1185:
136:
590:
life cycle for systems—as space programs are designed, acquired, and fielded. The Space
Systems Group also includes Space Launch Operations which supports Air Force and NRO launch programs by monitoring and collecting data from national security launches. It is responsible for conducting the Aerospace independent launch readiness verification process for legacy and EELV launches. This group focuses on lessons learned, data, and best practices sharing among launch programs.
606:(NOAA), as well as addressing difficult systems engineering problems in the military, civil, and commercial applications. Commercially, the group supports satellite owner-operators, spacecraft manufacturers, insurance companies, and space-consulting and legal firms. It plays a key role in spacecraft operations, acquisition planning, strategic planning, acquisition management, and risk assessment for operational, near-term and future NOAA satellite programs.
32:
300:(RW) was identified as the civilian organization responsible for systems engineering for the ICBM program. Their Space Technology Laboratories (STL) was responsible for all missile tasks. Despite early successes, there was criticism from both government and industry on the role RW played as a system engineer, in particular, that RW held a privileged position with the Air Force. In 1958 RW merged with Thompson Products to become
568:
specialty organizations: Laboratory
Operations, Communications and Networking Division, Computers and Software Division, Electronics and Sensors Division, Systems Engineering Division, Vehicle Systems Division. Members of ETG assess and evaluate existing and new space technologies, investigate and resolve anomalies, and conduct research and development.
589:
The
Defense Systems Group works with the Space Force and industry partners to develop military satellites and advanced national-security satellite systems. It oversees four major spacecraft and space system areas: communications, surveillance, weather, and navigation. Much emphasis is placed upon the
499:
MILSATCOM architecture to link military and reconnaissance communication networks. However, it was canceled per the recommendations of
Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates due to DoD budgetary constraints. Aerospace remains a significant partner in the continuing evolution of the GPS system. Aerospace
312:
which recommended that STL be converted into a non-profit institution. Congress wanted the establishment of an organization, free from conflict of interest, to aid the Air Force in "applying the full resources of modern science and technology to the problem of achieving those continuing advances in
585:
The
Defense Systems Group provides customer support to all national-security space programs. Activities within the group include requirements analysis, cross-mission planning and architecture development, strategic awareness planning, cross-program engineering, and systems acquisition development.
623:
in its laboratory, The size and shape of debris along with melting that occurs during reentry is analyzed with sophisticated computer software in an effort to reconstruct its fall. Information learned during analysis is used to help satellite developers "design for demise" or ensure that debris
567:
The
Engineering and Technology Group is Aerospace's core science and engineering organization, providing cross-program technical support to a variety of military, civil, commercial, and corporate projects. Consisting of nearly half of the company's technical force, the group is made up of six
576:
The
National Systems Group is responsible for systems engineering and integrations support for NRO space programs. Through methods such as technical and engineering analyses, concept design studies, and direct on-site support, they provide planning, development, and deployment services for
528:. Their 50-year history working side by side with these organizations has made Aerospace the national memory and data repository for launch and satellite systems. They provide scientific and engineering support for launch, space, and related ground systems that serve the national interest.
459:
B. Satellite program support included
Wideband Gapfiller, Space Based Laser, the Ultrahigh-Frequency Follow-On program, and the Global Broadcast Service. Throughout the second half of the 90s, the corporation conducted independent assessments for the
257:. The corporation provides technical guidance and advice on all aspects of space missions to military, civil, and commercial customers. As the FFRDC for national-security space, Aerospace works closely with organizations such as the
393:, the nation's highest award for aeronautical achievement, "for the most significant development for safe and efficient navigation and surveillance of air and spacecraft since the introduction of radio navigation 50 years ago."
265:(NRO) to provide "objective technical analyses and assessments for space programs that serve the national interest". Although the USSF and NRO are the primary customers, Aerospace also performs work for civil agencies such as
381:. Aerospace also began tests on airborne UHF terminals for the Air Force Satellite Communications System, AFSATCOM. In the mid-70s Aerospace assumed general systems engineering and integration responsibility for the
328:
Bernard A. Schriever announced the "formation of a new nonprofit organization, The
Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs."
535:
has identified five core competencies for the
Aerospace FFRDC: launch certification, system-of-systems engineering, systems development and acquisition, process implementation, and technology application.
640:
The Center for Space Policy and Strategy was originally established in 2000 as a Center of Excellence for civil, commercial, and national space policy. In 2016, the Center was expanded.
577:
reconnaissance space systems. NSG's focus is to apply a systems engineering approach to national intelligence programs to provide objective technical recommendations and solutions.
491:. Aerospace has been involved in the analysis of concept designs for the Space Tracking and Surveillance System (SSTS). Aerospace plays an integral role in the development of the
1315:
1295:
619:
The company also maintains the Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies (CORDS). The group is unique in that it is the only one that systematically tests fallen
324:
as a nonprofit corporation. On June 25, 1960, at a press conference held at the U.S. Air Force Ballistic Missile Division headquarters in El Segundo, California,
1325:
1305:
304:
and the Space Technology Laboratories became an independent subsidiary of TRW, but concerns regarding conflicts of interest persisted. In September 1959,
1221:
1320:
1330:
1285:
550:
The Aerospace Corporation sponsors several annual conferences and workshops including planetary defense, space systems engineering, space power, and
501:
496:
250:
1290:
603:
544:
505:
270:
1056:
424:
in Colorado. During this same time period, the company also provided systems engineering and integration for launch vehicles, including the
598:
The Civil Systems Group is a division of The Aerospace Corporation that supports both developing and operational civil space systems for
96:
1335:
1300:
49:
68:
1070:
382:
1214:
363:
75:
447:(EELV) program, the next generation of launch vehicles. They continued to provide launch vehicle systems engineering for the
82:
532:
508:. In 2005, Aerospace supported the Air Force Affordable Responsive Spacelift (ARES) launch system demonstration program.
488:
417:
1340:
1207:
347:
293:
1190:
64:
492:
444:
115:
521:
525:
262:
53:
475:
Most recently, The Aerospace Corporation provided further technical assistance to EELV programs including the
358:. Other notable projects of the 1960s include the advanced ballistic re-entry system (ABRES), the Air Force's
1032:
852:"The Aerospace Corporation, Its Work 1960-1980", pages 12-17. Library of Congress Catalogue Card No. 80-67774
625:
401:
385:(DMSP). Beginning in 1973, a program office was established to assist the Air Force in the creation of the
282:
1129:
629:
495:(AEHF) program that will replace the Milstar system. Another system that Aerospace was supporting is the
469:
461:
551:
359:
89:
1086:
386:
373:
During the 1970s, Aerospace began performing advanced space program analysis and program studies for
258:
810:
443:
In the 1990s, Aerospace participated in the planning and development of system requirements for the
1107:
772:
667:
421:
1153:
19:
This article is about the Californian company founded in 1960. For the generic company topic, see
1254:
897:
367:
350:. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the
42:
1244:
673:
305:
254:
146:
20:
797:
950:
397:
289:
211:
8:
1067:
181:
1184:
865:
747:
742:
734:
314:
1310:
1264:
1011:
706:
682:
484:
377:'s development of the Space Transportation System (STS), more commonly known as the
724:
487:
to provide global persistent intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance to the
452:
429:
351:
1259:
1194:
1074:
712:
701:
688:
655:
480:
465:
340:
273:
as well as international organizations and governments in the national interest.
194:
135:
930:
829:
390:
355:
344:
1279:
964:
729:
413:
378:
1199:
389:(GPS). In recognition of their GPS collaboration, Aerospace shared the 1992
1249:
984:
898:
AIR FORCE BALLISTIC MISSILE MANAGEMENT (Formation of Aerospace Corporation)
661:
620:
425:
285:(WDD) of the United States Air Force was established, under the command of
320:
On June 3, 1960, Aerospace was established under the laws of the State of
416:(ASAT) programs. They provided planning, design, and evaluation for the
756:
336:
321:
199:
624:
burns up more completely during reentry. The team received the 1992
333:
156:
547:(NOAA), as well as other civil and some commercial space customers.
31:
628:
for their work on understanding the breakup characteristics of the
500:
has been playing a leading role in the planning and acquisition of
456:
448:
437:
433:
354:
missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for
325:
301:
297:
286:
476:
405:
910:
614:
792:"Articles of Incorporation". The Aerospace Corporation. 1960.
517:
1178:
775:, a computer program developed by the Aerospace Corporation
599:
540:
409:
374:
266:
420:(AFSCN) and the Consolidated Space Operations Center at
635:
235:
249:
is an American nonprofit corporation that operates a
886:
TRW: Pioneering Technology and Innovation Since 1900
520:
for national security space, primarily supports the
562:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
332:Among the earliest projects it supported were the
1316:Technology companies based in Greater Los Angeles
1296:Federally Funded Research and Development Centers
1130:"Tennant Named President of Air Force Think Tank"
860:
858:
502:Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
468:spacecraft, and supported the acquisition of the
292:. WDD was responsible for the development of the
1277:
497:Transformational Satellite Communications System
251:federally funded research and development center
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
604:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
545:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
539:Aerospace also manages support to programs for
524:of the Air Force Space Command, as well as the
506:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
855:
396:Throughout the 1980s, Aerospace supported the
1326:Non-profit organizations based in Los Angeles
1306:Science and technology in Greater Los Angeles
1229:
1215:
1154:"The Aerospace Corporation Board of Trustees"
830:"Program Offices | The Aerospace Corporation"
615:Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies
997:
785:
1127:
888:(Harvard Business School Press, 1998), p231
648:
1222:
1208:
1183:
134:
1321:Companies based in El Segundo, California
571:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1331:Technology companies established in 1960
1286:Aerospace companies of the United States
824:
822:
820:
580:
383:Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
1089:. The Aerospace Corporation. 2008-07-28
643:
364:Defense Satellite Communications System
1291:Defense companies of the United States
1278:
593:
1203:
1030:
900:H. Rept. 87-324, 1 May 1961, page 15.
817:
464:, provided technical support for the
412:satellite communication systems, and
1033:"Studying the science of space junk"
694:
636:Center for Space Policy and Strategy
609:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
418:Air Force Satellite Control Network
16:Californian company founded in 1960
13:
985:"Engineering and Technology Group"
516:The Aerospace Corporation, as the
348:intercontinental ballistic missile
294:intercontinental ballistic missile
14:
1352:
1336:1960 establishments in California
1301:Research institutes in California
1170:
1128:Vartabedian, Ralph (1987-10-06).
493:Advanced Extremely High Frequency
472:(SBIRS) satellite constellation.
445:Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle
1031:Brown, Eryn (January 22, 2012).
563:Engineering and Technology Group
522:Space and Missile Systems Center
30:
1146:
1121:
1100:
1079:
1061:
1050:
1024:
977:
957:
557:
511:
41:needs additional citations for
943:
923:
911:"Making Space Work Since 1960"
903:
891:
878:
846:
526:National Reconnaissance Office
263:National Reconnaissance Office
1:
779:
483:, and supported planning for
317:and military space systems."
866:"Aerospace History Timeline"
626:NASA Group Achievement Award
402:Strategic Defense Initiative
343:, and the man-rating of the
283:Western Development Division
7:
1156:. The Aerospace Corporation
1110:. The Aerospace Corporation
931:"Naval Research Laboratory"
766:
630:Space Shuttle external tank
470:Space-Based Infrared System
462:International Space Station
298:Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation
65:"The Aerospace Corporation"
10:
1357:
552:spacecraft thermal control
360:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
276:
18:
1341:Collier Trophy recipients
1237:
1231:The Aerospace Corporation
678:1987–1991: Samuel Tennant
387:Global Positioning System
259:United States Space Force
247:The Aerospace Corporation
230:
220:
206:
188:
177:
162:
152:
142:
133:
129:The Aerospace Corporation
668:William F. Ballhaus, Jr.
649:Chief executive officers
422:Schriever Air Force Base
391:Robert J. Collier Trophy
1255:William F. Ballhaus Jr.
1087:"Crosslink Spring 2008"
368:Defense Support Program
1245:Edward C. Aldridge Jr.
805:Cite journal requires
674:Edward C. Aldridge Jr.
572:National Systems Group
306:United States Congress
255:El Segundo, California
166:June 3, 1960
147:Nonprofit organization
21:aerospace manufacturer
1191:AEROSPACE CORPORATION
834:Aerospace Corporation
581:Defense Systems Group
533:Department of Defense
489:Department of Defense
281:On July 1, 1954, the
718:Charles A. Blanchard
644:Corporate governance
398:Inertial Upper Stage
290:Bernard A. Schriever
197:(President and CEO)
50:improve this article
965:"What is an FFRDC?"
715:, President and CEO
594:Civil Systems Group
222:Number of employees
182:Chantilly, Virginia
130:
1073:2011-10-18 at the
748:William L. Shelton
743:Michael Montelongo
735:Daniel E. Hastings
702:Barbara M. Barrett
337:orbital spaceplane
315:ballistic missiles
128:
1273:
1272:
1265:Eberhardt Rechtin
1134:Los Angeles Times
1037:Los Angeles Times
707:Michael B. Donley
695:Board of trustees
683:Eberhardt Rechtin
610:Specialty Centers
310:House Report 1121
244:
243:
126:
125:
118:
100:
1348:
1238:Related articles
1224:
1217:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1179:Official website
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1083:
1077:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1008:
995:
994:
992:
991:
981:
975:
974:
972:
971:
961:
955:
954:
947:
941:
940:
938:
937:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
907:
901:
895:
889:
882:
876:
875:
873:
872:
862:
853:
850:
844:
843:
841:
840:
826:
815:
814:
808:
803:
801:
793:
789:
725:Bonnie J. Dunbar
721:David M. DiCarlo
366:(DSCS), and the
240:
237:
215:
173:
171:
138:
131:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1260:Ivan A. Getting
1233:
1228:
1195:USAspending.gov
1177:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1075:Wayback Machine
1066:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1014:
1012:"Organizations"
1010:
1009:
998:
989:
987:
983:
982:
978:
969:
967:
963:
962:
958:
949:
948:
944:
935:
933:
929:
928:
924:
915:
913:
909:
908:
904:
896:
892:
883:
879:
870:
868:
864:
863:
856:
851:
847:
838:
836:
828:
827:
818:
806:
804:
795:
794:
791:
790:
786:
782:
769:
764:
713:Steve Isakowitz
697:
689:Ivan A. Getting
656:Steve Isakowitz
651:
646:
638:
617:
612:
596:
583:
574:
565:
560:
514:
341:Project Mercury
279:
261:(USSF) and the
234:
223:
210:
198:
195:Steve Isakowitz
191:
184:, United States
169:
167:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1188:
1172:
1171:External links
1169:
1167:
1166:
1145:
1120:
1099:
1078:
1060:
1049:
1023:
996:
976:
956:
942:
922:
902:
890:
877:
854:
845:
816:
807:|journal=
783:
781:
778:
777:
776:
768:
765:
763:
762:
759:
754:
753:K. Anne Street
751:
745:
740:
737:
732:
727:
722:
719:
716:
710:
704:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
685:
679:
676:
670:
664:
658:
654:2016–present:
650:
647:
645:
642:
637:
634:
616:
613:
611:
608:
595:
592:
582:
579:
573:
570:
564:
561:
559:
556:
513:
510:
356:Project Gemini
345:Atlas (rocket)
278:
275:
242:
241:
232:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
208:
204:
203:
192:
189:
186:
185:
179:
175:
174:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1353:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1155:
1149:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1109:
1103:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
986:
980:
966:
960:
952:
946:
932:
926:
912:
906:
899:
894:
887:
881:
867:
861:
859:
849:
835:
831:
825:
823:
821:
812:
799:
788:
784:
774:
771:
770:
760:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:Tina W. Jonas
738:
736:
733:
731:
730:Keith R. Hall
728:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
690:
686:
684:
680:
677:
675:
671:
669:
665:
663:
659:
657:
653:
652:
641:
633:
631:
627:
622:
607:
605:
601:
591:
587:
578:
569:
555:
553:
548:
546:
542:
537:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
509:
507:
503:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:antisatellite
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:Space Shuttle
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
335:
330:
327:
323:
318:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:
284:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
239:
233:
229:
225:
219:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
193:
187:
183:
180:
176:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
137:
132:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1250:Wanda Austin
1230:
1158:. Retrieved
1148:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:
1123:
1112:. Retrieved
1102:
1091:. Retrieved
1081:
1063:
1057:Space Debris
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:
1026:
1015:. Retrieved
988:. Retrieved
979:
968:. Retrieved
959:
945:
934:. Retrieved
925:
914:. Retrieved
905:
893:
885:
884:Davis Dyer,
880:
869:. Retrieved
848:
837:. Retrieved
833:
798:cite journal
787:
761:Alan C. Wade
750:(USAF, Ret.)
662:Wanda Austin
639:
621:space debris
618:
597:
588:
584:
575:
566:
558:Organization
549:
538:
530:
515:
512:Capabilities
474:
442:
395:
372:
331:
319:
309:
280:
246:
245:
214:1.29 billion
178:Headquarters
143:Company type
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
687:1960–1977:
681:1977–1987:
672:1992–2001:
666:2001–2007:
660:2008–2016:
485:Space Radar
404:(SDI), the
400:(IUS), the
362:(MOL), the
253:(FFRDC) in
1280:Categories
1160:2016-10-20
1139:2023-11-22
1114:2010-03-15
1093:2010-03-15
1042:23 January
1017:2007-08-17
990:2007-08-17
970:2007-08-17
936:2007-09-12
916:2007-08-17
871:2007-08-17
839:2021-08-15
780:References
757:Heidi Shyu
709:, Chairman
322:California
202:(Chairman)
200:Paul Selva
190:Key people
170:1960-06-03
76:newspapers
453:Delta III
334:Dyna-Soar
236:aerospace
157:Aerospace
106:July 2019
1311:TRW Inc.
1071:Archived
951:"Speech"
767:See also
543:and the
504:for the
481:Delta IV
457:Titan IV
449:Atlas II
438:Delta II
434:Titan IV
430:Titan II
352:Titan II
326:Lt. Gen.
287:Brig Gen
216:(FY2023)
153:Industry
477:Atlas V
466:Cassini
406:Milstar
370:(DSP).
308:issued
277:History
231:Website
207:Revenue
168: (
163:Founded
90:scholar
1108:"News"
602:, the
455:, and
436:, and
296:. The
226:4,500+
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
773:TRACE
518:FFRDC
426:Atlas
97:JSTOR
83:books
1068:CAIB
1044:2012
811:help
600:NASA
541:NASA
531:The
479:and
410:DSCS
408:and
375:NASA
271:NOAA
269:and
267:NASA
238:.org
212:US$
69:news
1193:on
302:TRW
52:by
1282::
1132:.
1035:.
999:^
857:^
832:.
819:^
802::
800:}}
796:{{
632:.
554:.
451:,
440:.
432:,
428:,
339:,
1223:e
1216:t
1209:v
1163:.
1142:.
1117:.
1096:.
1046:.
1020:.
993:.
973:.
953:.
939:.
919:.
874:.
842:.
813:)
809:(
172:)
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
