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will hold onto the male’s sperm within the cloaca for a period of months or even years before fertilizing and laying a clutch of eggs
Turtles can defend themselves from predation by hiding, closing their shell and biting. The risk of death is greatest in small animals due to their size and weaker carapace and plastron. While the shell of an adult box turtle is seldom fractured, the box turtle is still vulnerable to surprise attacks and persistent gnawing or pecking. Common predators are mammals like
155:
1263:
131:
817:
806:
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1032:, box turtles tend to move further into the woods, where they dig a chamber for overwintering. Ornate box turtles dig chambers up to 50 centimeters, while eastern box turtles hibernate at depth of about 10 centimeters. The location for overwintering can be up to 0.5 km from the summer habitat and is often in close proximity to that of the previous year. In more southern locations, turtles are active year-round, as has been observed for
1164:
Most turtle and tortoise societies recommend against box turtles as pets for small children. Box turtles are easily stressed by over-handling and require more care than is generally thought. Box turtles get stressed when moved into new surroundings. Some specimens will wander aimlessly until they die
1176:
Box turtles can be injured by dogs and cats, so special care must be taken to protect them from household pets. Box turtles require an outdoor enclosure (although they can have indoor enclosures when necessary), consistent exposure to light and a varied diet. Without these, a turtle's growth can be
854:
of box turtles is therefore probably similar to that of other long-living turtles. The average life span of adult box turtles is 50 years, while a significant portion lives over 100 years. The age of a growing box turtle in the wild cannot be accurately estimated by counting the growth rings on the
1152:
has been declining due to anthropogenic factors and disease. Studies have documented reports of polymicrobial necrotizing bacterial infection. In
Illinois, over 50 box turtles were found dead and this infection was determined to be the cause. Ranavirus may also negatively impact Eastern box turtle
1235:
In
Pennsylvania, the eastern box turtle made it through one house of the legislature, but failed to win final naming in 2009. In Virginia, bills to honor the eastern box turtle failed in 1999 and then in 2009. In opposition one legislator had asked why Virginia would make an official emblem of an
863:
is 1-7 eggs. In captivity and in the southern end of their range, box turtles can have more than one clutch per year, while the average clutch size is larger in more northern populations. Delayed fertility has been observed in female turtles during which a box turtle pair will mate and the female
1987:
McCallum, M.L., J.L. McCallum, S.E. Trauth. 2009. Box turtles generally stay within the same area where they were born. If one is moved more than a half-mile from its territory, it may never find its way back. This may disrupt their breeding cycle. Predicted climate change may spark box turtle
1188:
found that in a 41-month period, nearly 30,000 box turtles were taken from the wild for resale, many for export to Europe. Once captured, turtles are often kept in poor conditions where up to half of them die. Those living long enough to be sold may suffer from conditions such as
912:(amongst others insects, earth worms, millipedes) form the principal component, but the diet also consists for a large part (reports range from 30 to 90%) of vegetation. The diet is amended with fruits (amongst others from cacti, apples and several species of berry) and
1165:
trying to find their original home if they are removed from the exact area that they grew up in. Three-toed box turtles are often considered the best ones to keep as pets since they are hardy and seem to suffer less from being moved into a new environment.
995:
and northeastern parts). The western box turtle is endemic to the south-central and southwestern parts of the U.S. (and adjacent Mexico) while the spotted box turtle is endemic to northwestern Mexico only. The
Coahuilan box turtle is only found in
859:; Their growth is directly affected by the amount of food, types of food, water, illness, and more. Box turtle eggs are flexible, oblong and are (depending on the taxon) on average 2–4 cm long weighing 5-11 g. The normal
1204:
Indiana, Tennessee, and other states prohibit collecting wild turtles, and many states require a permit to keep them. Breeding is prohibited in some states for fear of its possible detrimental effects upon wild populations.
1218:"The turtle watches undisturbed as countless generations of faster 'hares' run by to quick oblivion, and is thus a model of patience for mankind, and a symbol of our State's unrelenting pursuit of great and lofty goals."
1438:
1129:. While its geographic range reduced by 40% to 360 km in the past 40–50 years, the population of this species reduced from "well over 10,000" to "2,500" in 2002. The most widely distributed species
1024:
with rainfall predominantly in summer. The single location where
Coahuilan box turtles are found is a 360 km region characterized by marshes, permanent presence of water and several types of cacti.
1012:
Because box turtles occupy a wide variety of habitats (which both vary on a day-to-day, season-to-season, but also species-to-species basis), a standard box turtle habitat cannot be identified.
1277:
1762:
Adamovicz, Laura; Allender, Matthew C.; Archer, Grace; Rzadkowska, Marta; Boers, Kayla; Phillips, Chris; Driskell, Elizabeth; Kinsel, Michael J.; Chu, Caroline (2018-04-05).
1434:
1310:
1232:
of five U.S. states. North
Carolina and Tennessee honor the eastern box turtle. Missouri names the three-toed box turtle. Kansas and Nebraska honor the ornate box turtle.
1076:
were dated circa 5 million years before present and indicated that those main lineages also already diverged within the
Miocene. The only recognized extinct subspecies (
2296:
1236:
animal that retreats into its shell when frightened. What may have mattered most in
Virginia, though, was the creature's close link to neighbor state North Carolina.
1052:
Box turtles appeared "abruptly in the fossil record, essentially in modern form". The absence of strong changes in their morphology might indicate that they are a
2979:
1056:
species. It is therefore complicated to establish how their evolution from other turtles took place. The oldest finds of fossilized box turtles were found in
1180:
It is recommended to buy captive-bred box turtles (in areas where this is allowed) to reduce the pressure put on the wild populations. A 3-year study in
1383:
2139:
1830:
5348:
1698:
1637:
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Box turtles are native to North
America. The widest distributed species is the common box turtle which is found in the United States (subspecies
463:
which is hinged at the bottom, allowing the animal to retract its head and legs and close its shell tightly to protect itself from predators.
5374:
3931:
3842:
758:
574:
5461:
3850:
3604:
2968:
1295:
2181:
918:
459:). The 12 taxa which are distinguished in the genus are distributed over seven species. They are largely characterized by having a domed
1923:
655:
1247:
5322:
1937:
5361:
1442:
5456:
489:
separated into two or three divisions, and which could move these parts independently. He placed in this genus, among others,
2329:
2218:
5366:
5184:
Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated
Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status
2993:
turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status
2369:
3024:
2291:
5182:
2992:
2406:
2323:
5446:
2282:
1962:
1053:
2297:"Turtles of the World, 2010 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution and Conservation Status"
5413:
1892:
5379:
1208:
Collecting box turtles from the wild may damage their populations, as these turtles have a low reproduction rate.
1020:
is the only species regularly found in grasslands, but its subspecies the desert box turtle is also found in the
594:
554:
495:
291:
5057:
4140:
2292:
1390:
374:
2057:
1709:
1648:
455:
in terrestrial habits and overall appearance, they are actually members of the American pond turtle family (
5034:
1834:
1117:
is defined for a species and not for a genus, differences exist between the different species in the genus
5451:
5275:
5270:
5193:
3716:
3100:
2784:
972:
708:
693:
2118:
1184:
indicated that over 7,000 box turtles were taken from the wild for commercial trade. A similar study in
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2739:
980:
5418:
1262:
154:
1986:
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364:
17:
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most, which indicates that the common ancestor was also an aquatic species. Fossilized specimens of
4095:
3017:
2916:
2896:
2684:
997:
4951:
2679:
2295:[Rhodin; Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley (2010-12-14).
1764:"Investigation of multiple mortality events in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)"
776:
686:
523:
1999:
1747:
1586:
1153:
population. Continued investigation of Box turtle disease is important to conservation efforts.
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5210:
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3321:
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2724:
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651:
5353:
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Sniffer dogs have been trained to find and track box turtles as part of conservation efforts.
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5392:
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3169:
2719:
2689:
1692:
1631:
1284:
976:
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601:
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and was, with a carapace length of 30 cm (12 in), much larger than other species.
928:). While reports exist that during their first five to six years, box turtles are primarily
767:
5296:
5257:
4909:
3575:
3199:
2936:
2846:
2815:
2810:
2759:
2750:
2629:
2609:
2604:
2358:
2085:
1775:
643:
537:). Currently, seven species are classified within the genus and 12 taxa are distinguished:
533:
992:
8:
5248:
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3253:
3010:
2714:
2709:
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2579:
1114:
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1941:
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1806:
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1301:
851:
678:
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581:
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352:
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319:
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149:
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1661:
1600:
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5283:
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1917:
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1811:
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746:
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701:
541:
384:
325:
2255:
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1327:
724:
671:
621:
510:
404:
394:
331:
35:
5262:
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Once maturity is reached, the chance of death seems not to increase with age. The
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3975:
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2886:
2820:
1788:
1722:
1138:
2271:
State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols: A Historical Guide, Revised and Expanded
908:
with a varied diet, as a box turtle will "basically eat anything it can catch".
4979:
4969:
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4716:
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4258:
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1672:
1611:
1572:
1501:
1229:
1013:
909:
610:
590:
550:
287:
226:
88:
1289:. Rings can be used to estimate the age of box turtles in their early years.
130:
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5019:
4995:
4512:
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4195:
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3162:
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2654:
2550:
2246:
2229:
1194:
1029:
860:
789:
63:
2119:"2009-73-1901 Kansas Code patriotic emblems, state reptile, designation"
1899:
5327:
5151:
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5011:
4788:
4708:
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216:
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73:
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2770:
2665:
2640:
2620:
2570:
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1198:
1185:
933:
166:
113:
57:
5204:
1493:
5314:
5227:
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4807:
4796:
4692:
4357:
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4126:
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3864:
3790:
3695:
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3660:
3646:
3502:
3429:
3298:
3277:
3269:
3051:
2486:
2465:
2434:
2415:
2273:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. pp.
2161:"SB 1504 Eastern Box Turtle; designating as official state reptile"
1081:
1057:
1001:
924:
905:
456:
452:
246:
236:
186:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
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118:
93:
50:
1060:(U.S.), date from about 15 million years before present (in the
4837:
4480:
3072:
3045:
3033:
2446:
2428:
1662:
Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group 1996 (1996).
1601:
Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group 1996 (1996).
1016:
woodlands are a habitat where box turtles are generally found.
877:
439:
206:
176:
5301:
4044:
3111:
3002:
2182:"Virginia House crushes box turtle's bid to be state reptile"
1857:
1562:
van Dijk, P.P.; Flores-Villela, O. & Howeth, J. (2016) .
1181:
885:
869:
856:
443:
1478:"Continued Fertility in Female Box Turtles Following Mating"
1040:. Other box turtles in higher temperatures are more active (
3540:
2595:
1723:
Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (2016) .
881:
865:
481:
34:. For unrelated Asian species also called box turtles, see
1145:
insufficient information is available for classification.
2266:"Miscellaneous Official State and Territory Designations"
30:
This article is about American box turtles of the genus
1125:, as it is endemic only to Coahuila, is classified as
936:, there is no scientific basis for such a difference.
2002:. North Carolina Department of the Secretary of State
1389:(in German). Johann Christian Krieger. Archived from
1316:
1856 watercolor of a box turtle by Jacques Burkhardt.
2132:
2000:"Eastern Box Turtle – North Carolina State Reptiles"
451:. Although box turtles are superficially similar to
2483:
2264:
2227:
1433:C.H. Ernst; R.G.M. Altenburg & R.W. Barbour.
5433:
2263:Shearer, Benjamin F; Shearer, Barbara S (1994).
513:have been formerly classified within the genus
2375:Article on box turtle natural history and care
2262:
1980:
5181:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
3419:
3018:
2991:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
2400:
2211:North American Box Turtles: A Natural History
1439:Netherlands Biodiversity Information Facility
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
27:North American turtles of the genus Terrapene
2088:. Missouri Secretary of State Robin Carnihan
1879:"Box Turtle Conservation | Box Turtles"
2380:Webpage on box turtle care and conservation
2140:"Regular Session 2009–2010: House Bill 621"
1748:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T21643A9304626.en
1697:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1636:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1587:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T21642A9304337.en
939:
845:
4224:
3151:
3090:
3025:
3011:
2407:
2393:
2362:
2111:
2099:
2086:"State Symbols of Missouri: State Reptile"
2033:"Official State Symbols of North Carolina"
2013:
1533:
1531:
1381:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1339:
1087:
129:
2245:
2153:
2050:
1805:
1787:
1746:
1585:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1044:) or only active during the wet seasons.
2078:
1855:
1849:
1177:stunted and its immune system weakened.
1167:
1096:
943:
466:
2105:
2019:
1555:
1543:
1528:
1516:
1457:
1358:
795:
485:, describing those species which had a
14:
5434:
2230:"Checklist of Chelonians of the World"
1988:declines. Amphibia-Reptilia 30:259-264
1922:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1831:"Service Dogs Find Endangered Species"
1426:
1407:
1352:
1159:
1092:
5209:
5208:
3099:
3006:
2388:
2174:
1475:
1384:"Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien"
1375:
1369:
2208:
948:Distribution of the four species of
5462:Species endangered by the pet trade
2414:
2316:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010
1828:
1822:
1734:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1673:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1612:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1573:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1133:is classified as vulnerable, while
1064:) and resemble the aquatic species
24:
25:
5473:
2347:
2228:Fritz, Uwe; Havaš, Peter (2007).
1549:
1537:
1522:
1463:
1420:
1223:North Carolina Secretary of State
1211:
896:) are known to kill box turtles.
479:in 1820 as a genus separate from
2499:
2213:. University of Oklahoma Press.
2142:. Pennsylvania State Legislature
1309:
1294:
1276:
1261:
1246:
826:
815:
804:
153:
61:
5127:
4547:
2025:
1992:
1955:
1930:
1885:
1871:
1755:
1716:
1655:
1594:
904:North American box turtles are
496:Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum
3032:
2188:. Associated Press. 2009-02-20
1469:
983:parts) and Mexico (subspecies
13:
1:
5457:Reptiles of the United States
2304:Chelonian Research Monographs
2293:Turtle Taxonomy Working Group
2209:Dodd, C. Kenneth Jr. (2002).
2058:"Tennessee Symbols And Honor"
1333:
2163:. Virginia State Legislature
2037:North Carolina State Library
1789:10.1371/journal.pone.0195617
1047:
7:
5194:List of Testudines families
2785:Northern red-bellied cooter
2354:"North American box turtle"
1321:
1254:Terrapene carolina carolina
1150:Terrapene carolina carolina
709:Southern spotted box turtle
694:Northern spotted box turtle
586:Terrapene carolina carolina
10:
5478:
2790:Florida red-bellied cooter
2780:Alabama red-bellied cooter
2740:Yellow-blotched map turtle
2497:
1137:is in a lower category as
1007:
698:Terrapene nelsoni klauberi
618:Terrapene carolina putnami
436:North American box turtles
29:
5217:
5177:
5134:
5120:
5082:
4968:
4941:
4806:
4576:
4554:
4538:
4471:
4337:
4299:
4217:
4186:
4034:
3998:
3989:
3789:
3768:
3614:
3501:
3492:
3439:
3410:
3355:
3287:
3140:
3131:
3109:
3108:
3081:
3040:
2989:
2965:
2870:
2835:
2768:
2748:
2663:
2638:
2618:
2593:
2568:
2548:
2528:
2508:
2482:
2475:
2423:
2039:. State of North Carolina
1963:"DNR: Eastern Box Turtle"
1829:Ray, Julie (2011-07-31).
1239:
1228:Box turtles are official
1172:A box turtle in Missouri.
713:Terrapene nelsoni nelsoni
358:
351:
304:
299:
278:
271:
150:Scientific classification
148:
137:
128:
46:North American box turtle
45:
5447:Turtles of North America
2897:Central Antillean slider
2685:Black-knobbed map turtle
2585:Southwestern pond turtle
1148:The Eastern box turtle,
940:Distribution and habitat
846:Life cycle and predation
751:Terrapene ornata luteola
606:Terrapene carolina major
571:Terrapene carolina bauri
143:Terrapene carolina bauri
1283:Rings on the scutes of
1088:Interaction with humans
899:
880:, but also birds (e.g.
739:Terrapene ornata ornata
524:Cuora amboinensis couro
2907:Cuatro Cienegas slider
2892:Baja California slider
2725:Pearl River map turtle
2705:Mississippi map turtle
1355:, pp. 000.106-107
1220:
1173:
1110:
952:
932:and adults are mostly
788:somatic cells with 50
5401:Paleobiology Database
2980:Wilburemys yakimensis
2720:Pascagoula map turtle
1741:: e.T21643A97298467.
1580:: e.T21642A97428806.
1476:Ewing, H. E. (1943).
1216:
1171:
1100:
998:Cuatro Ciénegas Basin
947:
632:Three-toed box turtle
602:Gulf Coast box turtle
467:Taxonomy and genetics
2937:Meso-American slider
2847:Coahuilan box turtle
2816:Coastal plain cooter
2811:Eastern river cooter
2760:Diamondback terrapin
2680:Barbour's map turtle
2610:Sicilian pond turtle
2605:European pond turtle
2359:Encyclopedia of Life
2247:10.3897/vz.57.e30895
1435:"Terrapene carolina"
1304:in southeast Georgia
1101:Mexican box turtle (
796:Ecology and behavior
722:Western box turtle,
644:Coahuilan box turtle
534:Cuora flavomarginata
529:Terrapene culturalia
505:(but under the name
493:(now accepted to be
2715:Ouachita map turtle
2710:Northern map turtle
2695:Escambia map turtle
2580:Western pond turtle
2065:Tennessee Blue Book
1780:2018PLoSO..1395617A
1160:Box turtles as pets
1115:conservation status
1093:Conservation status
888:) and snakes (e.g.
636:Terrapene triunguis
338:Terrapene triunguis
5452:Reptiles of Mexico
4302:Nanhsiungchelyidae
4267:Macrocephalochelys
2922:Hispaniolan slider
2917:D'Orbigny's slider
2862:Spotted box turtle
2827:Texas river cooter
2690:Cagle's map turtle
2675:Alabama map turtle
2310:: 000.85–000.164.
2234:Vertebrate Zoology
1708:}}: old-form url (
1647:}}: old-form url (
1605:Terrapene carolina
1566:Terrapene coahuila
1540:, pp. 114–116
1466:, pp. 103–105
1302:Florida box turtle
1174:
1131:Terrapene carolina
1123:Terrapene coahuila
1111:
1103:Terrapene mexicana
953:
852:survivorship curve
772:Terrapene yucatana
768:Yucatán box turtle
679:Spotted box turtle
667:Terrapene mexicana
663:Mexican box turtle
648:Terrapene coahuila
582:Eastern box turtle
567:Florida box turtle
546:Terrapene carolina
502:Terrapene carolina
344:Terrapene yucatana
320:Terrapene mexicana
314:Terrapene coahuila
308:Terrapene carolina
281:Terrapene carolina
139:Florida box turtle
5429:
5428:
5388:Open Tree of Life
5211:Taxon identifiers
5202:
5201:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5111:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4213:
4212:
3985:
3984:
3488:
3487:
3406:
3405:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3000:
2999:
2995:. Key: †=extinct.
2942:Nicaraguan slider
2857:Ornate box turtle
2852:Common box turtle
2800:Rio Grande cooter
2730:Ringed map turtle
2630:Blanding's turtle
2495:
2494:
2220:978-0-8061-3501-4
1727:Terrapene nelsoni
1143:Terrapene nelsoni
1080:) dates from the
993:Yucatán peninsula
784:Box turtles have
780:
762:
747:Desert box turtle
743:
735:Ornate box turtle
731:
717:
705:
690:
683:Terrapene nelsoni
675:
659:
640:
625:
614:
598:
578:
558:
542:Common box turtle
519:Terrapene bicolor
511:Asian box turtles
433:
432:
428:
418:
408:
398:
388:
378:
368:
326:Terrapene nelsoni
267:
16:(Redirected from
5469:
5422:
5421:
5409:
5408:
5396:
5395:
5383:
5382:
5370:
5369:
5357:
5356:
5344:
5343:
5331:
5330:
5318:
5317:
5305:
5304:
5292:
5291:
5279:
5278:
5266:
5265:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5206:
5205:
5132:
5131:
5125:
5124:
4637:Chupacabrachelys
4552:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4222:
4221:
4000:Carettochelyidae
3996:
3995:
3499:
3498:
3417:
3416:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3106:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3088:
3087:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2902:Colombian slider
2795:Peninsula cooter
2735:Texas map turtle
2700:False map turtle
2503:
2502:
2480:
2479:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2366:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2328:. Archived from
2301:
2288:
2268:
2259:
2249:
2224:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1965:. Archived from
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1940:. Archived from
1934:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1898:. Archived from
1897:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1858:"Boxturtles.com"
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1837:on 25 March 2012
1833:. Archived from
1826:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1791:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1702:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1666:Terrapene ornata
1659:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1441:. Archived from
1430:
1424:
1423:, pp. 24–30
1418:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1382:Blasius Merrem.
1379:
1373:
1367:
1356:
1350:
1328:Asian box turtle
1313:
1298:
1280:
1265:
1250:
1224:
1135:Terrapene ornata
830:
819:
808:
774:
753:
741:
729:
725:Terrapene ornata
715:
700:
685:
669:
650:
638:
620:
608:
588:
573:
548:
509:). Also several
507:Terrapene clausa
491:Terrapene boscii
423:
413:
403:
393:
383:
373:
363:
332:Terrapene ornata
262:
158:
157:
133:
123:
60:
49:Temporal range:
43:
42:
36:Asian box turtle
21:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5417:
5412:
5404:
5399:
5391:
5386:
5378:
5373:
5365:
5360:
5352:
5347:
5339:
5334:
5326:
5321:
5313:
5308:
5300:
5295:
5287:
5282:
5274:
5269:
5261:
5256:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5213:
5203:
5198:
5165:
5108:
5085:Sahonachelyidae
5078:
4964:
4937:
4802:
4733:Phosphatochelys
4572:
4526:
4467:
4462:Terlinguachelys
4430:Pneumatoarthrus
4333:
4295:
4209:
4182:
4030:
3981:
3785:
3764:
3752:Siebenrockiella
3610:
3484:
3435:
3402:
3351:
3338:Mesodermochelys
3283:
3144:
3115:
3077:
3036:
3031:
3001:
2996:
2985:
2961:
2932:Maranhão slider
2927:Jamaican slider
2887:Big Bend slider
2866:
2831:
2821:Suwannee cooter
2764:
2744:
2659:
2634:
2614:
2589:
2564:
2544:
2524:
2504:
2500:
2491:
2484:Species of the
2471:
2419:
2413:
2350:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2299:
2285:
2221:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1893:"Archived copy"
1891:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1827:
1823:
1774:(4): e0195617.
1760:
1756:
1721:
1717:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1660:
1656:
1642:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1599:
1595:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1494:10.2307/1437776
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1445:on 24 July 2011
1431:
1427:
1419:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1359:
1351:
1340:
1336:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1242:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1162:
1139:near threatened
1095:
1090:
1050:
1010:
942:
902:
848:
843:
842:
841:
840:
833:
832:
831:
822:
821:
820:
811:
810:
809:
798:
742:(Agassiz, 1857)
730:(Agassiz, 1857)
716:Stejneger, 1925
639:(Agassiz, 1857)
471:The genus name
469:
419:
409:
399:
389:
379:
369:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
295:
284:
261:
152:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
55:
54:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5475:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5410:
5397:
5384:
5371:
5358:
5345:
5332:
5319:
5306:
5293:
5280:
5267:
5254:
5239:
5223:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5188:
5187:. † = extinct.
5178:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5155:
5147:
5138:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5098:
5089:
5087:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5031:
5023:
5015:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4983:
4980:Albertwoodemys
4974:
4972:
4970:Podocnemididae
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4955:
4947:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4867:Lomalatachelys
4862:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4792:
4784:
4776:
4768:
4760:
4752:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4720:
4717:Labrostochelys
4712:
4704:
4696:
4688:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4583:
4581:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4561:
4559:
4557:Araripemydidae
4549:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4457:
4449:
4441:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4344:
4342:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4306:
4304:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4259:Emarginachelys
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4228:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4204:Sinaspideretes
4199:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4092:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4021:
4013:
4004:
4002:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3964:
3957:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3881:Hesperotestudo
3876:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3775:
3773:
3771:Platysternidae
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3425:
3423:
3421:Dermatemydidae
3414:
3412:Kinosternoidea
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3381:Procolpochelys
3376:
3368:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3293:
3291:
3289:Dermochelyidae
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3181:
3178:Carolinochelys
3173:
3166:
3157:
3155:
3146:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2974:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2560:Chicken turtle
2556:
2554:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2540:Spotted turtle
2536:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2520:Painted turtle
2516:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2349:
2348:External links
2346:
2345:
2344:
2325:978-0965354097
2324:
2289:
2283:
2260:
2240:(2): 149–368.
2225:
2219:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2186:NBC Washington
2173:
2152:
2131:
2110:
2098:
2077:
2049:
2024:
2012:
1991:
1979:
1954:
1929:
1884:
1870:
1856:William Berg.
1848:
1821:
1754:
1715:
1654:
1593:
1554:
1542:
1527:
1515:
1488:(2): 112–114.
1468:
1456:
1425:
1406:
1374:
1357:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1230:state reptiles
1215:
1213:
1212:State reptiles
1210:
1161:
1158:
1105:) in southern
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1049:
1046:
1042:T. c. yukatana
1009:
1006:
941:
938:
901:
898:
847:
844:
837:T. c. carolina
835:
834:
825:
824:
823:
814:
813:
812:
803:
802:
801:
800:
799:
797:
794:
782:
781:
765:
764:
763:
744:
720:
719:
718:
706:
676:
660:
641:
629:
628:
627:
615:
599:
579:
477:Blasius Merrem
475:was coined by
468:
465:
431:
430:
356:
355:
349:
348:
302:
301:
297:
296:
285:
276:
275:
269:
268:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
146:
145:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5474:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5420:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5244:
5240:
5235:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5207:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5162:
5161:
5160:Tacuarembemys
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5095:Sahonachelys
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5058:Peltocephalus
5055:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5043:Lapparentemys
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4943:Pelomedusidae
4940:
4934:
4933:
4932:Yaminuechelys
4928:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4903:Prochelidella
4899:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4817:Acanthochelys
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4701:Kinkonychelys
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4685:Itapecuruemys
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4645:Eotaphrosphys
4641:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4579:Bothremydidae
4575:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4489:Argillochelys
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4454:Santanachelys
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4398:Desmatochelys
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4382:Calcarichelys
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4366:Atlantochelys
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4340:Protostegidae
4336:
4330:
4329:
4328:Jiangxichelys
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4312:Anomalochelys
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4290:Protochelydra
4286:
4284:
4283:
4282:Planiplastron
4278:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4089:Drazinderetes
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4025:Carettochelys
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3909:Malacochersus
3906:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3800:Aldabrachelys
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3682:Leucocephalon
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3633:Banhxeochelys
3629:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3494:Testudinoidea
3491:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3441:Kinosternidae
3438:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3389:Protosphargis
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3145:(Sea turtles)
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3005:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2947:Ornate slider
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:Atrato slider
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2459:Testudinoidea
2457:Superfamily:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2335:on 2011-07-17
2331:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2284:0-313-28862-3
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2162:
2156:
2141:
2135:
2120:
2114:
2108:, p. 315
2107:
2102:
2087:
2081:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2022:, p. 321
2021:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1969:on 2013-10-05
1968:
1964:
1958:
1944:on 2007-12-09
1943:
1939:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1905:on 2007-10-08
1901:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1874:
1859:
1852:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1525:, p. 140
1524:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1396:on 2011-10-05
1392:
1385:
1378:
1372:, p. 196
1371:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:T. c. putnami
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1003:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:south-central
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
946:
937:
935:
931:
927:
926:
921:
920:
915:
911:
910:Invertebrates
907:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
858:
853:
838:
829:
818:
807:
793:
791:
787:
778:
773:
769:
766:
760:
756:
752:
748:
745:
740:
736:
733:
732:
727:
726:
721:
714:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:
691:
688:
684:
680:
677:
673:
668:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:
637:
633:
630:
623:
619:
616:
612:
607:
603:
600:
596:
592:
587:
583:
580:
576:
572:
568:
565:
564:
562:
556:
552:
547:
543:
540:
539:
538:
536:
535:
530:
526:
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
498:
497:
492:
488:
484:
483:
478:
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:
445:
441:
437:
429:
426:
422:
416:
412:
406:
402:
396:
392:
386:
382:
376:
372:
366:
362:
357:
354:
350:
347:
346:
345:
340:
339:
334:
333:
328:
327:
322:
321:
316:
315:
310:
309:
303:
298:
293:
289:
283:
282:
277:
274:
270:
265:
260:
259:
255:
252:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:Testudinoidea
225:
223:Superfamily:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
156:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:
52:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5218:
5183:
5158:
5150:
5142:
5101:
5093:
5071:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5041:
5035:Erymnochelys
5033:
5026:
5020:Cerrejonemys
5018:
5010:
5002:
4996:Brontochelys
4994:
4986:
4978:
4957:
4950:
4930:
4922:
4915:
4910:Pseudemydura
4908:
4901:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4565:
4519:
4513:Prionochelys
4511:
4503:
4495:
4487:
4479:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4390:Cratochelone
4388:
4380:
4374:Bouliachelys
4372:
4364:
4356:
4350:Alienochelys
4348:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4265:
4257:
4251:Chelydropsis
4249:
4241:
4233:
4202:
4196:Basilochelys
4194:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4120:Khunnuchelys
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4087:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4043:
4036:Trionychidae
4023:
4016:
4010:Allaeochelys
4008:
3974:
3967:
3961:Stigmochelys
3959:
3952:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3924:Megalochelys
3922:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3841:
3835:Cylindraspis
3833:
3826:
3819:
3814:Centrochelys
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:Testudinidae
3780:Platysternon
3778:
3759:Vijayachelys
3757:
3750:
3743:
3738:Rhinoclemmys
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3703:Melanochelys
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3623:
3603:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3513:Acherontemys
3511:
3479:Sternotherus
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3448:
3428:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3346:Psephophorus
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3297:
3276:
3268:
3262:Pacifichelys
3260:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3231:Lepidochelys
3229:
3222:
3214:
3208:Gigantatypus
3206:
3200:Eretmochelys
3198:
3191:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3161:
3142:Chelonioidea
3110:
3062:
2978:
2967:
2957:Yaqui slider
2912:Cuban slider
2871:
2836:
2809:(subspecies
2805:River cooter
2769:
2749:
2664:
2639:
2619:
2594:
2569:
2549:
2529:
2509:
2485:
2464:
2357:
2337:. Retrieved
2330:the original
2307:
2303:
2270:
2237:
2233:
2210:
2203:Bibliography
2190:. Retrieved
2185:
2176:
2165:. Retrieved
2155:
2144:. Retrieved
2134:
2123:. Retrieved
2113:
2106:Shearer 1994
2101:
2090:. Retrieved
2080:
2069:. Retrieved
2064:
2052:
2041:. Retrieved
2036:
2027:
2020:Shearer 1994
2015:
2004:. Retrieved
1994:
1982:
1971:. Retrieved
1967:the original
1957:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:the original
1932:
1907:. Retrieved
1900:the original
1887:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1824:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1718:
1693:cite journal
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1671:
1665:
1657:
1632:cite journal
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1610:
1604:
1596:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1557:
1552:, p. 60
1545:
1518:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1443:the original
1428:
1398:. Retrieved
1391:the original
1377:
1286:T. triunguis
1285:
1268:
1253:
1234:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1203:
1191:malnutrition
1179:
1175:
1163:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1102:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1051:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1017:
1011:
988:
984:
981:southeastern
968:
964:
960:
956:
954:
949:
923:
917:
903:
894:cottonmouths
849:
836:
783:
771:
750:
738:
723:
712:
697:
682:
666:
647:
635:
617:
605:
585:
570:
561:type species
545:
532:
528:
522:
518:
514:
506:
500:
494:
490:
480:
472:
470:
447:
446:
435:
434:
420:
410:
400:
390:
380:
370:
360:
359:
342:
336:
330:
324:
318:
312:
306:
305:
279:
273:Type species
257:
256:
142:
40:
31:
5336:iNaturalist
5243:Wikispecies
5073:Stupendemys
5028:Cordichelys
4874:Mesoclemmys
4859:Hydromedusa
4781:Taphrosphys
4773:Sankuchemys
4765:Rhothonemys
4741:Polysternon
4621:Cearachelys
4605:Azabbaremys
4589:Araiochelys
4505:Ctenochelys
4497:Bashuchelys
4446:Rhinochelys
4422:Ocepechelon
4414:Notochelone
4406:Iserosaurus
4274:Macrochelys
4226:Chelydridae
4149:Palaeoamyda
4074:Cyclanorbis
3939:Psammobates
3932:Oligopherus
3895:Indotestudo
3843:Cymatholcus
3821:Chelonoidis
3807:Astrochelys
3616:Geoemydidae
3534:Deirochelys
3472:Staurotypus
3465:Kinosternon
3458:Hoplochelys
3373:Peritresius
3322:Dermochelys
3315:Cosmochelys
3307:Corsochelys
3224:Itilochelys
3216:Glarichelys
3163:Allopleuron
3153:Cheloniidae
3092:Superfamily
2952:Pond slider
2655:Wood turtle
2551:Deirochelys
1449:12 February
1353:Rhodin 2010
1269:T. c. bauri
1195:dehydration
1074:T. carolina
1066:T. coahuila
1038:T. c. major
1034:T. coahuila
1030:hibernation
1004:, Mexico).
934:herbivorous
930:carnivorous
876:, dogs and
861:clutch size
839:laying eggs
790:chromosomes
243:Subfamily:
5436:Categories
5152:Caririemys
5065:Podocnemis
5051:Latentemys
5012:Carbonemys
4952:Pelomedusa
4789:Ummulisani
4709:Kurmademys
4677:Inaechelys
4661:Galianemys
4629:Chedighaii
4567:Araripemys
4540:Pleurodira
4521:Toxochelys
4438:Protostega
4243:Chelydrops
4163:Pelodiscus
4156:Pelochelys
4104:Gilmoremys
4081:Cycloderma
3991:Trionychia
3858:Geochelone
3851:Floridemys
3717:Notochelys
3605:Wilburemys
3576:Malaclemys
3430:Dermatemys
3397:Puppigerus
3330:Eosphargis
3247:Miocaretta
3239:Mexichelys
3133:Cryptodira
3073:Testudines
3034:Testudines
2969:Wilburemys
2751:Malaclemys
2650:Bog turtle
2453:Cryptodira
2451:Suborder:
2447:Testudines
2339:2011-01-23
2192:2011-02-25
2167:2011-02-25
2146:2011-02-25
2125:2011-02-11
2092:2011-01-21
2071:2011-01-22
2043:2008-01-26
2006:2011-02-13
1973:2013-08-12
1948:2007-06-19
1938:"TTN 1:19"
1909:2007-06-19
1400:2011-01-23
1370:Fritz 2007
1334:References
1127:endangered
1107:Tamaulipas
1054:generalist
1022:semidesert
914:gastropods
755:H.M. Smith
401:Onychotria
375:Rafinesque
217:Cryptodira
213:Suborder:
207:Testudines
56:15–0
53:- Recent,
5442:Terrapene
5263:Terrapene
5249:Terrapene
5219:Terrapene
5192:See also
5144:Caribemys
5004:Caninemys
4988:Bauruemys
4917:Rheodytes
4881:Myuchelys
4824:Chelodina
4749:Puentemys
4725:Nigeremys
4669:Ilatardia
4613:Bothremys
4320:Basilemys
4134:Nilssonia
4112:Hutchemys
4060:Axestemys
4018:Anosteira
3873:Hadrianus
3731:Pangshura
3689:Malayemys
3654:Geoclemys
3597:Trachemys
3590:Terrapene
3583:Pseudemys
3569:Graptemys
3562:Glyptemys
3555:Emydoidea
3548:Actinemys
3520:Chrysemys
3365:Euclastes
3193:Eochelone
3044:Kingdom:
2873:Trachemys
2838:Terrapene
2771:Pseudemys
2666:Graptemys
2641:Glyptemys
2621:Emydoidea
2571:Actinemys
2511:Chrysemys
2427:Kingdom:
1863:10 August
1798:1932-6203
1706:cite iucn
1645:cite iucn
1502:0045-8511
1271:hatchling
1199:infection
1186:Louisiana
1119:Terrapene
1070:T. ornata
1048:Evolution
1028:Prior to
1018:T. ornata
969:triunguis
950:Terrapene
919:Heliosoma
906:omnivores
777:Boulenger
687:Stejneger
626:(extinct)
515:Terrapene
473:Terrapene
453:tortoises
448:Terrapene
385:Fitzinger
381:Pyxidemys
258:Terrapene
173:Kingdom:
167:Eukaryota
32:Terrapene
18:Terrapene
5228:Wikidata
4959:Pelusios
4924:Rhinemys
4895:Platemys
4888:Phrynops
4808:Chelidae
4797:Zolhafah
4693:Jainemys
4358:Archelon
4235:Chelydra
4127:Lissemys
3969:Stylemys
3954:Solitudo
3916:Manouria
3865:Gopherus
3828:Chersina
3696:Mauremys
3675:Heosemys
3668:Hardella
3661:Geoemyda
3647:Cyclemys
3503:Emydidae
3450:Claudius
3299:Arabemys
3278:Tasbacka
3270:Syllomus
3185:Chelonia
3083:Suborder
3067:Diapsida
3058:Reptilia
3052:Chordata
3050:Phylum:
3046:Animalia
2487:Emydidae
2466:Emydidae
2463:Family:
2441:Reptilia
2435:Chordata
2433:Phylum:
2429:Animalia
2416:Emydidae
2256:87809001
2121:. Justia
1918:cite web
1841:4 August
1816:29621347
1768:PLOS ONE
1322:See also
1109:, Mexico
1082:Pliocene
1058:Nebraska
1002:Coahuila
989:mexicana
985:yukatana
957:carolina
925:Succinea
874:raccoons
622:O.P. Hay
591:Linnaeus
551:Linnaeus
517:; e.g.,
457:Emydidae
421:Toxaspis
411:Pariemys
391:Emyoides
353:Synonyms
300:Species
288:Linnaeus
247:Emydinae
237:Emydidae
233:Family:
197:Reptilia
187:Chordata
183:Phylum:
177:Animalia
163:Domain:
5419:1287521
5393:1013360
5354:1289950
5328:2442346
5234:Q734870
5103:Sokatra
4852:Emydura
4757:Rosasia
4653:Foxemys
4597:Arenila
4177:Trionyx
4170:Rafetus
4096:Dogania
4052:Apalone
3976:Testudo
3902:Kinixys
3888:Homopus
3745:Sacalia
3724:Orlitia
3710:Morenia
3625:Batagur
3527:Clemmys
3254:Natator
3170:Caretta
3071:Order:
3056:Class:
2531:Clemmys
2445:Order:
2439:Class:
2356:at the
2275:167–326
1807:5886585
1776:Bibcode
1622:20 July
1510:1437776
1256:(young)
1113:As the
1062:Miocene
1008:Habitat
977:eastern
878:rodents
786:diploid
779:, 1895)
674:, 1849)
652:Schmidt
613:, 1857)
611:Agassiz
487:sternum
442:of the
440:turtles
371:Diducla
365:Fleming
361:Cistuda
253:Genus:
203:Order:
193:Class:
51:Miocene
5367:173775
5315:1TRRPG
5276:191070
5135:
5128:
5121:
4845:Elusor
4838:Elseya
4831:Chelus
4548:
4481:Adocus
4472:
4218:
4187:
4067:Chitra
3769:
3356:
3101:Family
2490:family
2476:Genera
2418:family
2322:
2281:
2254:
2217:
1814:
1804:
1796:
1683:13 Feb
1508:
1500:
1482:Copeia
1240:Photos
1197:, and
1141:. For
979:, and
890:racers
886:ravens
870:skunks
857:scutes
761:, 1952
759:Ramsey
757:&
704:, 1943
702:Bogert
689:, 1925
658:, 1944
654:&
624:, 1906
577:, 1895
575:Taylor
527:) and
499:) and
427:, 1895
417:, 1895
407:, 1849
397:, 1844
387:, 1835
377:, 1832
367:, 1822
266:, 1820
264:Merrem
5414:WoRMS
5406:37737
5380:85610
5349:IRMNG
5341:39806
5302:14127
5289:6478B
4141:Palea
4045:Amyda
3946:Pyxis
3640:Cuora
3112:Genus
3063:Clade
2333:(PDF)
2300:(PDF)
2252:S2CID
2067:: 526
2061:(PDF)
1903:(PDF)
1896:(PDF)
1550:KDodd
1538:KDodd
1523:KDodd
1506:JSTOR
1464:KDodd
1421:KDodd
1394:(PDF)
1387:(PDF)
1182:Texas
1014:Mesic
965:bauri
961:major
882:crows
866:minks
656:Owens
531:(now
521:(now
461:shell
444:genus
5375:NCBI
5362:ITIS
5323:GBIF
5310:EPPO
5271:BOLD
3541:Emys
2596:Emys
2370:ITIS
2320:ISBN
2279:ISBN
2215:ISBN
1924:link
1865:2013
1843:2011
1812:PMID
1794:ISSN
1739:1996
1710:help
1699:link
1685:2011
1678:1996
1649:help
1638:link
1624:2011
1617:1996
1578:2007
1498:ISSN
1486:1943
1451:2011
1072:and
1036:and
987:and
900:Diet
672:Gray
595:1758
555:1758
482:Emys
438:are
425:Cope
415:Cope
405:Gray
395:Gray
292:1758
64:PreꞒ
5297:EoL
5284:CoL
5258:ADW
2312:doi
2242:doi
1802:PMC
1784:doi
1743:doi
1582:doi
1490:doi
5438::
5416::
5403::
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114:Pg
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
