent electrical

1389:

Early color sets were either floor-standing console models or tabletop versions nearly as bulky and heavy, so in practice they remained firmly anchored in one place.

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was similar to Baird's concept but used small pyramids with the phosphors deposited on their outside faces instead of Baird's 3D patterning on a flat surface. The

7861: 5539:. European Patent Office, Patent No. GB313456. Convention date UK application: 1928-06-11, declared void and published: 11 November 1930. Retrieved 25 April 2013. 1252:

to alternate their illumination. Baird also made the world's first color broadcast on 4 February 1938, sending a mechanically scanned 120-line image from Baird's

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content over the Internet by video streaming technology, typically by major traditional television broadcasters. Internet television should not be confused with

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applied in 1932 for a patent for a new device they called "the Emitron", which formed the heart of the cameras they designed for the BBC. On 2 November 1936, a

13418: 13378: 12670: 12655: 11856: 11514: 11354: 10971: 5708: 3213:. Game shows feature contestants answering questions and solving puzzles to win prizes. Talk shows contain interviews with film, television, music, and sports 1453:. It was not until the 1990s that digital television became possible. Digital television was previously not practically possible due to the impractically high 4190: 1982:

type satellites and required the use of large dishes. Consequently, these systems were nicknamed "big dish" systems and were more expensive and less popular.

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First-run programming is increasing on subscription services outside of the United States, but few domestically produced programs are syndicated on domestic

2775:(480×320). For the first years of its existence, YouTube offered only one low-definition resolution of 320x240p at 30fps or less. A standard, consumer-grade 16412: 12685: 12081: 11952: 11835: 11686: 11213: 10966: 10750: 6670: 545:

or "CRT") in the receiver. Moving images were not possible because, in the scanner: "the sensitivity was not enough and the selenium cell was very laggy".

13933: 9580: 7646: 1952:. Satellite television provides a wide range of channels and services, especially to geographic areas without terrestrial television or cable television. 13358: 11580: 10724: 10544: 9863: 9284: 6010: 3217:

and public figures. Variety shows feature a range of musical performers and other entertainers, such as comedians and magicians, introduced by a host or

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on 23 July 1962. The signals were received and broadcast in North American and European countries and watched by over 100 million. Launched in 1962, the

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In France, government-funded channels carry advertisements, yet those who own television sets have to pay an annual tax ("la redevance audiovisuelle").

14101: 14076: 13851: 13665: 13353: 13338: 13193: 12735: 12342: 11565: 10895: 10600: 9448: 3531:, or driving a certain make of car. (This is sometimes very subtle, with shows having vehicles provided by manufacturers for low cost in exchange as a 3391:

television advertisements today consist of brief advertising spots, ranging in length from a few seconds to several minutes (as well as program-length

2924:

A non-standard CEA resolution exists in some countries such as 1440×1080i: 777,600 pixels (~0.78 MP) per field or 1,555,200 pixels (~1.56 MP) per frame

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The direct-broadcast satellite television signals were earlier analog signals and later digital signals, both of which require a compatible receiver.

1421:

screens in lower-cost consumer equipment. By the late 1980s, even these last holdout niche B&W environments had inevitably shifted to color sets.

13473: 12531: 11775: 11585: 11112: 11081: 11021: 9602: 8847: 2964: 6847: 3604:; therefore, the signals are encrypted during the broadcast to ensure that only the paying subscribers have access to the decryption codes to watch 2731:

Low-definition television or LDTV refers to television systems that have a lower screen resolution than standard-definition television systems such

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claims to be the world's oldest television station, tracing its roots to an experimental station founded on 13 January 1928, broadcasting from the

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used it in a paper that he presented in French at the first International Congress of Electricity, which ran from 18 to 25 August 1900 during the

13816: 13690: 13368: 13183: 13163: 13048: 12893: 12857: 12710: 12432: 12367: 11785: 11616: 11454: 11384: 10956: 8096: 7759: 5648: 2282:, which enabled viewers to record TV shows and watch prerecorded movies. In the subsequent decades, Television sets were used to watch DVDs and 2058:

and nicknamed "Early Bird", was launched into geosynchronous orbit on 6 April 1965. The first national network of television satellites, called

1842:. The two stations were experimental and had no regular programming, as receivers were operated by engineers within the company. The image of a 1326:

used three layers of phosphor on top of each other and increased the power of the beam to reach the upper layers when drawing those colors. The

1268:, amplifiers, glow-tubes, and color filters, with a series of mirrors to superimpose the red, green, and blue images into one full-color image. 18132: 13398: 13333: 13178: 13123: 13053: 12427: 12402: 11494: 11449: 11303: 11288: 11228: 11218: 11107: 10719: 10615: 10537: 7471: 3963:

television that falls on a child will, because of its weight, hit with the equivalent force of falling multiple stories from a building. Newer

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Some television programs also deliberately place products into their shows as advertisements, a practice started in feature films and known as

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doll rotating on a turntable was broadcast for 2 hours every day for several years as engineers tested new technology. On 2 November 1936, the

8788: 3551:, likened the broadcasting license as being a "license to print money". Restrictions mean that the big three national commercial TV channels: 2979:

of at least 16:9 and at least one digital input capable of carrying and presenting natural video at a minimum resolution of 3840×2160 pixels.

13508: 13218: 13088: 13008: 12958: 12750: 11334: 10625: 4912: 4548:"How the World's First Wireless News-Picture Was Flashed Across the Atlantic Ocean, Paris get President Harding's portrait in twenty minutes" 10037: 2861:. However, in other parts of the world that used the PAL or SECAM color systems, standard-definition television is now usually shown with a 2097:

1, was launched on 26 October 1976. It used a 714 MHz UHF downlink frequency so that the transmissions could be received with existing

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at far lower rates. In recent years, paid programs or infomercials have become common, usually in lengths of 30 minutes or one hour. Some

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brightness of the neon lamp was varied in proportion to the brightness of each spot on the image. As each hole in the disk passed by, one

18170: 13660: 13098: 12968: 12903: 12888: 12852: 12770: 12725: 12610: 12477: 12392: 12337: 12213: 12188: 12107: 12045: 11840: 11825: 11800: 11770: 11656: 11606: 11504: 11464: 11359: 11313: 11091: 11026: 10926: 10640: 10580: 10253: 8019: 4989: 4824: 3395:). Advertisements of this sort have been used to promote a wide variety of goods, services, and ideas since the beginning of television. 2566: 14034: 7883: 7667: 6914: 296:

to digital television was expected to be completed worldwide by the late 2010s. A standard television set consists of multiple internal

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In 1972, sales of color sets finally surpassed sales of black-and-white sets. Color broadcasting in Europe was not standardized on the

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had been developing a mirror drum-based television, starting with 16 lines resolution in 1925, then 32 lines, and eventually 64 using

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Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation in DVB satellite transmission systems

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The first official, paid television advertisement was broadcast in the United States on 1 July 1941, over New York station WNBT (now

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created a system that used a mechanical mirror-drum scanner to transmit, in Zworykin's words, "very crude images" over wires to the "

9164: 6276: 3884:. Current research is discovering that individuals suffering from social isolation can employ television to create what is termed a 15817: 15741: 15685: 15644: 14116: 13846: 13831: 13373: 13308: 12963: 12908: 12878: 12580: 12372: 12193: 11780: 11590: 11484: 11444: 11414: 11318: 11249: 11223: 11193: 11066: 11041: 10991: 10986: 10776: 10729: 10670: 5490: 505:

The first demonstration of the live transmission of images was by Georges Rignoux and A. Fournier in Paris in 1909. A matrix of 64

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broadcasts, which offered pristine image quality over very large areas, and offered an alternative to cable television (CATV) for

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employed the Nipkow disk in his prototype video systems. On 25 March 1925, Baird gave the first public demonstration of televised

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Philo Farnsworth gave the world's first public demonstration of an all-electronic television system, using a live camera, at the

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By 1927 Theremin had achieved an image of 100 lines, a resolution that was not surpassed until May 1932 by RCA, with 120 lines.

18395: 17924: 17114: 15272: 14643: 13821: 13493: 13388: 13273: 13228: 13133: 13118: 12918: 12760: 12635: 12306: 12040: 11968: 11459: 11233: 11076: 11061: 11051: 10916: 10760: 8211: 3782: 3422:. In other countries, such as France, political advertising on television is heavily restricted, while some countries, such as 1509: 9526: 7528: 7132:

Western technology and Soviet economic development: 1945 to 1965, by Antony C. Sutton, Business & Economics – 1973, p. 330

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started converting to digital television sets. The transition is expected to be completed worldwide by the mid to late 2010s.

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television introduced in 1967. These developments made watching color television a more flexible and convenient proposition.

9514: 6585: 3233:). A derived version of reality shows depicts celebrities doing mundane activities such as going about their everyday life ( 15731: 15667: 14106: 13866: 13841: 13628: 13568: 13518: 13513: 13438: 13393: 13348: 13303: 13028: 13018: 13013: 12923: 12883: 12795: 12605: 12311: 12239: 12163: 11861: 11434: 11364: 11298: 11203: 11198: 11036: 11031: 10941: 10806: 10745: 10585: 9245: 7172: 7075: 5768: 4502: 4482: 2596: 2243:

had a strong impact in the television streaming business with the lifestyle changes such as staying at home and lockdowns.

16246: 10146: 7921: 6554: 3539:, or music from a certain artist or group, is used. (This excludes guest appearances by artists who perform on the show.) 18410: 17705: 17171: 17104: 16950: 14111: 14071: 13705: 13588: 13558: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13298: 13253: 13158: 12953: 12765: 12745: 12740: 12705: 12645: 12249: 12122: 12117: 12086: 11479: 11349: 10755: 9479: 9039: 8873: 8668: 7624: 7151: 4414: 3750: 3629: 2646: 2610:

is situated between two electrodes. Generally, at least one of these electrodes is transparent. OLEDs are used to create

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is a term used for programs created by a wide variety of companies and individuals for broadcast on Internet television.

365:

version of the term is first attested in 1907, when it was still "...a theoretical system to transmit moving images over

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Television was still in its experimental phase in 1928, but the medium's potential to sell goods was already predicted.

4274: 2401:, a varying magnetic field generated by coils and driven by electronic circuits around the neck of the tube, although 1192:

made of transistors would lead to smaller and more portable television sets. The first fully transistorized, portable

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used during the black-and-white era before 1970. It was displayed when a television station first signed on every day.

947:

Meanwhile, Vladimir Zworykin also experimented with the cathode-ray tube to create and show images. While working for

921:

made the first CRTs to last 1,000 hours of use, one of the factors that led to the widespread adoption of television.

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Miller, H. & Strange. J. W. (2 May 1938). "The electrical reproduction of images by the photoconductive effect".

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stations. The first commercial North American satellite to carry television transmissions was Canada's geostationary

1801: 1517: 1382: 1289: 7394:

National Television System Committee (1951–1953), , 17 v. illus., diagrams., tables. 28 cm. LC Control No.:54021386

5712: 5265: 4194: 669:. Comparing the two transmission methods, viewers noted no difference in quality. Subjects of the telecast included 19009: 18415: 18377: 18297: 17802: 17700: 16755: 16303: 16105: 15592: 14096: 13238: 13173: 13153: 13143: 13083: 12575: 10921: 9257: 9233: 7994: 6902: 6425: 5270:. The Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) (History of Technology Series 22) in association with . p. 123. 4079: 3734: 2972: 2942: 2705: 2701: 1809: 1726:

without the need for glasses. Stereoscopic 3D television was demonstrated for the first time on 10 August 1928, by

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announced on 17 October 2012 that "Ultra High Definition," or "Ultra HD," would be used for displays that have an

1227:

a color system, including the first mentions in television literature of line and frame scanning. Polish inventor

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CBS began experimental color field tests using film as early as 28 August 1940 and live cameras by 12 November.

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in the 1950s, networks shifted to the magazine concept, introducing advertising breaks with other advertisers.

2891: 2846: 2788: 2713: 2439:. Some DLPs have a TV tuner, which makes them a type of TV display. It was originally developed in 1987 by Dr. 1859: 1490: 1472: 1358: 167: 9935: 9867: 9281: 2661:

backplane to switch each individual pixel on or off but allow for higher resolution and larger display sizes.

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became the foundation of 20th century television. In 1906 the Germans Max Dieckmann and Gustav Glage produced

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was mock-outraged at this, saying, "That's what we do!" and calling it a new form of television, "infoganda."

3209:

The least expensive forms of entertainment programming genres are game shows, talk shows, variety shows, and

1986: 1937: 1793: 1579: 1436: 1338: 1078: 790:

was able, in his three well-known experiments, to deflect cathode rays, a fundamental function of the modern

490: 355: 293: 15677: 15659: 9666:"Australian governments have a long history of trying to manipulate the ABC – and it's unlikely to stop now" 9456: 6965: 1520:

was persuaded to delay its decision on an ATV standard until a digitally-based standard could be developed.

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systems for still photographs pioneered methods of mechanical scanning of images in the early 19th century.

19074: 19019: 18848: 18211: 17980: 17936: 17932: 17920: 17916: 17912: 17908: 17161: 16922: 16819: 16362: 16157: 16129: 16038: 15875: 15789: 14955: 13892: 9828: 8614: 7556: 5828: 5775:. Patent No. 2022450, U.S. Patent Office. Filed 1923-12-29, issued 26 November 1935. Retrieved 10 May 2010. 5756:. Patent No. 1691324, U.S. Patent Office. Filed 1925-07-13, issued 13 November 1928. Retrieved 28 July 2009 4332: 4089: 4059: 3857: 2767:

respectively). The current generation of iPod Nanos has LDTV screens, as do the first three generations of

2739:. The most common source of LDTV programming is the Internet, where mass distribution of higher-resolution 2558: 2385:, the entire front area of the tube is scanned repetitively and systematically in a fixed pattern called a 2221: 2120: 1660: 1602: 948: 15463: 9609: 9554: 19059: 19039: 19024: 19004: 18999: 18994: 18989: 18800: 18746: 18290: 17795: 17776: 17197: 17151: 16658: 16098: 15066: 14927: 14431: 13964: 13902: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11631: 11626: 11570: 9914: 8378: 8359: 7595: 6839: 4104: 4084: 3928: 3920: 3241: 2947:

Ultra-high-definition television (also known as Super Hi-Vision, Ultra HD television, UltraHD, UHDTV, or

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Fictional television programs that some television scholars and broadcasting advocacy groups argue are "

1854:

in north London. It therefore claims to be the birthplace of television broadcasting as we now know it.

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used a set of focusing wires to select the colored phosphors arranged in vertical stripes on the tube.

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telecasts in 1936, though the mechanical system did not scan the televised scene directly. Instead, a

110:. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the U.S. and most other developed countries. 18944: 17900: 17447: 16782: 16743: 16588: 16488: 16417: 16350: 16177: 16017: 15906: 15551: 15546: 15536: 15362: 14963: 14871: 13995: 12675: 12301: 12296: 10459:

We, the Media: Pedagogic Intrusions into US Mainstream Film and Television News Broadcasting Rhetoric

9851: 9724: 9216: 9138: 8333: 6242: 5950: 4933:

Lehrer, Norman H. (1985). "The Challenge of the Cathode-Ray Tube". In Tannas, Lawrence E. Jr. (ed.).

3753:'s television services in Australia carry no advertising by external sources; it is banned under the 3712: 2726: 2650: 2270:

form, television sets became a popular consumer product after World War II in electronic form, using

2208: 1699: 1629: 1009: 1005: 881: 751: 446: 350: 'sight'. The first documented usage of the term dates back to 1900, when the Russian scientist 17: 280:

the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively, television signals are distributed by

19054: 18956: 18033: 17895: 17832: 17141: 16383: 16318: 16271: 16231: 15926: 15357: 14154: 13907: 12826: 9910: 9383: 7562: 7475: 7006: 4069: 3959:

Children, especially those aged five or younger, are at risk of injury from falling televisions. A

3446:

the second hand swept around the dial for one minute. The first TV ad broadcast in the U.K. was on

3376: 2759:

use LDTV video, as higher-resolution files would be excessive to the needs of their small screens (

2654: 2418: 2402: 1765: 1715: 1096: 259: 14757: 10529: 9384:"The American Experience | People & Events | The Aftermath of the Quiz Show Scandal" 5098: 288:

systems, and, since the 2000s, via the Internet. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as

237:(CRT) screen displays with compact, energy-efficient, flat-panel alternative technologies such as 19084: 18653: 17852: 17657: 17606: 17467: 17462: 16980: 16965: 16809: 16760: 16683: 16583: 16261: 16147: 16142: 14791: 14781: 14451: 13990: 13800: 12009: 10846: 10247:"The Rise of the Machines: A Review of Energy Using Products in the Home from the 1970s to Today" 10019: 9965: 9939: 9191: 8433:(Press release). Springfield Virginia: U.S. Joint Publications Research Service. 1970. p. 60 7412: 5369:

Iams, H. & Rose, A. (August 1937). "Television Pickup Tubes with Cathode-Ray Beam Scanning".

3944: 3936: 3893: 3192:. However, other genres, such as historical Western genres, may also have high production costs. 2287: 2044: 2040:

satellite was the first satellite to transmit television signals from the US to Japan. The first

2020: 1979: 1971: 1929: 1193: 653: 639: 246: 150: 15726: 8815: 7737: 4913:"Ueber ein Verfahren zur Demonstration und zum Studium des zeitlichen Verlaufs variabler Ströme" 4220: 2676:(LCD). In low ambient light conditions such as a dark room, an OLED screen can achieve a higher 1932:. The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic reflector antenna, usually referred to as a 269:

Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered

19049: 18860: 18623: 18592: 18572: 18532: 18337: 17958: 17905: 17318: 17190: 16902: 16688: 16503: 16448: 16443: 16256: 16221: 16048: 15402: 15059: 14827: 14572: 14562: 11122: 9803:"International Public Broadcasting: A Missed Opportunity For Projecting Australia's Soft Power" 8917: 8579: 4746: 3897: 3889: 3885: 3861: 3757:, which also ensures its editorial independence. The ABC receives most of its funding from the 3738: 3565: 3509: 3411: 2817:

system. SDTV is a television system that uses a resolution that is not considered to be either

2673: 2562: 2522: 2508: 1925: 1893:

is used to carry cable television signals into cathode-ray tube and flat-panel television sets.

1850:

began transmitting the world's first public regular high-definition service from the Victorian

1789: 1781: 1745: 442: 332: 273: 238: 10368: 8986: 8296: 8238: 8178: 7447: 7274: 6032: 4993: 4842: 4819: 1535:

The last standards adopted by the FCC did not require a single standard for scanning formats,

397:

is more common in the UK. The slang term "the tube" or the "boob tube" derives from the bulky

19029: 18557: 18430: 18425: 17667: 16804: 16608: 16573: 16493: 16473: 16395: 16283: 16204: 16033: 15880: 15870: 15860: 15718: 15423: 14629: 14567: 14396: 14319: 10346: 10067:

Bernard, Philip A.; Johnston, Carden; Curtis, Scott E.; King, William D. (1 September 1998).

8768: 7660: 7069: 7000: 6912: 4938: 4717: 4547: 4145: 3836: 3786: 3758: 3577: 3438: 3099: 2623: 2607: 2267: 2187: 1454: 1249: 877: 743: 670: 510: 425: 414: 72: 16137: 9331: 8913:"Streaming Consumption Rises In U.S. Markets with Early Stay-at-Home Orders During COVID-19" 8133: 7936: 7685: 7498: 7192:. Previous color television demonstrations in the U.K. and U.S. had been via closed circuit. 4751: 3512:

and other businesses have even created "news" items for broadcast, known in the industry as

3270:. Kristin Thompson argues that some of these television series exhibit traits also found in 1959:(DBSTV), also known as "direct to home" (DTH). In DBSTV systems, signals are relayed from a 1088:

Ad for the beginning of experimental television broadcasting in New York City by RCA in 1939

18824: 18732: 18688: 18658: 18420: 18327: 18256: 18076: 17616: 16718: 16678: 16648: 16405: 16340: 16162: 16068: 16028: 15751: 15397: 15321: 15020: 14722: 12321: 10073: 8488: 8244: 6966:"Sony Founder Masaru Ibuka's New Year's Dream Comes True: The Launch of Sony's TV Business" 5343: 5306: 5228: 5113: 5061: 4592: 3932: 3527:. For example, a character could be drinking a certain kind of soda, going to a particular 3415: 3218: 2976: 2865: 2756: 2658: 2592: 2202: 2131: 2110: 1970:

wavelength and are completely digital. Satellite TV systems formerly used systems known as

1911: 1777: 1638: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1540: 1501: 1334: 1304: 1069: 666: 646:

No. 1,544,156 (Transmitting Pictures over Wireless) on 30 June 1925 (filed 13 March 1922).

538: 534: 466: 285: 9361: 6818: 6620: 813:-coated screen. Braun was the first to conceive the use of a CRT as a display device. The 210:

has increased the availability of television programs and movies via the Internet through

8: 18984: 18751: 18727: 18552: 18455: 18440: 18362: 18332: 18261: 17842: 17751: 17437: 17351: 16728: 16668: 16427: 16389: 16187: 16172: 16023: 15614: 14922: 14866: 14822: 14729: 14610: 14334: 14275: 13363: 13043: 12847: 12203: 10352:

Everything Bad is Good for You: How Today's Popular Culture Is Actually Making Us Smarter

10046: 8155: 4795: 4016: 3797:, which broadcasts throughout the Asia-Pacific region, receives additional funds through 3774: 3692: 3007: 2956: 2952: 2736: 2599: 2067: 2026:

The first satellite television signals from Europe to North America were relayed via the

1940:(LNB). A satellite receiver then decodes the desired television program for viewing on a 1719: 1668: 1598: 1276: 1189: 1146: 1000: 995: 979: 953: 892: 727: 677: 390:" dates from 1941. The use of the term to mean "television as a medium" dates from 1927. 207: 84: 42: 17563: 6515: 5488: 5347: 5310: 5232: 5117: 5065: 4596: 3504:, such as early mornings and weekday afternoons, are often sold in bulk to producers of 691:, then W2XB, was started as the world's first television station. It broadcast from the 18812: 18705: 18678: 18597: 17730: 17672: 17596: 17508: 17498: 17421: 17335: 17313: 17227: 16955: 16912: 16843: 16713: 16643: 16618: 16553: 16400: 16121: 15850: 15477: 15035: 15003: 14710: 14525: 14466: 14349: 13790: 13443: 12630: 12208: 11726: 11721: 10679: 10228: 10186: 10164: 10092: 8710: 8645: 7030: 6937: 6494: 6127: 5746: 5386: 5246: 5131: 5079: 4419: 4114: 3983: 3964: 3621: 3573: 3513: 3480: 3419: 3255: 3210: 2649:

or LEC, which has a slightly different mode of operation. OLED displays can use either

2478:

common to large television displays 30 inches (76 cm) or larger. They are called "

2475: 2059: 2016: 1805: 1797: 1761: 1458: 1430: 1253: 1154: 1016: 969: 910: 722: 482: 450: 351: 297: 215: 163: 92: 69: 54: 15256: 10801: 9091: 7349: 4391: 91:

for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports. The medium is capable of more than "

18908: 18372: 18357: 18231: 18056: 18018: 18005: 17710: 17528: 17503: 17416: 17323: 17303: 17267: 17247: 17232: 16995: 16917: 16831: 16814: 16777: 16623: 16453: 16422: 16288: 16182: 15916: 15865: 15347: 15105: 15040: 15008: 14995: 14978: 14945: 14915: 14905: 14900: 14842: 14817: 14808: 14700: 14688: 14483: 14426: 14238: 14221: 12620: 11676: 11409: 11142: 10480: 10462: 10440: 10425: 10404: 10373: 10356: 10336: 10287: 10220: 10212: 10204: 10116: 10108: 10100: 9969: 9890: 9428: 8990: 8979: 8510: 8302: 8248: 8184: 7953:"3D TV falls further out of favour as Sky omits Premier League matches from schedule" 7753: 7508: 7451: 7436: 7366: 7116: 7079: 7044: 7010: 6941: 6753: 6732: 6708: 6523: 6431: 6397: 6282: 6248: 6211: 6177: 6153: 6053: 5933: 5912: 5891: 5870: 5836: 5810: 5789: 5730: 5355: 5271: 5195: 4950: 4915:(On a process for the display and study of the course in time of variable currents), 4848: 4777: 4721: 4710: 4610: 4555: 4529: 4438: 4040: 4020: 4008: 3770: 3639: 3609: 3532: 3524: 3455: 3229: 3115: 3111: 3085: 2444: 2240: 2158:

Traditional cable and satellite television providers began to offer services such as

1634: 1544: 1442: 1261: 1121: 1117: 987: 940: 768: 458: 289: 166:

transmissions greatly increased in popularity. Another development was the move from

16663: 8952: 8215: 7587: 7407: 7189: 6124:

Patent No. 2,077,422 (filed in Great Britain 1932, filed in USA 1933, patented 1937)

5390: 3150: 1556:, for example, which are better suited to a more frequent progressive refresh rate. 1084: 603:. Baird's original 'televisor' now resides in the Science Museum, South Kensington. 18872: 18741: 18638: 18478: 18347: 18114: 18043: 17885: 17756: 17725: 17678: 17621: 17586: 17558: 17533: 17477: 17411: 17257: 17242: 17000: 16960: 16940: 16907: 16836: 16794: 16708: 16563: 16548: 16523: 16498: 16458: 16308: 16167: 16152: 16063: 15528: 15486: 14895: 14885: 14705: 14510: 14344: 14324: 14299: 14191: 13023: 12625: 10826: 10321: 10232: 10194: 10178: 10082: 5635: 5378: 5351: 5314: 5297: 5250: 5236: 5135: 5121: 5083: 5069: 4942: 4600: 4094: 4012: 4000: 3960: 3842: 3552: 3528: 3517: 3447: 3434: 3407: 3383: 3223: 3185: 3081: 2887: 2798: 2603: 2530: 2496: 2479: 2382: 2362: 2324: 2271: 2148: 2116: 2006: 1949: 1875: 1851: 1823: 1727: 1691: 1592: 1446: 1390: 1257: 1244: 1237: 1213: 1044: 1028: 925: 885: 855: 842: 791: 755: 712: 692: 627:

television. Baird's mechanical system reached a peak of 240 lines of resolution on

624: 616: 574: 563: 559: 542: 454: 398: 281: 234: 203: 187: 175: 126: 17371: 13969: 8276:"The 1945 Proposal by Arthur C. Clarke for Geostationary Satellite Communications" 8066: 7308: 7071:

Evolution of Supply Chain Management: Symbiosis of Adaptive Value Networks and ICT

4251:"LG Electronics expects the OLED TV market to gradually replace the LED TV market" 3866: 2397:

as a reference. In all modern CRT monitors and televisions, the beams are bent by

829:

to form a picture. He managed to display simple geometric shapes onto the screen.

730:, Hamamatsu Campus. His research in creating a production model was halted by the 549: 30:

This article is about the telecommunication medium. For the appliance itself, see

18968: 18698: 18693: 18673: 18663: 18618: 18602: 18577: 18527: 18483: 18435: 18352: 18342: 18266: 18216: 18094: 18028: 17985: 17890: 17766: 17631: 17601: 17553: 17330: 16628: 16483: 16251: 16226: 16214: 16058: 15890: 14786: 14742: 14683: 14589: 14584: 14493: 14421: 14329: 14309: 10510: 10317: 10300: 10182: 9886: 9835: 9772: 9522: 9288: 9013: 8669:"Comcast Aims at 'Cord-Nevers' with $ 15 HBO, Basic TV Internet-Streaming Bundle" 8453: 8430: 8054: 8031: 7647:"What's the Difference between "Interlaced" and "Progressive" Video? – ISF Forum" 7504: 7315: 7222:

Peter C. Goldmark, assignor to Columbia Broadcasting System, "Color Television",

7176: 7169: 7034: 6931: 6918: 6851: 5772: 5765: 5753: 5678: 5494: 4828: 4506: 3948: 3487: 3387: 3247: 3154: 3077: 3027: 2744: 2611: 2486: 2432: 2179: 1827: 1723: 1645: 1642: 1362: 1342: 1300: 1165: 1161: 1129:

produced and commercialized the image iconoscope and multicon from 1952 to 1958.

1057: 1036: 929: 918: 795: 777: 696: 649: 270: 242: 211: 155: 8556: 8509:

Long Distance Television Reception (TV-DX) For the Enthusiast, Roger W. Bunney,

8408: 7098:

M. Le Blanc, "Etude sur la transmission électrique des impressions lumineuses",

4946: 4499: 2948: 1310:

As early as 1940, Baird had started work on a fully electronic system he called

57:

television receivers on display for sale at a consumer electronics store in 2008

18932: 18884: 18788: 18683: 18668: 18633: 18562: 18542: 18517: 18502: 18405: 18127: 18089: 18051: 17966: 17591: 17573: 17538: 17493: 17472: 17356: 16826: 16698: 16673: 16633: 16603: 16478: 16313: 16266: 16241: 16199: 16013: 16008: 15911: 15839: 15827: 15622: 15326: 14950: 14796: 14747: 14733: 14605: 14557: 14547: 14537: 14520: 14498: 14354: 14314: 14304: 14282: 14211: 14177: 12831: 10472: 9807: 9409: 9113: 8751:"About 6 in 10 young adults in U.S. primarily use online streaming to watch TV" 6562: 6519:

Design methodology and relationships with science, Número 71 de NATO ASI series

5985: 5464: 5382: 4054: 4003:

and the rapid diffusion of new flat-panel display technologies, some of which (

3881: 3762: 3719: 3661: 3605: 3560: 3017: 2747:

and take too long to download. Many mobile phones and portable devices such as

2677: 2615: 2550: 2526: 2465: 2453: 2440: 2390: 2299: 2252: 2167: 2166:, another satellite television provider, launched their own streaming service, 2152: 2124: 2090: 2066:

in October 1967, and was based on the principle of using the highly elliptical

2041: 2031: 2011: 2002: 1941: 1933: 1711: 1673: 1606: 1532:

standard, the new DTV standard would be able to incorporate many improvements.

1406: 1405:. The first fully transistorized color television in the United States was the 1346: 1228: 1150: 1134: 1092: 673: 402: 387: 370: 343: 305: 254: 107: 96: 80: 31: 13897: 8237:

Campbell, Richard; Martin, Christopher R.; Fabos, Bettina (23 February 2011).

7335:

3 June 1942, p. 4. "WPB Cancels 210 Controls; Radios, Trucks in Full Output",

7223: 7155: 6070: 5570: 5549: 5163: 2779:

can be considered SDTV due to its resolution (approximately 360 × 480i/576i).

1539:, or lines of resolution. This compromise resulted from a dispute between the 573:

By the 1920s, when amplification made television practical, Scottish inventor

18978: 18896: 18836: 18537: 18488: 18367: 18155: 18023: 17990: 17662: 17641: 17237: 17213: 16975: 16748: 16738: 16653: 16543: 16538: 16528: 16513: 16335: 16194: 15835: 15700: 15602: 15597: 15252: 15212: 15208: 15204: 15200: 15196: 15192: 15188: 15184: 15180: 15140: 15122: 14678: 14668: 14446: 14369: 14359: 14243: 14228: 12198: 11132: 11127: 10437:

The Last Lone Inventor: A Tale of Genius, Deceit, and the Birth of Television

10208: 10190: 10104: 10096: 10069:"Toppled television sets cause significant pediatric morbidity and mortality" 8534: 7835: 7382: 7202: 7040: 6886: 4614: 4559: 3947:, oppose the presence of television in the household, teaching that it is an 3940: 3743: 3492: 3410:. The viewership of television programming, as measured by companies such as 3235: 3196: 2960: 2918: 2909: 2619: 2036: 1975: 1890: 1843: 1813: 1703: 1685: 1548: 1536: 1461: 1418: 1104:

of the super-Emitron and image iconoscope in Europe were not affected by the

1073: 837: 787: 708: 635:

was shot, rapidly developed, and then scanned while the film was still wet.

608: 590: 495: 309: 301: 13959: 13775: 6516:

de Vries, M.J.; de Vries, Marc; Cross, Nigel & Grant, Donald P. (1993).

5671: 4868: 3398: 2793:

Standard-definition television or SDTV refers to two different resolutions:

2618:

screens. It is also used for computer monitors and portable systems such as

2070:

satellite for rebroadcasting and delivering of television signals to ground

794:(CRT). The earliest version of the CRT was invented by the German physicist 190:

that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in different formats:

18920: 18807: 18567: 18547: 18450: 18160: 18066: 17860: 17837: 17771: 17761: 17543: 17452: 17442: 17308: 17282: 16853: 16693: 16638: 16568: 16533: 16468: 16367: 16357: 16209: 15331: 15298: 15152: 14890: 14813: 14801: 14776: 14652: 14515: 14461: 14441: 14265: 14255: 14248: 14206: 13974: 11152: 10414: 10389: 10224: 10112: 10087: 10068: 8584: 6207:

Media technology and society. A history: from the telegraph to the Internet

4890: 4675: 4124: 4049: 3601: 3266: 2688:. OLEDs are expected to replace other forms of display in the near future. 2681: 2534: 2483: 2406: 2394: 2358: 2342: 2283: 2261:

RCA 630-TS, the first mass-produced television set, which sold in 1946–1947

2063: 1998: 1863: 1785: 1773: 1649: 1373: 1197: 1185: 1169: 1020: 826: 822: 806: 799: 759:

1939 at stations run by a lot of public universities in the United States.

735: 704: 632: 566:

in 1925 with his televisor equipment and dummies "James" and "Stooky Bill"

530: 277: 146: 138: 130: 103: 76: 15051: 10120: 9748:"Latest $ 84 million cuts rip the heart out of the ABC, and our democracy" 9603:"The Communications Market: Digital Progress Report – Digital TV, Q3 2007" 2521:

Liquid-crystal-display televisions (LCD TVs) are television sets that use

2290:. LEDs are expected to be gradually replaced by OLEDs in the near future. 936: 315:

The television broadcasts are mainly a simplex broadcast meaning that the

18522: 18460: 18400: 18313: 18251: 18165: 18146: 18099: 18084: 17948: 17944: 17940: 17928: 17865: 17636: 17457: 17394: 17366: 17287: 17053: 16703: 16613: 16598: 16558: 16518: 16377: 15387: 14973: 14968: 14881: 14673: 14579: 14542: 14532: 14473: 14374: 14260: 14201: 11137: 10675: 10660: 9404: 8730:

Levin, Gary; Lawler, Kelly; Keveney, Bill; Jensen, Erin (11 March 2021).

5426:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

3698: 3505: 3392: 3107: 2669: 2448: 2389:. An image is produced by controlling the intensity of each of the three 2386: 2350: 2338: 2333:

A 14-inch cathode-ray tube showing its deflection coils and electron guns

2310: 1994: 1945: 1898: 1695: 1656: 1621: 1394: 1315: 873: 861: 818: 681: 662: 620: 553: 518: 499: 470: 435: 316: 10199: 9497: 8816:"Netflix jumps more than 8% after adding more subscribers than expected" 7998: 2257: 1916: 79:

moving images and sound. Additionally, the term can refer to a physical

18903: 18722: 18507: 18142: 17715: 17548: 17399: 17272: 17252: 17058: 16765: 16463: 16372: 16328: 16298: 16276: 15845: 15779: 15690: 15649: 15030: 14832: 14456: 14411: 14401: 14384: 14379: 14294: 14270: 14233: 13423: 11999: 11671: 11611: 10635: 10595: 8706: 7331:, 8 March 1942, p. 1. "Radio Production Curbs Cover All Combinations," 4109: 4034: 3790: 3778: 3497: 3476: 3260: 3202: 3189: 2858: 2768: 2748: 2740: 2423: 2371: 2236: 2055: 1707: 1398: 1327: 1311: 1284: 1265: 1173: 1105: 906: 582: 578: 478: 362: 230: 88: 17787: 10520: 6933:

Business and Industry: Savings and investment options to telecommuting

1886: 1571:, who was director of the Advanced Television Research Program at the 18710: 18582: 18445: 17876: 17695: 17404: 17277: 17262: 17043: 16508: 16323: 16090: 16053: 15632: 15172: 15132: 15025: 14983: 14406: 14364: 14196: 12004: 11994: 8736: 7821: 7443: 7141:

The History of Television, 1880–1941, by Albert Abramson, 1987, p. 27

7068:

Chang, Yoon Seok; Makatsoris, Harris C.; Richards, Howard D. (2007).

6152:. (1998). IEE History of Technology Series, 22. London: IEE, p. 576. 6052:. (1998). IEE History of Technology Series, 22. London: IEE, p. 370. 5319: 5292: 5241: 5216: 5126: 5074: 4605: 4580: 4465: 4119: 3908: 3556: 3536: 3501: 3214: 3114:

rarely buy or produce non-network programming that is not focused on

2905: 2869: 2776: 2752: 2665: 2471: 2346: 2225: 2175: 1792:

was the only way television could be widely distributed, and because

1776:

by television stations, sometimes called "channels," as stations are

1764:. It has 17 directors and one reflector (made of 4 rods) shaped as a 1756: 1525: 1450: 1319: 1177: 849: 784: 657: 595: 366: 122: 27:

Telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images

6090: 5520:, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( 5049: 4831:, NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation), 2002. Retrieved 23 May 2009. 2606:

which emits light in response to an electric current. This layer of

2393:, one for each additive primary color (red, green, and blue) with a 266:

functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s.

113:

The availability of various types of archival storage media such as

18760: 18716: 18628: 18493: 18186: 18122: 17611: 17038: 17028: 16945: 16770: 16593: 15931: 15921: 15812: 15797: 15372: 15311: 15244: 14695: 14505: 14416: 14339: 13954: 13785: 13780: 13598: 11157: 11147: 10816: 10559: 8841: 8837:"Online media streaming will benefit from the coronavirus pandemic" 8715: 8275: 5445:

United States Patent Office, Patent No. 2,133,123, 11 October 1938.

4099: 3924: 3651: 3643: 3459: 3451: 3271: 2838: 2634: 2569:, but as of 2014 none of these have entered widespread production. 2513: 2354: 2159: 2136: 2071: 2048: 1368: 1323: 1232: 810: 747: 700: 506: 462: 18855: 14146: 10039:

A Report to the Nation on Home Safety: The Dangers of TV Tip-Overs

9852:

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=imaginary-friends

6930:

Childs, William R.; Martin, Scott B.; Stitt-Gohdes, Wanda (2004).

6427:

Behind the tube: a history of broadcasting technology and business

6335: 6071:"Patent US2296019 – Chromoscopic adapter for television equipment" 2378:

emissions, particularly if the CRT is used in a consumer product.

2089:

The first in a series of Soviet geostationary satellites to carry

2005:

requiring a subscription. In 1945, British science fiction writer

773: 612: 18843: 18648: 18512: 17827: 17720: 17626: 17581: 17033: 17018: 16236: 15761: 15708: 15224: 14737: 14552: 14478: 14391: 14216: 13928: 12715: 8773: 8298:

Wireless technologies and the national information infrastructure

6393:

The inventor of stereo: the life and works of Alan Dower Blumlein

6308: 6244:

The inventor of stereo: the life and works of Alan Dower Blumlein

3657: 3635: 3037: 2638: 2489: 2275: 2213: 2183: 2163: 2027: 1964: 1625: 1567:

programming is not readily compatible with a progressive format.

1380:

The first color broadcast (the first episode of the live program

1260:. Mechanically scanned color television was also demonstrated by 1218: 1126: 897: 600: 489:

in a paper read to the International Electricity Congress at the

263: 219: 159: 114: 17182: 10216: 9234:

Global TV 2010 – Markets, Trends Facts & Figures (2008–2013)

6365:"Improvements in or relating to television transmitting systems" 6338:"Improvements in or relating to television transmitting systems" 5501:, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 15 July 2009. 5418:"Hungary – Kálmán Tihanyi's 1926 Patent Application 'Radioskop'" 4476: 2212:, earned nominations that year. On July 13, 2015, cable company 2130:

Internet television (Internet TV) (or online television) is the

1800:

available, government regulation was the norm. In the U.S., the

18497: 17063: 17023: 16345: 15352: 15288: 15148: 14621: 14436: 13795: 13488: 12024: 11117: 10524: 6093:"Improvements in or relating to cathode ray tubes and the like" 5521: 5425: 3811:

is paid for by license fees (known in Japanese as reception fee

3708: 3681: 3442: 3423: 2842: 2772: 2171: 2144: 2075: 1664: 1479: 1468: 1292:(FCC) on 29 August 1940 and shown to the press on 4 September. 1023:

on 25 August 1934 and for ten days afterward. Mexican inventor

991: 619:-Natan. In 1931, he made the first outdoor remote broadcast of 586: 514: 474: 142: 18831: 18795: 18282: 15220: 10163:

Hernæs, Øystein; Markussen, Simen; Røed, Knut (1 March 2019).

7709: 5454:

United States Patent Office, Patent No. 2,158,259, 16 May 1939

3668: 2482:" displays because the technology uses small cells containing 2054:

The world's first commercial communications satellite, called

1612: 665:

link from Washington to New York City, then a radio link from

430: 50: 18737: 18643: 18236: 18226: 18204: 18199: 18194: 17953: 17048: 16985: 16293: 15585: 15516: 15316: 15228: 15162: 15156: 15082: 14752: 13618: 13433: 12938: 12014: 6117: 4304:"CES 2015: New Samsung Smart TVs Will Be Powered by Tizen OS" 3612:. Most subscription services are also funded by advertising. 3463: 3141:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

2914: 2901: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2806: 2764: 2492: 2375: 2366: 2162:, owned by Dish Network, which was unveiled in January 2015. 2094: 2079: 1835: 802: 523: 195: 191: 18927: 8690:"YouTube TV – Watch & DVR Live Sports, Shows & News" 8020:"CEA Study Says Seven Percent of TV Households Use Antennas" 7203:"The World's First High Definition Colour Television System" 5786:

The Boy Genius and the Mogul: The Untold Story of Television

5611:"Milestones:Development of Electronic Television, 1924–1941" 4075:

List of countries by number of television broadcast stations

3500:

can cost several million dollars. Conversely, lesser-viewed

2857:

aspect ratio as NTSC signals, with widescreen content being

2517:

A generic LCD TV, with speakers on either side of the screen

1808:

fee on owners of television reception equipment to fund the

1652:

access. These TVs come pre-loaded with an operating system.

18756: 16990: 16003: 15756: 15639: 15580: 15568: 15563: 15541: 15504: 15499: 15144: 14488: 13548: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11636: 10312:

The Complete Guide to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows

10165:"Television, Cognitive Ability, and High School Completion" 9480:"The government is planning to scrap the BBC's licence fee" 8820: 8484: 7738:"Why Connected TVs Will Be About the Content, Not the Apps" 7621:"Information about interlaced and progressive scan signals" 7586:

Barbero, M.; Hofmann, H.; Wells, N. D. (14 November 1991).

7113:

Television: An International History of the Formative Years

6977: 6369:

Patent No. GB 446,664 (filed September 1934, patented 1936)

6150:

Television: An international history of the formative years

6050:

Television: An international history of the formative years

5267:

Television: An International History of the Formative Years

4796:"Early Electronic Television RCA TV Development: 1929–1949" 4525:

Television: An International History of the Formative Years

3798: 3647: 3430: 3282: 3047: 2929: 2862: 2853:). In North America, digital SDTV is broadcast in the same 2850: 2822: 2814: 2813:

based on the American National Television System Committee

2810: 2794: 2760: 2732: 2657:(AMOLED) addressing schemes. Active-matrix OLEDs require a 2578: 2140: 1974:. These systems received analog signals transmitted in the 1839: 1819: 1529: 1350: 1333:

One of the great technical challenges of introducing color

1181: 688: 250: 223: 199: 179: 171: 8874:"How The Pandemic Boosted Business For Streaming Services" 8694:

YouTube TV – Watch & DVR Live Sports, Shows & News

8689: 8431:"Soviet-bloc Research in Geophysics, Astronomy, and Space" 7383:

The World's First High Definition Colour Television System

4631:, Vo1, No1, March 1928, Television Press Ltd, London, p11. 1137:

played a prominent role in the development of television.

750:. The advancement of all-electronic television (including 615:

established France's first television company, Télévision-

15627: 15216: 12019: 11978: 10066: 9846:

Butler, Fionnuala, Cynthia Pickett. "Imaginary Friends."

8156:"Installing Consumer-Owned Antennas and Satellite Dishes" 7472:"HDTV Set Top Boxes and Digital TV Broadcast Information" 6840:"On the beginning of broadcast in 625 lines 60 years ago" 6797:"Benjamin Adler, 86, An Early Advocate of UHF Television" 6389: 6240: 4891:"Peck Television Corporation Console Receiver and Camera" 4654: 4004: 3808: 3726: 3685: 3675: 3620:

Television services in some countries may be funded by a

3569: 2854: 2802: 2801:

lines of resolution, derived from the European-developed

2642: 2538: 2495:, or what are in essence chambers more commonly known as 2279: 2217: 1847: 1553: 1513: 1413: 1354: 1349:. In the United States, after considerable research, the 1296: 1280: 1053: 1032: 965: 902: 869: 865: 628: 134: 118: 8729: 8711:"TV watching and online streaming surge during lockdown" 8240:

Media and Culture: An Introduction to Mass Communication

7588:"DCT source coding and current implementations for HDTV" 7529:"The Origins and Future Prospects of Digital Television" 6929: 6833: 6705: