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compliance with the benchmark, the rate of students receiving special education in Texas fell to 8.5% in 2015, far below the national average of 13%. School districts implemented a wide range of practices to reduce the number of students, including cutting services for certain children with autism and dyslexia, refusing to conduct eligibility evaluations in other languages, and refusing to accept medical records from other countries. Students who are
English Language Learners (ELL) also faced a disproportionate impact resulting in a 20% difference in the rate of ELL students getting special education services compared to native speakers. In
2657:
measures in Texas following the Robb
Elementary School tragedy. It highlights the efforts and trainings by the Texas School Safety Center (TxSSC) and outlines specific actions for school districts to improve safety and security. These actions include reviewing and updating Emergency Operations Plans, training staff, conducting safety assessments, and ensuring compliance with state laws. The letter also mandates random inspections to test security measures and calls for legislative support to secure necessary resources. The overall goal is to instill a culture of constant vigilance and accountability across all Texas schools.
2670:
stated that further actions were necessary before the next school year. Abbott called for the creation of a Chief of School Safety and
Security within the Texas Education Agency (TEA) to coordinate efforts across various agencies and divisions, ensuring effective implementation of safety policies and best practices. This position was to report directly to the Commissioner and have a direct line to the Governor’s Office, enhancing communication and collaboration without duplicating existing work. Abbott underscored the collective responsibility to provide a safe environment for all students, educators, and staff.
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policies and best practices across Texas. Scott, who has an extensive background in security and intelligence, will report directly to
Commissioner Mike Morath and have a direct line to the Governor’s Office. He will coordinate safety efforts among multiple state agencies and school districts. Governor Abbott has also outlined significant actions to support the Uvalde community and enhance school safety statewide, including financial investments, mental health services, and legislative initiatives.
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outcomes. We align school safety and security expertise with guidance provided through technical assistance to ensure effective best practices are implemented across the state. The Office of School Safety and
Security is divided in the monitoring and technical assistance division and the school readiness division.
927:, the state's largest school district, after the 8.5% goal was met the standard was lowered to 8%. As a result, the district cut hundreds of special education positions, postponed diagnostic evaluations to second grade, and created a list of disqualifying factors that keep students from getting services.
930:
TEA issued a no-bid contract for $ 4.4 million to SPEDx in 2017 to analyze student records to assist with the overhaul of its special education practices. Advocates raised concerns about the lack of a competitive bidding process and the
Georgia-based company's qualifications, and a former TEA special
907:
or appointed board if the elected members are "not getting their job done and they're not pleasing the
Legislature or the citizens, then we ought to take) a thorough look at what they are doing." In 2010, Al Jezeera stated that it was "drafting its own version of American history", including altering
1879:
TEA rates schools and districts using the same four criteria. According to the TEA, the number of state schools and districts receiving the top ratings of "exemplary" and "recognized" increased from 2,213 in 2005 to 3,380 in 2006. In 2020, all schools were given a "not rated" designator due to the
934:
In 2018, the U.S. Department of
Education found that "Texas violated federal law by failing to ensure students with disabilities were properly evaluated and provided with an adequate public education." A multi-year strategic plan was released in 2018. In a grant application to the agency, TEA stated
2677:
The mission of the Office of School Safety and
Security is to build the capacity of the regional education service centers (ESCs) and local education agencies (LEAs) to promote the physical and psychological well-being of students and staff - recognizing that safer schools positively impact student
1452:
Since 2011, the board can still recommend textbooks, but public school districts can order their own books and materials even if their selections are not on the state-approved list. So far, most districts have continued to follow the state-endorsed textbooks, but that trend is expected to change in
837:
performance, financial distress, or mismanagement). This can be in the form of requiring the district to submit corrective action plans and regular status reports, assigning monitors to oversee operations (including the authority to assign a management board, which essentially replaces and performs
2669:
In a letter dated June 9, 2022, to
Commissioner Morath, Governor Abbott emphasized the urgent need to prevent future tragedies like the one in Uvalde by enhancing school safety measures. Despite the comprehensive school safety and mental health legislation passed in 2019 and subsequent efforts, he
2665:
A statutory addition from HB3 charged the agency with establishing the Office of School Safety and Security - a division consisting of individuals with substantial expertise and experience in school or law enforcement safety and security operations. The passage of this bill created Texas Education
1480:
bloc. Ratliff said in 2013 that the board is "far different" in political complexion that it was in 2010. In 2022, the GOP captured an additional seat, bringing their total to 10 of the 15-member board. Many are social conservatives, campaigning against critical race theory and gender identity
2673:
Governor Greg Abbott announced the appointment of John P. Scott as the new Chief of School Safety and Security within the Texas Education Agency (TEA) on October 3. This position was created following the tragedy at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde to ensure the implementation of school safety
2656:
After the Uvalde school shooting, Governor Greg Abbott instructed state school safety and education officials to conduct random assessments on access control in Texas public and charter schools. In a letter dated June 1, 2022, Gov. Abbott emphasized the need to enhance and expand school safety
922:
found that since at least 2004, TEA denied special education services to thousands of students, prompting a federal investigation. State education officials set an arbitrary limit of 8.5% for the number of students who could receive special education services. By strictly enforcing district
3387:
1435:
The other half will have a 4-4-2 cycle, whereupon the seat would stand for election in four years (the year ending in 6), followed by another four-year cycle (the year ending in 0) but then the seat would stand for election in only two years (the year ending in
4520:
1844:
To serve the large number of individual school districts and charter schools in Texas, TEA is divided into 20 regions, each containing an Education Service Center (ESC, sometimes called regional service center or regional education service center).
796:
in Texas did not operate schools but spent money to send children to schools operated by other districts. In the late 1940s, state lawmakers passed a bill abolishing those districts, prompting a wave of mass school district consolidation.
848:
In addition to primary and secondary education, TEA has oversight duties with respect to driver's education courses (initial permits) and defensive driving courses (used to have a ticket dismissed and/or for lower insurance premiums).
861:
resigned as the director of the science curriculum after more than nine years. Comer said that her resignation was a result of pressure from officials who claimed that she had given the appearance of criticizing the teaching of
3395:
4154:
946:
The current commissioner of education is Mike Morath. A former member of the Dallas Independent School District's board of trustees, he was appointed commissioner of education by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott on December 14, 2015.
832:
Although school districts are independent governmental entities, TEA has the authority to oversee a district's operations (either involving an individual school or the entire district) if serious issues arise (such as poor
1892:
In addition to the state ranking, districts and schools can be awarded additional commendations (referred to as Gold Performance acknowledgements) for other noteworthy accomplishments not included in the ranking system.
1862:
The assistance applies to both districts and schools, including charter schools. Notably, the ESCs have no regulatory authority over districts or schools (TEA headquarters reserves this right to itself).
2891:
4159:
1909:. The agency's budget must be approved on the legislature's biannual schedule. Revenues for the agency come from the state general fund (primarily sales taxes), the federal government, the
938:
In September 2020, in the midst of several attempts to place Houston ISD under state control, TEA investigators recommended a state-appointed conservator be selected to oversee the district.
476:
1866:
ESCs are not political units, and as such have no taxing authority. They are funded by state and federal funding, as well as by contracts made with individual districts and schools.
4546:
1432:
One-half will have a 2-4-4 cycle, whereupon the seat would stand for election in two years (the year ending in 4), followed by two four-year cycles (the years ending in 8 and 2).
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4359:
4449:
2725:. Accessed August 30, 2008. "The daily hearings schedule is also posted in the lobby of the William B. Travis State Office Building, 1701 N. Congress Avenue, Austin, Texas."
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285:
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ProPublica, By Lomi Kriel, The Texas Tribune and ProPublica, Alejandro Serrano, The Texas Tribune, and Lexi Churchill, The Texas Tribune and (January 18, 2024).
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The commissioner's role is to lead and manage the Texas Education Agency. The commissioner also co-ordinates efforts between state and federal agencies.
639:
585:
447:
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629:
294:
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3952:
3792:
3180:
538:
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Letter to Dr. Kathy Martinez-Prather, Director of the Texas School Safety Center, calling for immediate school safety review of Texas public schools
4641:
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3619:
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617:
3076:
4587:
4419:
4200:
732:
570:
466:
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845:(UIL), which oversees academic and athletic interscholastic competition in Texas public schools, is a separate entity not under TEA oversight.
663:
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school textbooks to remove what it said was a "left-leaning bias" and making changes that are said to have "religious and racial overtones".
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Once the SBOE meets in session after said election, the members will participate in a drawing to determine their election cycle:
612:
558:
400:
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42:
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In 2009, the board received criticism from more than 50 scientific organizations over an attempt to weaken science standards on
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the duties of the elected school board), and in extreme cases closure of a school campus or even the entire school district.
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523:
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3827:
725:
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383:
346:
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410:
351:
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4369:
4344:
4319:
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4017:
3208:
842:
806:
805:
TEA is responsible for the oversight of public primary and secondary education in the state of Texas, involving over
108:
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4007:
3992:
3832:
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718:
265:
46:
3546:""Cascading failures": Justice Department blasts law enforcement's botched response to Uvalde school shooting"
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4349:
4077:
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3694:
https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/leadership/state-board-of-education/sboe-board-members/sboe-member-district-8
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341:
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The main offices of the Texas Education Agency are located in the William B. Travis State Office Building in
2923:
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the next two years as the districts become more cognizant of their available options. Thomas Ratliff, a
1445:
The board devises policies and sets academic standards for Texas public schools, and oversees the state
1418:. Terms are four years in length, with one two-year term each decade. Similar to the arrangement of the
4236:
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3922:
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that they will not be able to ensure adequate services for special education students until June 2020.
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3872:
3331:
2812:
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TEA is overseen by a 15-member State Board of Education (SBOE) elected from single-member districts.
822:
813:. It is also responsible for the safety of students. However, it does not have any jurisdiction over
605:
437:
1426:
In elections in years ending in 2 (the election after the Census), all 15 seats are up for election.
765:
in the United States. The agency is headquartered in the William B. Travis State Office Building in
82:
3647:. Retrieved from https://gov.texas.gov/uploads/files/press/O-MartinezPratherKathy202206012051_1.pdf
2927:
2765:
2708:. Accessed December 13, 2015. "Texas Education Agency 1701 N. Congress Avenue Austin, Texas, 78701"
1913:(a sovereign wealth fund created by the state with revenues from public lands), and other sources.
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508:
2839:
4129:
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35:
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Under Chapter 8 of the Texas Education Code, ESCs perform the following tasks on behalf of TEA:
4185:
4012:
3852:
3842:
3417:
904:
3129:"Texas is preparing to tell the feds it can't promise a special education fix until June 2020"
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education director filed a federal complaint about TEA violating state procurement processes.
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1208:
481:
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said that the government should "take a look" at the structure of the board and consider a
882:, a documentary film about the re-election of the chairman of the Texas Board of Education
708:
543:
533:
486:
3103:"In new plan, Texas Education Agency vows special education overhaul with limited dollars"
2865:
8:
4149:
2648:* Budget figure is projection; all other years are actual expenditure as reported by TEA
1354:
754:
3749:
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242:
4144:
3660:. Retrieved from https://gov.texas.gov/uploads/files/press/O-MorathMike202206090810.pdf
2779:
900:
863:
3309:
3181:"TEA finds major failures in HISD's special ed department, recommends state oversight"
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Assist school districts in improving student performance in each region of the system;
3754:
3593:
3564:
1906:
1881:
918:
878:
834:
2973:"Denied: How Texas keeps out tens of thousands of children out of special education"
1422:, SBOE members are divided into two groups based in part on the intervening Census:
3727:
3077:"Disability rights advocates call for Texas to halt education data mining contract"
888:
818:
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697:
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858:
793:
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3155:"State judge temporarily blocks Texas from taking over Houston school district"
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814:
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2998:"Denied: Schools push students out of special education to meet state limit"
1905:, at the direction of their elected legislature and with the consent of the
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3586:"Read the Justice Department Report on the Uvalde School Shooting Response"
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and the curriculum controversy, was released. In late January 2013, PBS's
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Enable school districts to operate more efficiently and economically; and
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2945:"Feds say Texas illegally failed to educate students with disabilities"
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896:
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3658:
Letter to Commissioner Mike Morath on enhancing school safety measures
1858:
Implement initiatives assigned by the legislature or the commissioner.
870:
4521:
District of Columbia Office of the State Superintendent of Education
3051:"Denied: Houston schools block disabled kids from special education"
24:
3671:"Governor Abbott Announces New Chief Of School Safety And Security"
1442:
As such, every two years, about half of the SBOE is on the ballot.
659:
2892:"Straus: Look at changing state school board elections—maybe more"
777:'s board of trustees, was appointed commissioner of education by
4215:
3721:
692:
2701:
1476:, a former education board chairman who was the leader of the
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762:
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on December 14, 2015, and began serving on January 4, 2016.
130:
3516:"Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2016"
3484:"Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2018"
3452:"Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2020"
3026:"Denied: Texas schools shut out English Language Learners"
1901:
The Texas Education Agency is funded by the people of the
206:
Martin Winchester, Deputy Commissioner of Educator Support
16:
Education branch of the government of Texas, United States
3737:
233:
2736:"Morath takes office as Texas Commissioner of Education"
1833:
2660:
4155:
Office of Court Administration/Texas Judicial Council
1869:
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State departments of education of the United States
1449:and selects textbooks to be used in Texas schools.
218:
Megan Aghazadian, Deputy Commissioner of Operations
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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3235:"Dallas Trustee is Next Education Commissioner"
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3201:
2780:"Evolution Debate Led to Ouster, Official Says"
1874:
3838:Dept. of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services
2769:. February 22, 2011. Retrieved on May 9, 2011.
2691:
807:1,000 individual school districts in the state
4201:
3786:
3418:"Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18"
2761:Chopping block: school district consolidation
726:
3569:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3198:
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3410:
2808:"State science curriculum director resigns"
1406:
852:
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3848:School for the Blind and Visually Impaired
3793:
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3543:
1829:List of Education Service Centers in Texas
733:
719:
241:
209:Kara Belew, Deputy Commissioner of Finance
141:
3178:
1116:Interim November 1, 1984 – April 12, 1985
300:History of education in the United States
221:Melody Parrish, Chief Information Officer
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
4243:Department of Defense Education Activity
3618:Agency, Texas Education (June 4, 2024).
2938:
2936:
1931:Enrollment % change over prior year
1896:
1837:Education Service Center Region XIII in
1832:
1318:Interim July 2, 2007 – October 15, 2007
1305:
1107:
4642:Government agencies established in 1949
4218:education agencies in the United States
3908:Dept. of Family and Protective Services
3357:Will Weissert, "Law weakens ed board",
3232:
3179:Carpenter, Jacob (September 30, 2020).
1487:SBOE officers, committees, and members
4614:
3953:Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs
3868:Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner
3617:
3523:State of Texas, Texas Education Agency
3491:State of Texas, Texas Education Agency
3459:State of Texas, Texas Education Agency
3425:State of Texas, Texas Education Agency
3327:"End poor guidance of Texas education"
4232:United States Department of Education
4189:
3774:
3152:
3126:
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3074:
3020:
3018:
2967:
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2942:
2933:
2844:National Center for Science Education
2702:Welcome to the Texas Education Agency
325:History of education in New York City
315:History of education in Massachusetts
4582:
4175:State Commission on Judicial Conduct
4160:Office of Capital and Forensic Writs
3933:Health and Human Services Commission
2666:Code, Section. 37.1083 and 37.1084.
2661:Office of School Safety and Security
892:aired an abridged version the film.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
4033:Residential Construction Commission
3943:Higher Education Coordinating Board
3883:Commission on Environmental Quality
3233:Collier, Kiah (December 14, 2015).
2816:. November 29, 2007. Archived from
1928:Enrollment (for school year ending)
916:A series of reports in 2016 by the
215:, Deputy Commissioner of Governance
203:, Deputy Commissioner for Academics
13:
3583:
3388:"Schools improve across the state"
3380:
3075:Swaby, Aliyya (December 6, 2017).
3015:
2962:
2943:Swaby, Aliyya (January 11, 2018).
1870:School and district accountability
775:Dallas Independent School District
14:
4658:
4038:Soil and Water Conservation Board
3983:Dept. of Licensing and Regulation
3699:
3153:Swaby, Aliyya (January 9, 2020).
1888:Gold Performance acknowledgements
843:University Interscholastic League
4593:
4581:
4570:
4569:
4068:University of North Texas System
3928:Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority
3802:
3720:
3706:
3394:. August 3, 2006. Archived from
3335:. April 24, 2009. Archived from
3285:"TEA Commissioners 1950-Present"
3127:Swaby, Aliyya (March 27, 2019).
3101:Swaby, Aliyya (March 20, 2018).
2900:. March 27, 2009. Archived from
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2037:
2024:
2023:
2008:
2007:
1994:
1993:
1970:
1969:
1946:
1945:
702:
691:
320:History of education in Missouri
310:History of education in Kentucky
129:
23:
4048:Texas A&M University System
3978:Library and Archives Commission
3663:
3650:
3637:
3611:
3577:
3537:
3525:. State of Texas. December 2015
3493:. State of Texas. December 2017
3461:. State of Texas. December 2019
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3146:
3120:
3094:
3068:
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2990:
2916:
1925:% budget change over prior year
952:
912:Special education controversies
305:History of education in Chicago
135:The Texas Education Agency logo
34:needs additional citations for
4514:Agency of the federal district
3993:Lower Colorado River Authority
3958:Dept. of Information Resources
3938:Dept. of State Health Services
3863:Comptroller of Public Accounts
2924:Texas looks to rewrite history
2884:
2858:
2832:
2800:
2772:
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2728:
2711:
792:Prior to the late 1940s, many
640:Full-service community schools
1:
4078:Texas State University System
3828:Alcoholic Beverage Commission
3427:. State of Texas. August 2018
2840:"Texas needs to get it right"
2684:
4647:1949 establishments in Texas
4083:Texas Tech University System
4063:University of Houston System
3968:Commission on Jail Standards
3209:"Office of the Commissioner"
2723:Railroad Commission of Texas
1922:Budget, for fiscal year ($ )
1875:Education performance rating
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180:1701 North Congress Avenue,
7:
4093:Juvenile Justice Department
4003:Dept. of Parks and Wildlife
3893:Employees Retirement System
3656:Abbott, G. (2022, June 9).
3643:Abbott, G. (2022, June 1).
3374:"Education Service Centers"
3363:, September 16, 2013, p. 6A
2719:Week of April 16 – 20, 2001
956:Commissioners of Education
773:, formerly a member of the
618:For-profit higher education
10:
4663:
4237:Bureau of Indian Education
4165:State Prosecuting Attorney
4073:University of Texas System
3260:"Commissioner's Biography"
1826:
1822:
787:
571:School corporal punishment
4627:Public education in Texas
4565:
4529:
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4252:
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4140:Dept. of Criminal Justice
4135:Court of Criminal Appeals
4122:
4101:
4043:Teacher Retirement System
3878:Board of Dental Examiners
3815:
3620:"School Safety Resources"
3332:Austin American-Statesman
2813:Austin American-Statesman
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942:Commissioner of education
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606:School-to-work transition
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4547:Northern Mariana Islands
4530:Agencies by insular area
4109:House of Representatives
3833:Animal Health Commission
2766:San Antonio Express-News
1934:State funding per pupil
1407:State Board of Education
853:Curriculum controversies
709:United States portal
255:This article is part of
58:"Texas Education Agency"
4632:State agencies of Texas
4058:Trinity River Authority
4053:Dept. of Transportation
3998:Dept. of Motor Vehicles
3584:By (January 18, 2024).
1468:, in 2010 unseated the
753:) is the branch of the
427:Education policy issues
396:Environmental education
4622:Texas Education Agency
4028:Real Estate Commission
4018:Dept. of Public Safety
3923:Office of the Governor
3853:Brazos River Authority
3762:Texas Education Agency
3750:Texas Education Agency
3289:Texas Education Agency
3264:Texas Education Agency
3213:Texas Education Agency
2706:Texas Education Agency
1841:
1457:and the son of former
747:Texas Education Agency
564:Standards-based reform
539:Gender achievement gap
529:Racial achievement gap
462:Educational attainment
124:Texas Education Agency
4245:(military dependents)
3948:Historical Commission
3903:Facilities Commission
3764:recipient profile on
1911:Permanent School Fund
1897:Budget and enrollment
1836:
1595:Rebecca Bell-Metereau
1447:Permanent School Fund
857:On November 7, 2007,
630:Research universities
497:Student financial aid
492:Graduate unemployment
467:Post-secondary issues
443:Primary and secondary
406:Mathematics education
4600:United States portal
4088:Workforce Commission
3823:Dept. of Agriculture
3809:Texas state agencies
3398:on February 21, 2007
3360:Laredo Morning Times
3310:"District map (PDF)"
895:Texas House Speaker
698:Education portal
534:Desegregation busing
487:Elite overproduction
416:Vocational education
43:improve this article
4557:U.S. Virgin Islands
4023:Railroad Commission
3973:General Land Office
3873:School for the Deaf
3376:. October 16, 2023.
2922:Halkett, Kimberly.
2866:"The Revisionaries"
2820:on December 1, 2007
2788:. November 30, 2007
2759:Cervantes, Bobby. "
1488:
1459:Lieutenant Governor
1455:moderate Republican
755:government of Texas
651:Levels of education
623:For-profit colleges
591:Foreign involvement
125:
4239:(Native Americans)
4008:Preservation Board
3988:Lottery Commission
3963:Dept. of Insurance
3590:The New York Times
2872:. October 26, 2012
2870:rottentomatoes.com
1842:
1486:
1362:December 31, 2015
1359:September 1, 2012
1295:Shirley J. Neeley
1232:September 9, 1999
1216:September 3, 1999
1063:September 1, 1979
901:San Antonio, Texas
864:intelligent design
613:Community colleges
559:School segregation
477:Cost and financing
401:Language education
123:
4609:
4608:
4253:Agencies by state
4183:
4182:
4170:State Law Library
4130:Courts of Appeals
3898:Ethics Commission
3755:Handbook of Texas
3550:The Texas Tribune
3239:The Texas Tribune
3185:Houston Chronicle
3159:The Texas Tribune
3133:The Texas Tribune
3107:The Texas Tribune
3081:The Texas Tribune
3055:Houston Chronicle
3030:Houston Chronicle
3002:Houston Chronicle
2977:Houston Chronicle
2949:The Texas Tribune
2646:
2645:
1942:$ 33,338,021,662*
1907:Governor of Texas
1882:COVID-19 pandemic
1820:
1819:
1555:Marisa Perez-Diaz
1404:
1403:
1377:
1370:
1340:
1319:
1313:
1298:January 13, 2004
1287:January 12, 2004
1281:
1258:Felipe T. Alanis
1250:
1243:
1200:
1193:
1163:February 1, 1991
1160:
1148:January 31, 1991
1145:November 1, 1984
1140:
1133:
1126:
1117:
1103:
1096:
1088:October 31, 1984
1074:
1052:
1045:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
919:Houston Chronicle
879:The Revisionaries
876:In October 2012,
835:standardized test
819:parochial schools
743:
742:
596:Special education
586:Sexual harassment
379:Medical education
333:Curriculum topics
269:
249:
248:
188:Agency executives
119:
118:
111:
93:
4654:
4597:
4596:
4585:
4584:
4573:
4572:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4013:Space Commission
3888:Education Agency
3843:Attorney General
3807:
3806:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3738:Official website
3730:
3728:Education portal
3725:
3724:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3667:
3661:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3520:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3488:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3456:
3448:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3422:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3364:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2940:
2931:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2904:on April 2, 2009
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2776:
2770:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2732:
2726:
2715:
2709:
2698:
2110:$ 25,136,102,615
2101:
2100:
2087:
2086:
2080:$ 26,112,248,988
2071:
2070:
2057:
2056:
2050:$ 27,381,560,474
2041:
2040:
2027:
2026:
2020:$ 26,186,545,591
2011:
2010:
1997:
1996:
1990:$ 27,698,128,088
1973:
1972:
1966:$ 28,161,490,444
1949:
1948:
1916:
1915:
1718:Patricia Hardy,
1489:
1485:
1390:January 1, 2016
1375:
1368:
1355:Michael Williams
1346:August 31, 2012
1338:
1317:
1311:
1279:
1248:
1241:
1198:
1191:
1158:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1111:William N Kirby
1101:
1094:
1082:Raymon L. Bynum
1072:
1050:
1043:
1037:August 31, 1979
1031:M. L. Brockette
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
953:
889:Independent Lens
821:(whether or not
794:school districts
759:public education
757:responsible for
735:
728:
721:
707:
706:
705:
696:
695:
635:Community school
554:Racial diversity
524:Achievement gaps
428:
290:in insular areas
272:
268:Education in the
267:
251:
250:
245:
240:
237:
235:
145:
133:
126:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4662:
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4651:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4594:
4561:
4525:
4509:
4248:
4220:
4214:
4184:
4179:
4118:
4097:
3913:Film Commission
3811:
3801:
3799:
3766:USAspending.gov
3736:
3735:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3707:
3705:
3702:
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3454:
3450:
3449:
3440:
3430:
3428:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3392:The Daily Texan
3386:
3385:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3339:on June 7, 2011
3325:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3303:
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3099:
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3049:
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3024:
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3016:
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3004:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2941:
2934:
2930:. 9 April 2010.
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2890:
2889:
2885:
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2873:
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2863:
2859:
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2716:
2712:
2699:
2692:
2687:
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2663:
2654:
1899:
1890:
1877:
1872:
1831:
1825:
1409:
1371:
1337:
1310:
1284:August 1, 2003
1280:(Interim) (1/2)
1278:
1244:
1235:March 31, 2002
1194:
1157:
1134:
1127:
1097:
1060:Alton O. Bowen
1046:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
944:
914:
859:Christine Comer
855:
811:charter schools
803:
790:
767:downtown Austin
739:
703:
701:
700:
690:
664:Early childhood
646:
581:School violence
514:Charter schools
426:
420:
389:Nursing degrees
367:Legal education
362:Music education
357:Civic education
295:By subject area
270:
266:
232:
224:
156:Agency overview
149:Downtown Austin
146:
136:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4660:
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4591:
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4560:
4559:
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4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:American Samoa
4533:
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4526:
4524:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
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4467:
4462:
4457:
4455:South Carolina
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4420:North Carolina
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
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4377:
4372:
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4362:
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3960:
3955:
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3940:
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3930:
3925:
3920:
3918:Forest Service
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3858:State Cemetery
3855:
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3701:
3700:External links
3698:
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2785:New York Times
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1903:State of Texas
1898:
1895:
1889:
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1856:
1853:
1827:Main article:
1824:
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1541:Corpus Christi
1539:
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1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:Melissa Ortega
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:First elected
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1466:Mount Pleasant
1440:
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1270:
1265:
1264:July 31, 2003
1262:
1261:April 1, 2002
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1239:George W. Bush
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1220:George W. Bush
1217:
1214:
1213:March 9, 1995
1211:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:(Feb-Mar 1995)
1196:George W. Bush
1186:
1185:March 1, 1995
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1166:June 30, 1991
1164:
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988:
987:June 30, 1974
985:
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4400:New Hampshire
4398:
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4360:Massachusetts
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4176:
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4150:Supreme Court
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3692:
3691:
3676:
3675:gov.texas.gov
3672:
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3640:
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3624:tea.texas.gov
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3255:
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3186:
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3149:
3134:
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3108:
3104:
3097:
3086:September 30,
3082:
3078:
3071:
3060:September 30,
3056:
3052:
3046:
3035:September 30,
3031:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3007:September 30,
3003:
2999:
2993:
2982:September 30,
2978:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2954:September 30,
2950:
2946:
2939:
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2929:
2925:
2919:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2897:Star-Telegram
2893:
2887:
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2809:
2803:
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2741:
2740:tea.texas.gov
2737:
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2720:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2679:
2675:
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2658:
2652:School Safety
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2638:
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2198:
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2169:
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2155:
2152:
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2146:
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2138:
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2126:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
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1917:
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1894:
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1867:
1864:
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1854:
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1850:
1849:
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1840:
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1830:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1784:Evelyn Brooks
1783:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1769:
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1706:
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1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:Keven Ellis,
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1635:Julie Pickren
1634:
1631:
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1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
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1511:
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1479:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
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1456:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1414:There are no
1412:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1343:July 3, 2012
1342:
1335:
1331:
1328:July 2, 2012
1327:
1325:July 2, 2007
1324:
1323:
1320:
1309:Robert Scott
1304:
1301:July 1, 2007
1300:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1229:James Nelson
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Michael Moses
1207:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:July 1, 1991
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1156:Tom Anderson
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1130:
1129:Bill Clements
1123:
1118:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1092:Bill Clements
1090:
1087:
1085:June 1, 1981
1084:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1070:Bill Clements
1068:
1066:May 31, 1981
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1048:Bill Clements
1042:
1041:Dolph Briscoe
1039:
1036:
1034:July 1, 1974
1033:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1019:Dolph Briscoe
1013:
1012:Preston Smith
1006:
1005:John Connally
999:
992:
991:Allan Shivers
989:
986:
983:
980:
976:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:
954:
951:
948:
939:
936:
932:
928:
926:
921:
920:
909:
906:
902:
898:
893:
891:
890:
885:
881:
880:
874:
872:
867:
865:
860:
850:
846:
844:
839:
836:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
798:
795:
785:
783:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
736:
731:
729:
724:
722:
717:
716:
714:
713:
710:
699:
694:
689:
688:
683:
682:Organizations
680:
678:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:
655:
654:
650:
649:
641:
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637:
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628:
624:
621:
620:
619:
616:
614:
611:
607:
604:
603:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
549:School choice
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
507:
503:
502:Student loans
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
482:Credentialism
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:
453:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
439:
438:Accreditation
436:
435:
433:
432:
429:
424:
423:
417:
414:
412:
411:Sex education
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
390:
387:
385:
382:
381:
380:
377:
373:
370:
369:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
352:Art education
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
337:
336:
332:
331:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
277:
276:
273:
271:United States
264:
263:
260:
258:
253:
252:
244:
239:
231:
227:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:Penny Schwinn
199:
196:
193:
192:
190:
186:
183:
182:Austin, Texas
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
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144:
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132:
127:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4598:
4586:
4574:
4469:
4460:South Dakota
4450:Rhode Island
4445:Pennsylvania
4425:North Dakota
3887:
3753:
3714:Texas portal
3678:. Retrieved
3674:
3665:
3657:
3652:
3644:
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3623:
3613:
3601:. Retrieved
3589:
3579:
3553:. Retrieved
3549:
3539:
3529:December 27,
3527:. Retrieved
3522:
3497:December 27,
3495:. Retrieved
3490:
3465:December 27,
3463:. Retrieved
3458:
3431:December 27,
3429:. Retrieved
3424:
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3396:the original
3391:
3382:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3341:. Retrieved
3337:the original
3330:
3321:
3304:
3294:December 18,
3292:. Retrieved
3288:
3279:
3269:December 18,
3267:. Retrieved
3263:
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3238:
3228:
3218:December 18,
3216:. Retrieved
3212:
3188:. Retrieved
3184:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3158:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3132:
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3106:
3096:
3084:. Retrieved
3080:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3054:
3045:
3033:. Retrieved
3029:
3005:. Retrieved
3001:
2992:
2980:. Retrieved
2976:
2952:. Retrieved
2948:
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2902:the original
2895:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2869:
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2846:. March 2009
2834:
2824:November 30,
2822:. Retrieved
2818:the original
2811:
2802:
2792:November 30,
2790:. Retrieved
2783:
2774:
2764:
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2739:
2730:
2713:
2705:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2655:
2647:
1900:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1861:
1847:
1843:
1804:Aaron Kinsey
1742:
1741:Pam Little,
1719:
1676:
1655:Audrey Young
1615:Will Hickman
1575:Staci Childs
1535:L.J. Francis
1478:conservative
1462:Bill Ratliff
1451:
1444:
1441:
1420:Texas Senate
1413:
1410:
1393:
1336:Todd Webster
1316:
1277:Robert Scott
1189:Ann Richards
1179:Lionel Meno
1170:Ann Richards
1136:Ann Richards
1114:
998:Price Daniel
981:J. W. Egdar
964:Commissioner
949:
945:
937:
933:
929:
917:
915:
894:
887:
877:
875:
868:
856:
847:
840:
831:
827:home schools
804:
791:
750:
746:
744:
658:
576:School meals
454:
254:
213:A.J. Crabill
177:Headquarters
169:Jurisdiction
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4552:Puerto Rico
4375:Mississippi
4290:Connecticut
4102:Legislative
2122:$ 4,878.97
2102:$ 4,990.81
2072:$ 5,166.60
2042:$ 4,886.35
2012:$ 5,129.59
1764:Aicha Davis
1698:Tom Maynard
1561:San Antonio
1474:Don McLeroy
1416:term limits
1399:Greg Abbott
1386:Mike Morath
1373:Greg Abbott
1369:(2012–2015)
1249:(2000–2002)
1242:(1999–2000)
1192:(1991–1995)
1132:(1987–1991)
1125:(1984–1987)
1095:(1981–1983)
1073:(1979–1981)
1044:(1974–1979)
1022:(1973/1974)
1015:(1963–1973)
1008:(1963–1969)
1001:(1957–1963)
994:(1950–1957)
984:March 1950
970:Left office
967:Took office
925:Houston ISD
905:nonpartisan
884:Don McLeroy
825:) nor over
782:Greg Abbott
771:Mike Morath
195:Mike Morath
4616:Categories
4490:Washington
4410:New Mexico
4405:New Jersey
4280:California
3244:August 30,
3190:October 1,
3164:October 1,
3138:October 1,
3112:October 1,
2928:Al Jazeera
2745:January 6,
2685:References
1743:Vice Chair
1727:Fort Worth
1601:San Marcos
1366:Rick Perry
1268:Rick Perry
1246:Rick Perry
1139:(Jan 1991)
1122:Mark White
1099:Mark White
897:Joe Straus
823:accredited
779:Texas Gov.
544:Head Start
519:Inequality
372:Law school
69:newspapers
4500:Wisconsin
4465:Tennessee
4370:Minnesota
4345:Louisiana
4145:State Bar
3816:Executive
3752:from the
3598:0362-4331
3402:August 3,
3343:April 24,
2908:March 30,
2876:August 1,
2850:March 30,
2636:3,224,916
2616:3,271,509
2596:3,316,785
2576:3,378,318
2556:3,460,378
2536:3,541,771
2516:3,672,198
2496:3,730,544
2476:3,799,032
2456:3,837,096
2436:3,900,488
2416:3,954,434
2396:4,002,227
2376:4,071,433
2356:4,160,968
2336:4,255,821
2316:4,328,028
2296:4,400,644
2276:4,521,043
2256:4,594,942
2236:4,671,493
2216:4,749,571
2196:4,847,844
2176:4,933,617
2156:4,998,579
2136:5,075,840
2116:5,151,925
2091:5,232,065
2061:5,299,728
2031:5,359,127
2001:5,399,682
1720:Secretary
1501:Hometown
1492:District
1394:Incumbent
1159:(Interim)
973:Governor
871:evolution
672:Secondary
456:Financing
4576:Category
4485:Virginia
4435:Oklahoma
4415:New York
4390:Nebraska
4380:Missouri
4365:Michigan
4355:Maryland
4340:Kentucky
4320:Illinois
4295:Delaware
4285:Colorado
4275:Arkansas
4123:Judicial
3680:June 10,
3629:June 10,
3603:June 10,
3565:cite web
3555:June 10,
1750:Fairview
1704:Florence
1641:Pearland
1507:Seat up
1481:lessons.
1472:dentist
1339:(Acting)
342:Literacy
286:By state
257:a series
4588:Commons
4505:Wyoming
4480:Vermont
4385:Montana
4325:Indiana
4305:Georgia
4300:Florida
4270:Arizona
4260:Alabama
4225:Federal
1823:Regions
1810:Midland
1661:Trinity
1621:Houston
1581:Houston
1521:El Paso
815:private
788:History
668:Primary
278:Summary
229:Website
83:scholar
4440:Oregon
4395:Nevada
4335:Kansas
4310:Hawaii
4265:Alaska
4114:Senate
3757:Online
3596:
1839:Austin
1790:Frisco
1770:Dallas
1684:Lufkin
1498:Party
1376:(2015)
1102:(1984)
1051:(1979)
801:Duties
509:Reform
472:Bubble
236:.texas
161:Formed
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4470:Texas
4350:Maine
4315:Idaho
4216:K–12
3519:(PDF)
3487:(PDF)
3455:(PDF)
3421:(PDF)
3313:(PDF)
1816:2024
1796:2026
1776:2026
1756:2024
1733:2024
1710:2024
1690:2026
1677:Chair
1667:2026
1647:2026
1627:2026
1607:2026
1587:2024
1567:2024
1547:2026
1527:2024
1495:Name
1470:Bryan
1312:(2/2)
763:Texas
172:Texas
90:JSTOR
76:books
4542:Guam
4475:Utah
4430:Ohio
4330:Iowa
3682:2024
3631:2024
3605:2024
3594:ISSN
3571:link
3557:2024
3531:2019
3499:2019
3467:2019
3433:2019
3404:2006
3345:2009
3296:2015
3271:2015
3246:2017
3220:2015
3192:2020
3166:2020
3140:2020
3114:2020
3088:2020
3062:2020
3037:2020
3009:2020
2984:2020
2956:2020
2910:2009
2878:2015
2852:2009
2826:2007
2794:2007
2747:2019
2627:1988
2607:1989
2587:1990
2567:1991
2547:1992
2527:1993
2507:1994
2487:1995
2467:1996
2447:1997
2427:1998
2407:1999
2387:2000
2367:2001
2347:2002
2327:2003
2307:2004
2287:2005
2267:2006
2247:2007
2227:2008
2207:2009
2187:2010
2167:2011
2147:2012
2127:2013
2107:2014
2077:2015
2047:2016
2017:2017
1987:2018
1963:2019
1939:2020
1919:Year
1813:2022
1793:2022
1773:2018
1753:2018
1730:2002
1707:2012
1687:2016
1664:2020
1644:2022
1624:2020
1604:2020
1584:2022
1564:2012
1544:2022
1524:2022
841:The
809:and
745:The
674:) –
660:K–12
288:and
238:.gov
164:1949
62:news
2763:."
2721:".
2704:."
2619:1.4
2599:1.4
2579:1.9
2559:2.4
2539:2.4
2519:3.7
2499:1.6
2479:1.8
2459:1.0
2439:1.7
2419:1.4
2399:1.2
2379:1.7
2359:2.2
2339:2.3
2319:1.7
2299:1.7
2279:2.7
2259:1.6
2239:1.7
2219:1.7
2199:2.1
2179:1.8
2159:1.3
2139:1.5
2119:1.5
2094:1.6
2064:1.3
2034:1.1
2028:-4%
2004:0.8
1950:18%
1807:Rep
1787:Rep
1767:Dem
1747:Rep
1724:Rep
1701:Rep
1681:Rep
1658:Rep
1638:Rep
1618:Rep
1598:Dem
1578:Dem
1558:Dem
1538:Rep
1518:Dem
1464:of
1436:2).
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1351:12
1306:11
1292:10
899:of
817:or
761:in
751:TEA
234:tea
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2088:4%
2058:5%
1998:6%
1974:2%
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1980:-
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1956:-
1953:-
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