484:(tympanic membrane). This ring expands to form the tympanic part, and is ossified in membrane from a single center which appears about the third month. The styloid process is developed from the proximal part of the cartilage of the second branchial or hyoid arch by two centers: one for the proximal part, the tympanohyal, appears before birth; the other, comprising the rest of the process, is named the stylohyal, and does not appear until after birth. The tympanic ring unites with the squama shortly before birth; the petromastoid part and squama join during the first year, and the tympanohyal portion of the styloid process about the same time . The stylohyal does not unite with the rest of the bone until after
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tympanic cavity and vestibule, surrounds the carotid canal, invests the lateral and lower part of the cochlea, and spreads medially below the internal auditory meatus. A third (pterotic) roofs in the tympanic cavity and antrum; while the fourth (epiotic) appears near the posterior semicircular canal and extends to form the
599:
These tumors most often occur later in life, around age 60 or 70, but they can appear at any age. The cause of a glomus jugulare tumor is unknown. In most cases, there are no known risk factors. Glomus tumors have been associated with changes (mutations) in a gene responsible for the enzyme succinate
521:
The mastoid portion is at first flat, with the stylomastoid foramen and rudimentary styloid immediately behind the tympanic ring. With air cell development, the outer part of the mastoid component grows anteroinferiorly to form the mastoid process, with the styloid and stylomastoid foramen now on the
513:
is at first extremely shallow, and looks lateral and inferior; it deepens and directs more inferiorly over time. The part of the squama which forms the fossa lies at first below the level of the zygomatic process. As, the base of the skull thickens, this part of the squama is directed horizontal and
813:
meaning "time, proper time or season." Temporal bones are situated on the sides of the skull, where grey hairs usually appear early on. Or it may relate to the pulsations of the underlying superficial temporal artery, marking the time we have left here. There is also a probable connection with the
468:
and extends to the apex of the bone; it forms part of the cochlea, vestibule, superior semicircular canal, and medial wall of the tympanic cavity. A second (opisthotic) appears at the promontory on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity and surrounds the fenestra cochleæ; it forms the floor of the
505:
extends outward and backward to form the tympanic part. This extension does not, however, take place at an equal rate all around the circumference of the ring, but occurs more at its anterior and posterior portions. As these outgrowths meet, they create a foramen in the floor of the meatus, the
463:
The petromastoid part is developed from four centers, which make their appearance in the cartilaginous ear capsule about the fifth or sixth month. One (proötic) appears in the neighborhood of the eminentia arcuata, spreads in front and above the
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589:
A glomus jugulare tumor is a tumor of the part of the temporal bone in the skull that involves the middle and inner ear structures. This tumor can affect the ear, upper neck, base of the skull, and the surrounding blood vessels and
593:
A glomus jugulare tumor grows in the temporal bone of the skull, in an area called the jugular foramen. The jugular foramen is also where the jugular vein and several important nerves exit the skull.
525:
The downward and forward growth of the mastoid process also pushes forward the tympanic part; as a result, its portion that formed the original floor of the meatus, and contained the
452:: one for the squama including the zygomatic process, one for the tympanic part, four for the petrous and mastoid parts, and two for the styloid process. Just before the end of
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308:, which is shaped like a pyramid. The tympanic part is relatively small and lies inferior to the squamous part, anterior to the mastoid part, and superior to the
201:
818:, to wound in battle. The skull is thin in this area and presents a vulnerable area for a blow from a battle axe. Another possible etymology is described at
518:, and its surfaces look upward and downward; the attached portion of the zygomatic process everts and projects like a shelf at a right angle to the squama.
718:. Primitively, it is a flattened plate-like bone, but in many animals it is narrower in form, for example, where it forms the boundary between the two
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621:, a mixed type with both longitudinal and horizontal components. Horizontal fractures were thought to be associated with injuries to the
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This area contains nerve fibers, called glomus bodies. Normally, these nerves respond to changes in body temperature or blood pressure.
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The squama is ossified in membrane from a single nucleus, which appears near the root of the zygomatic process about the second month.
777:
480:
is an incomplete circle, in the concavity of which is a groove, the tympanic sulcus, for the attachment of the circumference of the
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In evolutionary terms, the temporal bone is derived from the fusion of many bones that are often separate in non-human mammals:
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arch: the styloid process. In the dog the styloid process is represented by a series of four articulating bones, from top down
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296:. Posteroinferior to the squamous is the mastoid part. Fused with the squamous and mastoid parts and between the
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1958:
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733:, formed from the fusion of a number of bones surrounding the ear of reptiles. The delicate structure of the
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parts. The squamous part is the largest and most superiorly positioned relative to the rest of the bone. The
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Apart from size increase, the chief changes from birth through puberty in the temporal bone are as follows:
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is a long, arched process projecting from the lower region of the squamous part and it articulates with the
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2013:
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1981:
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foramen of
Huschke. This foramen is usually closed about the fifth year, but may persist throughout life.
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under surface. The descent of the foramen is accompanied by a requisite lengthening of the facial canal.
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1227:
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Brodie, HA; Thompson, TC (March 1997). "Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures".
784:; the first two represent the styloid process, and the ceratohyal represents the anterior horns of the
634:
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1. Outer surface of petromastoid part. 2. Outer surface of tympanic ring. 3. Inner surface of squama.
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1090:"Radiographic classification of temporal bone fractures: clinical predictability using a new system"
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has been found as more reliable in predicting complications such as facial nerve injury,
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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761:. The auditory bulla is homologous with the tympanic part of the temporal bone.
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Temporal bone fractures were historically divided into three main categories,
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1027:"Imaging of temporal bone lesions: developmental and inflammatory conditions"
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980:(Sixth ed.). CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd. pp. 41–43.
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613:, in which the vertical axis of the fracture paralleled the petrous ridge,
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The petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, which derive from the
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Its exact etymology is unknown. It is thought to be from the Old French
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The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the
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of the reptilian lower jaw, and, in some cases, it has an additional
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arch: the styloid process. In the dog these small bones are called
645:
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where four of the cranial bones fuse. Each temple is covered by a
723:
485:
481:
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In many animals some of these parts stay separate through life:
1443:
802:
1025:
Sanei Taheri, Morteza; Zare
Mehrjardi, Mohammad (2016-07-21).
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683:
230:
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34:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with
Knowledge's
1136:. Colorado, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. XXX.
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with the squama, and forms the side of the cranium in many
1024:
1002:"Glomus jugulare tumor: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
745:, it is usually enclosed within a bony sheath called the
253:
629:. More recently, delineation based on disruption of the
2259:
456:
the temporal bone consists of three principal parts:
1158:"Temporal | Search Online Etymology Dictionary"
807:
meaning "earthly", which is directly from the Latin
1132:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
737:, unique to mammals, is generally not protected in
1094:Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
252:. The temporal bones house the structures of the
2283:
1831:in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
444:from eight centers, exclusive of those for the
1060:
669:: the tympanic part: this is derived from the
45:to make improvements to the overall structure.
1242:
1228:
839:Position of temporal bone (green). Animation.
272:The temporal bone consists of four parts—the
1087:
792:which represents the body of the hyoid bone.
663:: the squama including the zygomatic process
808:
1235:
1221:
229:are situated at the sides and base of the
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94:Position of temporal bone (shown in green)
88:
1105:
975:
61:Learn how and when to remove this message
1088:Little, SC; Kesser, BW (December 2006).
625:, and longitudinal with injuries to the
578:
492:
2284:
923:This article incorporates text in the
529:, rotates to become the anterior wall.
260:and the major vessels to and from the
1216:
1202:Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator
749:. In many mammals this is a separate
573:Temporal bone at birth. Inner aspect.
561:Temporal bone at birth. Outer aspect.
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1125:
825:
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488:, and in some skulls never at all.
425:zygomatic process of temporal bone
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976:Chaurasia, BD (31 January 2013).
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1336:Internal occipital protuberance
1282:External occipital protuberance
1164:
1063:The American Journal of Otology
951:"SKULL ANATOMY - TEMPORAL BONE"
679:: the petrous and mastoid parts
1198:"Anatomy diagram: 34256.000-1"
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106:Animation of the temporal bone
1:
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851:Shape of temporal bone (left)
514:inwards to contribute to the
1107:10.1001/archotol.132.12.1300
796:
267:
264:traverse the temporal bone.
7:
1901:Posterior clinoid processes
1346:Groove for transverse sinus
964:Temporal bone anatomy on CT
931:of the 20th edition of
880:
875:Sphenoid and temporal bones
10:
2333:
2297:Bones of the head and neck
1204:. Elsevier. Archived from
673:of the reptilian lower jaw
635:sensorineural hearing loss
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1172:"Etymology of Head Terms"
788:and articulates with the
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417:Zygomaticotemporal suture
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2027:Anterior clinoid process
2022:Superior orbital fissure
1768:Internal auditory meatus
1614:Fossa for lacrimal gland
1341:Internal occipital crest
1292:External occipital crest
639:intracerebral hemorrhage
466:internal auditory meatus
312:. The styloid, from the
209:Anatomical terms of bone
16:Bone of the neurocranium
2004:Sulcus of auditory tube
907:Temporomandibular joint
803:
1918:Middle clinoid process
1042:Cite journal requires
978:Human Anatomy Volume 3
809:
584:Glomus jugulare tumor:
394:Sphenosquamosal suture
348:Occipitomastoid suture
75:anatomical terminology
2195:Superior nasal concha
1675:Petrotympanic fissure
600:dehydrogenase (SDHD).
579:Clinical significance
493:Postnatal development
440:The temporal bone is
325:internal jugular vein
233:, and lateral to the
2190:Supreme nasal concha
1822:Petrosquamous suture
1778:Stylomastoid foramen
1665:Suprameatal triangle
1557:Supraorbital foramen
516:middle cranial fossa
454:prenatal development
2307:Human head and neck
2302:Otorhinolaryngology
2205:Middle nasal concha
2158:Perpendicular plate
1999:Infratemporal crest
1540:Superciliary arches
1418:Pharyngeal tubercle
1134:The Vertebrate Body
643:cerebrospinal fluid
627:middle ear ossicles
43:editing the article
2233:ethmoidal foramina
2151:Olfactory foramina
2112:Sphenoidal conchae
1949:Sphenoidal sinuses
1941:Sphenoidal lingula
1660:Articular tubercle
1331:Cruciform eminence
720:temporal fenestrae
536:is nearly effaced.
527:foramen of Huschke
256:. The lower seven
73:This article uses
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2256:
2253:
2252:
2120:
2119:
1946:Anterior surface:
1913:Chiasmatic groove
1896:Hypophysial fossa
1891:Tuberculum sellae
1878:Superior surface:
1857:
1856:
1849:Suprameatal spine
1805:Inferior tympanic
1773:Cochlear aqueduct
1680:Zygomatic process
1637:
1636:
1574:Zygomatic process
1473:Parietal eminence
1459:
1458:
1383:Hypoglossal canal
1176:www.dartmouth.edu
826:Additional images
764:Two parts of the
759:entotympanic bone
753:derived from the
682:Two parts of the
450:tympanic ossicles
404:of temporal bone.
381:of temporal bone.
358:of temporal bone.
290:zygomatic process
223:
222:
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71:
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63:
36:layout guidelines
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2182:Uncinate process
2141:Cribriform plate
2131:
2130:
2069:pterygoid plates
1933:Lateral surface:
1923:Petrosal process
1868:
1867:
1788:Subarcuate fossa
1718:Occipital groove
1670:Mandibular fossa
1648:
1647:
1629:Frontonasal duct
1530:Frontal eminence
1513:
1512:
1483:Parietal foramen
1398:Jugular tubercle
1302:Suprainiac fossa
1261:
1260:
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1223:
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1178:. Archived from
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897:Koerner's septum
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820:Temple (anatomy)
812:
806:
570:
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534:subarcuate fossa
511:mandibular fossa
413:
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371:Squamosal suture
367:
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215:edit on Wikidata
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2200:Superior meatus
2174:Lateral surface
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2086:Pterygoid canal
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2008:
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1908:Ethmoidal spine
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1817:Styloid process
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1703:Mastoid process
1698:Mastoid foramen
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1633:
1619:Trochlear fovea
1609:Ethmoidal notch
1595:
1584:Sagittal sulcus
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1488:Sagittal sulcus
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1393:Jugular process
1371:Condyloid fossa
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1006:medlineplus.gov
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953:. 28 June 2017.
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902:Temporal muscle
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419:. It separates
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396:. It separates
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373:. It separates
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356:mastoid portion
350:. It separates
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310:styloid process
302:occipital bones
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250:temporal muscle
239:cerebral cortex
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1208:on 2012-12-27.
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1182:on 2008-05-09.
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1100:(12): 1300–4.
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934:Gray's Anatomy
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1069:(2): 188–97.
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925:public domain
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892:Cholesteatoma
890:
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863:Cranial bones
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751:tympanic bone
748:
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731:periotic bone
728:
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721:
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677:Periotic bone
675:
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667:Tympanic bone
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652:Other animals
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500:
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475:
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426:
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418:
412:
407:
403:
399:
398:sphenoid bone
395:
389:
384:
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375:parietal bone
372:
366:
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353:
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338:
337:
328:
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117:Articulations
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83:Temporal bone
81:
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65:
62:
54:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
2232:
2186:
2173:
2146:Crista galli
2068:
2051:
1966:
1945:
1932:
1877:
1826:
1799:
1782:
1756:Facial canal
1743:Petrous part
1690:Mastoid part
1642:
1601:Orbital part
1578:
1551:
1534:
1410:Basilar part
1387:
1325:
1308:
1297:Nuchal lines
1272:
1244:Neurocranium
1206:the original
1201:
1180:the original
1175:
1166:
1152:
1133:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1035:cite journal
1020:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:
996:
977:
971:
959:
945:
936:
922:
916:
815:
800:
758:
755:angular bone
750:
697:
690:(upper) and
671:angular bone
655:
631:otic capsule
623:facial nerve
618:
614:
611:longitudinal
610:
608:
583:
582:
496:
446:internal ear
439:
316:
306:petrous part
271:
243:
226:
224:
178:A02.1.06.001
154:os temporale
153:
57:
51:January 2024
48:
33:
2032:Optic canal
2014:Small wings
1959:Great wings
814:Greek verb
770:tympanohyal
688:tympanohyal
436:Development
143:Identifiers
2286:Categories
1800:canaliculi
1562:Brow ridge
1011:2017-05-02
966:2012-12-22
913:References
786:hyoid bone
782:ceratohyal
743:placentals
739:marsupials
735:middle ear
708:homologous
615:horizontal
2238:Posterior
2220:Labyrinth
2057:Pterygoid
2044:processes
2042:Pterygoid
1449:Opisthion
1314:Occipital
1256:Occipital
797:Etymology
774:stylohyal
741:, but in
726:reptiles.
716:tetrapods
712:bony fish
704:squamosal
692:stylohyal
661:Squamosal
473:(Vrolik).
304:lies the
268:Structure
137:zygomatic
121:Occipital
2243:Anterior
2167:Surfaces
2062:Scaphoid
1987:Spinosum
1972:Rotundum
1967:foramina
1871:Surfaces
1863:Sphenoid
1829:ossicles
1643:Temporal
1579:internal
1552:foramina
1545:Glabella
1535:external
1465:Parietal
1326:internal
1273:external
1116:17178939
929:page 138
881:See also
804:temporal
790:basihyal
694:(lower).
646:otorrhea
448:and the
442:ossified
298:sphenoid
286:tympanic
274:squamous
133:mandible
129:sphenoid
125:parietal
2317:Otology
2276:Anatomy
2126:Ethmoid
2091:Hamulus
2074:Lateral
1982:Vesalii
1827:(note:
1810:Mastoid
1508:Frontal
1388:jugular
1366:Condyle
1246:of the
1075:9093676
816:temnion
778:epihyal
724:diapsid
619:oblique
590:nerves.
486:puberty
482:eardrum
331:Borders
282:petrous
278:mastoid
246:temples
237:of the
166:D013701
112:Details
2262:Portal
2134:Plates
2079:Medial
2052:fossae
1928:Clivus
1783:fossae
1761:Hiatus
1732:Aditus
1444:Basion
1423:Clivus
1319:Nuchal
1309:planes
1140:
1114:
1073:
984:
937:(1918)
810:tempus
641:, and
605:Trauma
317:stylos
2312:Skull
2100:Other
1994:Spine
1977:Ovale
1432:Other
1278:Inion
1248:skull
927:from
766:hyoid
684:hyoid
314:Greek
262:brain
231:skull
213:[
202:52737
149:Latin
2107:Body
1138:ISBN
1112:PMID
1071:PMID
1048:help
982:ISBN
714:and
702:The
532:The
509:The
501:The
476:The
423:and
400:and
377:and
354:and
323:and
300:and
284:and
254:ears
225:The
173:TA98
161:MeSH
135:and
1102:doi
1098:132
722:of
327:.
197:FMA
190:641
185:TA2
2288::
1200:.
1174:.
1124:^
1110:.
1096:.
1092:.
1067:18
1065:.
1039::
1037:}}
1033:{{
1004:.
822:.
780:,
776:,
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648:.
637:,
280:,
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1280:/
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1046:(
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1014:.
990:.
427:.
217:]
77:.
64:)
58:(
53:)
49:(
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
