135:
483:
206:
890:
standards regarding the recruitment and monitoring of the LCP, which leaves migrant workers vulnerable to exploitation. At present, only the province of
British Columbia requires that workers be registered by their employers under the Domestic Workers' Registry. Employment agencies, on the other hand, are only regulated in two provinces, British Columbia, and Alberta, and their regulation only amounts to operating licensing requirements.
817:. Despite this, and unlike the SAWP, no formal labour agreement exists to govern these migratory flows. Rather, an informal Filipino community network, as well as the Philippine government's labour export strategy facilitates and regulates the continuous migratory flows between the two countries. Also unlike those who enter through the SAWP, LCP applicants can apply for permanent residency at the end of their 2-year contract.
36:
77:
906:
the live-in requirement and the length of the LCP contract, deskilling occurs, wherein educational qualifications and training once held by immigrants prior to entering the program are not utilized or developed. This leads to downward occupational mobility as re-entry into the labour market with a skilled position becomes difficult upon the end of the contract, and once permanent residency is achieved.
889:
The exploitation of migrant labour has been a key issue amongst labour and civil society groups. Many have suggested that the structure of
Canadian temporary migration programs, particularly the LCP, perpetuate social and economic inequalities in the long-term. There are little provincial employment
617:
country, and within that the largest increase accounted for those in lower-skilled occupations in farming, caregiving, service & retail, clerical work, manufacturing and construction. There was also a 73% increase in the number of entries and re-entries into the country in the 2002-2008 period.
616:
From 2002 and 2011, the number of temporary foreign workers (TFW) residing in Canada had a three-fold increase, from about 101,000 to 300,000. For the first time in 2007, overall temporary migration overtook permanent migration, with the highest increase being in the number of TFWs that entered the
905:
is that applicants are required to have Grade 12 education as well as domestic service training. Research has even found that a large number of those applying through the LCP program have had university-level education, and training as registered nurses from their origin countries. However, due to
620:
The expansion of the TFWP to accommodate workers in lower-skilled occupations has been influenced by general increased employer demand of lower-skilled workers, particularly in the oil, gas, and construction sectors. In 2002, the pilot project for Hiring
Foreign Workers in Occupations that Require
781:
Implemented in 1966, more than 29,000 agricultural workers enter Canada every year through this program from the
Caribbean and Mexico. The program exists as an agreement between sending countries and the Canadian government to provide seasonal agricultural workers during peak Canadian production.
909:
Since the
Canadian economy entered recession in 2008, temporary foreign workers have proven to be the most vulnerable to job losses. In January 2009 Service Canada introduced tighter restrictions for employers who wish to recruit temporary residents. In April 2013, the temporary foreign worker
876:
Furthermore, the candidate will also have to successfully meet the eligibility requirements for their country or territory of citizenship as well as of the specific pool that they are applying for. Usually, countries that have an agreement with Canada as to the IEC program allow candidates to
880:
Those holding a refugee travel document that has been issued by a country with a youth mobility agreement with Canada are not eligible to participate in the IEC program. While dependents cannot be taken along on the IEC, dependents might apply for visiting, studying, or working Canada. The
833:) program provides young nationals from select countries, with the opportunity to travel and work in Canada for a maximum of 24 months. Interested candidates are randomly selected depending on the spots available for their country of origin and for the category in which they are eligible.
621:
Lower Levels of Formal
Training was introduced. The project has since evolved to better suit employers needs, for example by increasing the length of the work permit from 12 to 24 months. However this is not the case for those entering through 2 occupation-specific programs: the
893:
The lack of systemic regulation makes it difficult for contract violations to be contested. Under the law, contracts should specify total work hours, vacation time, wages, and benefits. However, in a study conducted by a
Montreal organization, PINAY, together with the
571:
has little to do with citizenship, in that one cannot go from temporary resident to citizen without first going through another program. More specifically, the classes of
Temporary Resident Documents under IMM1442 are as follows:
858:
877:
participate in the program only 1 time. Other countries, though allowing a candidate to apply 2 times, will require the candidates to apply in different pools each of the times that they apply for the IEC.
806:
Applicants to the program must meet certain criteria, some of which include: high school education, equivalent to
Canadian standards, language ability, as well as a written contract by an employer and
1419:
785:
In 2009, half of agricultural migrants were from Mexico (about 15,800 people). Among these migrants, 75% have been re-entering the program for 4 years or more, while 57%, for 6 years or more.
850:
In order to be able to participate in the IEC, the country or territory that the candidate is a citizen of must have an agreement with Canada, allowing them to apply for an IEC work permit.
782:
Particular sectors that report labour shortages are often the fruits, vegetables and horticultural sectors. Those who enter through this program can work for a maximum of 8 months per year.
898:
School of Social Work, it was found that in 25% of the 148 live-in caregivers studied, employers did not sign a contract at all, and 43% claimed that they weren't paid for overtime work.
853:
Alternatively, if they do not belong to any such country or territory, they must be able to make use of a recognized organization (RO). ROs, for the purposes of IEC, include:
803:, "Live-in caregivers are individuals who are qualified to provide care for children, elderly persons or persons with disabilities in private homes without supervision."
1380:
901:
Another issue with temporary migrants is the limited mobility afforded to them within the confines of their stipulated contracts. What sets the LCP apart from other
911:
1059:
376:
799:
Replacing the foreign domestic movement (FDM) in 1992, the Live-in
Caregiver program accepts between 2,500 and 3,500 caregivers each year. According to
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1219:
511:
49:
1479:
357:
1233:
1194:
800:
384:
915:
966:
902:
610:
1467:
1445:
Zabjek, Alexandra (March 6, 2009). "Employers told to make case for foreign workers; Feds say more effort needed to hire Canadians".
807:
238:
1384:
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Recruitment into this program is seen to be racialized and gendered, as 95.6% of Canada's live-in caregivers are women from the
94:
352:
776:
613:(TFWP) does not have a cap on the number of applicants admitted; instead, numbers are dictated primarily by employer demand.
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362:
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280:
17:
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228:
1000:"The Canadian temporary foreign worker program: do short-term economic needs prevail over human rights concerns?"
440:
1063:
866:
761:
243:
189:
1024:
Tannock, Stuart (2011). "Points of Prejudice: Education-Based Discrimination in Canada's Immigration System".
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http://www.ey.com/Global/assets.nsf/Canada/Egan_CanUpdate_Dec2008/$ file/Egan_CanUpdate_Dec2008.pdf
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425:
342:
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1149:"From Labour of Love to Decent Work: Protecting the Human Rights of Migrant Caregivers in Canada"
1148:
448:
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1234:"International Experience Canada (IEC) - Eligibility and Application Guide | Just For Canada"
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932:
545:
347:
332:
223:
215:
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399:
310:
197:
1349:"The missing link: Gender, immigration policy and the Live-in Caregiver Program in Canada"
972:. Ottawa, Ontario: Institute for Research on Public Policy. April 30, 2012. Archived from
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Temporary Resident Permit holder who require the permit to overcome inadmissibility issues
8:
1398:
1279:
881:
applications are to be assessed separately and not along with that of the IEC candidate.
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253:
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148:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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in which full-time RBC employees were replaced with temporary foreign workers.
859:
International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience
549:
419:
1500:
1164:
1519:
1510:
487:
1420:"Scarce jobs ignite debate over Alberta's 57,000 temporary foreign workers"
1312:"From Migrant to Immigrant: Domestic Workers Settle in Vancouver, Canada"
580:
1088:
Reed, Austina J. (2008). "Canada's experience with managed migration".
1325:(18). Vancouver Centre of Excellence/The Philippine Women Centre: 1–32
1062:. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. August 30, 2010. Archived from
541:
453:
999:
1381:"Temporary foreign workers first to suffer layoffs | CTVNews"
1195:"Become a candidate – International Experience Canada - Canada.ca"
1193:
Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship (November 2, 2015).
967:"Roundtable on Temporary Migration and the Canadian Labour Market"
553:
854:
525:
1346:
1480:"RBC replaces Canadian staff with foreign workers | CBC News"
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but are legally in Canada for a temporary purpose, including
1294:"Work and travel in Canada using a Recognized Organization"
997:
810:
approval that labour shortages necessitate hiring abroad.
1060:"Immigration overview: Permanent and temporary residents"
770:
97:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
1496:
Citizenship and Immigration Canada - Visiting Canada
910:
program was thrust into the national spotlight by a
1501:
Citizenship and Immigration Canada - Work in Canada
586:
Temporary Visitor — visitor record (also IMM 1097),
820:
1517:
1309:
1280:"International Experience Canada: Who can apply"
1087:
633:Top 10 source countries for TFWs, 1999 and 2008
576:Temporary Student — study permit (also IMM1208),
1506:Citizenship and Immigration Canada - Statistics
1023:
609:Unlike applicants for permanent residence, the
1347:Brickner, Rachel K. & Straehle C. (2010).
1259:"инвестиционная программа гражданства Вануату"
1146:
861:(IAESTE), International Rural Exchange (IRE),
604:
505:
1218:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
801:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
788:
385:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
998:Nakache, D. & Kinoshita, P. J. (2010).
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1511:Citizenship and Immigration Canada - Swics
1342:
1340:
961:
959:
957:
512:
498:
358:Protecting Canada's Immigration System Act
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611:Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker Program
171:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
808:Employment and Social Development Canada
93:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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1305:
1303:
954:
884:
865:(MUN), Stepwest, WAP Working Holidays,
14:
1518:
1444:
1192:
836:There are three categories under IEC:
353:Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
777:Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program
627:Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program
1300:
1083:
1081:
771:Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program
363:Canadian immigration and refugee law
128:
70:
29:
1153:Canadian Journal of Law and Society
914:news article on outsourcing by the
863:Memorial University of Newfoundland
24:
1399:"How to get caribbean citizenship"
928:Citizenship and Immigration Canada
25:
1542:
1489:
1449:. Edmonton, Alberta. p. B8.
1078:
912:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
903:Temporary Foreign Worker Programs
593:Some foreign nationals require a
45:This article has multiple issues.
1046:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00864.x
481:
229:History of immigration to Canada
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75:
34:
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1391:
1373:
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846:International Co-op Internship.
827:International Experience Canada
821:International Experience Canada
540:) applies to those who are not
53:or discuss these issues on the
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1140:
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867:University of British Columbia
762:Canadian International Council
239:Economic impact of immigration
13:
1:
948:
938:Canada immigration statistics
395:Immigration and Refugee Board
390:Canada Border Services Agency
259:Provincial Nomination Program
234:Canada immigration statistics
1366:10.1016/j.polsoc.2010.09.004
563:" (PR) is a requirement for
7:
1134:"Live-in Caregiver Program"
943:Permanent resident (Canada)
921:
871:University of New Brunswick
599:visa de résident temporaire
10:
1547:
1104:10.1177/002070200806300216
792:
774:
605:Temporary labour migration
281:History of nationality law
1310:Pratt, Geraldine (2003).
1165:10.1017/s0829320100009753
795:Live-In Caregiver Program
789:Live-in Caregiver Program
758:
623:Live-in Caregiver Program
142:This article needs to be
1526:Canadian immigration law
843:Young Professionals, and
426:Canadians of convenience
1147:Khan, Sabaa A. (2009).
595:Temporary Resident Visa
244:Permanent resident card
598:
546:international students
537:
449:Demographics of Canada
1091:International Journal
933:Immigration to Canada
348:Immigration Act, 1976
343:Citizenship Act, 1976
338:Citizenship Act, 1946
333:Immigration Act, 1869
224:Immigration to Canada
27:Canadian legal status
1426:on February 28, 2009
1282:. December 12, 2014.
916:Royal Bank of Canada
885:Criticism and debate
857:, GO International,
565:Canadian citizenship
538:résidence temporaire
400:Public Safety Canada
311:Commonwealth citizen
306:Honorary citizenship
198:Canadian citizenship
86:factual accuracy is
1038:2011Antip..43.1330T
634:
601:) to visit Canada.
579:Temporary Worker —
569:temporary residency
561:Permanent Residence
530:temporary residency
291:Oath of Citizenship
254:Temporary residency
249:Permanent residency
18:Temporary residency
1387:on August 1, 2012.
1353:Policy and Society
632:
464:Population by year
1296:. August 5, 2021.
1136:. March 31, 2007.
896:McGill University
768:
767:
764:
638:Country of origin
542:Canadian citizens
522:
521:
488:Canada portal
459:Canadian identity
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16:(Redirected from
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1447:Edmonton Journal
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1422:. Archived from
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1383:. Archived from
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581:work permit
325:Legislation
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