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questions about why some men slander women, helping
Christine to prepare the ground on which the city will be built. She tells Christine to "take the spade of intelligence and dig deep to make a trench all around ⊠help to carry away the hods of earth on shoulders." These "hods of earth" are the past beliefs Christine has held. Christine, in the beginning of the text, believed that women must truly be bad because she "could scarcely find a moral work by any author which didn't devote some chapter or paragraph to attacking the female sex. had to accept unfavourable opinion of women since it was unlikely that so many learned men, who seemed to be endowed with such great intelligence and insight into all things, could possibly have lied on so many different occasions." Christine is not using reason to discover the merits of women. She believes all that she reads instead of putting her mind to listing all the great deeds women have accomplished. To help Christine see reason, Lady Reason comes and teaches Christine. She helps Christine dispel her own self-consciousness and the negative thoughts of past writers. By creating Lady Reason, Christine not only teaches her own allegorical self, but also her readers. She gives not only herself reason, but also gives readers, and women, reason to believe that women are not evil or useless creatures but instead have a significant place within society.
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Christian ladies" who possessed the gift of prophecy, chastity, or devotion to their families and others. Christine and Lady
Rectitude also discuss the institution of marriage, addressing Christine's questions regarding men's claims about the bad qualities women bring to marriage. Lady Rectitude corrects these misconceptions with examples of women who loved their husbands and acted virtuously, noting that those women who are evil toward their husbands are "like creatures who go totally against their nature". Lady Rectitude also refutes allegations that women are unchaste, inconstant, unfaithful, and mean by nature through her stories. This part ends with Christine addressing women and asking them to pray for her as she continues her work with Lady Justice to complete the city.
1076:. In the tale of Rhea Ilia, Boccaccio advocates for the right of young women to choose a secular or religious life. He states that it is harmful to place young girls into convents while they are "ignorant or too young or under coercion". Boccaccio states that girls should be "well brought up from childhood in their father's home and taught honesty and virtuous behavior. Then when they are grown and know full well what they are doing" they can choose the life of monasticism. Boccaccio believes that young girls need to be taught about life and virtues before they are consecrated to God.
27:
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and the three female
Virtues which are sent to aid Christine build the city. These Virtues â Reason, Rectitude, and Justice â help Christine build the foundations and houses of the city, as well as pick the women who will reside in the city of ladies. Each woman chosen by the Virtues to live in the city acts as a positive example for other women to follow. These women are also examples of the positive influences women have had on society.
159:, a work from the thirteenth century that addresses marriage and argues that women make men's lives miserable. Upon reading these words, Christine becomes upset and feels ashamed to be a woman: "This thought inspired such a great sense of disgust and sadness in me that I began to despise myself and the whole of my sex as an aberration in nature". The
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stepping stone for
Christine's belief in female education. Boccaccio's outlook was however, according to Margaret King and Albert Rabil, "misogynist, for it singled out for praise those women who possessed the traditional virtues of chastity, silence, and obedience. Women who were active in the public realm
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city of ladies. She defends women by collecting a wide array of famous women throughout history. These women are "housed" in the City of Ladies, which is actually the book. As Pizan builds her city, she uses each famous woman as a building block for not only the walls and houses of the city, but also
384:
In Part II, Lady
Rectitude says she will help Christine "construct the houses and buildings inside the walls of the City of Ladies" and fill it with inhabitants who are "valiant ladies of great renown". As they build, Lady Rectitude informs Christine with examples and "stories of pagan, Hebrew, and
163:
then appear to
Christine, and each lady tells Christine what her role will be in helping her build the City of Ladies. Lady Reason, a virtue developed by Christine for the purpose of her book, is the first to join Christine and helps her build the external walls of the city. She answers Christine's
1108:
is an allegorical society in which the word "lady" is defined as a woman of noble spirit, instead of noble birth. The book, and therefore the city, contains women of past eras, ranging from pagans to ancient Jews to medieval
Christian saints. The book includes discussion between Christine de Pizan
1079:
While he does not say women should have a formal education, he is still advocating for women to have a say in their lives and the right to be well informed about their possible futures. Therefore, Boccaccio's belief in educating young girls about secular and religious life could have acted as a
84:
believed to have been finished by 1405. Perhaps Pizan's most famous literary work, it is her second work of lengthy prose. Pizan uses the vernacular French language to compose the book, but she often uses Latin-style syntax and conventions within her French prose. The book serves as her formal
853:
In Part III, Lady
Justice joins with Christine to "add the finishing touches" to the city, including bringing a queen to rule the city. Lady Justice tells Christine of female saints who were praised for their martyrdom. At the close of this part, Christine makes another address to all women
858:). She also warns the women against the lies of slanderers, saying, "Drive back these treacherous liars who use nothing but tricks and honeyed words to steal from you that which you should keep safe above all else: your chastity and your glorious good name".
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Christine asks the virtues if women should be taught as men are and why some men think women should not be educated. Other questions that are explored are: the criminality of rape, the natural affinity in women to learn, and their talent for government.
125:. This aims to educate women of all estates, the latter telling women who have husbands: "If she wants to act prudently and have the praise of both the world and her husband, she will be cheerful to him all the time". Her
1459:
King, Margaret, and Albert Rabil. Introduction. "Dialogue on the
Infinity of Love." Tullia d'Aragona. 1547. Trans. Rinaldina Russell and Bruce Merry. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1997. Print.
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King, Margaret, and Albert Rabil. Introduction. "Dialogue on the
Infinity of Love." Tullia d'Aragona. 1547. Trans. Rinaldina Russell and Bruce Merry. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1997.
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as building blocks for her thesis. Each woman introduced to the city adds to Pizan's argument towards women as valued participants in society. She also advocates in favour of
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announcing the completion of the City of Ladies. She beseeches them to defend and protect the city and to follow their queen (the
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Boccaccio's text is mainly used for Parts I and II of the book, while Part III is more reliant upon Jean de Vignay's
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1055:. This text was a biographical treatise on ancient famous women. Christine also cited from Boccaccio's
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Several female saints who were forced to watch their children being martyred: blessed Felicia, blessed
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1190:. Trans. by Charity Cannon Willard, ed. by Madeleine Pelner Cosman. Tenafly: Bard Hall Press, 1989.
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1225:. Ed. Marilynn Desmond. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P: 1998. 91-107. Print. Medieval Cultures 14.
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by Christine Pizan. 1405. Trans. Rosalind Brown-Grant. London: Penguin, 1999. xvi-xxxv. Print.
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by Christine Pizan. 1405. Trans. Rosalind Brown-Grant. London: Penguin, 1999. xvi-xxxv. Print.
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Fenster, Thelma. "âPerdre son latinâ: Christine de Pizan and Vernacular Humanism."
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1288:"The Miroir des dames, the Chapelet des vertus, and Christine de Pizan's Sources"
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1065:. The tales of Ghismonda and Lisabetta, for example, are cited from Boccaccio's
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1276:. Burlington: Ashgate: 2002. Print. Women and Gender in the Early Mod. World.
1232:. Burlington: Ashgate: 2002. Print. Women and Gender in the Early Mod. World.
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1091:(1333). This text is the French translation of the historical portions of
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The Concept of Woman. Volume 2: The Early Humanist Reformation, 1250-1500
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Ed. by Virginia Brown. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. Print.
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Politics, gender, and genre: the political thought of Christine de Pizan
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The Selected Writings of Christine De Pizan: New Translations, Criticism
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A Medieval woman's mirror of honor: the treasury of the city of ladies
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Several ladies who served the Apostles: Drusiana, Susanna, Maximilla,
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The allegory of female authority: Christine de Pizan's Cité des dames
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Sex and gender in medieval and Renaissance texts: the Latin tradition
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1097:, an encyclopedia by Vincent of Beauvais that was begun after 1240.
1183:. Ed. by Virginia Brown. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001.
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1408:. 1405. Trans. Rosalind Brown-Grant. London: Penguin, 1999. Print.
1176:. 1405. Trans. Rosalind Brown-Grant. London: Penguin, 1999. Print.
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95:. Pizan combats Meun's statements about women by creating an
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Miller, Paul Allen, Platter, Charles, and Gold, Barbara K.
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Boccaccio's influence can be seen in Christine's stance on
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Lacedaemonian women who saved their husbands from execution
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Cultural depictions of Sempronia (wife of Decimus Brutus)
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The following 37 women are discussed in Part III of the
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De mulieribus claris. English & Latin. Famous women
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The following 92 women are discussed in Part II of the
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The following 36 women are discussed in Part I of the
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1249:. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.
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Christine de Pizan and the Categories of Difference
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133:are her two best-known works, along with the poem
1292:The Intellectual Dynamism of the High Middle Ages
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1455:
1453:
1294:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 279â296.
1200:Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate and Kevin Brownlee.
907:Saint Lucy (different than the Saint Lucy above)
115:Le tresor de la cité des dames de degré en degré
1239:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
1237:Gender and genre in medieval French literature
1450:
1573:Cultural depictions of Mary, mother of Jesus
1037:Christine's main source for information was
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1437:
1337:Cantor, Norman. The Medieval Reader. p. 230
1204:. New York, Norton Critical Editions, 1997.
1583:Cultural depictions of Agrippina the Elder
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1256:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
152:Part I opens with Christine reading from
107:Christine de Pizan also finished by 1405
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827:Margaret of Burgundy, Duchess of Bavaria
1346:
1274:The Political Theory of Christine Pizan
121:), a manual of education, dedicated to
1598:Cultural depictions of Claudia Octavia
1505:
1411:
1384:*Brown-Grant, Rosalind. Introduction.
1351:Christine de Pizan: Her Life and Works
1230:The Political Theory of Chrisine Pizan
812:Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans
524:Sulpicia (wife of Lentulus Cruscellio)
1608:Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene
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1285:
1214:Brown-Grant, Rosalind. Introduction.
837:Marie of Savoy, Countess of Saint-Pol
1568:Cultural depictions of Helen of Troy
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1051:), possibly in the French version,
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1548:Biographical dictionaries of women
1355:. New York: Persea Books. p.
1149:Le Livre de la mutation de fortune
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110:The Treasure of the City of Ladies
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1669:
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537:Curia (wife of Quintus Lucretius)
504:Julia (daughter of Julius Caesar)
1211:. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.
212:Marie of Blois, Duchess of Anjou
1593:Cultural depictions of Tanaquil
20:The Book of the City of Ladies
16:1405 book by Christine de Pizan
1623:Cultural depictions of Zenobia
1494:The Boke Of The Cyte Of Ladyes
1485:The Boke Of The Cyte Of Ladyes
1406:The Book of the City of Ladies
1386:The Book of the City of Ladies
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1331:
1279:
1266:
1216:The Book of the City of Ladies
1174:The Book of the City of Ladies
1123:Biographies of Exemplary Women
1106:The Book of the City of Ladies
881:The Virgin Mary's sisters and
798:Marguerite, Dame de la Riviere
451:Theodora (wife of Justinian I)
71:The Book of the City of Ladies
33:The Book of the City of Ladies
1:
1563:Cultural depictions of Esther
1558:Cultural depictions of Judith
1553:Cultural depictions of Sappho
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123:Princess Margaret of Burgundy
119:The Book of the Three Virtues
77:Le Livre de la Cité des Dames
1347:Willard, Charity C. (1984).
578:The Rape of the Sabine Women
355:Gaia Cirilla (also known as
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1578:Cultural depictions of Dido
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1053:Des Cleres et Nobles Femmes
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702:Wife of Bernabo the Genovan
421:Elizabeth (biblical figure)
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1523:Medieval French literature
1498:Early English Books Online
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976:Saint Christina of Bolsena
868:Book of the City of Ladies
822:Marie, Duchess of Auvergne
395:Book of the City of Ladies
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256:Lilia, mother of Theodoric
174:Book of the City of Ladies
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1481:, Boston College Magazine
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1518:French non-fiction books
1323:Allen, Prudence (2006).
1134:The Legend of Good Women
1061:in the latter stages of
991:Euphrosyne of Alexandria
794:Busa of Canosa di Puglia
612:Susanna (Book of Daniel)
889:Catherine of Alexandria
80:, is a book written by
1404:*De Pizan, Christine.
1272:Forhan, Kate Langdon.
1228:Forhan, Kate Langdon.
693:Brunhilda of Austrasia
627:Ruth (biblical figure)
280:Faltonia Betitia Proba
136:Ditie de Jehanne D'Arc
1443:Boccaccio, Giovanni.
1286:Green, Karen (2022).
1179:Boccaccio, Giovanni.
1172:De Pizan, Christine.
1033:Boccaccio's influence
557:Mary, mother of Jesus
265:Laodice of Cappadocia
252:Artemisia II of Caria
236:, Synoppe, Lampheto,
1252:Quilligan, Maureen.
1142:De Mulieribus Claris
1044:De mulieribus claris
1026:Julian and Basilissa
1003:Natalia of Nicomedia
734:Lisabetta of Messina
731:Ghismonda of Salerno
489:Artemisia I of Caria
1327:. pp. 610â658.
1207:Brabant, Margaret.
920:Cyprian and Justina
895:Margaret of Antioch
817:Margaret of Bavaria
660:Hippo (Greek woman)
499:Agrippina the Elder
474:Griselda (folklore)
465:the virgin Claudine
441:Basina of Thuringia
426:Anna the Prophetess
102:education for women
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1538:Giovanni Boccaccio
1477:2014-05-17 at the
1472:"An Educated Lady"
1428:2014-05-14 at the
1186:Pizan, Christine.
1063:The City of Ladies
1039:Giovanni Boccaccio
1018:Helena of Adiabene
945:Blessed Theodosina
832:Isabella of Valois
802:Isabeau of Bavaria
789:Blanche of Castile
759:Europa (mythology)
602:Hortensia (orator)
197:Blanche of Castile
82:Christine de Pizan
44:Christine de Pizan
31:Illustration from
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1643:Ceres (mythology)
1423:Table of Contents
1195:Secondary sources
1089:Miroir historical
995:Blessed Anastasia
242:Orithyia (Amazon)
207:Blanche of France
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1074:female education
998:Blessed Theodota
971:Agatha of Sicily
904:Blessed Martina.
807:Joan of Armagnac
754:Juno (mythology)
727:Hero and Leander
698:Florence of Rome
664:Sicambrian women
607:Novella d'Andrea
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407:Erythraean Sibyl
92:Roman de la Rose
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117:, also known
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1155:Brian Anslay
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914:Saint Fausta
867:
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173:
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157:Lamentations
156:
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87:Jean de Meun
85:response to
76:
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32:
1145:(Boccaccio)
927:Saint Macra
875:The Virgin
856:Virgin Mary
552:Stateira II
479:Hypsicratea
234:Penthesilea
154:Matheolus's
97:allegorical
89:'s popular
1513:1405 books
1507:Categories
1261:References
1008:Saint Afra
930:Saint Fida
900:Saint Lucy
637:Mariamne I
547:Andromache
275:Cornificia
63:circa 1405
1618:Hippolyta
1613:Semiramis
1137:(Chaucer)
1127:Liu Xiang
1067:Decameron
1058:Decameron
1024:, Saints
1022:Plautilla
597:Genevieve
514:Xanthippe
461:Hypsipyle
456:Dripetrua
436:Cassandra
346:Sempronia
230:Hippolyta
217:Semiramis
192:Fredegund
1533:Allegory
1475:Archived
1426:Archived
1129:, 18 BC)
1117:See also
1020:, Saint
941:Euphemia
935:Marciana
933:Blessed
849:Part III
779:Polyxena
749:Deianira
725:Hero of
683:Athaliah
668:Verginia
655:Chiomara
650:Lucretia
646:Sulpitia
632:Penelope
588:Clotilde
446:Carmenta
357:Tanaquil
334:Thamaris
330:Pamphile
305:Carmenta
238:Marpesia
226:Thamiris
131:Treasure
50:Language
1658:Jezebel
1638:Minerva
1162:Sources
982:Julitta
918:Saints
764:Jocasta
688:Jezebel
622:Rebecca
592:Catulla
583:Veturia
484:Triaria
416:Deborah
380:Part II
373:Lavinia
325:Arachne
310:Minerva
270:Cloelia
260:Camilla
247:Zenobia
222:Amazons
143:Summary
1363:
1306:
1101:Themes
1082:
1001:Saint
969:Saint
963:Saint
939:Saint
893:Saint
887:Saint
769:Medusa
744:Iseult
721:Thisbe
706:Leaena
595:Saint
573:Esther
562:Bithia
403:Sibyls
285:Sappho
148:Part I
53:French
40:Author
1633:Circe
1628:Medea
716:Medea
617:Sarah
494:Argea
337:Irene
315:Ceres
300:Circe
295:Medea
290:Manto
74:, or
1648:Isis
1361:ISBN
1304:ISBN
877:Mary
711:Dido
363:Dido
341:Iaia
320:Isis
129:and
127:Book
1496:on
1357:135
1296:doi
1041:'s
368:Ops
1509::
1452:^
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113:(
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