3061:
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2785:, first published in 1946 and republished in a new edition in 2014. Coast's work is noted for its detail on the brutality of some Japanese and Korean guards as well as the humanity of others. It also describes the living and working conditions, together with the culture of the Thai towns and countryside that became many POWs' homes after leaving Singapore. Coast also details the camaraderie, pastimes, and humour of the soldiers in the face of adversity. Allied soldiers were often given more freedom than their civilian counterparts, to play guitar or accordion, or lead a group sing-along, or request camp comedians to tell some jokes or put on a skit.
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49:
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camps consisted of open-sided barracks built of bamboo poles with thatched roofs. The barracks were about 60 m (66 yd) long with sleeping platforms raised above the ground on each side of an earthen floor. Two hundred people were housed in each barracks, giving each person a two-foot wide space in which to live and sleep. Camps were usually named after the kilometre where they were located. The worst months of the construction period were known as the "Speedo" (mid-spring to mid-October 1943).
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3117:
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4152:
7677:
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4140:
602:
1028:
386:
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3500:
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2143:
2095:
393:
962:
847:
422:
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2000:
1978:
1956:
1934:
1912:
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984:
338:
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915:
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during construction. Many remember
Japanese soldiers as being cruel and indifferent to the fate of Allied military prisoners and the Southeast Asian civilians. Many men in the railway workforce bore the brunt of pitiless or uncaring guards. Cruelty could take different forms, from extreme violence and torture to minor acts of physical punishment, humiliation, and neglect.
2793:(palm fronds) were built, sets, lighting, costumes and makeup devised, and an array of entertainment produced that included music halls, variety shows, cabarets, plays, and musical comedies – even pantomimes. These activities engaged numerous soldiers as actors, singers, musicians, designers, technicians, and female impersonators.
3987:
The Death
Railway Interest Group (DRIG) is a Malaysian NGO that leads on the collection of Asian survivor accounts in Malaysia and Thailand, working to update records and presenting these at Australian and New-Zealand based humanitarian events. DRIG aims to identify at least one mass grave along the
2968:
for their brutality during the construction of the railway. Thirty-two of them were sentenced to death. The most important trial was against the general staff. Lieutenant
General Eiguma Ishida, overall commander of the Burma Railway, was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. His subordinates Colonel
2644:
In early 1943, the
Japanese advertised for workers in Malaya, Singapore, and the Dutch East Indies, promising good wages, short contracts, and housing for families. When that failed to attract sufficient workers, they resorted to more violent methods, rounding up civilians, including children and
2602:
Japanese soldiers, 12,000 of them, including 800 Koreans, were employed on the railway as engineers, guards, and supervisors of the POW and civilian labourers. Although working conditions were far better for the
Japanese than the POWs and civilian workers, about 1,000 (eight percent) of them died
2432:
The
Japanese Army transported 500,000 tonnes of freight over the railway during the course of the war. Construction camps housing at least 1,000 workers each were established every 5–10 miles (8–17 km) of the route. Workers were moved up and down the railway line as needed. The construction
2271:
Most of these civilians were moved to ‘rest camps’ after
October 1943, they remained in these camps after the end of the war as they watched the Allied POWs being evacuated. Survivors were still living in the camps in 1947. They were British subjects who, without access to food or medical care,
2726:
The records of the civilian workers have not survived due to the limitations on birth and death records kept during pre- and post-war colonisation of the region. One soldier said they "found themselves at the bottom of a social system that was harsh, punitive, fanatical, and often deadly." The
2640:
by the
Imperial Japanese Army to work on the railway, dying in its construction. During the initial stages of the construction of the railway, Burmese and Thais were employed in their respective countries, but the number of workers recruited was insufficient. In Malaya, plantation families were
3991:
DRIG led the development of a further memorial to the civilian labourers at Wat Tavorn
Wararam, which manages the Wat Yuan Cemetery in Kanchanaburi, opened on 3 June 2023. This is in addition to the pagoda built over the remains of thousands of workers. The temple had undertaken the task of
2412:
The railway was completed ahead of schedule. On 17 October 1943, groups of civilians violently transported from Burma were forced to commence working south, meeting up with groups of civilians taken from
Thailand who were working in a northerly direction. The two sections of the line met at
2947:
The quality of medical care received by different groups of prisoners varied enormously. One factor was that many European and US doctors had little experience with tropical diseases. For example, a group of 400 Dutch prisoners, which included three doctors with extensive tropical medicine
2378:
in Burma, linking up with existing railways at both places. Its route was through Three Pagodas Pass on the border of Thailand and Burma. 69 miles (111 km) of the railway were in Burma and the remaining 189 miles (304 km) were in Thailand. After preliminary work of airfields and
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2645:
imprisoning them, especially in Malaya. Approximately 90,000 Burmese and 75,000 Malayans worked on the railroad. More than 100,000 Malayan Tamils were brought into the project and around 60,000 perished. Southeast Asian workers were used to build the Kra Isthmus Railway from
2464:
for £1,250,000 (50 million baht; equivalent to US$ 65,493,000 in 2023). The money was used to compensate neighbouring countries and colonies for material stolen by Japan during the construction of the railway. On 1 February 1947, two people—including Momluang
2701:; in English 'Tin Shelter'), the northern terminus of the railway. They worked on airfields and other infrastructure initially before beginning construction of the railway in October 1942. In Thailand, 3,000 British soldiers, left Changi by train in June 1942 to
3923:
3051:
bridge in June 1943, with both bridges running in a NNE–SSW direction across the river. The steel and concrete bridge consisted of eleven curved-truss bridge spans brought by the Japanese from Java in 1942. This is the bridge that still remains today.
3090:
attack damaged the wooden railroad bridge. Repair work continued and both bridges were operational again by the end of May. On 24 June 1945 the RAF destroyed the railroad bridges, putting the railway line out of commission for the rest of the war.
3943:
2788:
After the railway was completed, most of the British soldiers were moved to hospital and relocation camps where they could be available for maintenance crews or sent to Japan. In maintenance camps entertainment flourished, theatres of bamboo and
2623:
civilians were forcibly conscripted to work on the Death railway. Limited record keeping on the civilian populations under British occupation has led to incomplete and insufficient recording of the names and families of individuals who were
3341:
temple in Ban Tai, Thailand in the 1950s. A pagoda was erected over the burial site and plaques in both Chinese and Tamil text have been added to commemorate the dead. The names of the thousands of civilians buried at the site are unknown
3933:
2263:
to ensure the construction of the Death Railway and more than 90,000 civilians died building it, as did around 12,000 Allied soldiers. The workers on the Thai side of the railway were Tamils, Malays, and fewer Chinese civilians from
3953:
2955:
Weight loss among Allied officers who worked on construction was, on average, 9–14 kg (20–30 lb) less than that of enlisted personnel. Workers in more isolated areas suffered a much higher death rate than did others.
3813:, Australian war correspondent in Singapore; captured after travelling 700 km, predominantly by rowboat, from Singapore; Rivett spent three years working on the Burma railway and later wrote a book chronicling the events.
2303:
in Thailand, had been surveyed by the British government of Burma as early as 1885, but the proposed course of the line – through hilly jungle terrain divided by many rivers – was considered too difficult to undertake.
2750:. Human hair was often used for brushes, plant juices and blood for paint, and toilet paper as the "canvas". Some of their works were used as evidence in the trials of Japanese war criminals. Many are now held by the
2453:. The railway link between Thailand and Burma was to be separated again for protecting British interests in Singapore. After that, the Burma section of the railway was sequentially removed, the rails were gathered in
2272:
continued to die of malaria, dysentery and malnutrition. They had survived the ordeal of the Railway only to die in the ‘rest camps’. No compensation or reparations have been provided to the Southeast Asian victims.
3717:, British immunologist whose achievements include the popularisation of the pollen count as a piece of weather-related information to the British public and the prediction of increased levels of allergy to penicillin
2338:
in June 1942. To avoid a hazardous 2,000-mile (3,200 km) sea journey around the Malay Peninsula, a railway from Bangkok to Rangoon seemed a feasible alternative. The Japanese began this project in June 1942.
2932:
were common contributing factors in the death of workers on the Burma Railway. The labourers that suffered the highest casualties were Burmese and Indian Tamils from Malaya and Myanmar, as well as many Javanese.
5948:
4247:
2379:
infrastructure, construction of the railway began in Burma and Thailand on 16 September 1942. The projected completion date was December 1943. Much of the construction materials, including tracks and
6104:
2577:
Since the 1990s various proposals have been made to rebuild the complete railway, but as of 2021 these plans had not been realised. Since the upper part of the Khwae valley is now flooded by the
2230:). It was built from 1940 to 1943 by South East Asian civilians abducted and forced to work by the Japanese and a smaller group of captured Allied soldiers, to supply troops and weapons in the
5096:
7722:
2977:
where 600 British prisoners out of 1,600 died of cholera and other diseases, was sentenced to death, later commuted to life in prison, as a B/C class war criminal. He served 11 years.
3128:
was the largest rock cutting on the railway, built in a remote area, without appropriate construction tools by Chinese, Thai, Malay, and Tamil civilian prisoners and Allied soldiers.
7717:
6325:
2936:
A lower death rate among Dutch POWs and internees, relative to those from the UK and Australia, has been linked to the fact that many personnel and civilians taken prisoner in the
7859:
7727:
4340:
2275:
Most of the railway was dismantled shortly after the war. Only the first 130 kilometres (81 mi) of the line in Thailand remained, with trains still running as far north as
3060:
7712:
7373:
From Burma to the River Kwai, a film documentary made by Nick Lera in 1999 showing vintage British Pacifics steam locomotives operating local services on the historic railway
7362:
7732:
3452:), a cutting where the greatest number of people died. An Australian memorial is at Hellfire Pass. One museum is in Myanmar side Thanbyuzayat, and two other museums are in
3025:, or 'buffalo' in Thai). This gave rise to the name of "River Kwai" amongst the English. In 1960 the portion of the Mae Klong which passes under the bridge was renamed the
7773:
2429:
from Nong Pladuk, Thailand to Thanbyuzayat, Burma. A copper spike was driven at the meeting point by commanding General Eiguma Ishida, and a memorial plaque was revealed.
3332:
In 1946, the remains of most of the Allied military war dead were moved from former camps, burial grounds and lone graves along the rail line to official war cemeteries.
2515:
provided by Japan as part of their postwar reparations, thus forming the iconic bridge now seen today. Finally, on 1 July 1958, the rail line was completed to Nam Tok (
7783:
3485:
Arumugam Kandasamy (1927-), trafficked with 50 other civilians from the estate of Sua Gerising, Port Dickson at the age of 15, believed to be the last living survivor.
2952:
Henri Hekking, a Dutch medical officer with experience in the tropics was assigned, suffered only nine deaths. Another cohort of 450 US personnel suffered 100 deaths.
3839:(1916–2016), Dutch artist and colonial army lithographer; captured in East Java by Japanese in March 1942, sent to Changi Prison and worked on Thai section of railway
7778:
3928:
500:
2969:
Shigeo Nakamura, Colonel Tamie Ishii and Lieutenant-Colonel Shoichi Yanagita were sentenced to death. Major Sotomatsu Chida was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment.
3353:, in the city of Kanchanaburi, contains the graves of 6,982 Allied military personnel comprising: 3,585 British, 1,896 Dutch, 1,362 Australians, 12 members of the
3708:
2685:, Thailand to build a camp to serve as a transit camp for the work camps along the railway. The first prisoners of war, 3,000 Australians, to go to Burma left
7962:
4255:
3378:, Myanmar (Burma) has the graves of 3,617 soldiers who died on the Burmese portion of the line: 1,651 British, 1,335 Australians, 621 Dutch, 15 members of the
3335:
The mass graves of the Southeast Asian civilian dead were exhumed from along the rail line and beside former rest camps for reburial at Wat Thaworn Wararam, a
3321:
2322:
and British forces quickly surrendered. To supply their forces in Burma, the Japanese depended upon the sea, bringing supplies and troops to Burma around the
4782:
3938:
3585:
2665:. Those left to maintain the lines after the completion of the Death Railway suffered from appalling living conditions as well as increasing Allied bombing.
7304:
6275:
5036:
7432:
7381:
7309:
5516:
901:
833:
679:
3754:(1900–1943), Australian politician and member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, died of illness and malnutrition at railway camp 131 Kilo in Thailand
3748:, Dutch comedian and cabaret producer on the Burma side of the railway during the construction period and later in Nakhon Pathom Hospital Camp in Thailand
7665:
2074:
4907:
7987:
3948:
3773:
2705:, the southern terminus of the railway. Some captured British soldiers were taken from Singapore and the Dutch East Indies as construction advanced.
2466:
7565:
7410:
6250:
3958:
3702:
1500:
3792:
1434:
1324:
7643:
7317:– Detailed web site with documentation and photographs relating to the POW experiences of Frank Larkin in Malaya, Singapore, Thailand and Japan.
5104:
7957:
2008:
1280:
456:
6169:
4860:
1766:
1656:
1590:
1346:
5011:
3807:, Australian doctor who kept detailed notes of his time as a medical officer on the railway. He later wrote a book detailing his experiences
5470:
Marcello, Ronald E. (January 1992). "Lone Star POWs: Texas National Guardsmen and the Building of the Burma-Thailand Railroad, 1942–1944".
3652:
2641:
forced by Japanese officers to send their children to the railway and young healthy men were often abducted and trafficked to the railway.
1412:
1214:
4278:
3328:
for Southeast Asian civilian and Allied military workers, built by Japanese Army Railroad Corps in February 1944 in Kanchanaburi, Thailand
3094:
The railway line did not fully connect with the Burmese railroad network as no railroad bridges were built that crossed the river between
2425:). A holiday was declared for 25 October which was chosen as the ceremonial opening of the line. The Japanese staff would travel by train
6329:
3873:
1920:
1368:
1126:
4348:
3795:(d. 1943), British chemistry professor and department head at Raffles College, Singapore; Purdie died during construction of the railway
3044:. In February 1943, 1,000 Dutch prisoners of war were added to Tamarkan. Chinese, Malay and Tamil civilians also worked on the bridge.
1876:
1810:
1722:
1302:
1148:
723:
635:
4458:
7977:
7555:
4041:
2446:
2030:
1986:
1898:
1634:
1456:
1236:
1170:
992:
789:
7617:
2727:
living and working conditions on the Burma Railway were often described as "horrific", with maltreatment, sickness, and starvation.
8002:
7972:
7485:
7425:
7328:
7298:
5805:
2052:
1942:
1192:
1082:
1014:
811:
7952:
7658:
6351:
2442:
1612:
7368:
2944:; they tended thus to be more resistant to tropical diseases and to be better acclimatized than other Western Allied personnel.
7529:
4061:
3419:
3047:
The first wooden railroad bridge over the Khwae Yai was finished in February 1943, which was soon accompanied by a more modern
2552:
2394:
3619:, Australian theatrical producer in Bicycle Camp, Java, in numerous camps on the Burma side of the construction, and later in
8022:
8017:
8012:
7967:
7201:
7178:
7031:
6932:
6913:
6849:
6794:
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6684:
6628:
4946:
4881:
4792:
4569:
2511:(Wangpo) was done. The two curved spans of the bridge which collapsed due to the British air attack were replaced by angular
4663:
4470:
3711:(1912–1966), film and theatre set and costume designer. He won a Tony award in 1947 for his costumes for the play Henry VIII
8027:
8007:
7916:
7560:
4962:
3607:
2581:, and the surrounding terrain is mountainous, it would take extensive tunnelling to reconnect Thailand with Burma by rail.
2500:
372:
130:
7287:
7278:
Captive Audiences/Captive Performers: Music and Theatre as Strategies for Survival on the Thailand-Burma Railway 1942–1945
6752:
Captive Audiences/Captive Performers: Music and Theatre as Strategies for Survival on the Thailand-Burma Railway 1942–1945
6134:
7911:
7622:
7570:
7418:
4105:
2540:
6105:"Justice Delayed: An Unofficial Truth Project for the Neglected Indian Victims of the Thai-Burma Death Railway – Part 2"
6080:"Justice Delayed: An Unofficial Truth Project for the Neglected Indian Victims of the Thai-Burma Death Railway – Part 1"
5628:
4744:
4004:
interviewed one of the last known Asian survivors in Surviving Thailand's infamous 'Death Railway': Arumugam Kandasamy.
7982:
7651:
6605:
6586:
6567:
3846:
3557:
3346:
3068:
30:
This article is about the railway constructed by Japan during World War II. For the railways of the country Burma, see
17:
5208:
7992:
7534:
7128:
7109:
7063:
7008:
6955:
6828:
6665:
6548:
6276:"The Railway Man: Australian keeps legacy of Thailand's 'Death Railway' alive helping relatives of POWs gain closure"
4227:
3539:
3457:
2528:
7440:
6381:
6054:
5127:
7849:
6142:
4983:
4075:
3714:
2556:
2477:
2354:
The British government sold the Thai section of Burma railway to the Thai government for a total of 50 million baht
5287:
3083:
aircraft. The forced labourers repaired the bridge and by April the wooden bridge in operation. A 3 April 1945, a
7823:
7673:
5044:
4303:
4017:) gives the insight of a POW into the conditions inflicted upon the workers who built the railway. The 2001 film
3079:
In 1945 a planned US attack was cancelled due to bad weather. The two bridges were bombed on 13 February 1945 by
5524:
3464:. There is a memorial plaque at the Kwai bridge itself, and an historic wartime steam locomotive is on display.
2311:, which quickly surrendered. Thailand was forced to accept an alliance, and was used as a staging point for the
7793:
7758:
4035:
3963:
3666:
3521:
3517:
2387:
5704:
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railway and build a monument to the horrors these victims went through, as well as their surviving families.
2681:
and other prison camps in Southeast Asia began in May 1942. On 23 June 1942, 600 British soldiers arrived at
2566:
2308:
478:
7268:. Short online film about prisoners of the Japanese during World War II based on the book by Richard Kandler
4915:
7885:
7586:
7497:
6760:
5074:
4808:
4395:
4029:
3697:
2496:
566:
522:
319:
6300:
4421:
3961:
provide a social and economic analysis of the railway's construction and its civilian builders. The book
3396:, near Kanchanaburi, has a further 1,693 Allied war graves: 1,373 British, 314 Dutch and 6 members of the
7997:
7768:
7763:
7702:
7539:
7503:
7464:
4633:
3468:
3087:
2548:
5313:
2334:. This route was vulnerable to attack by Allied submarines, especially after the Japanese defeat at the
7788:
7448:
5756:
4130:
3776:, Romanian-born Canadian physician (1901–1969), a.k.a. the "Jungle Surgeon", who enlisted with the RAMC
2970:
2319:
6406:
5817:
5653:
3975:
centres on a group of Australian POWs and their experiences building the railway, and was awarded the
7854:
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7491:
7469:
7459:
5919:
5596:
5571:
5546:
5338:
4839:
4084:
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Several museums are dedicated to those who perished building the railway. The largest of these is at
3415:
3367:
3350:
2755:
2492:
767:
432:
348:
174:
31:
3001:
A key feature of the line is Bridge 277 built over a stretch of the river then known as part of the
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3510:
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2751:
2532:
2485:
2276:
945:
4718:
3407:. Of the 668 US personnel forced to work on the railway, 133 died. This included personnel from
2523:) The portion in use today is some 130 km (81 mi) long. The line was abandoned beyond
7947:
6868:
5949:"Birma-Siam Spoorweg en de Pakan Baroe Spoorweg. Deel 8 De tragedie van de Birma-Siam Spoorweg"
4014:
4009:
3820:
3767:
3762:
2461:
2445:
Burma, Malaya, Singapore and the Straits Settlements. On 16 January 1946, the British ordered
2418:
2990:
2611:
7632:
7596:
3976:
3393:
2544:
2520:
2422:
58:
3422:
as their fate was unknown to the United States for more than two years after their capture.
3005:
River. The greater part of the Thai section of the river's route followed the valley of the
7864:
7591:
7321:
Articles on the Australian medical personnel working on the railway. Also sketches by POWs.
7055:
6897:
5842:
5442:
4027:. The construction of the railway was the subject of a fictional award-winning 1957 film,
3801:, British former Olympic swimmer and RAOC major, awarded MBE for his leadership at the site
3728:
3670:
3626:
3084:
2731:
2702:
48:
6925:
The Prisoner List: A true story of defeat, captivity and salvation in the Far East 1941–45
2948:
experience, suffered no deaths at all. Another group, numbering 190 US personnel, to whom
2491:
After the war, the railway was in poor condition and needed reconstruction for use by the
2346:
Civilian workers during the construction of the railway between June 1942 and October 1943
8:
7926:
7325:
7277:
7169:
The Forgotten Highlander – My incredible story of survival during the war in the Far East
6997:
6750:
5999:
4861:"Historical Fact on the Burma Death Railroad Thailand Hellfire pass Prisoners conditions"
4094:
4001:
3910:
3780:
3437:
3408:
3397:
3379:
3361:
3354:
3305:
3040:
to construct the bridge. Initially, 1,000 prisoners worked on the bridge, led by Colonel
2770:
2759:
2560:
2536:
2524:
1744:
970:
135:
7627:
5893:
5782:"Aerial photograph of Kanchanaburi, Thailand during a raid by Allied aircraft including"
3899:, former Gordon Highlander, born in Aberdeen, Scotland. (1919–2016), author of the book
3629:, artist best known for his work recording the lives of prisoners of war in World War II
3313:
2718:
7356:
7350:
7344:
7338:
7167:
6944:
4370:
4220:
Japan's Holocaust: History of Imperial Japan's Mass Murder and Rape During World War II
3887:
3862:
3705:(d. 2008) Australian soldier, journalist and campaigner for recognition of Weary Dunlop
3573:
3120:
The cutting at Hellfire Pass was one of the most difficult and deadly sections to build
2797:
2578:
2296:
1528:
544:
6359:
5612:
Trial was for F-force which lost 3,000 out of 7,000 men. Sonkrai was a part of F-force
7844:
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7124:
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657:
105:
94:
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With Only the Will to Live: Accounts of Americans in Japanese Prison Camps 1941–1945
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588:
212:
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Our Days Were Years: History of the "Lost Battalion," 2nd Battalion, 36th Division
3679:(1907–1993), Australian surgeon renowned for his leadership of POWs on the railway
7601:
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The first locomotive used for goods transport on the Death Railway on display in
2350:
2323:
2307:
Thailand was a neutral country at the onset of World War II. On 8 December 1941,
2300:
612:
54:
5234:
2584:
2413:
kilometre 263, about 18 km (11 mi) south of the Three Pagodas Pass at
2400:
2358:
7895:
7880:
7264:
7231:
The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II
7194:
Memoires of a Dutch POW who survived 15 camps on Java, in Thailand and in Japan
6079:
4144:
4056:
3682:
3656:
3640:
3425:
3048:
2929:
2790:
2620:
2384:
2265:
2231:
7374:
6765:
The Line: A Man's Experience of the Burma Railway; A Son's Quest to Understand
3829:(1907–2000), Cricket writer and broadcaster. Mentioned in his autobiography –
3598:(1911–1984), Dutch politician and diplomat, government minister and ambassador
3385:
7941:
7396:
7383:
6816:
6804:
5781:
5730:
4168:
4024:
3968:
3909:(1917–1999), literary critic, literary historian and professor of English at
3886:(1921–2015), Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party and minister in the
3867:
3826:
3816:
3798:
3751:
3720:
3616:
3445:
3433:
3360:
A memorial plaque at the Kanchanaburi cemetery lists 11 other members of the
3136:
3111:
3041:
3030:
2747:
2686:
2674:
2516:
2507:หนองปลาดุก) was finished; on the first of April 1952, the next section up to
2504:
2260:
1037:
6809:
Through the Valley of the Kwai: From Death-Camp Despair to Spiritual Triumph
6696:
Railroad of Death: The Original, Classic Account of the 'River Kwai' Railway
5417:
3349:(CWGC) are for the Allied military personnel who died on the Burma Railway.
3116:
6470:
4175:
3810:
3724:
3676:
3636:
3453:
3404:
3371:
2997:
by Leo Rawlings (1943) of four POWs during the first bridge's construction.
2964:
At the end of World War II, 111 Japanese military officials were tried for
2837:
2781:
One of the accounts from the British military perspective was John Coast's
2694:
2571:
2512:
2380:
2375:
2363:
2235:
2223:
2129:
149:
113:
7514:
6999:
The Railway Man: A POW's Searing Account of War, Brutality and Forgiveness
7839:
7335:, by Len (Snowie) Baynes, a first-hand account of working on the Railway.
7022:
Surviving the Sword: Prisoners of the Japanese in the Far East, 1942–1945
6431:
3854:
3686:
3604:, British theatrical producer in Chungkai, Kachu Mountain, and Nakhon Nai
3582:, businessman, public figure and arts administrator in the United Kingdom
3565:
3357:(including British officers), 2 New Zealanders, 2 Danes and 8 Canadians.
2941:
2833:
2739:
2441:
Within a year of the Second World War, Britain, while facing bankruptcy,
2331:
1854:
1788:
292:
264:
6861:
The Burma-Siam Railway: The Secret Diary of Dr. Robert Hardie, 1942–1945
6658:
Towards The Setting Sun: An escape from the Thailand–Burma Railway, 1943
5235:"The Thailand-Burma Railway, 1942–1946: documents and selected writings"
4809:"Stolen Years: Australian prisoners of war – The Burma–Thailand Railway"
3783:, British mathematician, started a POW university for his fellow workers
7890:
6992:
6880:
5868:
5624:
3757:
3733:
3524: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3375:
2965:
2454:
2449:
to remove a four-kilometre stretch of rail between Nikki (Ni Thea) and
1568:
164:
7259:
7093:
Thailand's Secret War: The Free Thai, OSS, and SOE During World War II
6509:
3924:
A Baba Boyhood: Growing up during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore
2559:
branch lines. Parts of the abandoned route have been converted into a
4544:
3836:
3692:
Arch Flanagan (1915–2013), Australian soldier and father of novelist
3601:
3221:
3002:
2925:
2765:
2690:
2678:
2658:
2484:
had collapsed. After the accident, it was decided to end the line at
1258:
6742:
The War Diaries of Weary Dunlop: Java and the Burma-Thailand Railway
3499:
3389:
Cenotaph for the victims, built by Japanese in Thanbyuzayat, Myanmar
2730:
Life in the POW camps was recorded at great risk by artists such as
7443:
6199:
4089:
3906:
3883:
3766:, an autobiography based on these events, which has been made into
3620:
3595:
3337:
3325:
3099:
3095:
3037:
2973:, a first lieutenant who supervised construction of the railway at
2646:
2481:
2414:
2342:
2219:
1964:
1535:
1390:
109:
62:
6712:
6677:
Last Man Out: Surviving the Burma-Thailand Death Railway: A Memoir
6176:. Department of Veterans Affairs – Australia. 2014. Archived from
3903:
in which he recalls how he survived his three years on the railway
7676:
3745:
2974:
2921:
2917:
2810:
Deaths of Allied Soldiers working on the Death Railway, 1942–1945
2450:
2243:
2239:
2227:
1478:
1060:
745:
7283:
Works of Ashley George Old held by the State Library of Victoria
7272:
6967:
Building the Death Railway: The Ordeal of American POWs in Burma
6560:
The Japanese Occupation of Malaya: A Social and Economic History
5400:
5398:
3944:
The Japanese Occupation of Malaya: A Social and Economic History
3364:, these Indian officers are buried in nearby Muslim cemeteries.
2287:
7320:
7254:
7190:
Berichten van 612 aan het thuisfront – Zuidoost-Azië, 1940–1945
6483:
3992:
recovering the dead and burying them in the Wat Yuan Cemetery.
3659:. He wrote one of the earliest and most respected POW memoirs,
3429:
2774:
2426:
1104:
6733:
Prisoners of the Japanese: POWs of World War II in the Pacific
5128:"The forgotten Malayan labourers of Burma Railway during WWII"
5012:"Hellfire Pass Interpretive Centre and Memorial Walking Trail"
3382:(including British officers), 3 New Zealanders and 1 Canadian.
2460:
In October 1946, the Thai section of the line was sold to the
5395:
4527:
4525:
2662:
2259:
At least 250,000 Southeast Asian civilians were subjected to
1539:
117:
7075:
Horror in the East: Japan and the Atrocities of World War II
6724:
The Man Behind the Bridge: Colonel Toosey and the River Kwai
4762:
7314:
4422:"Yamashita: the greatest Japanese general of World War II?"
3689:
at the hands of Japanese soldiers while working on the line
2527:; the steel rails were salvaged for reuse in expanding the
2480:—were killed on an inspection tour because the bridge near
6873:
The Brave Japanese (Original title, The Road To Hiroshima)
5499:
5497:
4522:
4163:
7213:
Long Way Back to the River Kwai: Memories of World War II
5383:
4248:"Cast into oblivion: Malayan Tamils of the Death Railway"
3403:
The remains of United States armed forces personnel were
2940:
had been born there, were long-term residents and/or had
2673:
The movement of captured British soldiers northward from
6450:"Death of man thought to be Burma Railway last survivor"
4614:
3954:
The Thai Resistance Movement during the Second World War
3140:
Along the Death Railway in 2004, River Khwae on the left
3036:
On 26 October 1942, British prisoners of war arrived at
2985:
7240:
The Japanese Thrust – Australia in the War of 1939–1945
6946:
River Kwai Railway: The Story of the Burma–Siam Railway
5494:
5482:
4694:"Distances between camps on the Burma-Thailand Railway"
4440:
3870:, senior Allied officer at the Bridge on the River Kwai
3845:(1911–2006), Australian politician and minister in the
4967:
Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser
4321:
4023:
is based on the autobiography of British Army captain
3982:
2796:
The construction of the Burma Railway is counted as a
2769:
Australian and Dutch prisoners of war, suffering from
2246:, Burma. The name used by the Japanese Government was
7224:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. Inc, Publishers.
7099:
7084:
Death's Railway: A Merchant Mariner on the River Kwai
6759:
6541:
Revisiting the Death Railway: The Survivors' Accounts
4128:
3934:
Revisiting the Death Railway: The Survivors’ Accounts
3878:
Survivor on the River Kwai: Life on the Burma Railway
3742:(1919–2024), believed to be the last living survivor.
2295:
A railway route between Burma and Thailand, crossing
7158:
A Thousand Cups of Rice: Surviving the Death Railway
4570:"Burma-Siam Railway - Australia receives no payment"
4341:"The Japanese invasion of Thailand, 8 December 1941"
3931:
and an anthology of the experiences of survivors in
3610:(1918–2018), Australian senator and minister in the
3556:(1909–1985), Australian senator and minister in the
3467:
A preserved section of line has been rebuilt at the
6694:Coast, John; Noszlopy, Laura; Nash, Justin (2014).
6660:. London and Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd.
4033:(itself an adaptation of the French language novel
7166:
7019:
6996:
6943:
6901:
6844:. Chippenham, Wilts, UK: Mainline & Maritime.
6616:
5705:"Forgotten Sikhs of the Siam -Burma Death Railway"
5683:2/4th Machine Gun Battalion Ex Members Association
5097:"Stories of Death Railway heroes to be kept alive"
4596:"Grote schade aan materiaal der N.I. Spoorweg Mij"
4279:"Remembering Malayan victims of the Death Railway"
2488:and reuse the remainder to rehabilitate the line.
7123:. Sydney: Angus & Robertson (later Penguin).
6693:
5404:
5285:
4787:. DigitalCommons@Macalester College. p. 47.
4000:In 2017 the youth news and lifestyle platform of
3649:, chief Australian medical officer on the railway
3167:
2713:
2214:, is a 415 km (258 mi) railway between
7939:
6789:. North Sydney, N.S.W.: Random House Australia.
6579:The Thai Resistance Movement During World War II
6502:
4939:The Railway Atlas of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia
3172:Iron bridge across Kwae Yai River at Tha Makham
2916:In addition to malnutrition and physical abuse,
1524:
314:
6974:La Forte, Robert S.; et al., eds. (1994).
6614:
6600:. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International.
5702:
5006:
5004:
3021:was frequently mispronounced by the English as
7196:] (in Dutch). Leiden, Netherlands: Lucas.
7043:The Will to Survive, A Private's View as a POW
5068:
5066:
5064:
5062:
4780:
3414:and the 131st Field Artillery Regiment of the
2457:, and the roadbed was returned to the jungle.
2251:
7963:Japanese prisoner of war and internment camps
7659:
7426:
7187:
6129:
6127:
6125:
4276:
3995:
3055:
7260:The Tomb of 10,000 Souls Wat Thavorn Wararam
6978:. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources.
6755:. Saint Paul, Minnesota: Macalester College.
6543:. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti of Malaya Press.
5232:
5001:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4204:. Thailand-Burma Railway Centre. p. 10.
3967:is an autobiography of British Army captain
2693:on 14 May 1942 and journeyed by sea to near
2539:double track, rehabilitating the track from
2519:น้ำตก, 'waterfall', referring to the nearby
2256:), which means Thailand-Burma-Link-Railway.
6896:
6713:Commonwealth War Graves Commission (2000).
5946:
5728:
5465:
5463:
5311:
5059:
4936:
4855:
4853:
4396:"How was Thailand Impacted in World War 2?"
3300:
3073:The Bangkok-Moulmein Railway of Evil Memory
2383:, were brought from dismantled branches of
7666:
7652:
7433:
7419:
6174:The Thai-Burma Railway & Hellfire Pass
6122:
5942:
5940:
5754:
5671:
5623:
5521:The Thai-Burma Railway & Hellfire Pass
5125:
5041:The Thai-Burma Railway & Hellfire Pass
4984:"Date & Events of Railway in Thailand"
2980:
2495:system. On 24 June 1949, the portion from
7222:Prisoners of the Japanese in World War II
7219:
7017:
6887:
6744:. Ringwood, Victoria, Aus: Penguin Books.
6715:The Burma-Siam Railway and its Cemeteries
6538:
6382:"Steam Locomotive 457 Henchel & Sohn"
5679:"Tamarkan, Tha Makham 56.20km - Thailand"
5646:
4978:
4976:
4840:"メクロンの永久橋-実録-戦場にかける橋-塚本和也-鉄道ファン1981年11月号"
4837:
4768:
4651:
4620:
4531:
4327:
4241:
4239:
3540:Learn how and when to remove this message
2803:
2636:, Thai, and other Southeast Asians, were
2547:, and constructing both the Nong Pla Duk–
2408:built by civilian and POWs on the railway
7988:South-East Asian theatre of World War II
7486:Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand
7164:
7155:
7100:Richards, Rowley; Marcia McEwan (1989).
7090:
7081:
7040:
6973:
6964:
6867:
6781:
6748:
6192:
6164:
6162:
6160:
5469:
5460:
5389:
5253:
5206:
5154:The National Union of Plantation workers
5016:Australian Department of Veteran Affairs
4850:
4059:, there in 2017 for the first season of
3880:, Private in the Leicestershire Regiment
3424:
3384:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3135:
3115:
3067:
3059:
2989:
2764:
2717:
2610:
2583:
2565:
2399:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2286:
7237:
7228:
7210:
7095:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
6982:
6922:
6674:
6655:
6646:
6576:
6557:
6049:
6047:
5937:
4876:
4874:
4784:The Thailand-Burma Railway: An Overview
4745:"The Death Railway - A Dutch viewpoint"
4245:
4199:
3309:Memorial Pagoda to the Civilian Workers
2722:Asian Civilians during the construction
2606:
14:
7940:
7288:Australian Government death statistics
7137:
7118:
6941:
6858:
6815:
6803:
6739:
6721:
6637:
5279:
5166:
5072:
4973:
4498:
4496:
4236:
4193:
4062:Jack Whitehall: Travels with My Father
3770:starring Colin Firth and Nicole Kidman
3436:used on the Death Railway displays at
3226:Wooden trestle across Songkalia River
3190:Wooden trestle edging Khwae Noi River
3131:
2362:Abandoned section of Death Railway in
7958:History of rail transport in Thailand
7647:
7414:
7315:Prisoner of War FX Larkin NX43393 AIF
6991:
6837:
6562:. Singapore: NUS Press; 2nd edition.
6157:
5472:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly
4941:. White Lotus Press. pp. 69–70.
4838:Tsukamoto, Kazuya (1 November 1981).
4833:
4831:
4829:
4304:"Remembering Death Railway labourers"
3921:Accounts of the construction include
3819:, British cartoonist, creator of the
3669:, founder and the first Principal of
3479:
2986:Bridge 277: Bridge on the River Khwae
2238:. It completed the rail link between
7917:History of rail transport in Myanmar
7242:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
7146:
7072:
7049:
6735:. New York: William Morrow & Co.
6730:
6615:Blair, Clay Jr.; Joan Blair (1979).
6595:
6476:
6044:
5633:House of Parliament – Commons Debate
5503:
5488:
5094:
4871:
4626:
4446:
4214:
3522:adding citations to reliable sources
3493:
3474:
3256:Wooden trestle across Zamithi River
2959:
7912:List of railway stations in Myanmar
7142:. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
5037:"The Enemy: Treatment of prisoners"
4493:
4246:Boggett, David (22 November 2015).
3983:Death Railway Interest Group (DRIG)
3916:
3489:
3345:Three cemeteries maintained by the
3289:Wooden trestle across Anakui River
3241:Wooden trestle across Mekaza River
2668:
24:
7140:To the Kwai and Back: War Drawings
7086:. Palo Alto, CA: Glencannon Press.
6890:From China Burma India to the Kwai
6623:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
6484:"The Death Railway Interest Group"
6206:. Canadian Fallen – Canadian. 2017
6139:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
6059:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
5517:"After the War: War crimes trials"
4826:
3685:, Australian soldier who survived
3460:, opened in January 2003, and the
3448:(north of the current terminus at
3347:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
3274:Steel bridge across Apalong River
3013:, 'stream, river' or 'tributary';
1669:
25:
8039:
7369:Construction of the Burma Railway
7248:
7045:. NSW, Australia: Kangaroo Press.
6969:. Wilmington, Delaware: SR Books.
6787:The Narrow Road to the Deep North
6679:. Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press.
5151:
4042:The Narrow Road to the Deep North
3973:The Narrow Road to the Deep North
7978:Logistics routes of World War II
7675:
7618:Locomotives & Multiple Units
7561:Commuter and Inter-city stations
7513:
7442:
7233:. New York: Straus & Giroux.
6927:. London: Marsworth Publishing.
6514:The Death Railway Interest Group
6488:The Death Railway Interest Group
5095:Kaur, Minderjeet (9 July 2016).
4908:"The Bridge Over The River Kwae"
4886:Western Star and Roma Advertiser
4174:
4162:
4150:
4138:
3677:Sir Ernest Edward "Weary" Dunlop
3655:(1916–1989), British writer and
3498:
3418:. The Americans were called the
3105:
3033:; in English, 'big tributary').
2615:Malayan Tamils in the work camps
2299:and following the valley of the
2148:
2141:
2119:
2093:
2086:
2064:
2042:
2020:
1998:
1976:
1954:
1932:
1910:
1888:
1866:
1844:
1822:
1800:
1778:
1756:
1734:
1712:
1690:
1668:
1646:
1624:
1602:
1580:
1558:
1512:
1490:
1468:
1446:
1424:
1402:
1380:
1358:
1336:
1314:
1292:
1270:
1248:
1226:
1204:
1182:
1160:
1138:
1116:
1094:
1072:
1050:
1027:
1026:
1004:
982:
960:
935:
913:
891:
869:
845:
823:
801:
779:
757:
735:
713:
691:
669:
647:
625:
601:
600:
578:
556:
534:
512:
490:
468:
446:
420:
413:
391:
385:
384:
362:
336:
47:
27:WWII Japanese Thai–Burma railway
8003:Tourist attractions in Thailand
7973:Metre gauge railways in Myanmar
7824:Yangon Urban Mass Rapid Transit
7299:2/3rd Machine Gun Battalion AIF
6642:. London: Secker & Warburg.
6464:
6442:
6424:
6399:
6374:
6344:
6328:. Lonely Planet. Archived from
6318:
6301:"Thailand-Burma Railway Centre"
6293:
6268:
6243:
6218:
6097:
6072:
6018:
5992:
5967:
5912:
5886:
5861:
5835:
5810:
5799:
5774:
5748:
5722:
5696:
5629:"Bound Volume Hansard – Debate"
5617:
5589:
5564:
5539:
5509:
5435:
5410:
5405:Coast, Noszlopy & Nash 2014
5357:
5331:
5305:
5226:
5200:
5175:
5160:
5145:
5119:
5088:
5029:
4963:"Death plunge On Burma Railway"
4955:
4930:
4900:
4801:
4774:
4737:
4711:
4686:
4588:
4562:
4537:
4463:
4452:
4414:
3509:needs additional citations for
3064:Destroyed bridge (date unknown)
2142:
2094:
2087:
392:
7363:Death Railway list for redress
7357:Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery CWGC
7339:Kanchanaburi War Cemetery CWGC
7273:Burma railway trip report 2012
7215:. New York: Arcade Publishing.
6863:. London: Imperial War Museum.
6811:. New York: Harper & Bros.
6581:. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
5239:Library of Stanford University
5183:"Pakan Baroe Sumatra-spoorweg"
4719:"Kampen aan de Birma-spoorweg"
4388:
4363:
4333:
4296:
4270:
4208:
4036:The Bridge over the River Kwai
3964:Through the Valley of the Kwai
3667:Col. John Harold Henry Coombes
2807:
2714:Conditions during construction
2531:railway yard, reinforcing the
2388:Federated Malay States Railway
961:
846:
421:
13:
1:
7535:Commuter and Inter-city lines
7188:Van der Molen, Evert (2012).
7052:One Fourteenth of an Elephant
6717:. England: Information sheet.
6539:Sellappah, Sasidaran (2019).
6004:Japanese Krijgsgevangenkampen
5898:Japanese Krijgsgevangenkampen
5847:Japanese Krijgsgevangenkampen
5806:Plague on the Kwae Yai bridge
5418:"Singapore War Crimes Trials"
5187:Japanese Krijgsgevangenkampen
4187:
3458:Thailand–Burma Railway Centre
3400:(including British officers)
2708:
2370:The project aimed to connect
2320:Japanese forces invaded Burma
2210:and similar names, or as the
2065:
2043:
2021:
1999:
1977:
1955:
1933:
1911:
1889:
1867:
1845:
1823:
1801:
1779:
1757:
1735:
1713:
1691:
1647:
1625:
1603:
1581:
1559:
1513:
1491:
1469:
1447:
1425:
1403:
1381:
1359:
1337:
1315:
1293:
1271:
1249:
1227:
1205:
1183:
1161:
1139:
1117:
1095:
1073:
1051:
1005:
983:
337:
53:The railroad bridge over the
8023:Railway lines opened in 1957
8018:Railway lines closed in 1947
8013:Railway lines opened in 1943
7968:Japanese war crimes in Burma
7587:Eastern and Oriental Express
7498:Bangkok Expressway and Metro
7255:Death Railway Interest Group
6965:La Forte, Robert S. (1993).
6892:. Waco, Texas: Texian Press.
6841:The River Kwai Railway Today
5369:Japanse Krijgsgevangenkampen
5343:Japanse Krijgsgevangenkampen
5265:Japanse Krijgsgevangenkampen
4723:Japanse Krijgsgevangenkampen
4504:"The Thailand-Burma Railway"
4371:"10.2 The Dec 1941 Invasion"
4030:The Bridge on the River Kwai
3876:(1913–2013), British author
3075:by J.A.E. Rutherford (1946).
2798:war crime committed by Japan
2655:Sumatra or Palembang Railway
2592:
2149:
914:
892:
802:
736:
714:
670:
648:
626:
535:
447:
7:
8028:Military logistics of Japan
8008:World War II sites in Burma
7504:Bangkok Mass Transit System
7465:High-speed rail in Thailand
7165:Urquhart, Alistair (2010).
7151:. Quanah, TX: Nortex Press.
7091:Reynolds, E. Bruce (2005).
6767:. Melbourne: One Day Hill.
6675:Charles, H. Robert (2006).
6226:"Kanchanaburi War Cemetery"
6055:"Kanchanaburi War Cemetery"
5601:Singapore War Crimes Trials
5597:"Banno Hirateru and others"
5551:Singapore War Crimes Trials
5422:Singapore War Crimes Trials
5339:"Thailand Treintransporten"
4222:. Knox Press. p. 131.
4068:
3635:(1919–1979), headmaster of
3469:National Memorial Arboretum
3182:400 m (1,300 ft)
3164:322 m (1,056 ft)
2856:Dutch East Indies
2597:
2436:
2417:(nowadays: Kaeng Khoi Tha,
2120:
936:
870:
824:
780:
758:
692:
579:
557:
513:
491:
469:
414:
363:
10:
8044:
7953:Myanmar–Thailand relations
7449:Rail transport in Thailand
7351:Chungkai War Cemetery CWGC
7345:Kanchanaburi Memorial CWGC
7293:Allied POWS under Japanese
7160:. Austin, TX: Eakin Press.
7119:Rivett, Rohan D. (1992) .
7104:. Sydney: Kangaroo Press.
7041:McLaggan, Douglas (1995).
7026:. New York: Random House.
7003:. New York: W. W. Norton.
6647:Bradden, Russell (2001) .
6619:Return from the River Kwai
6531:
6510:"The Tomb of 10,000 Souls"
6356:US POWs Thai-Burma Railway
6352:"14.3 Thai-anusorn Shrine"
6026:"Graven van Krijsgevangen"
5873:US POWs Thai-Burma Railway
5755:Bob Bergin (7 July 2021).
5547:"Ishida Eiguma and others"
5365:"Birma Scheepstransporten"
4668:US POWs Thai-Burma Railway
4475:US POWs Thai-Burma Railway
4375:US POWs Thai-Burma Railway
3996:Cultural impact and legacy
3109:
3056:Bombardments of Bridge 277
2995:Bridge over the River Kwai
2588:The start point in Myanmar
2478:Thai Minister of Transport
2282:
29:
7983:Railway lines in Thailand
7904:
7873:
7832:
7819:Mandalay Circular Railway
7806:
7751:
7695:
7688:
7682:Rail transport in Myanmar
7610:
7579:
7548:
7522:
7511:
7492:State Railway of Thailand
7478:
7470:Rail transport in Bangkok
7460:Rapid transit in Thailand
7455:
7229:Webster, Donovan (2003).
7173:. London: Little, Brown.
7082:Reminick, Gerald (2002).
7018:MacArthur, Brian (2005).
6942:Kinvig, Clifford (1992).
6923:Kandler, Richard (2010).
6722:Davies, Peter N. (1991).
6577:Haseman, John B. (2002).
6558:Kratosk, Paul H. (2018).
5757:"Bombing Burma's Bridges"
5075:"Death Railway Movements"
4882:"Burma-Siam railway sold"
4664:"8.12 Konkoita mtg point"
4085:Far East prisoners of war
3416:Texas Army National Guard
3374:, 65 kilometres south of
3368:Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery
3351:Kanchanaburi War Cemetery
3317:Kanchanaburi War Cemetery
2898:
2884:
2870:
2852:
2831:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2756:State Library of Victoria
2447:Japanese Prisoners of War
2252:
2157:
2135:
2128:
2113:
2102:
2080:
2073:
2058:
2051:
2036:
2029:
2014:
2007:
1992:
1985:
1970:
1963:
1948:
1941:
1926:
1919:
1904:
1897:
1882:
1875:
1860:
1853:
1838:
1831:
1816:
1809:
1794:
1787:
1772:
1765:
1750:
1743:
1728:
1721:
1706:
1699:
1684:
1677:
1662:
1655:
1640:
1633:
1618:
1611:
1596:
1589:
1574:
1567:
1552:
1521:
1506:
1499:
1484:
1477:
1462:
1455:
1440:
1433:
1418:
1411:
1396:
1389:
1374:
1367:
1352:
1345:
1330:
1323:
1308:
1301:
1286:
1279:
1264:
1257:
1242:
1235:
1220:
1213:
1198:
1191:
1176:
1169:
1154:
1147:
1132:
1125:
1110:
1103:
1088:
1081:
1066:
1059:
1044:
1035:
1020:
1013:
998:
991:
976:
969:
954:
944:
929:
922:
907:
900:
885:
878:
863:
854:
839:
832:
817:
810:
795:
788:
773:
766:
751:
744:
729:
722:
707:
700:
685:
678:
663:
656:
641:
634:
619:
609:
594:
587:
572:
565:
550:
543:
528:
521:
506:
499:
484:
477:
462:
455:
440:
433:State Railway of Thailand
429:
407:
400:
378:
371:
356:
349:State Railway of Thailand
345:
330:
299:
263:
259:415 km (258 mi)
255:
250:
234:
223:1 February 1947
219:
208:
197:25 October 1943
193:
185:
180:
175:State Railway of Thailand
170:
160:
155:
144:
123:
101:
89:
75:
70:
46:
41:
32:Rail transport in Myanmar
7993:Thailand in World War II
7331:12 February 2011 at the
7238:Wigmore, Lionel (1957).
7147:Teel, Horace G. (1978).
7077:. Boston: Da Capo Press.
7050:Peek, Ian Denys (2003).
6985:Burma: The Forgotten War
6838:Green, Peter J. (2017).
6763:; Arch Flanagan (2005).
6749:Eldredge, Sears (2010).
6726:. London: Athlone Press.
6640:Bridge on the River Kwai
6407:"Burma Railway Memorial"
6280:South China Morning Post
5731:"USS PAMPANITO (SS-383)"
4106:Siam–Burma Death Railway
3971:. Flanagan's 2013 book
3901:The Forgotten Highlander
3831:Sort of a Cricket Person
3301:Cemeteries and memorials
3284:60 m (200 ft)
3266:50 m (160 ft)
3251:75 m (246 ft)
3236:56 m (184 ft)
3218:90 m (300 ft)
2291:Map of the Death Railway
2248:Tai–Men Rensetsu Tetsudō
7814:Yangon Circular Railway
7220:Waterford, Van (1994).
7156:Thompson, Kyle (1994).
7138:Searle, Ronald (1986).
7073:Rees, Laurence (2001).
6859:Hardie, Robert (1983).
6698:. Newcastle: Myrmidon.
6656:Bradley, James (1982).
6638:Boulle, Pierre (1954).
6032:(in Dutch). 8 June 1946
5761:Warfare History Network
5286:Frederick Noel Taylor.
4813:Australian War Memorial
4781:Sears Eldredge (2014).
4698:Australian War Memorial
4602:(in Dutch). 3 July 1947
4471:"20.3 BanPong Incident"
4055:brought his son, comic
3929:William Gwee Thian Hock
3768:a film of the same name
3633:Anthony Chenevix-Trench
2981:Features of the Railway
2752:Australian War Memorial
7566:Bridges & viaducts
7556:Rapid transit stations
7211:Velmans, Loet (2003).
6987:. London: John Murray.
6888:Henderson, W. (1991).
6740:Dunlop, E. E. (1986).
6596:Gwee, William (2013).
6251:"Death Railway Museum"
6141:. 2012. Archived from
5171:(in Tamil). p. 4.
5167:விசயகுமார், க. (ed.).
4202:The Thai-Burma Railway
3779:Tan Sri Professor Sir
3727:dean of the chapel at
3590:In the Shadow of Death
3441:
3390:
3329:
3318:
3310:
3141:
3121:
3076:
3065:
2998:
2804:Death rates and causes
2778:
2723:
2616:
2589:
2574:
2462:Government of Thailand
2419:Sangkhla Buri District
2409:
2367:
2355:
2347:
2309:Japan invaded Thailand
2292:
7723:Pyinmana–Kyaukpadaung
7633:Siemens Modular Metro
7597:International Express
7397:14.04083°N 99.50306°E
6983:Latimer, Jon (2004).
6950:. London: Brassey's.
6898:Hornfischer, James D.
6651:. Edinburgh: Birlinn.
6170:"The Workers – Dutch"
6135:"Search For War Dead"
5786:Austrial War Memorial
5703:Harchand Singh Bedi.
5261:"Transporten in 1942"
4459:roll-of-honour.org.uk
4200:Beattie, Rod (2007).
4015:book of the same name
3977:2014 Man Booker Prize
3709:David Neville Ffolkes
3428:
3394:Chungkai War Cemetery
3388:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3139:
3124:Hellfire Pass in the
3119:
3071:
3063:
2993:
2768:
2721:
2614:
2587:
2572:Thanbyuzayat, Myanmar
2569:
2521:Sai Yok Noi Waterfall
2423:Kanchanaburi Province
2403:
2395:various rail networks
2361:
2353:
2345:
2290:
402:Nong Pla Duk Junction
246:(Nong Pladuk–Nam Tok)
238:1 July 1958
215:and civilian laborers
59:Kanchanaburi Province
7865:Madaya Light Railway
7850:Hlaingthaya–Hinthada
7592:Nakhon Phing Express
6908:. New York: Bantam.
6731:Daws, Gavan (1994).
6000:"Anakwin – 369 (46)"
4937:B. R. Whyte (2010).
3729:Princeton University
3671:Cadet College Petaro
3627:Jack Bridger Chalker
3518:improve this article
2732:Jack Bridger Chalker
2607:Trafficked civilians
2226:, Burma (now called
2202:, also known as the
148:Nam Tok Sai Yok Noi–
131:Nong Pladuk Junction
7927:Burma Mines Railway
7718:Taungdwingyi–Magway
7530:Rapid transit lines
7393: /
7102:The Survival Factor
6109:Cambridge Core Blog
6084:Cambridge Core Blog
5979:Far East POW Family
5924:Far East POW Family
5822:Far East POW Family
5658:Far East POW Family
5627:(4 December 1996).
5576:Far East POW Family
5506:, pp. 223–243.
5491:, pp. 242–243.
5443:"The Death Railway"
5107:on 12 February 2020
4867:on 18 January 2012.
4771:, pp. 238–239.
4638:Far East POW Family
4574:The West Australian
4545:"The Japanese Plan"
4449:, pp. 183–184.
4402:. 28 September 2021
4277:P. Chandrasekaran.
4095:Kra Isthmus Railway
4007:The motion picture
4002:The Star (Malaysia)
3939:Sasidaran Sellappah
3911:Stanford University
3863:McMahon governments
3843:Sir Reginald Swartz
3821:St Trinian's School
3789:, British physician
3781:Alexander Oppenheim
3586:Idris James Barwick
3574:McMahon governments
3438:Yasukuni War Museum
3398:British Indian Army
3380:British Indian Army
3362:British Indian Army
3355:British Indian Army
3204:Three-Tiered Bridge
3132:Significant bridges
2814:
2777:in Thailand in 1943
2760:Imperial War Museum
2541:Thung Song Junction
2537:Ban Phachi Junction
2525:Nam Tok Sai Yok Noi
2313:attack on Singapore
971:Nam Tok Sai Yok Noi
136:Nam Tok Sai Yok Noi
7998:Strategic railways
7860:Nyaunglebin–Madauk
7794:Shwenyaung–Mongnai
7759:Mandalay–Myitkyina
7728:Kyaukpadaung–Chauk
7402:14.04083; 99.50306
7365:for reference only
7359:for reference only
7353:for reference only
7347:for reference only
7341:for reference only
7301:for reference only
7295:for reference only
6362:on 1 February 2022
6326:"JEATH War Museum"
6180:on 27 January 2014
5953:Indisch Historisch
5447:Diplomatic Courier
5292:Far Eastern Heroes
5288:"Railway of Death"
5241:. p. Contents
5233:Paul H. Kratoska.
5213:Far Eastern Heroes
5209:"The Thai Railway"
5073:MacPherson, Neil.
5047:on 15 January 2015
4969:. 7 February 1947.
4674:on 30 January 2022
4481:on 29 January 2022
4400:World War 2 Planes
3480:Civilian labourers
3442:
3391:
3330:
3319:
3311:
3142:
3122:
3077:
3066:
2999:
2818:Country of origin
2808:
2779:
2724:
2697:(သံဖြူဇရပ် in the
2617:
2590:
2579:Vajiralongkorn Dam
2575:
2493:Royal Thai Railway
2410:
2368:
2356:
2348:
2297:Three Pagodas Pass
2293:
2208:Thai–Burma Railway
2204:Siam–Burma Railway
1529:Three Pagodas Pass
834:Tham Krasae Bridge
145:Former connections
85:Thai–Burma Railway
83:Siam–Burma Railway
18:Thai-Burma Railway
7935:
7934:
7833:Abolished railway
7802:
7801:
7708:Yangon–Mawlamyine
7641:
7640:
7266:The Prisoner List
7203:978-90-819129-1-4
7180:978-1-4087-0211-6
7033:978-1-4000-6413-7
6934:978-0-9564881-0-7
6915:978-0-553-38450-5
6869:Harrison, Kenneth
6851:978-1-900340-45-8
6823:. HarperCollins.
6796:978-1-74166-670-0
6783:Flanagan, Richard
6774:978-0-9757708-1-8
6705:978-1-905802-93-7
6686:978-0-7603-2820-0
6630:978-0-671-24278-7
6452:. 22 January 2024
6436:www.johncoast.org
6332:on 16 August 2012
5947:H.C.P. Giesbers.
5729:C. Mike Carmody.
5312:FEPOW community.
4948:978-974-480-157-9
4888:. 11 October 1946
4794:978-0-615-57445-5
4534:, pp. 43–48.
4428:. 14 October 2014
4351:on 7 January 2013
4252:FMT News: Letters
4118:Strategic railway
4100:Military railways
4076:"Death Railway" (
4053:Michael Whitehall
3897:Alistair Urquhart
3892:Hawke governments
3715:William Frankland
3661:Railroad of Death
3647:Sir Albert Coates
3612:Fraser government
3550:
3549:
3542:
3475:Notable labourers
3298:
3297:
2960:War crimes trials
2942:Eurasian ancestry
2938:Dutch East Indies
2914:
2913:
2838:crown colony
2824:Number of deaths
2783:Railroad of Death
2744:Ashley George Old
2374:in Thailand with
2366:, Myanmar (Burma)
2328:Strait of Malacca
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
1833:Thanbaya POW Camp
1569:Paya-thanzu Tuang
1546:
1545:
658:Chungkai POW Camp
16:(Redirected from
8035:
7743:Tanintharyi Line
7713:Pathein–Letpadan
7693:
7692:
7680:
7679:
7668:
7661:
7654:
7645:
7644:
7540:High-speed lines
7517:
7447:
7446:
7435:
7428:
7421:
7412:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7403:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7386:
7326:The Will to Live
7243:
7234:
7225:
7216:
7207:
7184:
7172:
7161:
7152:
7143:
7134:
7115:
7096:
7087:
7078:
7069:
7046:
7037:
7025:
7014:
7002:
6988:
6979:
6970:
6961:
6949:
6938:
6919:
6907:
6893:
6884:
6875:. Guy Harrison.
6864:
6855:
6834:
6812:
6800:
6778:
6761:Flanagan, Martin
6756:
6745:
6736:
6727:
6718:
6709:
6690:
6671:
6652:
6649:The Naked Island
6643:
6634:
6622:
6611:
6592:
6573:
6554:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6506:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6480:
6474:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6358:. Archived from
6348:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6322:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6166:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6145:on 7 August 2012
6131:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6051:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5944:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5839:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5814:
5808:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5621:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5607:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5527:on 20 April 2013
5523:. Archived from
5513:
5507:
5501:
5492:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5467:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5393:
5392:, p. xxxiv.
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5126:Patricia Hului.
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5103:. Archived from
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5070:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5043:. Archived from
5033:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5008:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4980:
4971:
4970:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4914:. Archived from
4904:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4878:
4869:
4868:
4863:. Archived from
4857:
4848:
4847:
4835:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4670:. Archived from
4660:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4630:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4500:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4477:. Archived from
4467:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4426:Military History
4418:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4347:. Archived from
4337:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4308:Tabla! Singapore
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4258:on 10 March 2016
4254:. Archived from
4243:
4234:
4233:
4216:Rigg, Bryan Mark
4212:
4206:
4205:
4197:
4179:
4178:
4167:
4166:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4134:
4113:Slavery in Japan
4047:Richard Flanagan
3917:Notable accounts
3694:Richard Flanagan
3639:, 1964–1970 and
3608:Sir John Carrick
3580:Harold Atcherley
3554:Sir Ken Anderson
3545:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3525:
3502:
3494:
3490:Allied labourers
3462:JEATH War Museum
3222:Songkurai bridge
3186:Wang Pho Viaduct
3144:
3143:
3126:Tenasserim Hills
3029:(แควใหญ่ in the
2815:
2699:Burmese language
2683:Camp Nong Pladuk
2669:Prisoners of war
2557:Khiri Rat Nikhom
2475:
2406:Wang Pho Viaduct
2390:network and the
2336:Battle of Midway
2326:and through the
2255:
2254:
2242:, Thailand, and
2161:Myanmar Railways
2152:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2123:
2122:
2106:Myanmar Railways
2097:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2075:Sin-Thanbyuzayat
2068:
2067:
2046:
2045:
2024:
2023:
2002:
2001:
1980:
1979:
1958:
1957:
1936:
1935:
1914:
1913:
1892:
1891:
1870:
1869:
1848:
1847:
1826:
1825:
1804:
1803:
1782:
1781:
1760:
1759:
1738:
1737:
1716:
1715:
1694:
1693:
1672:
1671:
1650:
1649:
1628:
1627:
1606:
1605:
1584:
1583:
1562:
1561:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1494:
1493:
1472:
1471:
1450:
1449:
1428:
1427:
1406:
1405:
1384:
1383:
1362:
1361:
1340:
1339:
1318:
1317:
1296:
1295:
1274:
1273:
1252:
1251:
1230:
1229:
1208:
1207:
1186:
1185:
1164:
1163:
1142:
1141:
1120:
1119:
1098:
1097:
1076:
1075:
1054:
1053:
1030:
1029:
1008:
1007:
986:
985:
964:
963:
939:
938:
924:Tha Sao POW Camp
917:
916:
895:
894:
873:
872:
857:Wang Pho Viaduct
849:
848:
827:
826:
805:
804:
783:
782:
761:
760:
739:
738:
717:
716:
695:
694:
673:
672:
651:
650:
629:
628:
604:
603:
589:Khwae Yai Bridge
582:
581:
560:
559:
538:
537:
516:
515:
494:
493:
472:
471:
450:
449:
424:
423:
417:
416:
395:
394:
388:
387:
366:
365:
340:
339:
328:
327:
315:
301:
300:
295:
289:
287:
286:
282:
279:
271:
245:
243:
230:
228:
213:Prisoners of war
204:
202:
51:
39:
38:
21:
8043:
8042:
8038:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8032:
7938:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7900:
7886:Thanlwin Bridge
7874:Railway bridges
7869:
7828:
7798:
7769:Yangon–Mandalay
7764:Mandalay–Lashio
7747:
7733:Pathein–Pakokku
7703:Yangon–Mandalay
7684:
7674:
7672:
7642:
7637:
7606:
7602:Thaksin Express
7575:
7544:
7518:
7509:
7479:Major operators
7474:
7451:
7441:
7439:
7401:
7399:
7395:
7392:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7333:Wayback Machine
7305:TourismThailand
7251:
7246:
7204:
7181:
7131:
7112:
7066:
7034:
7011:
6958:
6935:
6916:
6852:
6831:
6821:To End all Wars
6797:
6775:
6706:
6687:
6668:
6631:
6608:
6589:
6570:
6551:
6534:
6529:
6519:
6517:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6493:
6491:
6482:
6481:
6477:
6469:
6465:
6455:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6430:
6429:
6425:
6415:
6413:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6390:
6388:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6365:
6363:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6335:
6333:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6309:
6307:
6299:
6298:
6294:
6284:
6282:
6274:
6273:
6269:
6259:
6257:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6234:
6232:
6224:
6223:
6219:
6209:
6207:
6204:Canadian Fallen
6198:
6197:
6193:
6183:
6181:
6168:
6167:
6158:
6148:
6146:
6133:
6132:
6123:
6113:
6111:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6088:
6086:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6063:
6061:
6053:
6052:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6009:
6007:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5958:
5956:
5945:
5938:
5928:
5926:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5903:
5901:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5877:
5875:
5867:
5866:
5862:
5852:
5850:
5843:"Wang Po - 114"
5841:
5840:
5836:
5826:
5824:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5804:
5800:
5790:
5788:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5765:
5763:
5753:
5749:
5739:
5737:
5727:
5723:
5713:
5711:
5701:
5697:
5687:
5685:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5662:
5660:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5637:
5635:
5622:
5618:
5605:
5603:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5580:
5578:
5570:
5569:
5565:
5555:
5553:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5530:
5528:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5502:
5495:
5487:
5483:
5468:
5461:
5451:
5449:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5426:
5424:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5403:
5396:
5388:
5384:
5374:
5372:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5348:
5346:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5322:
5320:
5310:
5306:
5296:
5294:
5284:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5244:
5242:
5231:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5205:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5169:சாயம் மரண ரயில்
5165:
5161:
5150:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5124:
5120:
5110:
5108:
5093:
5089:
5079:
5077:
5071:
5060:
5050:
5048:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5020:
5018:
5010:
5009:
5002:
4992:
4990:
4982:
4981:
4974:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4949:
4935:
4931:
4921:
4919:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4891:
4889:
4880:
4879:
4872:
4859:
4858:
4851:
4844:Google Docs p18
4836:
4827:
4817:
4815:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4779:
4775:
4767:
4763:
4753:
4751:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4702:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4662:
4661:
4652:
4642:
4640:
4634:"Meeting Point"
4632:
4631:
4627:
4619:
4615:
4605:
4603:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4553:
4551:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4530:
4523:
4513:
4511:
4502:
4501:
4494:
4484:
4482:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4457:
4453:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4403:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4379:
4377:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4354:
4352:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4326:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4287:
4285:
4275:
4271:
4261:
4259:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4213:
4209:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4173:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4139:
4137:
4129:
4127:
4123:Sumatra Railway
4071:
4020:To End All Wars
4010:The Railway Man
3998:
3985:
3949:Paul H. Kratosk
3919:
3805:Rowley Richards
3787:Frank Pantridge
3774:Jacob Markowitz
3763:The Railway Man
3698:Martin Flanagan
3546:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3515:
3503:
3492:
3482:
3477:
3303:
3208:Wooden trestle
3168:Kwae Yai Bridge
3153:Type and where
3134:
3114:
3108:
3058:
3007:Khwae Noi River
2988:
2983:
2962:
2930:tropical ulcers
2854:
2813:
2806:
2736:Philip Meninsky
2716:
2711:
2671:
2634:Malayan Chinese
2621:Southeast Asian
2609:
2600:
2595:
2469:
2467:Kri Dechatiwong
2439:
2324:Malay Peninsula
2318:In early 1942,
2301:Khwae Noi river
2285:
2164:
2153:
2146:
2124:
2109:
2098:
2091:
2069:
2047:
2025:
2003:
1981:
1959:
1937:
1915:
1893:
1871:
1849:
1827:
1805:
1783:
1761:
1739:
1717:
1695:
1680:
1673:
1651:
1629:
1607:
1585:
1563:
1548:
1517:
1495:
1473:
1451:
1429:
1407:
1385:
1363:
1341:
1319:
1297:
1275:
1253:
1231:
1209:
1187:
1165:
1143:
1121:
1099:
1077:
1055:
1040:
1031:
1009:
987:
965:
950:
940:
918:
896:
874:
859:
850:
828:
806:
784:
762:
740:
718:
696:
674:
652:
630:
615:
605:
583:
561:
539:
517:
495:
473:
451:
436:
425:
418:
403:
396:
389:
367:
352:
341:
322:
306:
291:
284:
280:
277:
275:
274:3 ft
273:
269:
241:
239:
226:
224:
200:
198:
140:
84:
82:
80:
66:
55:Khwae Yai River
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8041:
8031:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7933:
7932:
7930:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7908:
7906:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7898:
7896:Pakokku Bridge
7893:
7888:
7883:
7881:Goteik viaduct
7877:
7875:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7836:
7834:
7830:
7829:
7827:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7810:
7808:
7804:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7789:Kalaw–Lawksawk
7786:
7781:
7776:
7774:Monywa–Pakokku
7771:
7766:
7761:
7755:
7753:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7699:
7697:
7690:
7686:
7685:
7671:
7670:
7663:
7656:
7648:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7628:Siemens Desiro
7625:
7620:
7614:
7612:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7583:
7581:
7580:Notable trains
7577:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7552:
7550:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7526:
7524:
7520:
7519:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7501:
7495:
7489:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7438:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7415:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7360:
7354:
7348:
7342:
7336:
7323:
7318:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7296:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7262:
7257:
7250:
7249:External links
7247:
7245:
7244:
7235:
7226:
7217:
7208:
7202:
7185:
7179:
7162:
7153:
7144:
7135:
7129:
7116:
7110:
7097:
7088:
7079:
7070:
7064:
7047:
7038:
7032:
7015:
7009:
6989:
6980:
6971:
6962:
6956:
6939:
6933:
6920:
6914:
6904:Ship of Ghosts
6894:
6885:
6865:
6856:
6850:
6835:
6829:
6817:Gordon, Ernest
6813:
6805:Gordon, Ernest
6801:
6795:
6779:
6773:
6757:
6746:
6737:
6728:
6719:
6710:
6704:
6691:
6685:
6672:
6666:
6653:
6644:
6635:
6629:
6612:
6607:978-9814382229
6606:
6598:A Baba Boyhood
6593:
6588:978-9971696382
6587:
6574:
6569:978-9971696382
6568:
6555:
6549:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6501:
6475:
6463:
6441:
6423:
6398:
6373:
6343:
6317:
6292:
6267:
6242:
6217:
6191:
6156:
6121:
6096:
6071:
6043:
6030:Nieuwe courant
6017:
5991:
5966:
5936:
5911:
5894:"Hintok - 155"
5885:
5860:
5834:
5809:
5798:
5773:
5747:
5721:
5695:
5670:
5645:
5616:
5588:
5563:
5538:
5508:
5493:
5481:
5459:
5434:
5409:
5394:
5382:
5356:
5330:
5304:
5278:
5252:
5225:
5207:Harry Walton.
5199:
5174:
5159:
5144:
5118:
5087:
5058:
5028:
5000:
4972:
4954:
4947:
4929:
4918:on 27 May 2016
4899:
4870:
4849:
4825:
4800:
4793:
4773:
4769:Waterford 1994
4761:
4736:
4710:
4685:
4650:
4625:
4623:, p. 243.
4621:Waterford 1994
4613:
4587:
4576:. 9 March 1949
4561:
4536:
4532:MacArthur 2005
4521:
4510:. 26 June 2008
4492:
4462:
4451:
4439:
4413:
4387:
4362:
4345:In Pattaya Now
4332:
4328:MacArthur 2005
4320:
4295:
4269:
4235:
4228:
4207:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4171:
4159:
4147:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4057:Jack Whitehall
4013:(based on the
3997:
3994:
3984:
3981:
3959:Eiji Murashima
3918:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3904:
3894:
3881:
3871:
3865:
3840:
3834:
3824:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3777:
3771:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3703:Keith Flanagan
3700:
3690:
3683:Ringer Edwards
3680:
3674:
3664:
3657:music promoter
3650:
3644:
3641:Fettes College
3630:
3624:
3614:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3592:, died in 1974
3583:
3576:
3548:
3547:
3506:
3504:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3420:Lost Battalion
3302:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3133:
3130:
3110:Main article:
3107:
3104:
3057:
3054:
3049:ferro-concrete
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2961:
2958:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2885:United States
2882:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2853:Netherlands or
2850:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2805:
2802:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2670:
2667:
2630:Malayan Tamils
2608:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2438:
2435:
2284:
2281:
2232:Burma campaign
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1755:
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1751:
1748:
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1740:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
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1711:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1696:
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1681:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
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1638:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1601:
1599:
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1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1555:
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1550:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1532:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:Chaunggahla-ya
1498:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1003:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
990:
988:
981:
979:
977:
974:
973:
968:
966:
959:
957:
955:
952:
951:
948:
943:
941:
934:
932:
930:
927:
926:
921:
919:
912:
910:
908:
905:
904:
899:
897:
890:
888:
886:
883:
882:
877:
875:
868:
866:
864:
861:
860:
855:
853:
851:
844:
842:
840:
837:
836:
831:
829:
822:
820:
818:
815:
814:
809:
807:
800:
798:
796:
793:
792:
787:
785:
778:
776:
774:
771:
770:
765:
763:
756:
754:
752:
749:
748:
743:
741:
734:
732:
730:
727:
726:
721:
719:
712:
710:
708:
705:
704:
699:
697:
690:
688:
686:
683:
682:
677:
675:
668:
666:
664:
661:
660:
655:
653:
646:
644:
642:
639:
638:
633:
631:
624:
622:
620:
617:
616:
611:Bridge on the
610:
608:
606:
599:
597:
595:
592:
591:
586:
584:
577:
575:
573:
570:
569:
564:
562:
555:
553:
551:
548:
547:
542:
540:
533:
531:
529:
526:
525:
520:
518:
511:
509:
507:
504:
503:
498:
496:
489:
487:
485:
482:
481:
476:
474:
467:
465:
463:
460:
459:
454:
452:
445:
443:
441:
438:
437:
430:
428:
426:
419:
412:
410:
408:
405:
404:
401:
399:
397:
390:
383:
381:
379:
376:
375:
370:
368:
361:
359:
357:
354:
353:
346:
344:
342:
335:
333:
331:
324:
323:
318:
308:
307:
304:
297:
296:
267:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
248:
247:
236:
232:
231:
221:
217:
216:
210:
206:
205:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
153:
152:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
133:
127:
125:
121:
120:
103:
99:
98:
91:
87:
86:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8040:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7948:Burma Railway
7946:
7945:
7943:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7922:Burma Railway
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7903:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7872:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7855:Pakokku–Kalay
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7845:Mandalay Tram
7843:
7841:
7838:
7837:
7835:
7831:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7807:Urban railway
7805:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7752:Upper Myanmar
7750:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7696:Lower Myanmar
7694:
7691:
7687:
7683:
7678:
7669:
7664:
7662:
7657:
7655:
7650:
7649:
7646:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7611:Rolling Stock
7609:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7578:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7547:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7521:
7516:
7505:
7502:
7499:
7496:
7493:
7490:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7457:
7454:
7450:
7445:
7436:
7431:
7429:
7424:
7422:
7417:
7416:
7413:
7409:
7406:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7358:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7343:
7340:
7337:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7252:
7241:
7236:
7232:
7227:
7223:
7218:
7214:
7209:
7205:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7186:
7182:
7176:
7171:
7170:
7163:
7159:
7154:
7150:
7145:
7141:
7136:
7132:
7130:0-14-014925-2
7126:
7122:
7121:Behind Bamboo
7117:
7113:
7111:0-86417-246-X
7107:
7103:
7098:
7094:
7089:
7085:
7080:
7076:
7071:
7067:
7065:0-7329-1168-0
7061:
7057:
7053:
7048:
7044:
7039:
7035:
7029:
7024:
7023:
7016:
7012:
7010:0-393-03910-2
7006:
7001:
7000:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6981:
6977:
6972:
6968:
6963:
6959:
6957:0-08-037344-5
6953:
6948:
6947:
6940:
6936:
6930:
6926:
6921:
6917:
6911:
6906:
6905:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6857:
6853:
6847:
6843:
6842:
6836:
6832:
6830:0-00-711848-1
6826:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6780:
6776:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6753:
6747:
6743:
6738:
6734:
6729:
6725:
6720:
6716:
6711:
6707:
6701:
6697:
6692:
6688:
6682:
6678:
6673:
6669:
6667:0-85033-467-5
6663:
6659:
6654:
6650:
6645:
6641:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6621:
6620:
6613:
6609:
6603:
6599:
6594:
6590:
6584:
6580:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6561:
6556:
6552:
6550:9789674881054
6546:
6542:
6537:
6536:
6515:
6511:
6505:
6489:
6485:
6479:
6472:
6471:Alfred Pycock
6467:
6451:
6445:
6437:
6433:
6427:
6412:
6411:Traces of War
6408:
6402:
6387:
6386:Traces of War
6383:
6377:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6331:
6327:
6321:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6256:
6255:Lonely Planet
6252:
6246:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6205:
6201:
6195:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6161:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6110:
6106:
6100:
6085:
6081:
6075:
6060:
6056:
6050:
6048:
6031:
6027:
6021:
6005:
6001:
5995:
5980:
5976:
5970:
5954:
5950:
5943:
5941:
5925:
5921:
5915:
5899:
5895:
5889:
5874:
5870:
5869:"17g. Hintok"
5864:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5807:
5802:
5787:
5783:
5777:
5762:
5758:
5751:
5736:
5732:
5725:
5710:
5706:
5699:
5684:
5680:
5674:
5659:
5655:
5649:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5613:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5577:
5573:
5567:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5505:
5500:
5498:
5490:
5485:
5478:(3): 297–319.
5477:
5473:
5466:
5464:
5448:
5444:
5438:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5406:
5401:
5399:
5391:
5390:La Forte 1994
5386:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5319:
5318:Death Railway
5315:
5308:
5293:
5289:
5282:
5266:
5262:
5256:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5214:
5210:
5203:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5170:
5163:
5156:. p. 13.
5155:
5148:
5133:
5129:
5122:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5091:
5076:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5005:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4950:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4845:
4841:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4796:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4777:
4770:
4765:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4622:
4617:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4533:
4528:
4526:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4455:
4448:
4443:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4330:, p. 43.
4329:
4324:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4240:
4231:
4229:9781637586884
4225:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4203:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4025:Ernest Gordon
4022:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3993:
3989:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3969:Ernest Gordon
3966:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3868:Philip Toosey
3866:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3827:E. W. Swanton
3825:
3822:
3818:
3817:Ronald Searle
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3799:Alfred Pycock
3797:
3794:
3793:Donald Purdie
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3752:Hamilton Lamb
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:Jack Jennings
3738:
3736:, philosopher
3735:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3723:, the former
3722:
3721:Ernest Gordon
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3617:Norman Carter
3615:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3541:
3533:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3507:This section
3505:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3484:
3483:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:Hellfire Pass
3439:
3435:
3434:JNR Class C56
3431:
3427:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3129:
3127:
3118:
3113:
3112:Hellfire Pass
3106:Hellfire Pass
3103:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3042:Philip Toosey
3039:
3034:
3032:
3031:Thai language
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2834:British India
2830:
2816:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2748:Ronald Searle
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2720:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:Changi Prison
2684:
2680:
2676:
2675:Changi Prison
2666:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2619:Over 180,000
2613:
2604:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:walking trail
2558:
2554:
2553:Ban Thung Pho
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
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2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2261:forced labour
2257:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:Death Railway
2209:
2205:
2201:
2200:Burma Railway
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2005:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1679:Apalon Bridge
1675:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1622:
1620:
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1598:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1541:
1537:
1534:
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1530:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:Shimo Ni Thea
1431:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:Tamrong Patho
1321:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1246:
1244:
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1233:
1224:
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1219:
1216:
1211:
1202:
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1197:
1194:
1189:
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1178:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1158:
1156:
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1136:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1038:Hellfire Pass
1033:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
989:
980:
978:
975:
972:
967:
958:
956:
953:
947:
942:
933:
931:
928:
925:
920:
911:
909:
906:
903:
898:
889:
887:
884:
881:
876:
867:
865:
862:
858:
852:
843:
841:
838:
835:
830:
821:
819:
816:
813:
808:
799:
797:
794:
791:
786:
777:
775:
772:
769:
764:
755:
753:
750:
747:
742:
733:
731:
728:
725:
720:
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709:
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703:
698:
689:
687:
684:
681:
676:
667:
665:
662:
659:
654:
645:
643:
640:
637:
632:
623:
621:
618:
614:
607:
598:
596:
593:
590:
585:
576:
574:
571:
568:
563:
554:
552:
549:
546:
541:
532:
530:
527:
524:
519:
510:
508:
505:
502:
497:
488:
486:
483:
480:
479:Sa Kosi Narai
475:
466:
464:
461:
458:
453:
444:
442:
439:
435:
434:
427:
411:
409:
406:
398:
382:
380:
377:
374:
369:
360:
358:
355:
351:
350:
343:
334:
332:
329:
326:
325:
321:
317:
316:
313:
310:
309:
303:
302:
298:
294:
270:1,000 mm
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
237:
233:
222:
218:
214:
211:
207:
196:
192:
188:
184:
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176:
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169:
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163:
159:
154:
151:
147:
143:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
79:Death Railway
78:
76:Other name(s)
74:
69:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
42:Burma Railway
40:
37:
33:
19:
7921:
7784:Kalaw–Loikaw
7689:Railway line
7378:
7265:
7239:
7230:
7221:
7212:
7193:
7189:
7168:
7157:
7148:
7139:
7120:
7101:
7092:
7083:
7074:
7051:
7042:
7021:
6998:
6984:
6975:
6966:
6945:
6924:
6903:
6889:
6872:
6860:
6840:
6820:
6808:
6786:
6764:
6751:
6741:
6732:
6723:
6714:
6695:
6676:
6657:
6648:
6639:
6618:
6597:
6578:
6559:
6540:
6518:. Retrieved
6513:
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6492:. Retrieved
6487:
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6454:. Retrieved
6444:
6435:
6426:
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6410:
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6389:. Retrieved
6385:
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6364:. Retrieved
6360:the original
6355:
6346:
6334:. Retrieved
6330:the original
6320:
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6304:
6295:
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6279:
6270:
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6254:
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6058:
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6029:
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5978:
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5923:
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5897:
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5872:
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5846:
5837:
5825:. Retrieved
5821:
5818:"Tha Makhan"
5812:
5801:
5789:. Retrieved
5785:
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5760:
5750:
5738:. Retrieved
5734:
5724:
5712:. Retrieved
5708:
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5682:
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5661:. Retrieved
5657:
5654:"Tha Makhan"
5648:
5636:. Retrieved
5632:
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5600:
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5575:
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5525:the original
5520:
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5437:
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5421:
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5049:. Retrieved
5045:the original
5040:
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5015:
4991:. Retrieved
4988:Rot Fai Thai
4987:
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4932:
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4916:the original
4912:Myonlinetour
4911:
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4843:
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4672:the original
4667:
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4637:
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4599:
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4564:
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4548:
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4507:
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4479:the original
4474:
4465:
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4442:
4430:. Retrieved
4425:
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4399:
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4374:
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4349:the original
4344:
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4311:. Retrieved
4307:
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4286:. Retrieved
4282:
4272:
4260:. Retrieved
4256:the original
4251:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4195:
4104:
4077:
4060:
4051:
4040:
4039:); a novel,
4034:
4028:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3999:
3990:
3986:
3972:
3962:
3952:
3942:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3900:
3877:
3830:
3811:Rohan Rivett
3761:
3760:, author of
3725:Presbyterian
3660:
3637:Eton College
3589:
3588:, author of
3536:
3530:October 2017
3527:
3516:Please help
3511:verification
3508:
3471:in England.
3466:
3454:Kanchanaburi
3443:
3410:
3402:
3392:
3372:Thanbyuzayat
3366:
3359:
3344:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3123:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3046:
3035:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3000:
2994:
2963:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2935:
2915:
2899:
2809:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2729:
2725:
2695:Thanbyuzayat
2672:
2643:
2628:. Javanese,
2618:
2601:
2576:
2501:Nong Pla Duk
2497:Kanchanaburi
2490:
2459:
2440:
2431:
2411:
2392:East Indies'
2376:Thanbyuzayat
2369:
2364:Thanbyuzayat
2317:
2306:
2294:
2274:
2270:
2258:
2247:
2236:World War II
2224:Thanbyuzayat
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2159:
2130:Thanbyuzayat
2104:
1281:Nam Chon Yai
567:Kanchanaburi
523:Tha Ruea Noi
457:Ban Pong Mai
431:
373:Nong Pla Duk
347:
311:
150:Thanbyuzayat
114:Thanbyuzayat
81:Nam Tok Line
36:
7840:Yangon Tram
7779:Kalaw–Thazi
7738:Yangon–Pyay
7400: /
6993:Lomax, Eric
6473:, Olympedia
6432:"Biography"
6230:History Hit
6114:28 February
6089:28 February
5920:"Songkurai"
5572:"Songkurai"
5314:"Departure"
4600:Het dagblad
3687:crucifixion
3673:in Pakistan
3405:repatriated
3017:, 'small'.
2971:Hiroshi Abe
2827:Death rate
2762:in London.
2740:John Mennie
2632:, Burmese,
2549:Suphan Buri
2513:truss spans
2470: [
2332:Andaman Sea
1767:Kami Mezali
1591:Aungganaung
1347:Kroeng Krai
293:metre gauge
265:Track gauge
256:Line length
171:Operator(s)
90:Native name
7942:Categories
7891:Ava Bridge
7388:99°30′11″E
7385:14°02′27″N
6881:B003LSTW3O
6456:22 January
6416:1 February
6391:1 February
6366:1 February
6336:22 October
6310:1 February
6285:1 February
6260:1 February
6235:1 February
6184:21 January
6064:31 January
6036:1 February
6010:1 February
6006:(in Dutch)
5984:1 February
5959:1 February
5955:(in Dutch)
5929:1 February
5904:1 February
5900:(in Dutch)
5878:1 February
5853:1 February
5849:(in Dutch)
5827:1 February
5791:1 February
5766:1 February
5740:1 February
5714:1 February
5688:1 February
5663:1 February
5638:1 February
5625:Tony Lloyd
5606:1 February
5581:1 February
5556:1 February
5452:1 February
5427:1 February
5375:1 February
5371:(in Dutch)
5349:1 February
5345:(in Dutch)
5323:10 January
5297:27 January
5271:27 January
5267:(in Dutch)
5245:1 February
5218:1 February
5192:1 February
5152:Gamba, C.
5137:1 February
5021:1 February
4993:30 January
4892:1 February
4818:1 February
4754:1 February
4729:1 February
4725:(in Dutch)
4703:1 February
4678:30 January
4643:1 February
4606:1 February
4580:1 February
4554:1 February
4549:Bob Kelsey
4514:27 January
4485:29 January
4432:1 February
4406:1 February
4380:1 February
4355:1 February
4188:References
3823:characters
3758:Eric Lomax
3734:R. M. Hare
3653:John Coast
3623:, Thailand
2966:war crimes
2950:Lieutenant
2871:Australia
2758:, and the
2709:Atrocities
2653:, and the
2638:trafficked
2626:trafficked
2455:Mawlamyine
1413:Thimongtha
1215:Prang Kasi
613:River Kwai
242:1958-07-01
227:1947-02-01
201:1943-10-25
165:Heavy rail
7056:Macmillan
6871:(1982) .
6200:"Results"
5531:6 January
5504:Daws 1994
5489:Daws 1994
5080:6 January
5051:9 January
4447:Daws 1994
4181:Transport
3874:Reg Twigg
3837:Arie Smit
3643:1972–1979
3602:Leo Britt
3088:Liberator
3027:Khwae Yai
3003:Mae Klong
2926:dysentery
2800:in Asia.
2691:Singapore
2679:Singapore
2659:Pekanbaru
2593:Labourers
1921:Beketaung
1369:Kurikonta
1259:Tha Kanun
1127:Kinsaiyok
949:(Tha Sao)
768:Tha Kilen
545:Tha Muang
305:Route map
251:Technical
189:1942–1947
186:Commenced
7329:Archived
6995:(1995).
6900:(2006).
6819:(2002).
6807:(1962).
6785:(2013).
6149:1 August
5975:"Apalon"
5735:Maritime
5709:Sikh Net
5111:9 August
5101:FMT News
4283:The Star
4262:9 August
4218:(2024).
4157:Thailand
4090:Hellship
4080:episode)
4078:Spyforce
4069:See also
3907:Ian Watt
3884:Tom Uren
3833:, (1972)
3621:Tamarkan
3596:Theo Bot
3376:Moulmein
3338:Buddhist
3326:Cenotaph
3200:unknown
3100:Martaban
3096:Moulmein
3038:Tamarkan
2771:beriberi
2703:Ban Pong
2651:Kra Buri
2647:Chumphon
2598:Japanese
2529:Bang Sue
2509:Wang Pho
2482:Konkoita
2437:Post-war
2415:Konkoita
2385:Malaya's
2381:sleepers
2372:Ban Pong
2330:and the
2220:Thailand
2216:Ban Pong
1877:Anankwin
1855:Thanbaya
1811:Taungzun
1723:Apalaine
1536:Thailand
1391:Konkoita
1303:Tha Mayo
1149:Lin Thin
902:Wang Yai
880:Wang Pho
724:Tha Pong
702:Wang Yen
680:Wang Lan
636:Khao Pun
288: in
235:Reopened
209:Built by
110:Thailand
106:Ban Pong
95:Japanese
93:泰緬連接鉄道 (
71:Overview
63:Thailand
7571:Tunnels
6532:Sources
6520:1 April
6494:1 April
6210:17 June
5132:Kajomag
4922:12 June
4749:Mansell
4313:30 June
4145:Myanmar
4131:Portals
3888:Whitlam
3847:Menzies
3746:Wim Kan
3663:(1946).
3558:Menzies
3450:Nam Tok
3440:, Japan
3411:Houston
3147:Length
2975:Sonkrai
2922:cholera
2918:malaria
2533:Bangkok
2486:Nam Tok
2451:Sonkrai
2283:History
2277:Nam Tok
2244:Rangoon
2240:Bangkok
2228:Myanmar
2031:Thetkaw
1987:Konnoki
1965:Retphaw
1899:Myettaw
1635:Kyondaw
1479:Sonkrai
1457:Ni Thea
1237:Yongthi
1171:Kui Yae
1061:Hin Tok
993:Tonchan
946:Nam Tok
790:Lum Sum
746:Ban Kao
501:Ruk Khe
283:⁄
240: (
225: (
199: (
181:History
156:Service
124:Termini
7905:Others
7506:(BTSC)
7488:(MRTA)
7200:
7177:
7127:
7108:
7062:
7030:
7007:
6954:
6931:
6912:
6879:
6848:
6827:
6793:
6771:
6702:
6683:
6664:
6627:
6604:
6585:
6566:
6547:
6516:. 2024
6490:. 2024
4945:
4791:
4288:30 May
4226:
4169:Trains
4109:(film)
3859:Gorton
3855:McEwen
3570:Gorton
3566:McEwen
3456:: the
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