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The Book of Thel

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Thel wishes to enter the world of experience and leave behind her innocent paradise. However, once Thel enters the world of experience, she cowers in terror at the thought of mortality and the uselessness of human beings if every action leads toward the grave. This can also be interpreted as Thel’s fear of losing innocence and virginity upon entering the world of adult sexuality. In other words, Thel’s fear of growing up is what keeps her from actually living. When she flees from the experienced world because it appears as her tombstone, she unwittingly flees life itself. William Blake has put a microscope on the conflict between innocence and experience and he has found that innocence must take on a more elevated meaning, one found through suffering, that Thel can never reach so long as she is gripped by her fear of opening herself up to risk. The idea that Thel’s future life was one of despair and death can be read as another example of Thel’s skewed perspective. Thel is surprised by her brilliance and says that the world of experience looks like a “chamber of horrors.” It has also been suggested that the Worm has a part in the conflict between innocence and experience. The Worm is speaking as a messenger for the world of experience, and his words are inaudible to Thel because the Worm is not a part of her realm. The Worm speaks of phallic sexuality and the guaranteed death of mortality. This creates a mediator when she gives the voice to the Clod of Clay. Now the Clod of Clay acts as an interface between innocence and experience. A visual criticism of Thel's fearful rejection of the natural progression from innocence to experience appears in the drawing containing the words "The End": children riding a serpent, a frequent iconographic symbol in Blake (cf. two instances in "Nurses Song," "Songs of Innocence").
113:. The religious connotations of the rod and bowl help explain the disillusionment that many Romantic writers, notably William Blake, had with the state church. This type of theological alienation is consistent with the revolutionary and rebellious sentiments of the era. Another interpretation of the silver rod and the golden bowl are that of the male and female genitalia. Wisdom resides in the male organ and Love resides in the female organ. Should one accept this interpretation, the rod and bowl are transformed from an imperishable state to one of mortal flesh, and the reader acknowledges that a voice of authority is narrating the poem’s action. Blake inscribed the “Motto” plate after he had already composed the first five plates, and the dates suggest that the Motto plate and plate 6 were created at or near the same time. Since Thel’s Motto is clearly an afterthought to the Book, one can connect the final plate, plate 6, and Thel’s Motto. The connection between the mole’s pit and the subterranean area that Thel enters in plate 6 suggests the disparate knowledge between beings in separate domains. The eagle knows only the sky and must ask the mole to gain knowledge about the pit; likewise, Thel knows only innocence and eternity and must be endowed mortality if she wants to learn about the ways of the mortal beings on Earth. 148:
Lily of the Valley who tries to comfort her. When Thel remains uncomforted, the Lily sends her on to ask the Cloud. The Cloud explains that he is part of a natural process and, although he sometimes disappears, he is never gone forever. Thel replies that she is not like the Cloud and when she disappears she will not return. So the Cloud suggests asking the same question of the Worm. The Worm is still a child and cannot answer. Instead it is the Worm’s mother, the Clod of Clay, who answers. The Clod explains that we do not live for ourselves, but for others. She invites Thel to enter into her underground realm and see the dark prison of the dead where Thel herself will one day reside. However, Thel is assailed by mysterious voices asking a whole series of yet more terrible questions about existence. Uttering a shriek, she flees back to her home in the Vales of Har. The pit represents sex and mortality of life, while the Vales of Har represent virginity and eternity. The first part of the poem shows the good part of life as in
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In The Book of Thel, the Vales of Har are depicted as an edenic paradise that lived in harmony; a world where the rain feeds the flowers and the clod of clay feeds the infantile worm. The common belief in this world among the characters is that “everything that lives Lives not alone nor for itself.”
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Thel’s Motto can be interpreted as Blake’s rejection of the Church of England. The “silver rod” where Wisdom cannot be found represents a scepter or staff that would have been used in traditional kingship or even high-ranking ecclesiasts before the rise of nationalism and the consequent fall of the
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is an allegory of the unborn spirit visiting the world of generation. Thel rejects the self-sacrificing aspects of experience and flees back to eternity. The symbols of the Lily-of-the-Valley, the Cloud, the Worm and the Clod of Clay represent idealistic fancy, youth, adolescence and motherhood."
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The daughters of Mne Seraphim are all shepherdesses in the Vales of Har, apart from the youngest, Thel. She spends her time wandering on her own, trying to find the answer to the question that torments her: why does the springtime of life inevitably fade so that all things must end? She meets the
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papacy in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Motto goes on to express doubt that Love can be found in a “golden bowl.” The image of the golden bowl refers to a chalice that is raised when priests in the Christian tradition celebrate the
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has set 'The Book of Thel' to music (2001) ( a composition for mezzo-soprano or soprano, flute, clarinet, Glockenspiel, marimba, violin, viola, cello & piano)
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printing. Sixteen copies of the original print of 1789–1793 are known. Three copies bearing a watermark of 1815 are more elaborately colored than the others.
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Thel is the allegory of the unborn spirit who has gathered experience from her own discoveries and has decided to remain forever innocent.
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The question is "Why do the physical senses darken the soul by excluding it from the wisdom and joy of eternity?"
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with Thel's Motto. This version of the image is from copy F currently held at the Library of Congress.
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whereas the concluding part shows that life is full of sorrows where smiles are never seen, as in
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The Four and Twenty Elders Casting their Crowns before the Divine Throne
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Electronic Copies of Blake's original handpainted illustrations of the
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From A Blake Dictionary: The Ideas and Symbols of William Blake
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is relatively short and easier to understand. The metre is a
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The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides
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All but the youngest; she in paleness sought the secret air.
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Themes from William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell
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The daughters of Mne Seraphim led round their sunny flocks.
434:""The Book of Thel" by William Blake: A Critical Reading." 362: 1455:
The Works of William Blake: Poetic, Symbolic and Critical
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And thus her gentle lamentation falls like morning dew.
375:. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1995, p. 41. Print. 302:
Morris Eaves; Robert N. Essick; Joseph Viscomi (eds.).
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To fade away like morning beauty from her mortal day:
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by Samuel Foster Damon Published by UPNE 1988, p. 52
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recorded an adaptation of this for his 1998 album "
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Down by the river of Adona her soft voice is heard:
60:, which Blake left in manuscript. A few lines from 1595: 344:(Newly revised ed.). Anchor Books. p.  71:This book consists of eight plates executed in 449:Blake: Complete writings with variant readings 551: 1023:Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion 165: 558: 544: 373:William Blake's Recreation of Gnostic Myth 1430:Scholarship, in popular culture, and more 68:. Most of the poem is in unrhymed verse. 452:. Oxford University Press. p. 887. 436:ELH 47.2 (1980):p. 294. Web. 6 Feb 2010. 82: 20: 97:Does the Eagle know what is in the pit? 1596: 1272:Europe Supported by Africa and America 445: 326: 324: 1428: 1230: 1090: 577: 539: 383: 381: 330: 195:is best understood as a rewriting of 1614:18th-century illuminated manuscripts 1494:Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings 1510:Songs and Proverbs of William Blake 1375:On the Morning of Christ's Nativity 321: 13: 981:Visions of the Daughters of Albion 578: 526:Visions of the daughters of Albion 378: 116: 101:Can Wisdom be put in a silver rod? 14: 1625: 565: 499: 1544:William Blake in popular culture 1389:Illustrations of the Book of Job 1258:Original Stories from Real Life 967:The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 473: 252:William Blake's prophetic books 78: 1331:A Vision of the Last Judgement 446:Keynes, Geoffrey, ed. (1972). 439: 410: 295: 284: 235:It is said to have influenced 1: 1469:Blake: Prophet Against Empire 1279:The Night of Enitharmon's Joy 1091: 878:The Voice of the Ancient Bard 528:, Lowell *EC75.B5815.793va. 405:Blake: Prophet against Empire 341:The Complete Poetry and Prose 278: 174: 99:Or wilt thou go ask the Mole: 618:There is No Natural Religion 142: 7: 1071:Never pain to tell thy love 245: 10: 1630: 103:Or Love in a golden bowl? 16:1789 poem by William Blake 1536: 1485: 1476:Witness Against the Beast 1439: 1435: 1424: 1398: 1241: 1237: 1226: 1099: 1086: 1061: 1036: 944: 907: 896: 743: 640: 627: 588: 584: 573: 492:robertwynne-simmons.co.uk 265:William Blake's mythology 212: 1037:The Pickering Manuscript 418:Blake's Thel and Oothoon 389:Blake's Thel and Oothoon 166:Innocence vs. Experience 1604:Poetry by William Blake 1231: 885:(found only in Copy BB) 763:The Clod and the Pebble 64:were incorporated into 1570:Catherine Blake (wife) 532:at Harvard University. 140: 106: 92: 52:fourteen-syllable line 34: 1549:William Blake Archive 1448:Life of William Blake 1338:Descriptive Catalogue 1045:Auguries of Innocence 974:The French Revolution 778:The Little Girl Found 611:All Religions are One 604:An Island in the Moon 513:William Blake Archive 308:William Blake Archive 120: 94: 86: 54:. It was preceded by 24: 1345:The Great Red Dragon 1052:The Mental Traveller 773:The Little Girl Lost 685:The Little Boy Found 665:The Little Black Boy 432:Levinson, Marjorie. 224:The Chemical Wedding 1367:Agony in the Garden 1360:The Ghost of a Flea 1265:The Ancient of Days 1064:Rossetti Manuscript 833:The Little Vagabond 813:My Pretty Rose Tree 783:The Chimney Sweeper 745:Songs of Experience 735:On Another's Sorrow 680:The Little Boy Lost 675:The Chimney Sweeper 154:Songs of Experience 1299:Illustrations for 995:The Book of Ahania 988:The Book of Urizen 921:America a Prophecy 863:A Little Girl Lost 843:The Human Abstract 828:The Garden of Love 655:The Ecchoing Green 642:Songs of Innocence 630:Songs of Innocence 150:Songs of Innocence 93: 35: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1373:Illustrations of 1322:Illustrations of 1307:Illustrations of 1222: 1221: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1032: 1031: 928:Europe a Prophecy 892: 891: 858:A Little Boy Lost 632:and of Experience 597:Poetical Sketches 518:Digital Facsimile 371:Sorensen, Peter. 137:Part 1, lines 1-5 1621: 1558:(1983 monologue) 1462:Fearful Symmetry 1437: 1436: 1426: 1425: 1239: 1238: 1228: 1227: 1088: 1087: 960:The Book of Thel 905: 904: 700:The Divine Image 638: 637: 586: 585: 575: 574: 560: 553: 546: 537: 536: 530:Houghton Library 494: 489: 483: 477: 471: 470: 468: 466: 443: 437: 430: 421: 414: 408: 401: 392: 385: 376: 369: 360: 359: 336:Erdman, David V. 328: 319: 318: 316: 314: 299: 293: 288: 193:The Book of Thel 182:The Book of Thel 138: 87:Plate 01 of the 66:The Book of Thel 39:The Book of Thel 27:The Book of Thel 1629: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1618: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1579: 1532: 1502:Ten Blake Songs 1481: 1440:Scholarly works 1431: 1412: 1407:Visionary Heads 1394: 1256:Engravings for 1243: 1233: 1218: 1095: 1074: 1057: 1028: 1002:The Book of Los 940: 935:The Song of Los 911: 899: 888: 739: 631: 623: 580: 569: 564: 502: 497: 490: 486: 478: 474: 464: 462: 460: 444: 440: 431: 424: 416:Wilkie, Brian. 415: 411: 403:Erdman, David. 402: 395: 387:Wilkie, Brian. 386: 379: 370: 363: 356: 329: 322: 312: 310: 300: 296: 289: 285: 281: 248: 220:Bruce Dickinson 215: 207:S. Foster Damon 187:Geoffrey Keynes 177: 168: 145: 139: 136: 133: 130: 128: 126: 124: 119: 117:The first lines 105: 102: 100: 98: 81: 48:prophetic books 25:William Blake: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1627: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1559: 1551: 1546: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1522: 1514: 1506: 1498: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1480: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1458: 1451: 1443: 1441: 1433: 1432: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1410: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1385: 1378: 1370: 1363: 1356: 1349: 1341: 1334: 1327: 1319: 1312: 1304: 1301:Night-Thoughts 1296: 1293:Nebuchadnezzar 1289: 1282: 1275: 1268: 1261: 1253: 1251:Relief etching 1247: 1245: 1235: 1234: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1068: 1066: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1048: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1019: 1012: 1005: 998: 991: 984: 977: 970: 963: 956: 948: 946: 942: 941: 939: 938: 931: 924: 916: 914: 902: 894: 893: 890: 889: 887: 886: 883:A Divine Image 880: 875: 873:The School Boy 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 818:Ah! 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Index


William Blake
prophetic books
fourteen-syllable line
Tiriel
illuminated

Eucharist
Songs of Innocence
Songs of Experience
Geoffrey Keynes
Milton
Comus
S. Foster Damon
Bruce Dickinson
The Chemical Wedding
Lucien Posman
The Outcasts
William Blake's prophetic books
Tiriel (poem)
William Blake's mythology
Thel (opera)
Blake Archive
"The Book of Thel, copy F, object 1 (Bentley 1, Erdman i, Keynes i) "The Book of Thel""
William Blake Archive


Blake, William
Erdman, David V.
The Complete Poetry and Prose

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